EQ: How is life based on EQ: How is life based on chemical processes?chemical processes?

Warm-up: Warm-up:

1. What is the meaning of each of 1. What is the meaning of each of these prefixes?these prefixes?

……monomono

……polypoly

……macromacro

2. Why is carbon important to all 2. Why is carbon important to all living things?living things?

Do you know? Do you know?

What do all these substances have What do all these substances have in common?in common?

The Mac Daddies of The Mac Daddies of MoleculesMolecules

Or Macromolecules and their Or Macromolecules and their functions in living things…..functions in living things…..

MacromoleculesMacromolecules-what -what are they?are they? Giant molecules formed from Giant molecules formed from

monomersmonomers by by polymerizationpolymerization into into polymers!polymers!

MonomersMonomers are smaller molecules, are smaller molecules, like beads in a necklace or links in like beads in a necklace or links in a chain (think bling).a chain (think bling).

PolymerizationPolymerization is just a fancy is just a fancy term for becoming a big ole term for becoming a big ole molecule!molecule!

Macs…Important for Macs…Important for LifeLife CarbohydratesCarbohydrates LipidsLipids Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids ProteinsProteins

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Made of Made of Carbon:Hydrogen:OxygenCarbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen in in a 1:2:1 ratioa 1:2:1 ratio

Found in fruits, vegetables, & grainsFound in fruits, vegetables, & grains Made from Made from monosaccharidesmonosaccharides (single (single

sugars) which form sugars) which form polysaccharides polysaccharides (many sugars)(many sugars)

Examples: glucose, fructose, starch, Examples: glucose, fructose, starch, sugarssugars

We get We get energyenergy from carbs! from carbs!

LipidsLipids They will not dissolve in water.They will not dissolve in water. They are made of fatty acids & They are made of fatty acids &

glycerol (triglyceride=1 sug. + 3 glycerol (triglyceride=1 sug. + 3 fatty acids)fatty acids)

They are fats, steroids, oils and They are fats, steroids, oils and waxeswaxes

Examples are margarine, shortening, Examples are margarine, shortening, meats, olive oil, peanut oilmeats, olive oil, peanut oil

Lipids are used for Lipids are used for storing energy storing energy (why it pays to have some fat on (why it pays to have some fat on you!)you!)

Made of carbon & hydrogenMade of carbon & hydrogen

Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

Are made of Are made of nucleotidesnucleotides (a nucleotide is (a nucleotide is the monomer of n.a.s)with 3 parts-the monomer of n.a.s)with 3 parts-– 5 carbon sugar+nitrogen base+phosphate 5 carbon sugar+nitrogen base+phosphate

groupgroup

Commonly known as Commonly known as DNADNA and and RNARNA

What they do: What they do: transmit genetic transmit genetic information information (in other words, why you have (in other words, why you have great aunt Edna’s winning smile or uncle great aunt Edna’s winning smile or uncle Harry’s ears)Harry’s ears)

ProteinsProteins

Proteins are chains of Proteins are chains of amino acids amino acids (the (the monomer of proteins), like a beaded monomer of proteins), like a beaded necklace, that sometimes fold into weird necklace, that sometimes fold into weird shapesshapes

Their functions are VAST!!!!!Their functions are VAST!!!!!– ENZYMES ENZYMES (promote chemical reactions)(promote chemical reactions)– Provide structure Provide structure (hair, bones, muscles)(hair, bones, muscles)– AntibodiesAntibodies (fight infection) (fight infection)– Carry things Carry things (oxygen from lungs to rest of (oxygen from lungs to rest of

body)body)

One more note about One more note about proteins…proteins… Amino acids covalently bond in different Amino acids covalently bond in different

order to make different proteins.order to make different proteins.

THEIR ORDER DETERMINES WHICH THEIR ORDER DETERMINES WHICH PROTEIN IT IS!PROTEIN IT IS!

There are about 20 different amino There are about 20 different amino acids.acids.