Nuclear Physics

Ernst Rutherford: Gold Foil Experiment=Discovery of the nucleus (+)

It was quite the most incredible event that has ever happened to me in my life. It was almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you. On consideration, I realized that this scattering backward must be the result of a single collision, and when I made calculations I saw that it was impossible to get anything of that order of magnitude unless you took a system in which the greater part of the mass of the atom was concentrated in a minute nucleus. It was then that I had the idea of an atom with a minute massive center, carrying a charge.[2]

—Ernest Rutherford

Bohr Model

Protons= 1800 times as big as electronsElectron CloudEmpty SpaceAtomic #=ProtonsAtomic Mass: AP and/or N mass= 1 u= 1/12 mass of C1u=1.67 e-27 kgActual Mass: A x uIsotope=different masses=Same P/Differ NNuclide= nucleus of isotopeStrong Nuclear Force=Keeps nucleons togetherElectromagnetic Force= Keeps Nucleus and E

together

The Atom

If the atomic mass is changed so is the binding energy

Einstein’s mass energy equivalent: E=mc2

1-56 become more stable57-92 become less stable

56= Fe-Sun’s natural nuclear reaction to increase size

57 & up=Natural nuclear reaction decreases

Nuclear

Alpha: He +2 PaperBeta: Electron -1 AluminumGamma: Energy 0 LeadHalf Life- the time it takes for ½ the

substance to decay

An incident neutron bombards unstable nuclei until critical mass is reached until it splits

Nuclear Fission

Isotope of Hydrogen combines with others to form Helium

Nuclear Fusion