Ergonomics Anthropometrics

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ErgonomicsAnthropometrics


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Ou tline

Anthropometrics

Measuring AnthropometricsStatic DimensionDynamic Dimension

Anthropometrics Data TablesDesign by Anthropometrics


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Lets Start with this


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O pen yo u r mind


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Anthrop-what? Anthropometry d eals with human bo d y

shape and

size. Anthropos (greek) = person, human beingM etron (greek) = measure, limit, extent Anthropometrics = measurement of people


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Meas u ring Anthropometrics

Transverse Plane Frontal Plane Sagittal Plane


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Meas u ring Anthropometrics

Two main points in measurement:

Static DimensionDynamic Dimension


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Static DimensionsD efinition: Measurements taken when thehuman bo d y is in a fixe d position, which typically involves stan d ing or sitting.Types

x Size: length, height, wi d th, thicknessx Distance between bo d y segment jointsx Weight, Volume, Density = mass/volumex Circumferencex Contour: ra d ius of curvaturex Centre of gravity x Clothe d vs. unclothe d d imensionsx Stan d ing vs. seate d d imensions


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Static Dimensions


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Static Dimension


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Static DimensionP alm d imension

Foot d imension


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Static DimensionH ea d Dimensions


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Static DimensionsStatic Dimensions

S tatic D imensions are relate d to an d vary withother factors, such as

AgeGend er

Ethnicity OccupationP ercentile within Specific P opulation GroupH istorical P erio d (d iet an d living con d itions)

S tatic D imensions are relate d to an d vary withother factors, such as

AgeGend er

Ethnicity OccupationP ercentile within Specific P opulation GroupH istorical P erio d (d iet an d living con d itions)


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Static DimensionsStatic Dimensions

AGE

Age (years)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

L engthsand

Heights

Anthropometry an d aging


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Dynamic DimensionD efinition: Measurements taken when the human

bo d y is engage d in some physical activity.Types: Static Dimensions (a d juste d for movement),Rotational Inertia, Ra d ius of Gyration


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Dynamic DimensionP rinciple 1 - Estimating

Conversion of Static Measures for Dynamic Situationsx e.g. d ynamic height = 97% of static heightx e.g. d ynamic arm reach = 120% of static arm length


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Dynamic DimensionP rinciple 2 - Integrating

The entire bo d y operates together to d etermine the value of a measurement parameter

x e.g. Arm Reach = arm length + shoul d er movement + partialtrunk rotation an d + some back ben d ing + han d movement


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Dynamic Dimension


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U seful Anthropometrics for Design

C learanceLeg room, hea d room, & access to confine d spaces

Reach

Designed

for 5th%ile, thus 95th%ile of users can reach furtherS trengthSimilar to reach, 95% are stronger than require d in d esign

P ostureComplex, limits may be impose d in multiple d irections,

e.g. Too high for a short person as ba d as too low for a tallperson


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C ommon uses of Anthropometric variables

Stan d ing eye height:Maximum height for visual d isplay = height of shortpersons eye height

Stan d ing elbow height:Maximum bench height for stan d ing work Delicate = higher

H igh force = lower


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C ommon uses of Anthropometric variables

Sitting elbow height:Arm rest heights & work surface heights

H ip brea d th:Minimum seat wi d th


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E rgonomic Design Principles

1. Designing for the Average

2. Designing for the Extremes

3. Designing for Adjustment

4. Designing for special purposes


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Ergonomic design stepsD ecide who you are designing for

first of all you need

to know exactly who you ared esigning for.The group of people you are d esigning for is calle d the user population .


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Ergonomic design stepsD ecide which body measurements arerelevant

You need to know which parts of the body arerelevant to your d esign


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Ergonomic design stepsD ecide whether you are designing for the'average' or extremes or adjustment

nobod y is 'average' in all bo d y d imensions. Someonemight be say, of average height but have a longer thanaverage han d length.You may use %ile concept


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Ergonomic design steps%ile concept


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Ergonomic design steps


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Ergonomic design steps

Add dimensional allowances for any clothing, equipment, safety precautions,and task performance

Think about other human factors


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Design for E veryoneDesign processes that consi d er human

variability will influence:Comfort / Musculoskeletal painComfort = pro d uctivity, visual & muscle fatigue

Ong (1984)P erformance / Usability

25% improvement in d ata-entry operatorsH ealth & Safety Short term: re d uce muscle action, i.e. fatigueLong term: sickness absence - back, neck pain,repetitive strain injuries.


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G ro u p Assignments I :

Ergonomics anthropometric assessment (using5W + 1 H )Design a pro d uct/tool for special population,

briefly d escribe what d imension can be use d for your d esign

Ergonomics Anthropometrics

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