EPA’s Locomotive and Marine Diesel Proposal
description
Transcript of EPA’s Locomotive and Marine Diesel Proposal
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EPA’s Locomotive and Marine Diesel Proposal
March 27, 2007
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Overview• Locomotives, Marine Diesels, and Air Quality
• Locomotives– What the rule covers– Background on locomotives and railroads
• Marine Diesels– What the rule covers– Background on marine diesels
• What We’re Proposing
• Benefits and Costs
• The Process for Completion
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Reconciling Diesels with the Environment: EPA’s National Clean Diesel Campaign
Nonroad Dieselsales over 650,000 / yr12B gallons / yrfinal rule 2004fully phased in 2015
Tier 2 Light-Dutyfinal rule 1999fully phased in 2009Diesels held to same stringent standards as gasoline vehicles
Heavy-Duty Highwaysales 800,000 / yr40B gallons / yrfinal rule 2000fully phased in 2010
Locomotive/Marinesales 40,000 (1,000 locomotives) / yr6B gallons / yrproposal 2007fully phased in 2017
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Diesel PM2.5
Total=78,000 tons/yr(diesel-fueled engines)
Mobile Source NOxTotal=4,500,000 tons/yr
The Last Big Mobile Source:1/3 of NOx and
2/3 of diesel PM in 2030
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Trucks 1991
Trucks 1991
1998199820042004
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NOx (g/hp-hr)
PM
(g/h
p-h
r)
Current Locomotive/Marine Diesel Standards Are Comparable to Early 1990’s
Diesel Truck Standards
New locomotives todayNew locomotives today
New marine diesels today
Trucks 2010; nonroad machines 2014
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What the Rule Covers-- Locomotives
Switch
Line-Haul
Passenger
Sales ~700-1200 / yearTypically rebuilt every 5-7 years
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GE
EMD
EMD 710 series2-stroke Tier 2
GE Evolution series4-stroke Tier 2
North American Locomotive Market:2 Major Builders (GE & EMD)8 Major Customers (Class 1 railroads + Amtrak)
• BNSF, • Union Pacific, • CSX, • KC Southern, • Norfolk Southern, • Canadian Pacific,• Canadian National
Class 1 line-haul
Class 2&3
Passenger
Switcher
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What the Rule Covers--
Marine Diesels
Category 1 Commercial (<5 liter/cylinder)~15,000/year (about half are aux engines)
Recreational~15,000/year
Category 2 (5 to 30 liter/cyl) <300/year
<75 hp<10,000/year
gen sets sailboats
cruisers
yachts
auxiliary power for ocean-going vessels
workboats fishing vesselspolice boats
ferries
tugboats
Great Lakes freighters
Covered in separate initiative ocean-going ships
Category 3(>30 liter/cyl)
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Marine Diesel Engines
Category 1 Commercial
Recreational
Category 2<37 kW
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Marine Diesel Emissions– Not Just a Coastal ConcernU.S. Waterways (from American Waterways Operators, Inc., 1981)
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Technical Challenges to Applying Tier 4 Technologies to Smaller Vessels
• Engine compartments wrap around the engine• Limited space for additional technology• Bigger issue for recreational and small commercial
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Proposed Locomotive Standards
locomotive
groups date
PM NOx
standard
(g/hp-hr)
reduction
%
standard
(g/hp-hr)
reduction
%
Remanufactured Locomotive Standards
Remanufactured
Tier 0 & 1
2008 as available
2010 required0.22 ~60% 7.4 - 8.0 ~20%
Remanufactured
Tier 2
2008 as available
2013 required0.10 50% 5.5 --
Newly-built Locomotive Standards
New Interim
(Tier 3) Standards2012 0.10 50% 5.5 --
New Long-Term
(Tier 4) Standards
PM 2015
NOx 20170.03 ~90% 1.3 80%
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Proposed Marine Diesel Standards
date
PM NOx
standard
(g/hp-hr)
reduction
%
standard
(g/hp-hr)
reduction
%
New Interim (Tier 3)2009-2014
varies by
engine size~50%
varies by
engine size~20%
New Long-Term (Tier 4)
Commercial >600kW2014-2017
0.03 ~90% 1.3 ~80%
Existing Marine Engines(requesting comment on
remanufacturing stds)
200820-60%
reduction
0-20%
reduction
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0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Base 50-State
Control 50-State
Nationwide PM Reductions From the Proposal
PM
with current standards
with proposed standards
Calendar Year
Pa
rtic
ula
te M
atte
r (a
nnu
al t
ons)
15
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000,000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Base 50-State
Control 50-State
NOx
Nationwide NOx Reductions From the Proposal
with current standards
with proposed standards
Calendar Year
NO
x (a
nnu
al to
ns)
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Proposal Annual Costs and Benefits in 2030
PM NOx
Cost $159M $446M
Inventory reduction, tons 28,000 765,000
Cost per ton $5560 $580
Unit cost as % of typical new locomotive price
(similar for marine; varies vessel to vessel)3%
Monetized benefits $12B
Benefit to cost ratio 20:1
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The Process Toward Completion
• Proposal signed by Administrator Johnson March 1
• Comment period open for 90 days after publication (~July 1st)
• Hearings in Seattle May 8 and Chicago May 10
• Targeting final rule before the end of the year