Equine Nutrition in Health and...
Transcript of Equine Nutrition in Health and...
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Dr Karin Kruger
BVSc, MSc, DACVIM
Equine Specialist Physician
Equine Nutrition in Health and
Disease
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What to feed my horse?
2% DM of ideal body
weight (60:40)
Grass / forage
Best quality
Good quality
commercial ration
(balancer)
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Body Condition Score
Wikipedia
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Feeding horses in various disease
states
Equine Metabolic Syndrome
Hyperlipaemia / hyperlipidemia
HYPP
Myopathies
Colic
Gastric ulcers
Developmental orthopaedic disease
Feeding the starved horse
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Equine Metabolic Syndrome (Peripheral or Omental Cushing’s Syndrome)
Middle aged (8-18years); no sex predilection
Clinical signs EASY KEEPER
generalized overweight
(can be normal / underweight)
cresty neck
laminitis
Insulin resistant
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Apple:
More visceral and omental
fat
More metabolically active
More insulin resistance
Pear: More subcutaneous
fat
Less metabolically
active
Fat Distribution:
APPLE vs PEAR
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Equine Metabolic Syndrome
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Equine Metabolic Syndrome
Hypertriglyceridemia /dyslipidemia
Hyperleptinemia (satiety factor)
Altered reproductive cycling
Increased systemic markers of obesity (adipokines)
Arterial hypertension
Insulin Refractory State
Regional Adiposity
Insulin Resistance
Predisposition to Laminitis
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Equine Metabolic Syndrome
Affects energy metabolism
Perturbs adipocyte function
Promotes thrombosis
Induces inflammations and oxidative stress
Leads to vascular endothelial dysfunction
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Equine Metabolic Syndrome Key Points Fat horses with cresty necks and fat deposited in
sheath, at tailhead, etc
Insulin resistant
Prone to laminitis
Do not have PPID
No specific treatment – diet and weight
management
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Factors that Influence Insulin
Sensitivity in Horses
Sex
Diet
Age
Exercise
Pregnancy
Breed ?
Stress
Obesity
Disease States:
PPID
Hyperlipemia
Laminitis
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Metabolic Syndrome:
Prevention and Treatment
Avoid Obesity / Weight Reduction!!!
Therapeutic life-style changes: Diet and Exercise !!!!
Change diet: less food, lower glycemic index
Increase physical activity
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Metabolic Syndrome: Prevention and Treatment
Decreasing Food Intake
Do not cut feed TOO much or TOO fast - risk of
increased insulin resistance or hyperlipemia)
Feed grass hays (not > 10% sugar & starch
combined) at 1.5 – 2% target BW
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Hyperlipemia Susceptible Individuals
Ponies
Donkeys
Miniature horses/
donkeys
Late pregnancy or lactating
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Hyperlipemia Clinical Signs
Inappetance
Depression, weakness
+/- Diarrhea
+/- Ventral edema
Muscle fasciculations, ataxia, recumbency
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Hyperlipemia Prognosis
Good if caught early (hyperlipidemia
stage)
Guarded to poor if lipemic and there
is a high degree of fatty infiltration of
the liver
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Hyperlipemia Prevention is better than cure
Can die within 3-4 days
MUST get calories into them (by any means
necessary)
Syringe-feed syrup
Tube jungle oats/ liquidized pellets
Parenteral nutrition, insulin & heparin
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Hyperkalaemic Periodic Paralysis
(HYPP) Quarter horses, paint, appaloosas – Impressive
Autosomal dominant
Defect in skeletal muscle sodium channel
Clinical signs:
Triggered by stress, fasting, anaesthesia, sedation, trailer rides, cold etc.
Myotonia and prolapse of third eyelid
Muscle tremors, spasms, weakness
Resp stridor/distress, upper resp. muscle paralysis
Episodes last 15-60 min
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Hyperkalaemic Periodic Paralysis
(HYPP)
1. Decrease dietary
potassium
Avoid lucerne, soybean
meal & molasses
Soak hay high in K+
(<1%)
2. Increase K+ excretion
Acetazolimide (2-3 mg
/kg q 8-12h)
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Myopathies – ‘Tying up’
Polysaccharide
storage myopathy
(PSSM)
Exertional / recurrent
exertional
rhabdomyolysis
(RER)
High fiber, low carb
Increase fat
Maintain daily
exercise with turnout
Minimize stress
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Nutritional factors proven to
predispose to colic Limited / no access to grazing
Overly mature hay
Frequent changes to hay source
Lack of long-stem hay
Ingestion of soil / sand / abnormal products (e.g. wood)
Too much concentrate (> 2kg per day)
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Gastric ulcers Turnout & grazing
Ad lib hay (legumes)
Feed small, frequent meals (decrease/stop concentrates)
Increase ration fat content (7-10%)
Avoid hypertonic electrolyte paste
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Developmental orthopaedic disease
DO NOT over-feed foals
Want to see ribs
Good quality hay / grazing and a balancer pellet
Reduce DE while maintaining protein, vitamin &
mineral requirements (excess protein not the
culprit)
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Feeding the Starved Horse
Avoid re-feeding syndrome
0.5-1kg lucerne every 4h for 3 days
2kg lucerne every 8 hours for 10 days
1-2 kg grass hay every 4 hours for 3 days
3-4 kg grass hay every 8 hours for 10 days
Weight gains should be very slow