Epi program (blood)
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Transcript of Epi program (blood)
EXPANDED PROGRAM ON
IMMUNIZATION (EPI)PAKISTAN
By
Dr. Syed Sanowar AliAssociate Professor
Department of Community Health Sciences United Medical Dental College
IMMUNITYIt is the Defense mechanism of the body. Protection from an infectious disease. If you are immune to a disease, you can be exposed to it without becoming infected Vaccine: A product that stimulates a person’s immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease, protecting the person from that disease.
Immunization: A process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination. Active Immunity: When dead or live attenuated antigen is given to body to produce antibodies.Passive Immunity: When already prepared antibodies are given to body
Vaccination: The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.
Active ImmunityImmunity developed after contacting pathogens inside the body
Artificial Immunity
Passive Immunity
Natural Immunitye.g. Injection of attenuated live / killed organism or toxoide.g. Infection
Natural Immunity Artificial Immunitye.g. Injection of antibodies or antitoxin
e.g. Antibodies from mother
Immunity provided by antibodies or antitoxins provided from outside the body
PASSIVE IMMUNIZATIONACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
IMMUNIZATIONOR
VACCINATIONVaccination: The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.
Immunization: A process by which a person becomes protected against a disease through vaccination.
In EPI program ONLY
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION
is done
EPI Global EPI Launched By WHO in MAY 1974. With Objective Of Reducing to a negligible level morbidity &
Mortality from Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis, TB & Measles to make immunization against these disease available to every child in the world by 1997.
Pakistan Started Its EPI programme in June-July 1978 with help of WHO & UNICEF.
Hep B Was also Inducted In Pakistan EPI in August 2002. Then HiB & Pneumococcal Vaccines
1. LIVE VACCINES2. DEAD VACCINES3. TOXOIDS4. Others
VACCINES
Route of Administration - Vaccines
Intra-Muscular(90°angle)
Sub-Cutaneous(45°angle)
Intra-Dermal(15 -20°angle)
Oral
2. Female Immunization
EPI program has two parts1. Child Immunization
1. CHILD IMMUNIZATION
EPI Vaccination Schedule Age Vaccines to
be givenDose Form Site Route of
AdministrationAt Birth BCG
OPV00.05 ml Powdered Deltoid
(Rt. Arm)Intra-Dermal
OralAt 6
WeeksPENTA1 (DPT1 + HBV1 + HiB1)
OPV10.5 ml Liquid Ant. Lat.
Lt. ThighIntra-Muscular
OralPCV1 0.5 ml Liquid Rt. Thigh Intra-Muscular
At 10 Weeks
PENTA2 (DPT2 + HBV2 + HiB2)
OPV20.5 ml Liquid Ant. Lat.
Lt. ThighIntra-Muscular
Oral
PCV2 0.5 ml Liquid Rt. Thigh Intra-Muscular
At 14 Weeks
PENTA3 (DPT3 + HBV3 + HiB3)
OPV30.5 ml Liquid Ant. Lat.
Lt. ThighIntra-Muscular
Oral
PCV3 0.5 ml Liquid Rt. Thigh Intra-Muscular
At 9 Months
Measles 0.5 ml Powdered Deltoid(Lt. Arm)
Sub- Cutaneous
At 15 Months
(Booster)
Measles 0.5 ml Powdered Deltoid(Lt. Arm)
Sub- Cutaneous
EPI Vaccination Schedule Vaccine BCG - (Live vaccine)BCG Bacillus Calmette –Guérin
Against Disease Tuberculosis
Ideal age(only one dose)
At Birth(within 1 week)
Dose 0.05 mlForm Powdered
Site Deltoid muscle (Rt. Arm)
Route of Administration
Intra-Dermal
Side Effect Rare – Scar after 3-6 months Immunity Achieved 80% against Pulmonary TB
100% against Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM)
Important : Instruction to mother about Scar
EPI Vaccination Schedule Vaccine OPV - (Live vaccine)OPV Oral Polio Vaccine
Against Disease Poliomyelitis
Ideal age (four doses) At Birth OPV0(within 1 week), 6 (OPV1),10 (OPV2) & 14 (OPV3) weeks
Dose Two drops
Form Liquid
Site Mouth
Route of Administration Orally
Side Effect No
Immunity Achieved 70% in Developing countries100% in Developed countries
EPI Vaccination Schedule Vaccine PENTA PENTA D + P+ T + HBV + HiB
(Toxoid-D&T, Dead-P& others HBV & HiB)
Against Disease Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B & Haemophilus Influenza type B
Ideal age (three doses)
6 (Penta1),10 (Penta2) & 14 (Penta3) weeks
Dose 0.5 ml
Form Powdered
Site Anterio-Lateral site – Mid Left Thigh
Route of Administration
Intra-Muscular
Side Effect Fever, tenderness injection site & Rarely fits
Immunity Achieved 95 – 98 %
EPI Vaccination Schedule Vaccine PCV
(other method)PCV Pneumococcal Vaccine
Against Disease Due to Pneumococcal bacteria (Pneumonia, Meningitis etc.)
Ideal age (three doses)
6 (PCV1),10 (PCV2) & 14 (PCV3) weeks
Dose 0.5 ml
Form LiquidSite Anterio-Lateral site – Mid Right Thigh
Route of Administration
Intra-Muscular
Side Effect Generally No
Immunity Achieved 95 - 98%
EPI Vaccination Schedule Vaccine Measles (Live Vaccine)Against Disease Measles
Ideal age (two doses) At 9 months & 15 months (Booster)
Dose 0.5 ml
Form Powdered
Site Deltoid muscle (Lt. Arm)
Route of Administration
Sub- Cutaneous
Side Effect Generally No
Immunity Achieved 95 - 98%
2. FEMALE IMMUNIZATION
EPI Vaccination Schedule
Vaccine TTTT Tetanus Toxoid
Against Disease Tetanus
Ideal age (five doses) According to schedule
Dose 0.5 ml
Form Liquid
Site Deltoid muscle – Left Arm
Route of Administration
Intra-Muscular
Side Effect Generally No
Immunity Achieved 100%
Vaccination Schedule for Females 15- 45 years (Child Bearing Age - CBA)
Tetanus Toxoid
TT1 TT2 TT3TT4 TT5
Intra-Muscular
At 1st Contact as early as possible
OR during 7th months of Pregnancy
At least 4 Weeks
after TT1
At least 6-12 Months after TT2
At least 1 year after
TT3
At least 1 year after
TT4
Immunity Achieved
No 3 years 5 years 10 years 20 years OR Live long
Contraindications General Contraindications
Acute Illness esp. High grade fever Individual Vaccines
Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Appearance of Neurological Symptoms
But generally there is No absolute Contraindications
THANK YOU!!!!!!!