Equine Science Classes of Feeds
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Transcript of Equine Science Classes of Feeds
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Equine ScienceEquine ScienceClasses of FeedsClasses of Feeds
Marshal StorkMarshal Stork
Tarleton State UniversityTarleton State University
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Classes of FeedsClasses of Feeds
RoughagesRoughages ConcentratesConcentrates SupplementsSupplements
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RoughagesRoughages
High in FiberHigh in Fiber Low in EnergyLow in Energy
PasturePasture HayHay Forage Crops Forage Crops SilageSilage
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HayHay
Most common form of roughageMost common form of roughage Many variables affect hay qualityMany variables affect hay quality
– Plant SpeciesPlant Species– RainfallRainfall– Stage of plant growthStage of plant growth– Harvesting ProceduresHarvesting Procedures
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Coastal Bermudagrass HayCoastal Bermudagrass Hay
Can be cut 4-5 times per yearCan be cut 4-5 times per year Value can be increased by mixing in Value can be increased by mixing in
legumeslegumes
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Sudangrass HaySudangrass Hay
Cut in early bloom stages for Cut in early bloom stages for maximum nutrient qualitymaximum nutrient quality
May be toxic if harvested earlyMay be toxic if harvested early– Prussic AcidPrussic Acid
Similar to JohnsongrassSimilar to Johnsongrass
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Alfalfa HayAlfalfa Hay
Highly Palatable (acceptability of Highly Palatable (acceptability of taste)taste)
High in Protein (18%-19%)High in Protein (18%-19%) Good Source of Vitamins A and BGood Source of Vitamins A and B Higher Priced (Bale = $7-$10)Higher Priced (Bale = $7-$10) 5-8 cuttings (not all are clean)5-8 cuttings (not all are clean)
Cubes
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Clover HaysClover Hays
NutritiousNutritious Similar to alfalfaSimilar to alfalfa Difficult to Difficult to curecure 14%-16% protein14%-16% protein Mostly raised for pasture, not hayMostly raised for pasture, not hay
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PasturePasture
Native is most commonNative is most common Grasses, legumes, and forbsGrasses, legumes, and forbs Generally, pasture should be a Generally, pasture should be a
mixture of 1-2 grasses with 1-2 mixture of 1-2 grasses with 1-2 legumes.legumes.
A mature horse requires a minimum A mature horse requires a minimum of 2 acresof 2 acres
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Review – Hays and Pasture Review – Hays and Pasture
What is the most common form of What is the most common form of roughage?roughage?
What can you do to improve the What can you do to improve the value of bermudagrass hay?value of bermudagrass hay?
Name 1 advantage to alfalfa hay?Name 1 advantage to alfalfa hay? Disadvantage?Disadvantage? What is the main disadvantage of What is the main disadvantage of
clover hays?clover hays?
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ConcentratesConcentrates
Low in fiber and high in energyLow in fiber and high in energy
GrainsGrains Grain by-productsGrain by-products
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ConcentratesConcentrates
The concentrate part of the ration The concentrate part of the ration contains the grainscontains the grains– Higher in energyHigher in energy– Lower in fiberLower in fiber
Most CommonMost Common– OatsOats– BarleyBarley– CornCorn
Than Roughages
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OatsOats
Most Popular grain fed to horsesMost Popular grain fed to horses High fiber content (13%)High fiber content (13%)
– More bulk per nutrient contentMore bulk per nutrient content– Must eat more to satisfy nutrient contentMust eat more to satisfy nutrient content– Less likely to founder or colicLess likely to founder or colic
Cleanliness is a mustCleanliness is a must– Dust feeds can lead to respiratory Dust feeds can lead to respiratory
problemsproblems Whole or processedWhole or processed
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BarleyBarley
Comparable to oatsComparable to oats– Lower in fiberLower in fiber
Weighs more per unit volume than Weighs more per unit volume than oatsoats
Barley
Oats
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CornCorn
Very “energy-dense”Very “energy-dense”– Large amounts of carbohydratesLarge amounts of carbohydrates
Excellent for horses that require a lot Excellent for horses that require a lot of energyof energy– Working horsesWorking horses– Race HorsesRace Horses
Low in proteinLow in protein High weight per unit volumeHigh weight per unit volume
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MolassesMolasses
A popular component of mixed A popular component of mixed concentratesconcentrates
PalatablePalatable Cheap source of energyCheap source of energy Can reduce the quantity of dust in Can reduce the quantity of dust in
feedfeed 5% of the ration - recommended5% of the ration - recommended
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Review - ConcentratesReview - Concentrates
What are the three most common What are the three most common types of concentrates?types of concentrates?
What is one advantage to a high fiber What is one advantage to a high fiber content?content?
What is the most notable thing that What is the most notable thing that corn adds to a diet?corn adds to a diet?
What is one way to reduce the dust What is one way to reduce the dust in my feed while also making it more in my feed while also making it more palatable for my horse?palatable for my horse?
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SupplementsSupplements
Can help correct deficiencies in Can help correct deficiencies in protein, minerals, and vitamins.protein, minerals, and vitamins.
Increases nutritive valueIncreases nutritive value 4 common types4 common types
– ProteinProtein– VitaminVitamin– MineralMineral– Combination of all threeCombination of all three
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ProteinProtein
Higher requirement for horses that Higher requirement for horses that are:are:– GrowingGrowing– LactatingLactating– In later pregnancy stagesIn later pregnancy stages– Eating poor quality roughageEating poor quality roughage– Performance animals (high stress)Performance animals (high stress)
Converted to energy by the horseConverted to energy by the horse
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ProteinProtein
Examples of protein supplements Examples of protein supplements include:include:
AlfalfaAlfalfa LinseedLinseed SoybeanSoybean Cottonseed MealCottonseed Meal
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VitaminsVitamins
Horses derive no benefits from Horses derive no benefits from “extra” vitamins.“extra” vitamins.
Supplements for Vitamin A:Supplements for Vitamin A:– Fish liver oilsFish liver oils– Liver mealLiver meal
Supplements for Vitamin B:Supplements for Vitamin B:– Dried brewer’s yeastDried brewer’s yeast– Dried legumesDried legumes
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VitaminsVitamins
Supplements for Vitamin D:Supplements for Vitamin D:– Suncured haySuncured hay– Exposure to sunlightExposure to sunlight
Supplements for Vitamin E (usually Supplements for Vitamin E (usually not necessary):not necessary):– Alfalfa pelletsAlfalfa pellets
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MineralsMinerals
Frequently needed to balance the Frequently needed to balance the mineral content of rations.mineral content of rations.
Most common deficient minerals are:Most common deficient minerals are:– CalciumCalcium– PhosphorusPhosphorus– Sodium chlorideSodium chloride
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MineralsMinerals
Supplements for Calcium and Supplements for Calcium and Phosphorus:Phosphorus:– Steamed Bone MealSteamed Bone Meal– Dicalcium PhosphateDicalcium Phosphate
Supplements for sodium chloride:Supplements for sodium chloride:– Salt blockSalt block
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Review - SupplementsReview - Supplements
Name two situations where a horse Name two situations where a horse might need protein supplements.might need protein supplements.
T/F – Vitamins supplements are always T/F – Vitamins supplements are always a must for horses.a must for horses.
What is a good supplement for vitamin What is a good supplement for vitamin D?D?
T/F – Alfalfa pellets are a good T/F – Alfalfa pellets are a good supplement for vitamin E.supplement for vitamin E.
What is a good supplement for a What is a good supplement for a sodium chloride deficiency?sodium chloride deficiency?
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Group ActivityGroup Activity
Divide into groupsDivide into groups Discuss scenariosDiscuss scenarios
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Scenario 1Scenario 1
I have a horse that I am feeding I have a horse that I am feeding coastal hay to. I want to add some coastal hay to. I want to add some value to next year’s hay – what can I value to next year’s hay – what can I plant with my coastal Bermuda?plant with my coastal Bermuda?
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Scenario 2Scenario 2
I am looking to buy a place to put my I am looking to buy a place to put my horses. I want them to graze on horses. I want them to graze on pasture grass. Approximately how pasture grass. Approximately how many acres do I need to buy to many acres do I need to buy to support 23 horses? support 23 horses?
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Scenario 3Scenario 3
I just bought a race horse who has a I just bought a race horse who has a deficiency in vitamin B.deficiency in vitamin B.
1.1. What can I feed him to increase his What can I feed him to increase his energy level?energy level?
2.2. What can I give him to supplement for What can I give him to supplement for Vitamin B?Vitamin B?
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Any Any Questions?Questions?
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ReferencesReferences
IMS, Equine Science 8895-BIMS, Equine Science 8895-B Pictures – www.google.com/imagesPictures – www.google.com/images