EQ3: EQ3: How How does does languaglanguage affect e affect culture?culture?**

Bell Ringer: Bell Ringer:

1. List 1. List at least three words at least three words that are in that are in use today that did not exist ten years use today that did not exist ten years ago. ago.

– What does this tell you about todayWhat does this tell you about today’’s s society?society?

– How does language affect your How does language affect your culture? culture?

– How does your culture affect your How does your culture affect your language?language?

Language Defined:Language Defined:

A set of symbols A set of symbols and sounds that and sounds that expresses ideas expresses ideas and allows and allows people to think people to think and and communicate communicate with each other.with each other.

Official Official language: one language: one that is used by that is used by government for government for conducting conducting business and business and publishing publishing documentsdocuments

Literary Literary tradition: a tradition: a system of system of written written communicationcommunication

Methods of CommunicationMethods of Communication

VerbalVerbal– WordsWords– Voice Voice

NonverbalNonverbal– Gestures Gestures – PosturesPostures– Facial ExpressionsFacial Expressions– Eye ContactEye Contact– Personal Personal

AppearanceAppearance– TouchTouch– SpaceSpace

Patterns in Cultural Patterns in Cultural Differences in Differences in

CommunicationCommunication1.1. Communication StyleCommunication Style

2.2. Attitudes toward conflictAttitudes toward conflict

3.3. Decision making processDecision making process

4.4. Approaches to learningApproaches to learning

Role of Language and Role of Language and CultureCulture

Language is an Language is an important way to important way to transmit culture.transmit culture.

Through Through language language children learnchildren learn

about their about their cultural identity.cultural identity.

Proverbs are one example of Proverbs are one example of how culture is conveyed how culture is conveyed

through words.through words. ““Cleanliness is next to Godliness.Cleanliness is next to Godliness.”” ““The early bird gets the worm.The early bird gets the worm.””

What do these proverbs say about American culture?

What do these proverbs What do these proverbs mean?mean?

In your notebooks, you will read over In your notebooks, you will read over the proverbs and jot down: the proverbs and jot down:

Explanation of proverbExplanation of proverb What does it tell us about the What does it tell us about the

culture? culture?

African ProverbAfrican Proverb

““Abafugibwa Abafugibwa ngabo: ngabo: atannagikwatamu atannagikwatamu ye agitenda ye agitenda obwangu.obwangu.””

““Those who are Those who are ruled are like the ruled are like the shield: who never shield: who never got hold of it, got hold of it, thinks it light. thinks it light. Those who don't Those who don't rule think ruling is rule think ruling is easy.easy.””

Maori ProverbMaori Proverb

““E moa i tangata E moa i tangata ringa raupa.ringa raupa.””

““Marry a man with Marry a man with blistered hands.blistered hands.””

Mexican ProverbMexican Proverb

““Anda tu camino Anda tu camino sin ayuda de sin ayuda de vecino.vecino.””

““Walk your own Walk your own road without the road without the help of a neighbor.help of a neighbor.””

BR: How can BR: How can language change language change

over time?over time?

Evolution of Evolution of LanguageLanguage

How can language change How can language change over time? over time?

Globalization: Globalization: ““SpanglishSpanglish””, , ““EbonicsEbonics”” Geography: Geography: When speakers are When speakers are

isolated from place of originisolated from place of origin History: History: Conquered nations absorb Conquered nations absorb

dominant languagedominant language TechnologyTechnology: TV, Internet, pop culture: TV, Internet, pop culture

– Exception to the ruleException to the rule: Words that are used : Words that are used more often in everyday language evolve more often in everyday language evolve slowly (like numbers)slowly (like numbers)

Even within one language, Even within one language, confusion is common.confusion is common.

How many interpretations can you How many interpretations can you think of for these sentences?think of for these sentences?

““ThereThere’’s a fork in the road.s a fork in the road.”” ““He shot his mouth off.He shot his mouth off.”” ““Ham sandwichHam sandwich”” ?????? ??????

Language can also be a source Language can also be a source of discrimination.of discrimination.

Language and Gender:Language and Gender:

The use of the word The use of the word ““manman”” in words like in words like chairman and chairman and mankind.mankind.

Use of the pronouns Use of the pronouns ““hehe”” and and ““sheshe”” affects affects thinking about gender. thinking about gender. For example, nurses For example, nurses and secretaries are and secretaries are usually referred to as usually referred to as ““she.she.””

Language can also be an Language can also be an expression of racial and ethnic expression of racial and ethnic

discrimination.discrimination. Some words have more than one Some words have more than one

meaning and create negative meaning and create negative images, such as images, such as ““blackheartedblackhearted”” or or ““a a black mark on your record.black mark on your record.””

Negative words can also become Negative words can also become associated with groups, such as associated with groups, such as referring to Native Americans as referring to Native Americans as ““savages.savages.””

How important is it for members of How important is it for members of one country to speak the same one country to speak the same

language?language?

How should a How should a society balance society balance respect for respect for individual cultures individual cultures and a need for and a need for unity?unity?

Language, Race & EthnicityLanguage, Race & Ethnicity

The percentage of The percentage of Americans who do Americans who do not speak English not speak English at home has at home has continued to continued to increase over time.increase over time.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1990

English

NotEnglish

To Summarize:To Summarize:

Language is a set of symbols, which allows Language is a set of symbols, which allows people to communicate with each other people to communicate with each other (both verbal and nonverbal)(both verbal and nonverbal)

Language can be a source of Language can be a source of discrimination.discrimination.

Language is a common source of Language is a common source of confusion, even among members of the confusion, even among members of the same culture.same culture.

Language is a vital means of transmitting Language is a vital means of transmitting culture.culture.

Exit SlipExit Slip

1. 1. What are some examples of What are some examples of methods of communication? methods of communication? Name two verbal and two Name two verbal and two nonverbal examples. nonverbal examples.

2. How can language change over 2. How can language change over time? time?

3. What is the role of language 3. What is the role of language within a culture? within a culture?