Erik Erikson
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Transcript of Erik Erikson
Erik EriksonErik Erikson
Amber SteeleAmber SteeleBrianne Boesiger Brianne Boesiger
Theory of Psychosocial Theory of Psychosocial DevelopmentDevelopment
Erik Erikson
1902 - 1994
Timeline- The Early Years
1902- Born in Frankfurt, Germany
1911- Is adopted by step-father Theodor Homburger
1919- Begins travels throughout Europe
Timeline- Young Adulthood
1927- Becomes teacher at Hietzing School in Vienna
1928- Studies child psychology with Anna Freud
1930- Marries Joan Serson, a dance teacher at the school
Timeline- Career
1933- Emigrates to US
1939- Becomes US citizen
1960- Begins teaching at Harvard
Erikson’s Psychosocial TheoryErikson’s Psychosocial Theory
8 Stages of man 8 Stages of man
Each stage includes:Each stage includes:
Significant relationshipSignificant relationship
Psychosocial crisisPsychosocial crisis
Potential positive or negative outcome Potential positive or negative outcome
Disagreement on ages of stages, even among Disagreement on ages of stages, even among contemporariescontemporaries
The Eight StagesThe Eight Stages
Stage 1- InfancyStage 1- Infancy- 0-1½ years0-1½ years- Maternal personsMaternal persons- Trust vs. MistrustTrust vs. Mistrust
+ + Hope, driveHope, drive- Sensory distortion, withdrawal- Sensory distortion, withdrawal
Stage 2- Early ChildhoodStage 2- Early Childhood- 1- 3 years- 1- 3 years- Parental persons- Parental persons- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
+ Will power, self control+ Will power, self control - Impulsivity, compulsivity- Impulsivity, compulsivity
The Eight StagesThe Eight StagesStage 3- Pre-schoolStage 3- Pre-school- 3-6 years3-6 years- Family Family - Initiative vs. GuiltInitiative vs. Guilt
+ + Purpose, directionPurpose, direction- Ruthless, inhibition Ruthless, inhibition
Stage 4- School childStage 4- School child- 6-12 years6-12 years- Neighborhood, school, familyNeighborhood, school, family- Industry vs. inferiorityIndustry vs. inferiority
+ + Competence, initiationCompetence, initiation- Narrow character, low motivationNarrow character, low motivation
The Eight StagesThe Eight StagesStage 5- AdolescentStage 5- Adolescent- 12-20 years12-20 years- Peer group Peer group - Identity vs. role confusionIdentity vs. role confusion
+ + Self certainty, fidelitySelf certainty, fidelity- Withdrawal, fanaticismWithdrawal, fanaticism
– Experimentation of different roles to find one Experimentation of different roles to find one most suitable or comfortablemost suitable or comfortable
– Assimilating morals learned as a child to ethnics Assimilating morals learned as a child to ethnics needed as adults (ChildStudy.net)needed as adults (ChildStudy.net)
““Who am Who am I?”I?”
The Eight StagesThe Eight StagesStage 6- Young adulthoodStage 6- Young adulthood- Friends, co-workers, sexual partnersFriends, co-workers, sexual partners- Intimacy vs. isolationIntimacy vs. isolation
Stage 7- Middle adulthoodStage 7- Middle adulthood- Family (partner, children), Family (partner, children), communitycommunity- Generosity vs. self absorptionGenerosity vs. self absorption
Stage 8- Late adulthoodStage 8- Late adulthood- Society, the world communitySociety, the world community- Integrity vs. despairIntegrity vs. despair
Application of Erikson’s TheoryApplication of Erikson’s Theory
Stage 4 (school age)Stage 4 (school age)– Hands on projectsHands on projects– Increasing influenceIncreasing influence
Encourage sense of accomplishment and self Encourage sense of accomplishment and self worthworth
Finding the natural talents of individualsFinding the natural talents of individuals
Stressing the importance of individual successStressing the importance of individual success
Application of Erikson’s TheoryApplication of Erikson’s Theory
Stage 5 (adolescence) Stage 5 (adolescence)
– Seek leadership/ inspirationSeek leadership/ inspiration– Understanding of distractionsUnderstanding of distractions
Not belittling adolescence idealsNot belittling adolescence ideals
– Experimentation requires acceptance Experimentation requires acceptance – Sense of samenessSense of sameness
Encouragement of natural individual talentsEncouragement of natural individual talents
Critics
Doubted his academic integrity
Questioned the stage theory as opposed to continuous development
Said that his theory is more applicable to boys than to girls
Complain that more attention is paid to infancy and childhood than to adult life
Questions
What about those adults who rediscover themselves and develop a different understanding of their lives due to life's changes and experiences?
Is it possible for an individual to change throughout life?
How can his theory be applicable to the changing environment of today?
References References http://www.alanchapman.com/erik_erikson_psychosocial_theory.htm
http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/erickson.shtml
http://childstudy.net/erikson.php
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/erikson.html
http://www.nndb.com/people/151/000097857/
http://www.nytimes.com/books/99/08/22/specials/erikson-obit.html
http://www.phillwebb.net/History/TwentiethCentury/Continental/Psychoanalysis/Erikson/Erickson.htm
http://www.nytimes.com/books/99/08/22/specials/erikson.html
http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1960/Erikson-Erik-1902-1994.htmlhttp://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1960/Erikson-Erik-1902-1994.html
Educational Psychology: Theory and PracticeEducational Psychology: Theory and Practice