epidemiology and outbreak investigations of cholera
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Transcript of epidemiology and outbreak investigations of cholera
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WHY CHOLERA IS IMPORTANT ?????
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YEAR CASES
DEATHS
1950 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2009 2010 2011
176,307 43,285 21,955 5,808 3,315 3,156 3,482 5,004 2,341
86,997 12,947 2,302 155 5 6 12 9 10
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Study about cholera
Applying the study to control cholera
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AGENT HOST MODE OF TRANSMISSION PATHOGENSIS CLINICAL FEATURES CARRIER LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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Vibrio cholera Belonging to Vibrio bacteria
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•They live in water•Vibrio cholera is killed by: Heating for 30 min at 56*C By drying in sunlight Bleaching powder
•El tor is more resistant than classical•They produce a toxin called ENTEROTOXIN
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AGENT HOST MODE OF TRANSMISSION PATHOGENESIS CLINICAL FEATURES CARRIER LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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HOST CHOLERA AFFECTS ANY AGE
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AFFECTS BOTH SEX
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ECONOMICALLY POOR AND LACK OF EDUCATION
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AGENT HOST MODE OF TRANSMISSION PATHOGENESIS CLINICAL FEATURES CARRIER LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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Faecally contaminated water
Contaminated food and water
Overcrowding
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AGENT HOST MODE OF TRANSMISSION PATHOGENESIS CLINICAL FEATURES CARRIER LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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Entry is through oral route Get adhered to small intestine Incubation period is 2- days Causes many symptoms Get excreted to faeces and
vomiting
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• AGENT• HOST • MODE OF TRANSMISSION• PATHOGENESIS• CLINICAL FEATURES• CARRIER• LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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SuspectedIn an area where the disease is not known to be present: severe dehydration or death from acute watery diarrhoea in a patient aged 5 years or more; In an area where there is cholera endemic: acute watery diarrhoea, with or without vomiting in a patient aged 5 years or moreEpidemic ongoing: acute watery diarrhoea with or without vomittingConfirmed A suspected case that is laboratory-confirmed.( Isolation of Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 from stools in any patient with diarrhoea is the laboratory criteria for diagnosis)
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• Stage of evacuation• Stage of collapse • Stage of recovery
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• Sunken eyes• Hollow cheeks • Scaphoid abdomen• Washerman hand and
feet• Loss of elasticity of
skin• Sub-normal temperature• Absent pulse• Low BP• Shallow and quick respiration• Oliguria
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AGENT HOST MODE OF TRANSMISSION PATHOGENESIS CLINICAL FEATURES CARRIER LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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1)PRE-CLINICAL/INCUBATORY CARRIER- INCUBATION PERIOD 1-5 DAYS
2)CONVALESCENT CARRIER-ARE PATIENTS WHO RECOVERED BUT STILL CONTINUE TO EXCRETE VIBRIOS
3)
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AGENT HOST MODE OF TRANSMISSION PATHOGENESIS CLINICAL FEATURES CARRIER LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
CONTROL OF CHOLERA
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LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF CHOLERA
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oLoss of at least 10% of body weightoHypovolemic shockoLow blood pressureoRapid, weak, or undetectable peripheral pulseoSkin has lost normal turgor (“tenting”)oMouth is very dryoThinking is dulled
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