Epidemiology BIO220 – Introductory Microbiology Copyright 2009, John Ireland.
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Epidemiology BIO220 – Introductory Microbiology Copyright 2009, John Ireland
Transcript of Epidemiology BIO220 – Introductory Microbiology Copyright 2009, John Ireland.
Copyright 2009, John Ireland
Epidemiology
BIO220 – Introductory Microbiology
Copyright 2009, John Ireland
Key Concepts
• A Brief History• Branches of Epidemiology• Emerging Infectious Disease• The Story of HIV
Copyright 2009, John Ireland
Copyright 2009, John Ireland
John Snow
With regard to the deaths occurring in the locality belonging to the pump, there were 61 instances in which I was informed that the deceased persons used to drink the pump water from Broad Street, either constantly or occasionally...
John Snow, letter to the editor of the Medical Times and Gazette
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The Ghost Map
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John SnowI had an interview with the Board of Guardians of St James's parish, on the evening of the 7th inst [Sept 7], and represented the above circumstances to them. In consequence of what I said, the handle of the pump was removed on the following day.
John Snow, letter to the editor of the Medical Times and Gazette
Copyright 2009, John Ireland
Copyright 2009, John Ireland
Florence Nightingale
It may seem a strange principle to enunciate as the very first requirement in a hospital that it should do the sick no harm.
Florence Nightingale
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Copyright 2009, John Ireland
Branches of Epidemiology
Descriptive Analytical Experimental
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Emerging Infectious Diseases
EID
Microbial Evolution
Human SusceptibilityHuman Conflict
Economic Development Climate Change
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EID in the United States
MDR TuberculosisWest Nile Virus
Cryptosporidium
Hantavirus
HIV/AIDS
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EID Worldwide
Prion Disease
Lyme Disease
SARSH5N1
Nipah
HIVEbolaLyssa Virus
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Selected Reported Diseases• VISA/VRSA (Staphylococcus aureus)• Orthopox Viruses (Smallpox, Monkeypox)• Coxiella burnetii• Clostridium tetani• Shigella species• Cryptococcus neoformans• Influenza (normal or avian)Michigan Department of Community Health, 2009
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Case Study – HIV/AIDS"When it began turning up in children and transfusion recipients, that was a turning point in terms of public perception. Up until then it was entirely a gay epidemic, and it was easy for the average person to say 'So what?' Now everyone could relate.“
Harold Jaffe – CDC 1982
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First Signs
"A doctor was treating a gay man in his 20s who had pneumonia. Two weeks later, he called to ask for a refill of a rare drug that I handled. This was unusual - nobody ever asked for a refill. Patients usually were cured in one 10-day treatment or they died" - Sandra Ford
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Isolation
"I believe we have the cause of AIDS.“Dr. Mason (CDC) 4/22/84Discussing the work of Dr. Montagnier in 1983 who would later receive the 2008 Nobel Prize in Medicine
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Origin and Genetics
Greater than 70% of some African countries consume bushmeat on a regular basis.23rd Regional Conference for Africa, 2004
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Outlook in the Beginning
"We hope to have a vaccine [against AIDS] ready for testing in about two years.“
“…yet another terrible disease is about to yield to patience, persistence and outright genius“
HHS Secretary Margret Heckler Announcement on AIDS 4/23/84
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Outlook Now
