Equine Management and Production - CareerTech (CT) · Equine Management and Production ... foot and...

Equine Management and Production

Student Workbook

Level I

Objective Sheet

Information Sheets

Assignment Sheets

Job Sheets

Developed by theCurriculum and Instructional Materials Center

for the Agricultural Education DivisionOklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education

00-00000 AG3010

Copyright 2002

Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology EducationCurriculum and Instructional Materials Center

All rights reserved.

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Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074-4364

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STUDENT WORKBOOK - Equine Management and Production - Level IOBJECTIVE SHEET - CIMC - 5 - 1

OBJECTIVESHEET

LEARNING THEFUNDAMENTALS OF FOOT CARE 5Proper foot care is an essential part of caring for horses. Withoutproper foot care, horses can develop foot and leg problems thatwill affect their ability to perform. Horse owners and caretakersshould know basic anatomy and have the ability to check horses’feet.

Equine Management and Production, Unit 3, “Handling HorsesSafely”

After completing this unit, you will show the followingcompetencies by mastering the activities on the Job Sheets andby scoring at least 85% on the Written Test.

1. Complete statements about the external parts of the foot andlower leg.

2. Label internal parts of the foot and lower leg.

3. Associate parts of the foot and lower leg with their specificrelationships and/or functions.

4. Identify critical factors in the care of a foot.

5. Identify the most common causes of lameness.

6. Lift, clean, and check a horse’s foot. (Job Sheet 1)

7. Identify basic farrier tools.

SPECIFICOBJECTIVES

UNITOBJECTIVE

FOCUS ASSIGNMENTS

1. Read the Handout “No Feet, No Horse.” As you read,pay special attention to the importance of healthy feetfor the horse.

2. Write a short discussion on the importance of healthyfeet for the horse.

FOCUSASSIGNMENTS

PREREQUISITE

INTRODUCTION

Reading Writing

STUDENT WORKBOOK - Equine Management and Production - Level IOBJECTIVE SHEET - CIMC - 5 - 2

8. Recall considerations when preparing the hoof for trimmingand/or shoeing.

9. Identify common faults in preparation of the hoof.

10. Remove a shoe. (Job Sheet 2)

11. Trim a foot. (Job Sheet 3)

Complete statements about the external parts of the foot andlower leg.

You will see two transparencies showing the external partsof the foot and lower leg.

Side View (Figure 1)

Cannon — Area between the knee and the fetlock

Fetlock — Area that connects the pastern and the cannon

Pastern — Area between the hoof and the fetlock

Perioplic ring — Narrow strand of flesh that lies just abovethe coronary band; the perioplic ring produces a varnish-likesubstance that covers the hoof wall and prevents moisturefrom escaping the hoof

Coronary band (coronet) — Thick section of tough flesh atthe top of the hoof where the skin and hide join with the hoofwall; the hoof wall is produced in the coronary band

Hoof wall — Tough, horny outer shell that protects thesensitive area and supports weight

Bottom View (Figures 2 and 3)

Heel — Rear portion of the foot that makes contact with theground first when the horse is in motion

Quarter — Thinnest portion of the wall halfway around theside of the hoof

Toe — Front of the hoof; leaves the ground last as the horseis in motion

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WORDS YOU SHOULD KNOW

foot area below the pastern and through thehoof

hoof strong, balanced, horny covering of thefoot from the coronary band to the ground

Required Activities/Resources — Transparency Masters

1 and 2

Optional Activities/Resources in Instructor’sGuide

OBJECTIVE 1

STUDENT WORKBOOK - Equine Management and Production - Level IINFORMATION SHEET - CIMC - 5 - 3

INFORMATIONSHEET

LEARNING THEFUNDAMENTALS OF FOOT CARE 5


Bulbs — Rounded edges at the rear of the hoof that arelocated at the termination point of the coronary band

Frog — Wedge-shaped, soft horn structure in the center of theunderside of the foot; the frog aids the blood circulation of thehoof, traction, and the absorption of moisture into the foot

Commissures — Deep grooves on both sides of the frog

Bars — Continuation of the bearing edge of the wall; locatedon either side of the commissures

Sole — Undersurface of the hoof located just inside the wallbeyond the separation of the white line

White line — The area of the hoof where the sensitive andinsensitive laminae mesh together

FIGURE 1

Cannon

Fetlock

Pastern

Perioplic Ring

Coronary Band

Hoof Wall

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Bottom View

FIGURE 2

FIGURE 3

Frog

Sole

White Line

Wall

Bulbs

Heel

Bar

Commissure

Quarter

Toe

Label internal parts of the foot and lower leg.

You will see one transparency showing the internal parts ofthe foot and lower leg.

As you view the transparency, list these parts in the spacesbelow.

Cannon Bone Long PasternCoffin Bone Coffin JointFetlock Joint Pastern JointLaminae Navicular BoneShort Pastern●

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WORDS YOU SHOULD KNOW

first phalanx term for the long pastern

second phalanx term for the short pastern

third phalanx term for the coffin bone

Required Activities/Resources — Transparency Master 3


OBJECTIVE 2


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Associate parts of the foot and lower leg with their specificrelationships and/or functions.

Coffin bone (third phalanx) — Largest bone in the foot; isporous with many perforations for arteries, veins, and nervesto pass through and nourish the structures below

Short pastern bone (second phalanx) — Half of the bone isin the foot and the other half is above the foot

Navicular bone — Positioned at the back of the coffin joint;serves as a pulley for the deep digital flexor tendon

Corium — Modified vascular tissue that furnishes nutrition tothe hoof

The corium, or inner sensitive laminae of the hoof,produces the insensitive laminae, which intermesh and attachto it.

Digital cushion — Absorbs concussion or jar when the footstrikes the ground

The digital cushion is a wedge-shaped fibroelasticstructure surrounded by the lateral cartilages at the sides, thedeep digital flexor tendon above and the horny frog below.

Coronary band — Main area of growth and nutrition for thehoof; located at the hairline immediately above the hoof

IMPORTANT: Injuries to the coronary band are very serious.

Hoof wall — Outer covering that encloses and protects thesensitive parts

Perioplic ring — Produces periople, the varnish-likesubstance that covers the outer surface of the wall and sealsit from excessive drying

White line — Layer of soft horn that appears at the bottom ofthe foot between the wall and sole

Frog — Cushions internal parts and aids in traction andblood circulation

Commissures — Give elasticity●

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OBJECTIVE 3


Sole — Flaky horn that covers the bottom of the hoof and isconcave at the ground surface

IMPORTANT: If the sole makes contact with the ground,lameness can occur from sole bruising.

Bars — Help support the foot and keep it open at the heels

Identify critical factors in the care of a foot.

Trimming

Shoeing

Cleaning the hoof

Correct moisture content

Sufficient moisture in the hoof can be maintainedby soaking or by applying dressing.

Hoof wear

Check for abnormal hoof wear.

Daily inspection

Conformation

Identify the most common causes of lameness.

Poor hoof care

Conformation

Injury

Improper shoeing

Foreign object in the hoof

Disease of the foot

Lack of moisture in the hoof

Complete Job Sheet 1.OBJECTIVE 6

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OBJECTIVE 5

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OBJECTIVE 4

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Identify basic farrier tools.

Hoof pick/brush

Hoof knife

Shoe puller

Hoof nipper


OBJECTIVE 7


Rasp

Nail clincher

Clinch cutter

Pritchel

Divider


Farrier’s hammer

Farrier’s apron

Anvil


Hoof level

Recall considerations when preparing the hoof for trimmingand/or shoeing.

Your instructor will show the videotape Fancy Footwork: AHorse Owner’s Guide to Sound Shoeing Practices.

Procedures described in this videotape may beabbreviated (shortened) for instructional purposes. Therefore,they should never be attempted without qualified professionalsupervision.

At rest, examine the wear pattern of the shoe, the shape ofthe foot, and the hoof angle.

Move the horse to the shoeing area; the shoeing area shouldhave good lighting and a flat surface.

Remove other animals, especially dogs, from the shoeing area.

Remove old shoes, if shod.

Using a sole knife, trim away old, irregular dead frog, andcheck for stones, debris, and thrush concealed in theovergrown frog.

Remove old, flaking sole to check for damage to the sole area.

Remove excess hoof wall with nippers.

Use a rasp to make final adjustments.

Allow the foot to drop freely for analysis.●

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Required Activities/Resources — Video


OBJECTIVE 8


Turn the rasp on the side, and dress the foot before shoeing.

Select and shape the appropriate shoe for the particularhorse.

EXAMPLE: Shoes may be made of steel, aluminum, rubber,plastic. Steel is the most commonly used material. There arealso shoes for front feet and shoes for hind feet.

Evaluate the horse after it has been shod.

Identify common faults in preparation of the hoof.

Overleveling of the wall

IMPORTANT: This includes cutting away too much of the hoofirregularities, which result in sore feet.

Cutting away the frog

Scooping the quarters

Shaping the foot

Cutting too short

Complete Job Sheet 2.

Complete Job Sheet 3.OBJECTIVE 11

OBJECTIVE 10

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OBJECTIVE 9

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Name ____________________________________________Score_________

Lift, clean, and check a horse’s foot.

Horse (preferably gentle)Hoof pickHoof dressing

WARNING: INJURY TO HORSES AND HUMANS ISPOSSIBLE. Use caution when handling a horse’s feet.

Procedure for left front foot

Halter and tie horse or have someone hold it. If aperson is holding the horse, the person should be on the sameside as person lifting foot.

Yes No1. Approach the horse from the near side while facing

the rear.

2. Place your left hand gently on the horse’s neck.(Figure 1)

FIGURE 1

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PROCEDURE

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●EQUIPMENTAND SUPPLIES

EmployabilityWritingReading

BASIC SKILLS

OBJECTIVE 6

STUDENT WORKBOOK - Equine Management and Production - Level IJOB SHEET 1 - CIMC - 5 - 15

JOBSHEET 1


Yes No3. Slide your hand slowly down the inside of the horse’s

left front leg.

4. Apply slight pressure to the inside cannon slightlybelow the knee. (Figure 2)

FIGURE 2

5. Raise the horse’s leg upward and toward the rear asthe horse gives you its foot.

Do not place strain on the horse’s leg.✔ NOTE:

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FIGURE 3

Yes No6. Place your left hand under the hoof or straddle the

leg, allowing the hoof to rest just above your knees forsupport. Stand with your toes pointing inward andbent at the knees so the horse is comfortable.(Figure 3)

7. Stand relaxed and the horse will relax.

8. Clean the foot with the hoof pick by using a heel-to-toe motion, especially in the commissures.

Use ample pressure to remove all dirt and foreign material.

9. Check the frog for elasticity by applying pressure withthe thumb.

If the frog is hard and the hoof shows signsof cracking, conditioner is needed.

10. Apply hoof conditioner to the sole and frog, if needed.

A toothbrush is good to use as anapplicator, but conditioner may be applied with thefingers.

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Yes No11. Set the hoof carefully on the ground.

12. Apply hoof conditioner around the coronary band, ifneeded.

Procedure for left rear foot

1. Approach the horse from the near side.

2. Place your hand gently on the horse’s hip.

3. Grip the horse’s leg just below the hock and squeezegently.

4. Reach out with your left hand and hold the toe afterthe horse raises its foot. (Figure 4)

FIGURE 4

5. Move slowly under the foot when the horse relaxes.

Do not pull foot out to you or try to forcethe horse to give it to you.✔ NOTE:

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FIGURE 5

Yes No6. Place the cannon on your thigh, allowing the foot to

rest on your knees. (Figure 5)

7. Clean the foot with the hoof pick by using a heel-to-toemotion, especially in the commissures.

Use ample pressure to remove all dirt and foreign matter.



10. Set the hoof carefully on the ground.


Procedure for right rear foot

1. Approach horse from the off side.

2. Place your right hand gently on the horse’s hip.

3. Grip the horse’s leg just below the hock with your lefthand and squeeze gently.

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Yes No4. Reach with your right hand and hold the toe after the

horse raises its foot.

5. Move under the foot when the horse relaxes.

6. Place the cannon on your right thigh.


Use ample pressure to remove all dirt andforeign material.





Procedure for right front foot

1. Approach the horse from the off side while facing therear.

2. Place your right hand gently on the horse’s neck.

3. Slide your hand slowly down the inside of the horse’sright front leg.

4. Apply slight pressure inside the cannon immediatelybelow the knee.

5. Raise the foot upward and toward the rear.

6. Place your right hand under the hoof or straddle thehoof, allowing it to rest just above your knees.


Use ample pressure to remove all dirt andforeign material.


9. Apply hoof conditioner to the sole and frog if needed.❏❏

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SKILL TEST RECORD

Evaluator note: Rate the student on the following criteria bycircling the appropriate numbers. Each criterion must receive arating of “3” or higher to demonstrate student mastery. (See Keybelow.) A student who is unable to demonstrate mastery shouldreview the material and submit another product for evaluation.

Criteria:

Safety followed 4 3 2 1

Front feet lifted correctly 4 3 2 1

Rear feet lifted correctly 4 3 2 1

Feet cleaned 4 3 2 1

Feet checked 4 3 2 1

Evaluator note: To obtain an average rating for the Profile ofTraining Mastery, total the points in Product Evaluation anddivide by the total number of criteria. Circle the rating on theKey.

4 Skilled — Can perform job with no additional training3 Moderately Skilled — Has performed job during training

program; limited additional training may be required2 Limited Skill — Has performed job during training program;

additional training is required to develop skill1 Unskilled — Is familiar with process, but is unable to perform

job

KEY

AVERAGERATING

PRODUCTEVALUATION

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EVALUATOR’SCOMMENTS


Name ____________________________________________Score_________

Remove a shoe.

Your instructor will show the videotape Fancy Footwork: AHorse Owner’s Guide to Sound Shoeing Practices. Payspecial attention to the procedure for removing a shoe.

WARNING: Procedures described in this videotape may beabbreviated (or shortened) for instructional purposes.Therefore, they should never be attempted without qualifiedprofessional supervision.

Shod horseShoe pullerFarrier’s hammerHoof pick

WARNING: INJURY TO HORSES AND HUMANS ISPOSSIBLE. Use caution when handling a horse’s feet.

Yes No1. Pick up the foot; keep the foot as close to its natural

position as possible.

2. Beginning at the heel of the shoe, close the shoepullers firmly and pull down the wall to release thefirst nail.

3. Continue the process working alternately from medialto lateral sides and down toward the toe until theshoe is removed.

If this is difficult, you may complete step 2,and then drive the shoe back down on the hoofexposing the nails. Nails can then be pulled out oneat a time.

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❏❏PROCEDURE

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Employability

BASIC SKILLS

OBJECTIVE 10


JOBSHEET 2


SKILL TEST RECORD


Criteria:


Shoe removed 4 3 2 1





job


KEY

AVERAGERATING

PRODUCTEVALUATION


Name ____________________________________________Score_________

Trim a foot.

Your instructor will show the videotape Fancy Footwork: AHorse Owner’s Guide to Sound Shoeing Practices. Payspecial attention to the procedure for removing a shoe.

WARNING: Procedures described in this videotape may beabbreviated (or shortened) for instructional purposes.Therefore, they should never be attempted without qualifiedprofessional supervision.

Horse with hoofs long enough to trimHoof knifeHoof nippersRaspFarrier’s apron

WARNING: INJURY TO HORSES AND HUMANS ISPOSSIBLE. Use caution when trimming feet.

Yes No1. Trim away irregular, dead frog using a sole knife.

2. Remove old, flaking sole.

3. Remove excess hoof wall with nippers; hold nippersflat.

4. Use a rasp to make final adjustments; use heel-to-toeaction; hold the rasp flat and level, avoiding thequarters and the heel.

5. Sight the foot frequently to check for progress.❏❏

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Employability

BASIC SKILLS

OBJECTIVE 11


JOBSHEET 3


SKILL TEST RECORD


Criteria:


Correct length trimmed 4 3 2 1

Bottom and sides rasped 4 3 2 1

Hoof falls level 4 3 2 1





job


KEY

AVERAGERATING

PRODUCTEVALUATION


Equine Management and Production - CareerTech (CT) · Equine Management and Production ... foot and...

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