Epd118 Granarolo High Quality Milk 2013-10-14

8/17/2019 Epd118 Granarolo High Quality Milk 2013-10-14

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ENVIRONMENTA PRODUCT

DECLRATION OFHIGHQUAITY

PASTEURIZED MIK

PACKAGED IN PET BOTTES*

* 0,5 litres, 1 litreand 1,5 litres bottles

CPC code Revision no. Certification no. Valid until Reference year Geographical scope

2211 - Processedliquid milk(unstats.un.org)

2 del 14/10/2013 S-P 00118 14/10/2016 2012 Italy


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PAGE 2

. THE COMPANY

. CERTIFICATION

The company was set up in 1957 by a small cooperative

situated near Bologna and owned by Granlatte Società

Cooperativa Agricola, together with which it forms the largestmilk chain in Italy, with shares held directly by the farmer

members of the cooperative.

Since the early nineties, the Group has been divided into

two distinct, synergistic structures: a consortium of milk

producers (Granlatte) – which operates in the farming industry

and collects the raw material – and a joint-stock company

(Granarolo S.p.A.), which controls the industrial and marketing

activities.

Granarolo is one of the leading food-processing companies in

Italy. The Group closed the year 2012 with a turnover of about

923 million euros and has:

• 7 production plants distributed across the country;

• 2,024 employees;• 1,200 refrigerated vehicles for the distribution.

The group’s business is divided into 3 main areas: milk &

cream, yogurt and dairy products.

Granarolo is the leading Italian company in the sale of fresh

milk and is one of the leaders on the market for UHT

milk (2nd largest market share), yogurt (3rd) and fresh cheese

(2nd).

The central office of Granarolo S.p.A. is situated in Bologna

and it has production plants in several regions of Italy.

Granarolo adopts an integrated approach to quality policies

that combines economic, environmental and ethical objectives

along the entire food chain, from the farm to the consumer’s

table.

A path upon which the Company embarked about 15 years

ago, by opting for a high quality strategy that has culminated

today in the traceability of the chain, in the quality, in the

environment and occupational safety.

4. THE PRODUCTIONPROCESS

1. THE COMPANY

6. SYSTEM BOUNDARIESAND MAIN HYPOTHESES

7. ENVIRONMENTAPERFORMANCES

8. ADDITIONAINFORMATION

9. DIFFERENCES FROMTHE PREVIOUS VERSION

OF THE EPD

11. PCR AND CERTIFYINGBODY

12. REFERENCES

2. CERTIFICATION

3. THE PRODUCT

5. METHODOOGY

10. CONTACTS

13. GOSSARY


1. THE COMPANY





OF THE EPD


12. REFERENCES

2. CERTIFICATION

3. THE PRODUCT

5. METHODOOGY

10. CONTACTS

13. GOSSARY

ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION OF HIGH QUALITY PASTEURIZED MILK PACKAGED IN PET BOTTLES


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PAGE 3

. THE PRODUCT

This Environmental Product Declaration EPD™ concerns the

High Quality pasteurized fresh milk packaged in one and a half

litre, one litre and half litre PET bottles.Granarolo High Quality Milk is one hundred percent Italian

and comes from selected farms, where cows are fed naturally.

The Controlled Chain certification attests the respect of

excellence levels in milking, in collecting, in all the phases of

production and distribution.

The path that led to the production of High Quality milk

set out in 1982, when the Granarolo-Granlatte group set up

the milk supplier payment system based on specific quality

parameters, with a view to orienting the entire supply chain

(starting from the farmers) towards obtaining a superior qualityproduct with the following advantages:

• monitoring of production in the cowshed, through strict

quality controls;

• constant retraining of the zootechnical operators;• technical support in auto-monitoring the farms, offered by

Granlatte.

In 1992, Granarolo was the first company to put high quality

milk on the market, going beyond the standards laid down by

Italian law (Lex n°169/89 and DM n° 185/91).

The standards currently adopted by Granarolo for the raw

material used enable the milk to be subjected to a more delicate

pasteurization process so as to make it more similar to milk

freshly milked and, in addition, the milk is completely safe from

the point of view of health and hygiene.

PARAMETERSWEIGHTED

MEANGEOMETRICA

MEAN

LW

STANDARD

Fat p/v

Energy value

Food fibre

Proteins

Charbohydrates

Fat

Sodium

Calcium

Proteins p/v

Somatic cells(thousands of cells per ml)

Bacterial load(thousands of bacteria per ml)

3.90% > 3.60%

> 3.20%

< 300

< 100

3.45%

223

13

-

-

-

-

281 kJ (67 kcal)

3,35 g

5.00 g (of which sugar 5.00 g)

3.75 g (of which saturated 2.53 g)

0.00 g

0.05 g

120 mg (15% of raccomended daily intake)

TABLE 1 – QUALITY AND SAFETY STANDARDS OF THE GRANAROLO RAW MATERIAL TABLE 2 – NUTRITIONAL DATA (DATA FOR 100 ML OF PRODUCT).


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3. THE PRODUCT

5. METHODOOGY

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PAGE 4

. THE PRODUCTION PROCESS

The production process can be divided into the following four

main phases:

• production and collecting of raw milk at the cowsheds andtransport to the plants;

• production of bottles;

• industrial milk pasteurization and packaging process (Figure

1);

• transport to the distribution platforms (afterwards the milkcan be distributed to sales points or sent to Transit Point

where the pre-ordered products assembly takes place).

FIGURE 1 – GRANAROLO PLANTS WHERE IN 2012 HIGH QUALITY MILK PACKAGED IN 1.5 LITER, 1 LITER AND 0.5 LITER PET BOTTLES WAS PRODUCED.

Pieve Emanuele (MI)

Roma

Bologna

Gioia del Colle (BA)

Nola (NA)

Bologna

0,5 - 1 - 1,5 litri

Anzio(RM)

0,5 - 1 litro

Castrovillari (CS)

1 - 1,5 litri

Gioia del colle (BA)

0,5 - 1 litro

2012 total High Quality milk in 1.5 l PET – 8,387,856 litres

2012 total High Quality milk in 1 l PET – 94,626,258 litres

Production plant

ogistic platform

2012 total High Quality milk in 0.5 l PET – 2,175,406 litres

72 %

Assolac

5.4 %

Assolac

20.7 %

Pasturago

26 %

Anzio

4 %Anzio

8.2 %

Bologna

14.2 %

Gioia del Colle

87.8 %

Gioia del Colle

33.7 %

Bologna

1.5

litres

1

litre

0.5

litres

28 %

Bologna

Pasturago (MI)

1 litro


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PAGE 5

Before being unloaded, the milk received is subjected to

an initial incoming test to make sure that it is suitable for

processing.

After the refrigerated storage phase, the milk is transferred to

the pasteurization process, which consists of a continuous flow

heat treatment at a temperature of 73-75°C for 21” (Figure 2).The phase after the pasteurization process consists in

packaging the milk (Figure 3); the process starts with the

transformation of the preforms into bottles, which are

transferred to the filling machine and then labelled and grouped

into bundles located on pallets.

The packaged milk is then transferred to distribution from

where it will be distributed directly to the points of sale or

via the Transit Points where the pre-ordered products areassembled.

FIGURE 2 – DIAGRAM OF MILK PASTEURIZATION PROCESS. FIGURE 3 – THE PACKAGING OF MILK IN PET BOTTLES.

Arrival of raw milk PackagingProduction of preform

Stretch-blow moulding

Packaging

abelling

Packaging with heat shrink film

Pallettizing and winding

Storage in refrigerator

Shipment

Pasteurized

milk

Cooling Cooling

Pasteurization

74 c° for 21 secondsStorage in silo

Warming up Bacterial removal

Titration

Homogenization

Degassing Skimming


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PAGE 6

. METHODOOGY

The environmental performance of the product was quantified

as laid down in the general rules of the EPD Program1 and in

the specifications of the group of products “Processed liquidMilk and cream”, using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) meth-

od regulated by the ISO 14040 series international standards,

which are used to determine environmental impacts in terms

of consumption of resources and atmospheric emissions of a

product or service throughout its life (“from cradle to grave”).

In this specific case, the LCA analysis was developed using

some LCA databases as a further support tool, such as Ecoin-

vent and PlasticsEurope (within the software SimaPro v.7.3.3);

the contribution of generic data to the end results was less than

10%. The study was conducted on direct suppliers-producers,who were sent detailed questionnaires to ensure a complete

characterization of their production activity.

The data are referred to the following periods:

• 2012 for the processes that take place in the plants in Bolo-

gna, Anzio, Gioia del Colle, Pasturago and Assolac-Castrovillari;

• 2012 for the PET bottle preforms and the PE caps manufactur-

ers.

• 2012 for the 18 farms of the sample from

which data about milk production were collected.

1 INTERNATIONAL EPD® SYSTEM MANAGED BY THE INTERNATIONAL EPD CONSORTIUM -IEC (WWW.ENVIRONDEC.COM).


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PAGE 7

. SYSTEM BOUNDARIES AND MAIN HYPOTHESES

The limits of the system studied include the entire High Quality

Milk production process handled by Granarolo and, to be more

precise, the production of milk at the farms, the pasteurizationand packaging at the Granarolo Group and Assolac Castrovillari

plants, the transport to the preliminary storage platforms and

then to the Transit Points.

A detailed diagram of the system analysed is shown in Figure

4, which illustrates three different levels or subsystems for the

following production activities:

Upstream processes

• “farms” raw milk production at the cowsheds;• “production of packaging materials” production of the PET

preforms, of the packaging indicated on the bill of materials of the bottled High Quality Milk and of the auxiliary materials for

the pasteurization process.Core processes• “Granarolo process” milk pasteurization and packagingactivities.Downstream processes• “transport of finished product” the transport of the PETpack-aged High Quality Milk to the distribution platforms andthe transit points;• conservation in the refrigerator;• end of life of primary packaging.

Bovini, Alimenti, Acqua,

Detergenti, Consumi energetici.

Aziende agricole

Trasporto alle

FIGURE 4 – DIAGRAM OF THE GRANAROLO MILK PRODUCTION SYSTEM.

UPSTREAM PROCESSES

Feed, Water, Detergents, Energy

P R O D U C T I O N

O F R A W M

I L K

P R O D U C T I O N

O F P A C K A G I N G

O U

T P U T

I N P U T

ENERGY

ENERGY

ENERGY

WATER

T R A S P O R T O F

P R E F O R M S

T R A N S P O R T O F

R A W M

I L K

P R O C E S S

T R A N S P O R T O F F

I N I S H E D P R O D U C T S

T R A N

S P O R T

Deiezioni, Rifiuti,

Emissioni Fermentazione Enterica

Raw

materialsProduction of caps

and PET preforms

Plants: Bologna, Anzio, Gioia del

Colle (Sail), Pasturago, Castrovil-

lari (Assolac).

Farms

Pasteurization

Transport to

logistic platforms

Conservation in

the refrigerator

End of life of

primary packaging

Packaging

CORE PROCESSES DOWNSTREAM PROCESSES


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3. THE PRODUCT

5. METHODOOGY

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13. GOSSARY



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The numbers reported in the tables above are the outcome of rounding. For this reason total results could slightly differ from the sum of contributions of the different phases.

In accordance with the rules of the EPD™ system, below are

shown the environmental performances referred to 1 l itre of

milk. As the milk is distributed in 1.5, 1 and 0.5 litres bottles,the results will be presented keeping the functional unit fixed

bottle).

Resources consumption

The need for resources is indicated in three separate sections:

renewable resources (Table 3), non-renewable resources (Table4) and water consumption (Table 5).

. ENVIRONMENTA PERFORMANCES

UPSTREAM

RENEWABE RESOURCES

data for 1 l of product

Material

resources

(data in grams)

Wood and biomass

Hydroelectric

Eolic

Solar

Energy resources

(data in MJ)

1 litre

bottle

Milk product ion Packagingproduction

Granaroloprocess

TransportOther materials Conservation End of life ofpackaging

45 9


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UPSTREAM

UPSTREAM

DOWNSTREAM

DOWNSTREAM

CORE

CORE

RENEWABE RESOURCES


RENEWABE RESOURCES


Material

resources

(data in grams)

Material

resources

(data in grams)

Energy resources

(data in MJ)

Energy resources

(data in MJ)

Wood and biomass

Wood and biomass

Hydroelectric

Hydroelectric

Eolic

Eolic

Solar

Solar

44

45

0.13

0.13

0.05

0.03

0.01

0.03

0.09

0.05


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UPSTREAM

NON RENEWABE RESOURCES

data per 1 l of product

Sodium chloride

imestone

(CaCO3)

Potassium chloride

Dolomite

Gravel

Oil

Natural gas

Other

Coal

Oil

Natural gas

Other

Material

resources

(data in grams)

Energy resources

(data in grams)

1 litre

bottle

7.9

11.0

0.4

0.4

0.1

1.8

0.3

0.6


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PAGE 11

UPSTREAM

0.5 litres

bottle

7.9

11.2

0.6

0.6

0.2

4.6

0.3

0.2


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PAGE 12

UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM

T

O

T

A

CORE

7.9 0.4 0.2 0.2


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PAGE 13

UPSTREAM

UPSTREAM

UPSTREAM

NON RENEWABE RESOURCES


NON RENEWABE RESOURCESdata for 1 l of product

NON RENEWABE RESOURCESdata for 1 l of product

1 litre

bottle

0.5 litres

bottle

1.5 litres

bottle

DOWNSTREAM

DOWNSTREAM

DOWNSTREAM

T

O

T

A

T

O

T

A

T

O

T

A

CORE

CORE

CORE

1502

1472

1502


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PAGE 14

UPSTREAM

WASTE

for 1 l of product

1 litre

bottle

DOWNSTREAM

T

O

T

A

CORE

1 1


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PAGE 15

UPSTREAM

IMPACT INDICATORS

d a t a f o r 1 l o f p r o d u c t

Photochemical ozone creation

potential

g C2H

4 eq

Acidification potential

g SO2eq

Eutrophication potential

g PO4 eq

1 litre

bottle

0.48 0.11 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06


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UPSTREAM

UPSTREAM

IMPACT INDICATORS

IIMPACT INDICATORS



Photochemical ozone creation

potentialg C

2H

4 eq


g SO2eq


g SO2eq


g PO4

eq


g PO4

eq

0.5 litres

bottle

1.5 litres

bottle

0.47

0.48

0.16

0.12


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E N V I R O N M E N T A L F O O T P R I N

T S

1 litre

bottle

T

O

T

A

3.6

1.154

1,350

0.3

0.09


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E N V I R O N M E N T A L F O O T P R I N T S

0.5 litresbottle

T

O

TA

3.6

1.145

1,320

0.5

0.16


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E N V I R O N M E N T A L F O O T P R I N T S

1.5 litresbottle

T

O

TA

3.6

1.156

1,350

0.3

0.10


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PAGE 20

. ADDITIONA INFORMATION

Representativeness of the farms

Granarolo acquires the raw material from a large number of farms, all situated in Italy, which are divided into classes, not

only on the basis of the number of animals but also in terms of

the quantity of milk produced per day (expressed in litres/day).

The distribution of milk producers according to the distinction

made by Granarolo is illustrated in Figure 5, from which it

emerges that most of the milk (63.1%) comes from the

cowsheds with a daily production of over 3,000 litres/day.

Primary milk production data

The primary milk production data used for the LCA and todraw up this Environmental Product Declaration refers to a

sample of 18 farms; in quantitative terms, the production of

these companies was equivalent to 14% of the high quality milk

produced by Granarolo in 2012. As regards their production, the

sample cowsheds belong to the three main categories shown in

Figure 5 (501-1,000 l/g, 1,001-3,000 l/g and > 3,000 l/g), so as

to guarantee that 97.6% of the high quality milk produced and

delivered to Granarolo is represented (the cowsheds with a pro-

ductivity of less than 500 litres/day, which account for 2.4% of

the milk were left out of the sample).

Primary milk processing data

The primary milk processing and packaging data refers to all

the 5 plants indicated in Figure 1 and accounts for 100% of the

production of Granarolo High Quality Milk packaged in 1.5, 1

and 0.5 litre PET bottles.

Use and end of life of the bottle

The impacts associated with the use of the milk and

management of the primary packaging after use are closely

correlated with the consumer’s behaviour.

Consumption of High Quality Milk

As regards the use phase, the main environmental impactis associated with the storage of the fresh product in the

refrigerator, considering that High Quality Milk has a life of 6

days following pasteurization.

FIGURE 5 – CONTRIBUTIONS TO TOTAL MILK PRODUCTION OF THE DIFFERENTFARMS CATEGORIES (2012 DATA).

CONTRIBUTIONS TO TOTA MIK PRODUCTION OF FARMS CATEGORIES

.. . /G

. /G

. /G

/G

.

..


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PAGE 21

FIGURE 6 – POSSIBLE WAYS OF REUSING THE PET BOTTLE (23 G) AT THE END OF ITS LIFE.10

SOURCE: 2012 CONAI REPORT.

End of life of the primary packagingThe 1 litre PET bottle is a modern remake of the glassbottle (used in Italy until the seventies); the new containerwas designed with a view to combining the value of tradi-tion with respect for the environment and the need for a

more practical container. In order to reduce the consump-tion of raw materials, Granarolo has gradually reduced theweight of the bottle, by undertaking a project to this aimin 2001, starting from a PET bottle weight of 29 g in 2007,reaching 25 g in 2008, 23.5 g in 2009-2010 and 23 g in 2012,these bottles maintaining their shape and technical charac-teristics at the same time.The information given in this document refers to all thephases that can be controlled directly by Granarolo, so theend of life management of the package (waste disposal) lies

outside the system boundaries assessed in the LCA analy-sis and the EPD, as indicated in the reference PCR.Nevertheless, in relation to the handling of PET bottles atthe end of their life, it should be pointed out that the envi-ronmental impacts depend mainly on the behaviour of the

end user and the local availability of efficient separate wastecollection services. According to statistics, on average, PETwaste in Italy10 is disposed of as follows:• recycling 36%;• waste to energy systems 35%;• delivery to dump 29%.There are two ways of recycling PET: it can be transformedinto secondary raw material or it can be converted into en-ergy as illustrated in Figure 6.

Recycling Feedstock energy

PET recycling eliminates the need toproduce granules from natural rawmaterials.

The production of 23 g of virgin PETrequired about 40 g of energy resources

(oil, gas and coal) and causes the emis-sion of about 80 g of CO

2-eq.

Source: Plastics Europe

One PET bottle has a calorific power(feedstock energy) of about 1 MJ, whichmay be converted into usable energy.

1 MJ of energy corresponds to about 0,025Nm3 of natural gas or 0,026 litres of diesel

and is sufficient for an average-enginecar to travel for about 400 m.

BOTTE

GRAMS OF PET


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PAGE 22

. DIFFERENCES FROM THE

PREVIOUS VERSION OF THE EPD

. CONTACTS

Compared to the previous version of the EPD, in addition to theupdate of the data, there have been the following changes:

• the method of calculation of the impacts of milk is changed

(the reference are PCR 2013:16 Raw Milk recently released);

• the method of allocation of the impacts of different dairy

products at the processing plants is changed (the refrence

are the recently published PCR 2013:17);

• data used for the modeling of PET were updated with more

recent literature sources (Plastics Europe, 2011);

• the amount of product packaged in various plants has been

updated with the 2012 data. In particular the production inBologna and Anzio of the 0.5 liters format, previously pro-

duced only in Gioia del Colle, has begun.

For further information about the Granarolo Group or

this environmental declaration, contact Mirella Di Stefano

(Environmental Management System Specialist of the

Granarolo Group) by telephone: no. 051-41.62.599, by e-mail:

[email protected] or by writing to Granarolo

S.p.A., Via Cadriano 27/2 – 40127 Bologna - Italia. Alternatively,

information can be found at the www.granarolo.it site.

Granarolo was given technical support by Life Cycle

Engineering srl (www.studiolce.it).


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PAGE 23

. PCR AND CERTIFYING BODY

PCR: PCR 2013:17 version 1.0 (2013-09-17) Processed Liquid Milk

and cream(CPC code 221).

PCR review, was conducted by: Technical Committee of the In-

ternational EPD® System.

PCR moderator: Filippo Sessa – Life Cycle Engineering srl

Independent verication of the declaration and data, according

to ISO 14025:2006:

EPD process certification EPD verification

Third party verier: Certiquality

Accredited or approved by: Accredia

EPDs belonging to the same product category but coming from

different programs are not necessarily comparable.


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PAGE 24

. REFERENCES

• ENEA LCA-lab – Laboratorio di ricerca e consulenza ambien-

tale – Spin off ENEA “Analisi del ciclo di vita di allevamenti Alta

Qualità Granarolo (Aggiornamento dati e ampliamento campio-ne indagine) Rev. 0 del 12/09/2007;

• ENEA LCA-lab – Laboratorio di ricerca e consulenza ambien-

tale – Spin off ENEA “Analisi del Ciclo di Vita di allevamenti AQ

del Sud Italia” - Rapporto Tecnico LCA RT22 - Revisione 0 del

09/05/2009;

• Product Category rules PCR 2013:17 version 1.0 (2013-09-17)

Processed liquid milk and cream (CPC code 221). www.environ-

dec.com

• The International EPD System, 2013. General Programme In-

structions for the International EPD System, Versione 2.01, del

18/09/2013

• IDF 2010, A common carbon footprint approach for dairy. The

IDF guide to standard lifecycle assessment methodology for

the diary sector. Bullettin of International Dairy Federation,

445/2010;

• IDF 2005, Guide on Life Cycle Assessment Toward Sustainabiì-

ity in the Dairy chain, Bullettin of International Dairy Federation,

398/2005;• ISO 14025:2006. Environmental labels and declarations – Type

III environmental declarations – Principles and procedures

(www.iso.org);

• ISO 14040/14044:2006. ISO series on Life Cycle Assessment

(Valutazione del ciclo di vita), UNI EN ISO 14040:2006 e

14044:2006 (www.iso.org);

• Software SimaPro versione 7.3.3 del 2012 (www.pre.nl);

• IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas InventoriesVolume 4 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use chapter

10 emissions from livestock and manure management (www.

ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp);


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PAGE 25

. GOSSARY

Acidication

It is a phenomenon for which precipi-

tation is unusually acidic, meaning that

it has substandard levels of pH. It can

have harmful effects on plants, aquatic

animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is

caused by emissions of SO2, NO

x and

NH3. The acidification potential is meas-

ured in mass of sulfur dioxide equivalent

(SO2-eq).

Carbon footprint

A product carbon footprint is the total

amount of greenhouse gases produced

along the entire life cycle. It is expressed

in equivalent mass of carbon dioxide

(CO2-eq).

Photochemical OxidantsCreation

Chemical reaction brought about by the

light energy of the sun. The reaction of

nitrogen oxides with hydrocarbons in the

presence of sunlight forms the ozone in

the troposphere. The indicator is mainly

influenced by VOCs (Volatile organic

compounds) and NOx emissions and is

usually expressed in mass of ethylene

equivalent (C2H

4-eq).

Ecological footprint

The ecological footprint measures the

area of biologically productive land and

water required to provide the resources

used and absorb the carbon dioxide waste

generated along the enire life cycle. It is

measured in standard units called global

hectares (gha).

Eutrophication

It is an abnoral proliferation of vegetation

in the aquatic ecosystems caused by theaddition of nutrients into rivers, lakes or

ocean, which determinates a lack of oxy-

gen. The utrophication potential is main-

ly influenced by emission into water of

phosphates and nitrates. It is expressed

in mass of PO4-equivalent.

Water footprint

The water footprint is the water both di-

rect and indirect required to manufacture

a product along its entire life cycle. Water

footprint is defined as green water (evap-

otranspiration of water from plants), as

blue water (directly used fresh surface

and groundwater) and as grey water (the

volume of water that is required to dilute

pollutants so that the quality of the water

remains above agreed quality standards).


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13. GOSSARY


Epd118 Granarolo High Quality Milk 2013-10-14

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