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hEnergy Meters
Energy meters are the most important part of the electrical system. The revenue of the utilities is dependent on the accuracy of energy meters. The Government of India has decided to install meters in all the consumers’ premises. In view of this, it is very important to check the quality and reliability of energy meters so that their performance is satisfactory and bill electricity accurately. Earlier electro-mechanical meters having accuracy of class 1.0 and 2.0 were used and with the advancement of technology, static energy meters having accuracy class 1.0, 0.5 and 0.2 are available in the market. ERDA has complete type test facilities for testing energy meters as per Indian and International Standards. ERDA can also calibrate 0.05 class reference energy meters using a 0.02 class reference energy meter.
Fully automatic test bench upto 120A with a reference energy meter of class 0.01
1 AC Induction Watt-hour Meters, Class 0.5, 1&2IS:13010, IEC:62052-11,IEC:62053-11
2 AC Static Watt-hour Meters Class 1&2IS:13779, IEC:62052-11,IEC:62053-21
3AC Static CT operated Electrical Energy Meters(Trivector meters)
IS:14697
4 AC Static Watt-hour meters Class 0.5 & 0.2 for active energy IEC:62052-11, IEC:62053-22
5 AC static meters for reactive energy class 2&3 IEC:62053:23
6 Manual on standardizationCBIP PublicationNo. 304 & 88
The tests for insulation, accuracy, electrical, EMI / EMC, mechanical (as per customer’s requirement and climatic requirement, electrical and thermal properties are performed as per IS:13010 and IS:13779. Endurance, impulse, climatic, vibration, shock, harmonic and ingress rotection testing ensures the reliability of the energy meter. ERDA has a reference standard meter of class 0.02 and a fully automatic test bench with a reference meter of class 0.02. EMI/EMC Test Facility ERDA has test facilities mainly for static electrical energy meters (1φ and 3φ). This laboratory provides testing and certification facilities under the head “Tests for Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility”. The tests are carried out according to CBIP Technical Report No. 88, IS:13779, IS:14697
and IEC-62052-11. The facility provides following tests:
1 Test of immunity to Electrostatic Discharge IEC:61000-4-2
2 Test of immunity to Electromagnetic HF fields IEC:61000-4-3
3 Fast transient burst test IEC:61000-4-3
4 Radio Interference measurementCISPR-14,CISPR-22,CISPR-11
5 Immunity to conducted disturbances induced by frequency field IEC:61000-4-6
The facility is useful for energy meter manufacturers and users. Testing of Components The following components of energy meters can also be tested as per relevant standards.
1 Winding wires – enamelled copper wires IS:13730, IS:13778-1-6
2 Electromagnetic core (CRNGO)IS:648, IS:649, IEC:60404-2,ASTM:A343, A717, A718
3 Frame die cast aluminium IS:617
4 Pinions – leaded brass/Synthetic materials IS:4253-1-2, IS:2221
5 Counter frame – brass sheet IS:410
6 Counter frame - Al sheet IS:2657 Sup. by 1608-1995
7 Terminals – plated brass IS:410, 3168
8 Gaskets synthetic rubber IS:4253
9 Plastics IS:4253, 2221, 882
Calibration Calibration of reference standards upto class 0.02 is undertaken at ERDA. ERDA carries out calibration of 0.05 class meters at site also.
Infrastructure Some of the related test facilities include:
• Fully automatic test bench upto 120A with a reference energy meter of class 0.01• Solid-state substandard energy meter calibrator class 0.02, 3 phase static phantom source upto 100 Amps, stability 0.05%.• Fully automatic test bench upto 120 A with a reference energy meter of class 0.02• Temperature rise test bench• Life test bench• Short time overcurrent test facility• Test facilities for Influence quantities• Glow wire test apparatus• Vibration test apparatus• Shock test apparatus• IP 51 facility• Cold cabinet (-40oC)• Ovens• Humidity chamber• Impulse test facility• Non-flammability test apparatus• Harmonic test facility• EMI/EMC Test facility
Recognition ERDA’s facility for Energy Meter is accredited by NABL, Govt. of India and BIS for its marking scheme. Electrical Inspectorate of Gujarat and other Electricity Boards have recognized the facilities. Services ERDA also provides technical services like condition monitoring, failure analysis, RLA, third party inspection, developmental testing and Technical Information Services. Consultancy for carrying out improvement in the design and quality of energy meters. Development of test equipments like impulse generators, voltage dips and interruptions setup, short time overcurrent setup, 3rd and 5th harmonic generators surge testing generators and so on R&D Projects Study of the effects of harmonics, voltage variation and frequency variation on the performance of energy meters.
Evaluation of Batches ERDA carries out evaluation of the batch of energy meters for electricity boards tender samples and grades them according to their quality.
TransformersTransformers are important component of power systems, and are expected to find increased demand with thrust on infrastructure development. Instrument Transformers (CTs and PTs) have wide application in metering and protecting power systems. Indigenously manufactured distribution transformers have a wide range of ratings. At ERDA transformers from 5 kVA to 2000 kVA (at ERDA) and upto 200 MVA/220 kV (at site) can be tested. Transformers are an important part of ERDA’s testing facilities and R&D activities.
Test Facilities The establishment offers facilities for testing of raw materials, components, transformer and also its condition monitoring. Products
1 Distribution Transformer ANSI-C-57, IS:2026, IS:1180
2 Power Transformer IS:2026, IEC:60076
3 Current Transformer IS:2705, IEC:60044-1
4Potential TransformerInductive Voltage Transformer
IS:3156, IEC:60044-2
5 Continuously variable voltage auto transformers IS:5142, IEC: 60989-1
6 Dry type transformer ANSI/IEEE C 57.12.91, IS: 11171
7 Reactor IS: 5553-1990
Components
1 Transformer IS:3024, IEC:60404-2
2 Paper covered copper conductors IS:7404, IEC:60488
3 Paper covered Al. Conductors IS:6162, IS:1363
4 High voltage bushings IS:2099, IEC: 60137
5 Insulators IS:731, IEC: 383
6 High voltage isolators upto 245 kV IS:9921, IEC:60129
Condition Monitoring
1Capacitance and tan δ measurement- Transformers- Bushings
ANSI-C-57, IS:2099
2On-line Partial Discharge measurements by Acoustic Emission
IEEE:C57-127-2000
3 Dissolved Gas Analysis IS:10573, IS:9434
4Transformer Oil- New Oil- Old Oil
IS: 335IS:12463IS: 1866
5 Furan Content IEC:61198
6 Degree of Polymerisation of paper IEC:60450
Field Studies Related to transformers, ERDA offers following field studies and measurements:
Condition monitoring by capacitance and Tan Delta measurements
Measurement of no load and load loss at site
Harmonic measurements of magnetizing current
Partial Discharge measurement
Failure Analysis
Error Measurement
DIRANA / DOMINO USS (For paper moisture determination)
Frequency Response Analysis
Third party testing using calibrated instruments
Calibration of CT’s and PT’s
Testing of CT’s and PT’s
Noise level measurement
Online condition monitoring by acoustic emission method
Infrastructure The major facilities include:
Routine and type testing facilities for Transformer upto 2000 kVA/33 kV
Lightning impulse voltage test facility upto 1600 kV, 80 kJ for Transformers upto 100 MVA, 220 kV
Wideband partial discharge bridge and Balance Detector, Biddle, USA with Faraday Cage
Condition monitoring by capacitance and loss angle measurement by Automatic C & tan δ test set (Tettex, Switzerland & Doble, USA)
Short Circuit tests on Distribution transformer 11 kV, 1600 kVA and upto 22 kV or 33 kV and 500 kVA
Short circuit tests on LT switchgear upto 50 kA, 1 sec. and 40 kA, 3 sec. at 525 V / 250V.
Type test facilities for potential transformers upto class 0.2, 66 kV
Type test facilities for current transformer upto class 0.1, 4500 A.
Automatic microprocessor based error measuring test sets
Measurement of harmonics (ZEWS ZIMMER, Japan).
Loss measurement by using 0.1 class CT’s & PT’s and digital power meter of : Yokogawa make
Dissolved Gas Analysis (Netel, Agiland)
Furan Analysis on HPLC (Shimadzu, Japan)
Epstein test frame for core loss measurement
Hysterisis graph plotter
Franklin Insulation Tester
Acoustic emission test set for online P.D measurement
Calibration Calibration of CTs and PTs of class 0.2 for various ranges is also undertaken at site and at ERDA laboratory at Vadodara. R&D Activities Areas of work related to transformers include:
Development of prototype hydrogen gas sensor
Impulse breakdown studies on transformer oil
Residual life assessment of transformer
Heat transfer studies on radiators
Acoustic emission detection technique for discharge detection and location
Accelerated ageing tests on distribution transformers to assess the insulation life
Transformer OilLiquid dielectrics form an important part of insulating systems in electrical equipment. One of its important uses is in transformers, where mineral oil is used. It acts as an insulating and heat transfer medium. It is also an arc-quenching medium for power and distribution electrical equipment like switchgears, transformers and capacitors. ERDA’s facilities include a complete setup for testing and condition monitoring of transformer oil. All activities from sample collection to analysis and consultancy are covered here. Testing & Analytical Services The condition of transformer oil has to be well monitored through routine testing & DGA. The tests covered in the national standards fall into the categories of evaluation, quality, reliability studies and life expectancy of transformer. The following Indian Standards are currently followed for routine tests:
1 New Oil IS:335, IS: 12463
2 Oil in Service IS:1866
Special Tests
PNA Analysis
Gas content analysis
Viscosity index test
Aromatic content determination
Dissolved Gas Analysis
Furan measurement
DP measurement
Gassing tendency of insulating oil
Compatibility of solid insulating materials with oil
Technical Services
Third party inspection
Witness testing
Certification
Consultancy
Testing & Analytical Services
Sampling of oil from transformer
Infrastructure
Gas Chromatograph with Toepler pump
Oxidation stability test set up
FT-IR spectrophotometer
Resistivity and tan delta bridge
Liquid Chromatograph
Rotating Bomb
R&D activities Developmental work has always gone hand in hand with testing activities at ERDA. Some projects undertaken include the following:
Evaluation of super absorbent for transformer oil reconditioning
Field trial of Thermosyphon in Power Transformers in GEB grid
Development of demonstration model of transformer oil reconditioning plant for rural areas.
Residual life assessment of power transformer by laboratory simulated studies
Development of prototype Thermosyphon for Power Transformer
High Voltage Impulse TestingA wide range of electrical equipment, apparatus and components are used in transmission and distribution network of electrical power. Equipment like transformers, reactors, instrument transformers, bushings, insulators, lightning arresters and isolators of different ratings are manufactured in India. ERDA has equipped itself to undertake high voltage impulse testing on such equipment (rating upto 400 kV) as per Indian and International standards. Infrastructure
AT MAKARPURA AT SAVLI
Impulse Voltage Generator1200 kVp (60 kJ)800 kVp (40 kJ)
1600 kVp (80 kJ)
Impulse Voltage Divider1200 kVp800 kVp300 kVp
1600 kVp
H. V. A. C. Transformer 600 kVrms 700 kV
Multiple Chopping Gap 1200 kVp 1600 kVp
Low Resistance Non Inductive Shunts 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 Ω 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 Ω
Digital Impulse Analyzer System12 Bit Nicolet with software
14 Bit MIAS – High Volt
PD/RIV MeasurementsPD / RIV Measuring Instrument
PD / RIV Measuring Instrument
Sphere gaps 500 mm sphere gap 750 mm sphere gap
Infrastructure facilities for bringing large trailer loaded apparatus to the testing lab, arrangement for lifting and mounting of bushings, conservator tank and provision for installing oil filtration facility also exist. Equipment that can be tested includes:
1 Power TransformerIS:2026IEC:60076-3IEEE:C-57.98
2 Current Transformer IS: 2705
IEEE:C.57.13-1993IEC:60044-1
3 Voltage Transformers (including CVT)IS:3156IEEE:C.57.13-1993IEC:60044-2
4 High Voltage BushingsIS:2099IEC:60137
5 Insulator upto 400 kV (Tension & Suspension)IS:731IEC:60383
6 High Voltage isolators upto 400 kVIS:9921IEC:60129
7 HV Switchboard IEC:62271-100
8 HV Outdoor breakers upto 400 kVIEC:62271-100IS:13118
9 Lightning arresters and ZnO blocksIS:3070IEC: 60099-4
10 High voltage cablesIS: 7098IS:1554-2IEC:60502
11 ReactorsIS:5553IEC: 60289
12 Transformer oilIS:335IS:1866IEC:60897
13 Capacitors (HT) IS:13925
14Rotating machine stator coils for impulse, switching surge and steep front wave
IEC:60688-I
15 Line Trap IEC-60353
ERDA provides facilities for type, developmental and certification testing of these equipment and also calibration of impulse voltage & AC, DC voltage at site.
TESTS
HV Lightning Impulse test
HV Switching Impulse test
HV Dry / Wet Power frequency test
Capacitance and Tan delta measurement
Partial discharge measurement
Insulation Resistance / Polarization index
Losses and Temperature rise tests
RIV, Corona measurement
HV Calibration, CT/PT Calibration
Measurement of Earthing system
Voltage Distribution Test on String Insulators
Recovery Voltage / Acoustic emission tests
RLA / Condition Monitoring at site
HV AC/DC & Impulse Calibration at site
Calibration of Impulse test system at site
R&D Activities Studies in the area of impact of high voltage on equipment and their components are undertaken. These include –
Power system grounding
Online condition monitoring of lightning arresters
Failure analysis of transformer during impulse test
On line condition monitoring of insulators
Ongoing work includes
Study the Effect of corona ring on polymer insulators
Studies on polymer insulators
Design of earthing grid for power stations
Accelerated aging test on metal oxide blocks
Aging studies on polymeric housing lightning arresters
The HV impulse testing, Short Circuit testing facility, along with the insulating materials testing facilities at ERDA provide a complete set of facilities for testing some of the important electrical equipment.
Switchgear & ControlgearA wide range of electrical equipment such as Power transformers, Current transformers & Cables are used in transmission and distribution network of electrical power. The Control and protection equipment like switchgear and controlgear are important components of power distribution systems. The conformance of these products to standards / specifications is crucial for the reliability and safety of electrical equipment. ERDA has complete facilities for testing and evaluation of products likes Power transformers, CTs, Cables, ACBs, HRC fuses, MCBs, MCCBs, RCCBs, Contactors, Starters, Switchfuse units and cables, LT Panels, Switchboards, Distribution boards etc. ERDA is one of India’s premier Testing Laboratories accredited by Intertek (ASTA), UK for Type tests and certification of various electrical products. The products covered under this accreditation are listed below. ERDA Switchgear test laboratory is also accredited by National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL), Govt. of India and recognized by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). ERDA has recently established temperature-rise test facilities up to 20kA, Time-current characteristics up to 40kA, Electrical endurance test up to 2.5kA at 690V, Mechanical endurance test for HT Circuit Breaker up to 145kV, 24kV Impulse Generator, and Feeder load unit (3 nos.). ERDA has one of the largest IP 40 ton test facilities in Asia The facilities are also utilised for testing as per UL and CSA standards for export of electrical products conforming to the requirements of these standards. ERDA has also established an ‘Online Short Circuit Testing Laboratory’ for 120 kA, 575 V at Savli and 50 kA, 500V at Makarpura. Test facilities for the following products have been covered under ASTA BEAB accreditation.
Sl. Product Standard
1 Switchgear and Controlgear Assemblies IEC: 61439-1&2
2 LV Switchgear and Controlgear Assemblies – Busways IEC: 60439-2
3 LV Switchgear and Controlgear Assemblies – Distribution boards IEC: 60439-3
4 Circuit breakers (ACBs/MCCBs) IEC 60947-2
5 Switches/ Disconnectors/SFU/ SDF IEC:60947-3
6 Contactors and Motor Starters IEC:60947-4-I
7 Electromechanical control circuit devices IEC 60947-5-1
8 Terminal Blocks IEC 60947-7-1
9 Low Voltage fusesIEC 60269-1IEC 60269-2
10 MCBs IEC: 60898-1
11 RCCB’s IEC:61008-1
12 RCBO’s IEC 61009-1
13 Power transformers (upto 33 kV, 4000 kVA - 11 kV, 1600 kVA)IEC 60076-1IEC 60076-2IEC 60076-11
14 Instrument Current transformers (upto 3500 A) IEC 60044-1
15 Power cables (upto 36 kV) IEC 60502-2
16 PVC cables General requirement (upto 36 kV) IEC 60227-1,2,3,5
17 Rubber insulated cables General requirements IEC 60245-1,2,3,5
Facilities recognized for CE Marking and EMI / EMC testing
Sl. Type of Test Standard
1 Electrostatic discharge immunity test IEC:61000-4-2
2 Radiated radio frequency electromagnetic field immunity test IEC-61000-4-3
3 Electrical fast transient / burst immunity test IEC:61000-4-4
4 Surge immunity test IEC:61000-4-5
5 Conducted radio frequency immunity test IEC:61000-4-6
6 Radio interference / Disturbance measurement
EN-55022CISPR-22CISPR-14CISPR-11
Infrastructure The test facilities include:
Short circuit making & breaking capacities –120 kA, 575V and & 50 kA, 500 V for LV Switchgerar
Short time withstand current test – 120 kA for 1 second or 70 kA for 3 second at Savli and 50 kA for 1 Sec, at Makarpura
20kA & 10kA, 10V stabilized High
Current source for temperature rise test
Time current characteristics up to 40kA, 40V
170 Channels computerized temperature scanner
Electrical endurance and Making & Breaking setup,
4 kA at 415V, - 1 No.
2 kA at 690V, - 1 No.
1 kA at 415V, - 3 Nos.
200A at 415V – 2 Nos.
24kV, 1.2/50µs Impulse generator
Impulse Test – 1600 kV, 80KJ
High Voltage one minute power frequency test – dry & wet – 750kV
Ring wave cum current surge generator
Current surge - 3000A, 8/20 μsec
Ring wave - 250A,0.5 μsec 100 kHz
Computerized Single phase & Three Phase Relay testing kit
Feeder load unit – 3Nos.( Each of 8 ways outgoing feeder)
Environment chamber: - 40°C to +180°C Size: 950 mm x 1000 mm x 950 mm.
Cold chamber : - 65°C Size : 580mm x 550x 1120 mm
Mechanical endurance test set up for HT circuit breaker up to 145 kV
IP test ( Degree of Protection ): 40 Tonne Size: 6.8 Mtr x 5.8 Mtr. x 5.0 Mtr.
WITNESS TESTS ERDA can witness tests on HV circuit breakers for mechanical endurance, temperature rise test, dielectric tests at manufacturer’s premises. ERDA can also witness tests on transformers at manufacturer premises.
Motors
Manufacturing process in cement, fertilizer, steels textile, paper and agricultural industry etc.,runs on rotating electrical machines. Approximately 50% of the electrical energy used in India is by industries, 40% by agriculture and the balance for residential and other requirements. It is however noteworthy that irrespective of whether the electrical energy is utilized in households, transport or industry rotating electrical machines play a very important role. The most widely used rotating electrical machine is the induction motor, well known for its simple and robust construction, rugged operation and low cost. The modern drive system, used in several process industries, comprise of motors and power electronic controllers with wide range of operating speeds and torques.
Considering the above, it is necessary to evaluate the performance and verify the design of each variety of motors through type testing as per relevant Indian and International standards.
Testing Facilities
The following products can be tested at ERDA.
1.Three phase induction motor- upto 30 hp
IS:325IEC:60034-1
2.Lift motors- upto 30 hp
IS:8151
3.Three phase induction motor for agricultural purpose- upto 30 hp
IS:7538
4.Energy efficient induction motor- upto 30 hp
IS:12615IEEMA 19
5.Single phase AC and universal Motors – upto 5 hp
IS: 996
6. Submersible motors- upto 60 hp IS:9283
7. Increased safety motors IS:6381
8.DC motors- upto 5 hp
IS:4722IEC:60034-1
9.Small single phase motors for agricul-ural purposes – upt 30 hp
IS:14582
10. Eddy current drives As per client’s requirements
11.AC generators used with IC engines - upto 20 kVA
IS:13364-Pt.1
12.Degree of Protec-tion (IP) on rotating electrical machines
IS:4691IEC:60034-5
On Site Test Facilities
Current signature analysis
Motor circuit analysis
Acoustic analysis
Online partial discharge measurement
Vibration analysis
HP rating evaluation
Load cycle measurement of motor
Transient measurement of HT motors and alternators
Harmonic measurement at motor installations
Capacitance and Tan delta measurement of HT motors/alternators
Failure investigation of single and three phase Induction motors
Starting current measurement of motor
Residual life assessment of motors
Infrastructure
Digital precision grade Power Meters (basic accuracy :0.1%)
Torque transducers
Eddy current Drive – 1 HP, 7.5 HP, 15 HP and 30 HP
Speed Torque characteristics of Motors
Vibration & Noise measurement of Rotating Electric Machines
Test setup for FHP Motor
Digital storage Oscilloscope
Load Cell
Proximity sensor for speed measurement
Short circuit testing of terminal boxes – 120 kA for 1 sec.
Digital Tachometer
IP Chamber-40 tons; Size 5.8x6.8x4.5 m
Sound level Meter
Additional Test facilities
ERDA also has complete type test facilities for testing of various types of pumps such as Centrifugal pumps, Submersible pumps, Self priming pumps, Jet pumps, Monosets as per relevant Indian Standards. ERDA also has type test facilities for testing of flameproof enclosures as per IS 2148 except for flame proofness and explosion proof test. ERDA has complete type test facilities for testing of IC engines as per relevant Indian standards. R&D Activities
Developmental work on related topics include:
Development of 3 phase Hysteresis motor
Study of grid abnormality on Wind Turbine driven Induction Generator performance
Comparative study of indigenous and imported Energy Efficient motors
Design of Energy efficient Submersible motor
Online condition monitoring on Induction motor through stator current
Design verification of Induction motors through computer software
Development of motor current signature analysis instrumentation for online condition monitoring of motors