Ergonomics Ankit Dangwal
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Transcript of Ergonomics Ankit Dangwal
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ERGONOMICS
ANKIT DANGWALROLL NO. 6
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Preview1. Meaning
2. Background
3. Definition4. Examples
5. Domains
6. Applications
7. Advantages
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Background
The term ergonomics is derived from the
Greek words ergon [work] and nomos [natural
laws] .
In the 19th century, Frederick Winslow Taylor
pioneered the "Scientific Management"
method, which proposed a way to find theoptimum method for carrying out a given task.
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Frank and Lillian Gilbreth expanded Taylor'smethods in the early 1900s to develop "Time
and Motion Studies". They aimed to improve
efficiency by eliminating unnecessary steps
and actions. By applying this approach, the
Gilbreths reduced the number of motions in
bricklaying from 18 to 4.5, allowing bricklayers
to increase their productivity from 120 to 350bricks per hour.
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As defined by IEA
Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific
discipline concerned with the understanding
of interactions among humans and other
elements of a system, & the profession that
applies theory, principles, data & methods to
design in order to optimize human well-being
& overall system performance.
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Ergonomics draws on many disciplines in its
study of humans and their environments,including anthropometry, biomechanics,mechanical engineering, industrialengineering, industrial design, physiology and
psychology. To assess the fit between a person and the
used technology, ergonomists consider the jobbeing done and the demands on the user; theequipment used (its size, shape, and howappropriate it is for the task), and theinformation used.
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Examples
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2. Cognitiveergonomics: is concerned with
mental processes, such as perception,
memory, reasoning, and motor response, as
they affect interactions among humans and
other elements of a system. (Relevant topicsinclude mental workload, decision-making,
skilled performance, human-computer
interaction, human reliability, work stress and
training as these may relate to human-system
and Human-Computer Interaction design)
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3. Organizationalergonomics: is concerned with
the optimization of socio technical systems,
including their organizational structures,
policies, and processes.(Relevant topics
include communication, crew resourcemanagement, work design, design of working
times, teamwork, participatory design,
community ergonomics, cooperative work,new work programs, virtual organizations,
telework, & quality management.
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Applications
1.Human factors engineering continues to besuccessfully applied in the fields ofaerospace, aging, health care, IT, product
design, transportation, training, nuclear andvirtual environments, etc.
2. Physical ergonomics is important in themedical field, particularly to those diagnosed
with physiological ailments or disorders suchas arthritis (both chronic and temporary) orcarpal tunnel syndrome.
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3. Many ergonomically designed products are alsoused or recommended to treat or prevent suchdisorders, and to treat pressure-related chronicpain.
4. Ergonomics can help reduce costs by improvingsafety. This would decrease the money paid outin workers compensation. For example, over fivemillion workers sustain overextension injuries peryear. Through ergonomics, workplaces can bedesigned so that workers do not have tooverextend themselves and the manufacturingindustry could save billions in workerscompensation.
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Advantages
1. Healthier & fitter employees.
2. Higher productivity.
3. Lower absenteeism.
4. Lower cost to companies.
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Thank You