Equipment protection

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Risk of electrical surges

Lightning and surge protectionElectrical and electronic equipment is indispensable in the daily activities of today’s businesses and individuals. Such devices are connected to the electricity grid, often exchanging data and signals through communication lines and are usually sensitive to disturbances.These interconnecting networks provide a propagation path for overvoltages.

Protection against lightning and overvoltages not only ensures the safety of people, goods and equipment, but also ensures continuity of installation services and meet criteria of energy efficiency.

Overvoltage protection extends the life of the equipment by more than 20%, which significantly reduces the volume of electronic waste. It also reduces the power consumption of the installations, all of which translates into cost savings and environmental sustainability.

Transient voltage surges in LV power lines

Transient overvoltages are voltage surges that can reach tens of kilovolts with a duration of the order of microseconds.

Despite their short duration, the high energy content can cause serious problems to equipment connected to the line, from premature aging to destruction, causing disruptions to service and financial loss.

This type of surge can have various different causes, including atmospheric lightning directly striking the external protection (lightning rods) on a building or transmission line or the associated induction of electromagnetic fields on metallic conductors. Outdoor and longer lines are the most exposed to these fields, which often receive high levels of induction.

It is also common for non-weather phenomena, such as transformer centre switching or the disconnection of motors or other inductive loads to cause voltage spikes in adjacent lines.

The protector will discharge excess energy to earth, thus limiting the peak voltage to a value acceptable for the electrical equipment connected.reduces the power consumption of the installations, all of which translates into cost savings and environmental sustainability.

5.000.000Lightning

strikes per day

30kAAverage current

of a lightningstrike

61%Electrical damages

caused bysurges

U(V)

4000

3500

3000

2000

1000

500

0

-500

1000

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 t(ms)

1ms max.

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The importance of the ground connection

A ground in proper conditions is therefore an aspect not to overlook when it comes to effective surge protection. Continuously monitoring the state of the ground connection ensures proper operation of surge protection devices.

Implemententing the protection to IEC 61643-1

Protection parameters acc. to IEC 61643-1

IimpImpulse currentPeak current with 10/350µs waveform which the protection device can withstand without reaching end of life.

ImaxMaximum discharge currentPeak current with 8/20µs waveform which the protection device can withstand without reaching end of life.

InNominal currentPeak current in 8/20µs waveform the protection device can withstand 20 times without reaching end of life.

UpVoltage protection levelMaximum residual voltage between the terminals of the protection device during the application of a peak current

UcMaximum continuous operating voltageMaximum effective voltage that can be applied permanently to the terminals of the protection device.

UocOpen circuit voltage (combined voltage pulse)This parameter is used only for the Class III test and is applicable to a Type 3 SPD. It consists of the injection of a combination wave (1.2/50µs in open circuit - 8/20µs in short circuit).

IfiFollow current extinction capabilityThis parameter is only devoted to surge protectors using “air gap” technology. Once they have “switched”, these surge protectors conduct part of the network current (follow current) and need to interrupt it.

equipment

SPD

PE

Operating principle of an SPD

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XThe actual exposure of an installation depends on the combination of 3 basic criteria: (1) electrical service system, (2) external (and internal) switching of loads and (3) lightning strike density (isokeraunic level).

• Factors (1) and (2) generate three possible situations:

- Direct impact exposure of an installation fitted with external lightning protection system or close to a tower or element susceptible to receive a strike.

- High exposure of an installation fed by long overhead service lines or situated in large industrial or commercial premisses.

- Medium exposure of installations with an underground service and not subject to switchings of industrial loads in the vicinity.

• Factor (3), the isokeraunic level of a certain country.

When selecting an SPD, several points must be considered:

• Network topology: TNS, TNC, TT, IT, DC PhotoVoltaic and No of conductors.

• Nominal voltage rating (Un) of the supply. Both features will condition the maximum continuous operating voltage (Uc) as the IEC standard 60364-5-534 sets the minimum allowed value of Uc depending on the system configuration, taking into account a safety margin of the device above the nominal voltage.

• Voltage withstand rating (Ue) of the equipment in the installation.The protection device should be selected so that the voltage protection level (Up) is compatible with (lower than) the value of Ue. IEC standard 60364-4-443 classifies equipment into four categories, based on the impulse voltage they are capable of withstanding. (See table on next page).

• Exposure of the installation to atmospheric and nonweather phenomena.

Exposure ratings

I

SPD

PROTECTED

EQUIPMENT

Up

Up < Ue

Ue

I: peak currentUp: voltage protection level. residual voltage at In.Ue: impulse voltage the equipment can withstand

Map by NASA Lightning Team

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Protection system of coordinated stages: Type 1, Type 1+2 and Type 2 SPDs

The SPDs of a surge protection system must be able to withstand the discharged current and provide a Ures level (residual voltage) lower than the Ue peak voltage that the equipment can withstand.

Most of the times it is not possible to achieve this with just one SPD, especially because the intensity of the surge is not known, and because of the induction of overvoltages when conductors exceed 10m.

The optimal system of protection is the STEP approach, in which successive stages are combined in the performance of high discharge capacity devices and devices with an optimal voltage protection level (low). This is addressed by the definition of “Types” or “Classes” of SPDs according to the type of transient pulses to which each protected zone in the installation is subject to.

SurgeGuard range overview

Main switch board Distribution board Final sub-circuits

Overvoltage categoryIEC 60364-4-443

IV III II I

Overvoltage withstand(Ue) values for equipment at 230/400V

6kV 4kV 2,5kV 1,5kV

EN/IEC 61643-11/1 Type 1 / Class I Type 1+2 / Class I+II Type 2 / Class II

Definition

Designed for use in incoming pow-er supply panels where the risk of lightning strike is high, in particu-lar in buildings with an external lightning protection system. Must be accompanied by downstream Class II protectors.

Designed for use in distribution panels located downstream of class I protectors or in incoming power supply panels in areas with low exposure to lightning strikes, where the building is not fitted with an external LPS.

Always installed downstream of a Class II protection designed to protect sensitive equipment or equipment located more than 20mdownstream of theClass II SPD.

Class test to EN/IEC 61643-11/1 10/350µs waveform, Class I test.Combined 10/350µs + 8/20µs wave-

form, Class I test.8/20µs waveform Class II test.

SurgeDirect impact of a lightning strike

(current).

Indirect impact of a ligthning strike on the distribution line (overhead lines) or its vicinity (rise of ground potential or induction by coupling of electromagnetic radiation of the strike) or in the event of a switching.

Indirect impact simulated by the cur-rent and voltage that can reach the long-distance circuits and individual

equipment to be protected.

Discharge capacity (Iimp, Imax) High Medium Low

Voltage protection level (Up) √ (Coarse) √ √ (Fine) √ √ √ (fine)

GE SPDs series SA BLOCK I KGP SA T1+2 KGP SA T2

KGM SA T2

SurgeGuard pluggable highlights

KG SAP Pluggable

Remote indicationDry contacts, optional in all ranges, for remote indication of protector end of life.

Protector lifetime status indicationClear display of protection end of life.

New, optimized disconnection systemMersen has developed an optimised disconnection system for end of life. Complies with the disconnection tests of the standards for protectors for photovoltaic applications.

Biconnect connectionTwo types of terminal: for rigid or flexible cable and for fork type comb busbar.

Reversible installationReversible chassis to allow cable entry from above or below.

Cartridge security systemVibration proof insertion “click” effect.

Mechanical cartridge codingSafety system to avoid possible cartridge replacement errors.

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SPD Back-Up MCB/FuseSPDs are connected downstream of a circuit breaker or fuse (F1), in parallel to the rest of the installation. If F1 exceeds the maximum size shown in the table below. it is necessary to install a dedicated circuit breaker or fuse F2. In any case, it is recommended to install a dedicated circuit breaker or fuse for the surge diverter. The main benefit is that maintenance or replacement of the surge unit can be performed easily without the disruption caused through shutdown at the main isolator.

How to protect the SPDs againts short-circuits

Isc (kA) F2 F2 F2Type 2 - Class II Type I + II - Class I + II Type I - Class I

70Fuses Fuses Fuses Fuses Fuses

40A gL 40A gL 63A gL 63A gL 100A gL50

25 EP250 EP25025A 40A

C Curve C CurveGT25 GT25

15 EP100 EP100 EP100 EP10025A 40A 63A 63A

C Curve C Curve C Curve C CurveGT100 GT100 G100 G100

10 EP60 EP60 EP60 EP60 Hti25A 40A 63A 63A 100A

C Curve C Curve C Curve C Curve C CurveGT60 GT60 G60 G60

6 EPC60 EPC6025A 40A

C Curve C Curve

Imax <20kA 40kA Iimp 12.5kA 25kA Iimp 50kAF1>63A F1>125A F1>200A F1>200A F1>250A

MCB MCB MCB MCB MCBor 63A gL or 125A gL or 200A gL or 200A gL or 250A gL

SPDs2P 3P 4P

MCBs 2P 3P 3PFuses 2P 3P 3P

PE

L1 L2 L3 N

L1L2

L3N

PE

L1 L2 L3 N

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ApplicationsSA BLOCK I 50 2M is the most robust series of single pole Type 1/ Class I lightning current arresters, able to discharge energy (current) from a direct lightning strike (10/350µs) on an external lightning protection system (LPS) or overhead supplies, in accordance with EN/IEC 61643. Suitable as the first step of protection in incoming power supply panels and areas with high exposure to lightning strikes, fitted with an external lightning protection system.

Ratings and features• Lightning impulse current (10/350µs): 50kA• Follow current quenching capacity (Ifi): 50kA• Leakage current free (LCF)• Multi-discharge technology• Single pole devices for TNS, TNC and TT earthing systems• Un(L-N/L-L): 230/400V• DIN-rail mountable, monobloc format

ApplicationsSA BLOCK I 100 2M is the one to wire between Neutral and Earth single pole Type 1/ Class I lightning current arresters, able to discharge energy (current) from a direct lightning strike (10/350µs) on an external lightning protection system (LPS) or overhead supplies, in accordance with EN/IEC 61643. Suitable as the first step of protection in incoming power supply panels and areas with high exposure to lightning strikes, fitted with an external lightning pro-tection system.

Ratings and features• Lightning impulse current (10/350µs): 100kA• Follow current quenching capacity (Ifi): 50kA• Leakage current free (LCF)• Spark-Gap technology• Single pole device for Neutral Earth conexion• Un(L-N/L-L): 230/400V• DIN-rail mountable, monobloc format

Electrical diagram

SA BLOCK I 50 2MA (1P)

SA BLOCK I 100 2MB (N)

Dimensions

SA BLOCK I

SA BLOCK I Type 1 SPDs

70mm36mm

90

mm

L L

N N

AdC

N N

PE PE

AdC

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SA BLOCK I Type 1

Systemtype

Electrical diagram

Un(Vac)

Uc(V)

Iimp In (kA) Up (kV) Cat. No. Ref. No. Pack

2 mod. L-N (1ph) A 230 275 50 50 <2 SA BLOCK I 50 2M 660494 1N-PE (N) B Neutral 255 100 100 <2 SA BLOCK I 100 2M 660495 1

3xSA BLOCK I 50 2M + SA BLOCK I 100 2M

3xSA BLOCK I 50 2M

4xSA BLOCK I 50 2M

3xSA BLOCK I 50 2M

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

Ifi=50kA

660494

SA BLOCK I

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

L(N)

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

SA

P1

3+1

P2

P3

N

TT

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

L(N)

L(N)

N(L)(

N(L)

Ifi=

66

=

60

=50kA

0494

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

N(L)

N(L)

BLOC

P2

100 kA

Class I

U

U

660495

PE(N)

N(PE)

PE(N)

P3

N

N(PE)

CKK I

3+133

660495

PE(N)

PE(N)(N)

U

100 kA

Class I

U

U

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

Ifi=

66

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

L(N)

=

60

=50kA

0494

N(L)

N(L)

Ifi=

66

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

L(N)

L(N)

=

60

=50kA

0494

N(L)

N(L)

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

N(L)

P1

3+0

P2

P3

PEN

TN-C

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

Ifi=

66

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

L(N)

=

60

=50kA

0494

N(L)

N(L)

Ifi=

66

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

L(N)

=

60

=50kA

0494

N(L)

N(L)

Ifi=

66

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

L(N)

L(N)

=

60

=50kA

0494

N(L)

N(L)

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

N(L)

P1

4+0

P2

P3

N

PE

TN-S

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

Ifi=

66

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

L(N)

=

60

=50kA

0494

N(L)

N(L)

Ifi=

66

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

L(N)

N(L)

L(N)

L(N)

=

60

=50kA

0494

N(L)

N(L)

Ifi=50kA

660494

N(L)

N(L)

P1

3+0

P2

P3

IT w/o N distributed

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ApplicationsKG SAP T1+2 is the series of combined Type 1+2/Class I+II devices for discharging lightning currents and protecting against voltage surges, in accordance with EN/IEC 61643. Suitable as the first step of protection in incoming power supply panels and areas with exposure to the atmosphere, where installations are usually provided with an external lightning protection system.

Ratings and features• Lightning impulse current (10/350µs): 12.5kA per phase• Maximum discharge current (8/20µs): 65kA per phase• Nominal discharge current (8/20µs): 20kA per phase• TNS, TNC, and TT networks• Un (L-N/L-L): 230/400V• DIN-rail mountable, plug-in format• Visual and remote end of life indicators• Reversible chassis to allow cable entry from above or below•Mechanically coded cartridges to avoid cartridge replacement errors

KG SAP T1+2 Type 1+2 SPDs

KG SAP T1+2

Electrical diagrams

CO MODELA (1+1)

CO MODELB (2+0)

CO MODELC (3+0) 3P

CO MODELD (3+1)

CO MODELE (4+0)

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KG SAP T1+2 Type 1+2 SPDs - 2 poles

NETWORK

Systemtype

Elect. diagr.

Un(Vac)

Uc(V)

Iimp Imax(kA)

In(kA)

Up (kV) RemoteCO

Cat. No. Ref. No. Pack

2P TT (1P+N) A 230 27512,5 (L-N)25 (N-PE)

65 20<1,3 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)no KGPSA T1+2/1P+N25 667553 1

TT (1P+N) B 230 27512,5 (L-N)25 (N-PE)

65 20<1,3 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)yes KGPSA T1+2/1P+N25 CO 667554 1

TNS (1P+N) C 230 275 12,5 65 20 <1,3 no KGPSA T1+2/2P 25 667555 1TNS (1P+N) D 230 275 12,5 65 20 <1,3 yes KGPSA T1+2/2P 25 CO 667556 1

Type 1+2 SPDs - 4 poles

NETWORK

Systemtype

Elect. diagr.

Un(Vac)

Uc(V)

Iimp Imax(kA)

In(kA)

Up (kV) RemoteCO

Cat. No. Ref. No. Pack

4P TT (3P+N) D 400 275 12,5 65 20<1,3 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)no KGPSA T1+2/3P+N50 667559 1

TT (3P+N) D 400 275 12,5 65 20<1,3 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)no KGPSA T1+2/3P+N50 CO 667560 1

TNS (3P+N) E 400 275 12,5 65 20 <1,3 yes KGPSA T1+2/4P 50 667561 1TNS (3P+N) F 400 275 12,5 65 20 <1,3 yes KGPSA T1+2/4P 50 CO 667562 1

Type 1+2 SPDs - 3 poles

NETWORK

Systemtype

Elect. diagr.

Un(Vac)

Uc(V)

Iimp Imax(kA)

In(kA)

Up (kV) RemoteCO

Cat. No. Ref. No. Pack

3P TNC (3P) C 400 275 12,5 65 20 <1,3 no KGPSA T1+2/3P 37,5 667557 1TNC (3P) C 400 275 12,5 65 20 <1,3 yes KGPSA T1+2/3P 37,5 CO 667558 1

Replacement cartridges

For type REPLACEMENT CARTRIDGE P N

667553 KG PSAMT1+2/P 12,5 667563 KG PSAMT1+2/N 25 667564667554 KG PSAMT1+2/P 12,5 667563 KG PSAMT1+2/N 25 667564667555 KG PSAMT1+2/P 12,5 667563 - -667556 KG PSAMT1+2/P 12,5 667563 - -667557 KG PSAMT1+2/P 12,5 667563 - -667558 KG PSAMT1+2/P 12,5 667563 - -667559 KG PSAMT1+2/P 12,5 667563 KG PSAMT1+2/N 50 667565667560 KG PSAMT1+2/P 12,5 667563 KG PSAMT1+2/N 50 667565667561 KG PSAMT1+2/P 12,5 667563 - -667562 KG PSAMT1+2/P 12,5 667563 - -

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ApplicationsKG SAP T2 is the series of Type 2/Class II devices for discharging voltage surges, in accordance with EN/IEC 61643. Suitable for the second stage of protection in supply distribution panels in which Type 1 protection devices are installed upstream, or for the first stage of protection in commercial or other applications not exposed to direct strikes and with no external lightning protection system.

Ratings and features• Maximum discharge current (8/20µs): 40kA per phase• Nominal discharge current (8/20µs): 20kA per phase• TNS, TNC and TT networks• Un(L-N/L-L): 230/400V• DIN-rail mountable, plug-in format• Visual and remote end of life indicators• Reversible chassis to allow cable entry from above or below• Mechanically coded cartridges to avoid cartridge replacement errors• Multidischarge technology.

Electrical diagrams

CO MODELA (1+1)

CO MODELB (2+0)

CO MODELC (3+0) 3P

CO MODELD (3+1)

CO MODELE (4+0)

KG SAP T2 Type 2 SPDs

KG SAP T2

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KG SAP T2 Type 2 SPDs - 2 poles

NETWORK

Systemtype

Elect. diagr.

Un(Vac)

Uc(V)

Iimp Imax(kA)

In(kA)

Up (kV) RemoteCO

Cat. No. Ref. No. Pack

2P TT (1P+N) A 230 275 - 40 20<1,3 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)no KGPSA T2/1P+N80 667566 1

TT (1P+N) B 230 275 - 40 20<1,3 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)yes KGPSA T2/1P+N 80 CO 667567 1

TNS (1P+N) B 230 275 - 40 20 <1,3 no KGPSA T2/2P80 667568 1TNS (1P+N) B 230 275 - 40 20 <1,3 yes KGPSA T2/2P80 CO 667569 1

Type 2 SPDs - 4 poles

NETWORK

Systemtype

Elect. diagr.

Un(Vac)

Uc(V)

Iimp Imax(kA)

In(kA)

Up (kV) RemoteCO

Cat. No. Ref. No. Pack

4P TT (3P+N) D 400 275 - 40 20<1,3 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)no KGPSA T2/3P+N 160 667572 1

TT (3P+N) D 400 275 - 40 20<1,3 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)yes KGPSA T2/3P+N 160 CO 667573 1

TNS (3P+N) E 400 275 - 40 20 <1,3 no KGPSA T2/4P 160 667574 1TNS (3P+N) F 400 275 - 40 20 <1,3 yes KGPSA T2/4P 160 CO 667575 1

Type 2 SPDs - 3 poles

NETWORK

Systemtype

Elect. diagr.

Un(Vac)

Uc(V)

Iimp Imax(kA)

In(kA)

Up (kV) RemoteCO

Cat. No. Ref. No. Pack

3P TNC (3P) C 400 275 - 40 20 <1,3 no KGPSA T2/3P 120 667570 1TNC (3P) C 400 275 - 40 20 <1,3 yes KGPSA T2/3P 120 CO 667571 1

Replacement cartridges

For type REPLACEMENT CARTRIDGE P N

667566 KG PSAM T2/P 40 667576 KG PSAM T2/N 40 667577667567 KG PSAM T2/P 40 667576 KG PSAM T2/N 40 667577667568 KG PSAM T2/P 40 667576 - -667569 KG PSAM T2/P 40 667576 - -667570 KG PSAM T2/P 40 667576 - -667571 KG PSAM T2/P 40 667576 - -667572 KG PSAM T2/P 40 667576 KG PSAM T2/N 40 667577667573 KG PSAM T2/P 40 667576 KG PSAM T2/N 40 667577667574 KG PSAM T2/P 40 667576 - -667575 KG PSAM T2/P 40 667576 - -

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ApplicationsKG MSA T2 is the series of Type 2/Class II devices for discharging voltage surges, in accordance with EN/IEC 61643. Suitable for the second stage of protection in supply distribution panels in which Type 1 protection devices are installed upstream, or for the first stage of protection in commercial or other applications not exposed to direct strikes and with no external lightning protection system.

Ratings and features• Maximum discharge current (8/20µs): 40kA per phase• Nominal discharge current (8/20µs): 15kA per phase• TNS and TT networks• Un(L-N/L-L): 230/400V• DIN-rail mountable, MONOBLOCK format• Visual and remote end of life indicators• Multidischarge technology

Electrical diagrams

CO MODELA (1+1)

CO MODELB (3+1)

CO MODELC (4+0)

CO MODELD (4+0)

KG MSA T2 Type 2 SPDs

KG MSA T2

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KG MSA T2 Type 2 SPDs - 2 poles

NETWORK

Systemtype

Elect. diagr.

Un(Vac)

Uc(V)

Iimp Imax(kA)

In(kA)

Up (kV) RemoteCO

Cat. No. Ref. No. Pack

2P, 1 mod. TT (1P+N) A 230 275 - 15 5<1,2 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)no KGMSA T2/1P+N30 M 667545 1

2P, 2 mod. TT (1P+N) A 230 275 - 15 5<1,2 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)yes KGMSA T2/1P+N30 667546 1

2P, 2 mod. TT (1P+N) A 230 275 - 40 15<1,2 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)no KGMSA T2/1P+N80 667549 1

Type 2 SPDs - 4 poles

NETWORK

Systemtype

Elect. diagr.

Un(Vac)

Uc(V)

Iimp Imax(kA)

In(kA)

Up (kV) RemoteCO

Cat. No. Ref. No. Pack

4P, 4 mod. TT (3P+N) B 400 275 - 15 5<1,2 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)no KGMSA T2/3P+N 60 667547 1

TT (3P+N) B 400 275 - 40 15<1,2 (L-N)

<1,5 (N-PE)no KGMSA T2/3P+N 160 667550 1

TNS (3P+N) C 400 275 - 15 5 <1,2 no KGMSA T2/4P 60 667548 1TNS (3P+N) C 400 275 - 40 15 <1,3 no KGMSA T2/4P 160 667551 1TNS (3P+N) D 400 275 - 40 15 <1,3 yes KGMSA T2/4P 60 CO 667552 1

4P, 4

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Equipment protection

ABCX