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Sound Reinforcement & Acoustics inSound Reinforcement & Acoustics in

MultiMulti--Purpose ArenasPurpose Arenas

Arena AufSchalke Gelsenkirchen now VeltinsArenaArena AufSchalke Gelsenkirchen now VeltinsArena

Gottlieb Daimler Stadion StuttgartGottlieb Daimler Stadion Stuttgart

bybyVolkerVolkerLoewerLoewer, IFB, IFBConsultingConsulting

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Speech

Music Voice-Alarm

Live Recorded

Ease of operation

Flexibility

...

Multi-Purpose Arena

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SPLmax

Frequency Response Phase Response

STI

Background Noise Reverberation

Reflections

Noise Pollution

Multi-Purpose Arena

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Expectation of the Owners

Tools for the Technicians Entertainment for the Patrons

(that is where the money comes from)

Multi-Purpose Arena

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Input InputInput Input

Introduction

Process (it is all a matter of nature)

Subjective, Sensual Experience

Models

ResultProcessSensual

Experience

Input

Input

Input

Nature

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Algorithm,

Calculation

Models, Algorithms

Simplifying processes happening around us (nature)

Discovering and understanding interaction and dependencies

Calculate/Simulate paramaters and results

Results

Parameters

Subjective

Perception?Listening ?!

Interpretation !

Room

Parameters

SourceParameters

Event

Parameters

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Source Properties

Directivity

Efficiency

Quantity

Acoustical Properties

Absorption

Reflection

Transmission

Evaluation Concept, Input

Geometry

Significant boundaries

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Simulation Concept

Acoustical Properties

Source Properties

Geometry

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Direct Sound Ld

Direct Sound

Speaker output

Directivity

Distance

Number

Aiming

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Efficiency

PPelel

PPakak

PPelel

==

InputInput

1 W1 W

OutputOutput

? W? WPPakak

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Speaker Sensitivity

PPelel

Lsens= ? dB SPL/1W/1mLLsenssens==? dB SPL? dB SPL//1W1W//1m1m

InputInput

1 W1 W OutputOutput

? dB SPL? dB SPL

1m1m

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Speaker Directivity, Q & Di

DDII= 10 log Q= 10 log Q

Q= 1Q= 1

DI= 0 dBDI= 0 dBQ= 4Q= 4

DI= 6dBDI= 6dBQ= 2Q= 2

DI= 3 dBDI= 3 dB

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Direct and Reverberant Sound Field Ld & Lr

Hopkins-Stryker

D/R

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0,25 0,5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64

Distance

SPL

Ld

Lr

Hopkins-Stryker

D/R

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0,25 0,5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64

Distance

SPL

Ld

Lr

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Total Sound Field Lt = Ld + Lr

Hopkins-Stryker

D/R

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0,25 0,5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64

Distance

SPL

Ld

LrLt

Hopkins-Stryker

D/R

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0,25 0,5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64

Distance

SPL

Ld

LrLt

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How is the desired Direct Sound Level generated ?

More or less number of sources? Long Throws, short throws?

Steep aiming angles?

Low or high directivity devices? Coverage according to listening area or shotgun design?

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The Total Acoustic Power Output creates:

Direct Sound Level LdReflection Potential

Reverberation Level (Lr)

Intelligibility (Ld vs. Lr)

Total Sound Pressure Level (Lt = Ld+Lr)

Noise Pollution Potential

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A lower Total Acoustic Power Output *:

reduces Potential Reflections reduces Reverberant Level (Lr)

increases Intelligibility (Ld vs. Lr)

reduces Total Sound Pressure Level (Lt = Ld+Lr)

minimizes Potential Noise Pollution

* for Equal Direct Sound Pressure Level

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and creates an excellent result:

Impulse and Frequency Response, typical

S h T i i I d i d i l

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Speech Transmission Index, not occupied, typical

G ttli b D i l St di St tt t

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Gottlieb Daimler Stadion, Stuttgart

G ttli b D i l St di St tt t Si l ti M d l

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Gottlieb Daimler Stadion, Stuttgart, Simulation Model

Schalke Concept Stuttgart Concept

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Schalke, Concept Stuttgart, Concept

Schalke Stuttgart

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Schalke Stuttgart

+50.000 seats

Direct SoundPressure Level

Ld = 96-107 dB SPL @ 1 kHz

Pacoustic = 800 Watt

+60.000 seats

Direct SoundPressure Level

Ld = 98-107 dB SPL @ 1 kHz

Pacoustic = 1400 Watt

All data from simulationAll data from simulation

Credits

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Credits

Arena AufSchalke, now Veltins Arena FC Gelsenkirchen - Schalke 04 e. V.

media systems, Gelsenkirchen

Gottlieb Daimler Stadion, now

VfB Stuttgart EnBW

Hochbauamt Stuttgart

Siemens Stuttgart

Discussion

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Discussion

Any Questions appreciated

Sound Reinforcement & Acoustics inSound Reinforcement & Acoustics in

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Thank You for Your Attention!

MultiMulti--Purpose StadiumsPurpose Stadiums