ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS

SUPRIYA SARASWATI

A potentially life threatening blood disorder in a foetus or a newborn, arising due to incompatibility with mother’s blood.

TREATMENT OF THE DISEASE

Master layout or diagram • Make a schematic diagram of the concept• Explain the animator about the beginning and ending of

the process.

• Draw image big enough for explaining.

• In above image, identify and label different components

of the process/phenomenon. (These are like characters

in a film)

• Illustrate the basic flow of action by using arrows. Use

BOLD lines in the diagram, (minimum 2pts.)

• In the slide after that, provide the definitions of ALL the

labels used in the diagram

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1INSTRUCTIONS SLIDE

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1. PHOTOTHERAPY

2. PLASMAPHERESIS

3.INTRAUTERINE BLOOD TRANSFUSION

MASTER LAYOUT Part Five: TREATMENT OF EF

Definitions of the components:

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11. Phototherapy: Infant is exposed to low levels of UV light to facilitate

breakdown of bilirubin and prevent cerebral damage.

2. Plasmapheresis: A procedure wherein a machine is used to separate mother’s blood into two different

fractions- cells and plasma. The plasma containing the anti Rh antibody is discarded and the cells are reinfused into the mother using fresh plasma solution.

3. Intrauterine blood exchange transfusion: A procedure adopted in severe cases, to replace fetal Rh+ red blood cells with Rh- cells, while the fetus is still in the uterus. In less severe cases, blood

exchange transfusion can wait until after birth.

Explain the process1

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In this step, use an example to explain the concept. It can be an analogy, a scenario, or an action which explains this concept/process/topic

Try to use examples from day-to-day life to make it more clear

You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a series of moving images.

Keep the examples simple to understand, and also to illustrate/animate.

Analogy / Scenario / Action1

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The immune system of the body is well developed to fight infections and keep the body healthy. Any foreign substance (antigen) entering the body makes the immune system produce molecules called antibodies that destroy the antigen.

Blood transfusions are procedures of transferring blood or blood based products from one circulatory system into another. For this the blood of the donor should be compatible with that of the recipient’s blood, which means the blood types should match. Or else any component not matching the recipient’s blood type will lead to production of antibodies in his body against the donor’s blood cells. These antibodies will attack the newly received blood and kill the blood cells.

Erythroblastosis fetalis is a diseased condition arising from incompatibility of fetal blood with that of the maternal blood. It usually happens in Rh- women carrying Rh+ fetus. Maternal antibodies attack the fetal blood cells and destroy them.

Stepwise description of process

The goal of the IDD is to provide instructions to an animator who is not a expert.

You have to describe what steps the animator should take to make your concept come alive as a moving visualization.

Use one slide per step. This will ensure clarity of the explanation.

Add a image of the step in the box, and the details in the table below the box.

You can use any images for reference, but mention about it's copyright status

The animator will have to re-draw / re-create the drawings

Add more slides as per the requirement of the animation

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Step 26:

Action Audio Narration

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4 Description of the action

Show phototherapy of baby

•Show baby kept inside a chamber.

•Show UV light falling on baby.

•Show breakdown of bilirubin molecules.

Breakdown of bilirubin under low levels of UV light prevents its accumulation and thus cerebral damage. This technique of treatment is called phototherapy.

Step 27:

Action Audio Narration

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4 Description of the action

Show intrauterine blood transfusion of baby

•Show blood being injected into the fetus to replace Rh+ blood by Rh- blood.

•Show Rh- blood entering fetus.

Intrauterine blood exchange transfusion is done only severe cases. Is employed to replace fetal Rh+ blood with Rh- blood. In less severe cases, blood exchange transfusion can wait until after birth.

Rh- blood being transfused to the fetus

Step 28:

Action Audio Narration

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4 Description of the action

Show plasma- pheresis

•Show Rh- woman.

•Show blood being drawn from her from an injection and emptied into a test tube.

•Show another tube with different components of blood separated by a separating machine.

Plasmapheresis is employed as a treatment method and is performed on the mother.

Step 29:

Action Audio Narration

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Show plasma- pheresis

•Show some antibodies in the plasma fraction.

•Show that plasma is discarded. The cell fraction is mixed with fresh plasma from another tube.

•Show this is reinfused into the mother.

Plasma containing the antibodies against Rh antigen is discarded and the cells are mixed with fresh plasma solution and reinfused into the mother.

Fresh Plasma

mixed

Animation design

• Please see the design template provided in the next slide.

• This is a sample template, and you are free to change as per your design requirements.

• Try and recreate the sections/subsections as shown in the template.

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Interactivity and Boundary limitsIn this section, you will add the ‘Interactivity’ options to the

animation.

Use the template in the next slide to give the details.

Insert the image of the step/s (explained earlier in the Section 3) in the box, and provide the details in the table below.

The details of Interactivity could be:Types: Drop down, Slider bar, Data inputs etc.Options: Select one, Multiple selections etcBoundary Limits: Values of the parameters, which won’t

show results after a particular pointResults: Explain the effect of the interaction in this column

Add more slides if necessary

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Interactivity option 1:Step No:

Boundary/limitsInteracativity Type Options Results

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Which is the correct sequence of events occurring in erythroblastosis fetalis?

Constructing the correct sequence

Select and drag event boxes in the correct manner in the empty boxes given below. Incorrect sequence should make the box turn red. Correct sequence boxes should turn green.

Correct sequence is: A D B C

D. Differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and memory B cells

C. Release of immature erythrocytes from the fetal bone marrow

A. Rh+ fetal RBCs enter maternal circulation

B. Production of antibodies against fetal RBCs in the mother’s body

Interactivity option 2:Step No:

Boundary/limitsInteracativity Type Options Results

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4Matching the correct option

Select and drag the correct technique that describes it the best. Technique box should be selected and dragged into the empty boxes shown. Correct box should turn green and incorrect boxes should turn red.

The correct option is C

A cell separating machine is used to separate mother’s blood into cell and plasma fraction, after which antibody containing plasma fraction is discarded and cells are reinfused into the mother on mixing with a fresh plasma solution. Which technique is this?

A. Phototherapy

B. Intrauterine blood transfusion

C. Plasmapheresis

Links for further readingReference websites:

www.nlm.nih.gov

http://en.wikipedia.org

www.marchofdimes.com

www.mercksource.com

Books:Textbook of Immunology, Kuby

Textbook of Medical Physiology, Guyton

Research papers: