Ergonomics Ergonomics Is the study of how the human form Is the study of how the human form moves at work and at play. moves at work and at play. Ergonomics must be takenErgonomics must be takeninto account when products are being into account when products are being designed, because if the human user designed, because if the human user is not comfortable when moving is not comfortable when moving naturally to use the product, or is not naturally to use the product, or is not comfortable in his/her mind when comfortable in his/her mind when using the product, then they will not using the product, then they will not buy or use the product.buy or use the product.

Ergonomic consideration you Ergonomic consideration you need to take account of are:need to take account of are:

What human physiology interaction What human physiology interaction is involved with this product? is involved with this product?

What human psychological behaviour What human psychological behaviour and attitudes could have an affect on and attitudes could have an affect on the product? the product?

What anthropometric sizes have an What anthropometric sizes have an affect on the design of this product? affect on the design of this product?

PhysiologyPhysiology The science of the process of life in The science of the process of life in

nature, i.e. how the human muscles nature, i.e. how the human muscles and skeleton moves naturally. and skeleton moves naturally.

PsychologyPsychology The science of human thought: study The science of human thought: study

of the mind and behaviour: attitudes of the mind and behaviour: attitudes etc., characteristics of individual, etc., characteristics of individual, type, etc., or animating specific type, etc., or animating specific conduct. conduct.

Anthropometric dataAnthropometric data Scientists have measured the full Scientists have measured the full

range of human bodies and have range of human bodies and have included this statistical information included this statistical information gathered on human sizes in data gathered on human sizes in data charts. The design term for this is charts. The design term for this is called anthropometric data. called anthropometric data.

AestheticsAesthetics This is the appreciation of beauty in This is the appreciation of beauty in

the eyes of the beholder. Shape, the eyes of the beholder. Shape, proportion, colour, texture and proportion, colour, texture and pattern are topics that influence pattern are topics that influence beauty. beauty.

Design BriefDesign Brief An initial statement describing a An initial statement describing a

design problem, situation or need for design problem, situation or need for a new product a new product

Design specificationDesign specification A detailed list of performance to be A detailed list of performance to be

achieved by the solution of the achieved by the solution of the design problem design problem

What it must achieveWhat it must achieve

SynthesisSynthesis Putting together, making a whole out Putting together, making a whole out

of the parts: combination of separate of the parts: combination of separate elements of the partselements of the parts

Thought in a whole with reasoning to Thought in a whole with reasoning to reach a conclusion. reach a conclusion.

BrainstormingBrainstorming recording random ideas as thoughts recording random ideas as thoughts

occur, usually in group discussions. occur, usually in group discussions.

CAD CADDCAD CADD Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Design and

DraughtingDraughtingA CADD system may be regarded as a tool which allows designers to input design criteria such as sizes of components and tolerances. Standard components can be inserted from software libraries into designs. The behaviour of designs can be simulated and modifications can be made relatively easily by manipulating the stored images. Professionals, such as designers, engineers and architects, whose work involves draughting skills, have improved their productivity using computer-aided design.

CADAMCADAM Computer Aided Design And Computer Aided Design And

Manufacture Manufacture Robotics Robotics AutomationAutomation

Product EvaluationProduct Evaluation An in depth evaluation, reporting on An in depth evaluation, reporting on

the positive and negative aspects of the positive and negative aspects of the product. the product.

AestheticsErgonomics Fitness for purpose ( function ) Materials Maintenance Running costsDurability Value for money Environment Target market

PrototypePrototype A fully crafted solution to a product A fully crafted solution to a product

design, which can then be evaluated design, which can then be evaluated and developed further if necessary.and developed further if necessary.THE LAST STAGE TO BUILD A FULL WORKING MODEL OF THE SOLUTIONATTEMPTS TO BE AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE SOLUTIONIT IS A ONE OFFIT IS USED FOR FINAL TESTING ie ERGONOMICS AESTHETICSIF THE DESIGNER AND CLIENT ARE SATISFIED THEN A MANUFACTURING BASE IS SET UP TO PRODUCE THE PRODUCT

ModellingModelling A 3D illustration of a design concept A 3D illustration of a design concept

or a component of a concept.or a component of a concept.

SCALE MODELSIMULATE MATERIALSPROTO TYPEPRESENTATION MODELDISCUSS WITH DESIGNERCADCHANGES CAN BE MADE AT EARLY STAGE

Full RealisationFull Realisation Complete manufacture of a 3-Complete manufacture of a 3-

Dimensional product Dimensional product

RenderingRendering The adding of tone or colour to a The adding of tone or colour to a

drawing to make it more realistic. drawing to make it more realistic. Giving depth and lifeGiving depth and life

Working drawingsWorking drawings Drawings/sketches which contain all Drawings/sketches which contain all

the information required to. enable the information required to. enable prototypes to be manufactured. prototypes to be manufactured. (Your working drawings are the (Your working drawings are the orthographic drawings, final design orthographic drawings, final design and exploded view )and exploded view )

FashionFashion Is the current creative design trend, Is the current creative design trend,

that is imposed by those whose lead that is imposed by those whose lead is accepted by the Population at this is accepted by the Population at this moment in time. moment in time.

StyleStyle is particular types of design which is particular types of design which

are persistently regarded by the are persistently regarded by the majority of the population as being majority of the population as being good taste. good taste.

FormForm relates to the 3Dimension final appearance relates to the 3Dimension final appearance

of a product. of a product. Example 1. Example 1. At the Bauhaus School of At the Bauhaus School of

Design they believed that a final product Design they believed that a final product should be based on the function of the should be based on the function of the object and have minimum extra decoration. object and have minimum extra decoration.

Example 2. Example 2. Some designers use geometric Some designers use geometric forms, other designers use natural forms to forms, other designers use natural forms to help create the overall form of the product. help create the overall form of the product.

Technological advancesTechnological advances the development of new materials, the development of new materials,

manufacturing techniques and manufacturing techniques and devices, such as the microprocessor, devices, such as the microprocessor, carbon-fibre, Goretex material etc. carbon-fibre, Goretex material etc.

Popliteal heightPopliteal height an anthropometric term of an anthropometric term of

measurement from the ground to the measurement from the ground to the back of the knee. back of the knee.

Lateral thinkingLateral thinking this is when you create lots of this is when you create lots of

different concept ideas, which you different concept ideas, which you think can be usedthink can be used

to solve the same problem. These to solve the same problem. These ideas need then to be evaluated ideas need then to be evaluated against the design specification, to against the design specification, to see if they are appropriate. see if they are appropriate.

Mind mappingMind mapping this is a method of brainstorming this is a method of brainstorming

where design factors branches out where design factors branches out like a tree, in the like a tree, in the

form of a bubble chart. You need to form of a bubble chart. You need to consider all the design factors, which consider all the design factors, which you analyse, and break this down you analyse, and break this down into their component parts. into their component parts.

Metomorphological Metomorphological analysisanalysis

Is a designing technique where you Is a designing technique where you break down a product into parts, break down a product into parts, then producing a range of design then producing a range of design ideas for each part, then combining ideas for each part, then combining the best part ideas into an original the best part ideas into an original and and

innovative final design.innovative final design.

Metomorphological Metomorphological AnalysisAnalysisEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

Select one suggestion from each column at random and then draw a concept sketch for example a table. The Select one suggestion from each column at random and then draw a concept sketch for example a table. The legs could be cylindrical and made from oak, the top could be triangular and made from sheet steel.legs could be cylindrical and made from oak, the top could be triangular and made from sheet steel.

Leg shapeLeg shape Leg materialLeg material Top shapeTop shape Top materialTop material Cylinder Cylinder Steel tubeSteel tube CircleCircle AcrylicAcrylic

Like human leg Like human leg OakOak TriangleTriangle PlywoodPlywood

Square section Square section Cast aluminumCast aluminum BiomorphicBiomorphic Steel sheet Steel sheet