EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction...
Transcript of EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction...
![Page 1: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EPA Lagoon Design Manual
![Page 2: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
D14 MGD
480 acres
1.2 miles
![Page 4: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Manual LayoutManual Layout
1. Introduction
2. Planning, Feasibility Assessment and Site Selection
33. Design Of Municipal Wastewater Stabilization Ponds Design Of Municipal Wastewater Stabilization Ponds
4. Advanced Design Systems
5 NNutriient RR emovall5.
6. Physical Design and Construction
7. Upgrading Pond Effluents
8. Cost and Energy Requirements
9. Operation and Maintenance
![Page 5: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
IntroductionIntroduction
Basic Processes • Anaerobic • Facultative • AerobicAerobic
In Pond Design Evolution and Enhancements • AIWPS™ (Oswald)AIWPS™ (Oswald) • Deep Sludge Pits • High Performance Shallow Ponds • BIOLAC™
Oxygen AdditionOxygen Addition • LAS International, Ltd. • PRAXAIR, Inc.
![Page 6: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • HighHigh-Performance Aerated Ponds (Rich)Performance Aerated Ponds (Rich) • BIOLAC™
Nutrient RemovalNutrient Removal • Nitrogen
In pond Modified high performance aerated systems for nitrification/denitrification In ppond with wetlands and ggravel bed filters
• Phosphorus
![Page 10: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ff
IntroductionIntroduction
Effluent TSS ((Alggae)) Removal • Lemna • Alggae settlingg basins • Barley straw
![Page 12: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
f
Planning, Feasibility Assessment d Si S iand Site Sellection
• Estimates for Land Area
• Potential for Floods
•• Water RightsWater Rights
![Page 14: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
f
Planning, Feasibility Assessment d Si S iand Site Sellection
• Land Area Estimates for 1 MGD Syystems
Treatment S tSystem
North Mid-Atlantic South
Facultative 165 110 50 Controlled Discharge 160160 160160 160160
Partial-Mix AeratedAerated 50 35 30
Complete-Mix Aerated 5 5 2.5
AIWPS™AIWPS™ 30 20 15
![Page 15: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1985
1981 1973
1985
![Page 16: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Design Of Municipal Wastewater S bili i d Stabilization
PP onds
• Anaerobic pponds
• Facultative ponds
• AAerattedd pondd systtems
![Page 19: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Anaerobic pondsAnaerobic ponds Advantages • Infrequent sludge removal • High degree of stabilization is possible • Low or no energy requirementsLow or no energy requirements • Ease of operation
DisadvantagesDisadvantages • Incomplete BOD5 removal • Odors • Processes are sensitive to temperature
![Page 20: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
res l f des ned to
Facultative pondsFacultative ponds Advantages • Infrequent sludge removal • Effective in removing settleable solids, BOD5,
pathoggens, fecal coliform,, and ,, to a limited extent ,,p ,ammonia
• Easy to operate • Requires little energy, partttle energy, part cularly icularly if designed toRequ g
operate with gravity flow
![Page 22: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Facultative pondsFacultative ponds
Disadvantages • Sludge accumulation is higher in shallow facultative
ponds and in cold climates • Ammonia levels in effluent are not easyy to control in
all seasons • Emergent vegetation must be controlled to avoid
creatingg breedin gg areas for mosqquitoes and similar iinsect vectors
• Requires relatively large areas of land due to shallow depth
• Objectionable odors occur if the aerobic blanket decreases and during spring and fall pond turnover
![Page 23: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Aerobic pondsAerobic ponds
Advantagges • The advantages are similar to those for conventional
facultative ponds with more reliable BOD5 removal. Significant nitrification of ammonia is also possibleSignificant nitrification of ammonia is also possible, given sufficient mean cell resident time (MCRT). Added O2 allows for more treatment in less space and reduces the potential for noxious odorsreduces the potential for noxious odors.
Disadvantages • The disadvantages relate to the increased capital and
operation and maintenance costs, including the need for more and better trained staff.
![Page 25: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ff
Aeration TypesAeration Types
Diffused • Course bubble • Fine bubble
Mechanical • FiFixedd • Splash
•• FloatingFloating • Turbos
![Page 27: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Advanced Design SystemsAdvanced Design Systems
• Advanced Integgrated Wastewater Pond Syystems®
• Systems with Deep Sludge Cells
•• High performance Aerated Pond System (Rich design) High-performance Aerated Pond System (Rich design)
![Page 34: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond S t ® Systems®
Anaerobic Pretreatment Cell • HRT = 2 days • Integrate fermentation pits • IInfl fluent con
t
tacts ts anaerobibic biomasssst bi • Provide mechanism for solids removal piping and
hookupps for vacuum truck • Several pits in a single pond vs. several ponds each
with single pit • Stuck in acid phaseStuck in acid phase • Low levels inhibit methane production • Add alkalinity if needed
![Page 35: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond S t ® Systems®
Cell #2: Secondaryy or Hi ggh Rate Pond • Oxic environment for dissolved solids digestion • Oxygen supplied by mechanical aeration equipment
or al
lgae usising shallllow racettrack d k design withith paddlddlesh si wheel mixer
• Depends on available sunshine
![Page 37: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
ro nat on
Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond S t ® Systems®
Cell #3: Settlingg Pond • Algae removal • HRT of 1 to 2 days
Cell #4: Maturation Pond • Provides storage after chlorinationdes storage after chlor • HRT of 10 to 20 days
![Page 40: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
H of 5 to da s
Systems with Deep Sludge CellsSystems with Deep Sludge Cells
Variation of AIWPS • Cell #1: Anaerobic cell • Cell #2: Aerated cell • C ll #3 S ttli llCell #3: Settling cell • Recirculation from cell 3 to cell 1 for odor cap • HRT of 15 to 20 daysy
![Page 41: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
HighHigh-performance Aerated Pond Systemperformance Aerated Pond System
Two cell syystem • Complete mixed cell • Settling basin • S lids st bili ti d sl d stSolids stabilization and sludge storage. • Algal growth is controlled by low hydraulic retention
time.
![Page 43: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
BIOLAC® ProcessBIOLAC Process
Advantagges • Either a partial mix or complete mix cells • Operate as an extended aeration activated sludge
system to nitrify NH or to achieve nitrification and system to nitrify NH3 or to achieve nitrification and denitrification.
Disadvantages • Operation and maintenance are more complex, • Conventional extended aeration activated sludge when Conventional extended aeration activated sludge when
nitrification or denitrification are required.
![Page 45: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
f
LEMNA systemsLEMNA systems
Duckweed syystem for pphoto-shadingg
Required harvesting duckweed
Now using floating covers for same effect Now using floating covers for same effect
![Page 47: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Nitrogen RemovalNitrogen Removal
• Alggal upptake
• Sludge deposition
•• Adsorption by bottom sedimentsAdsorption by bottom sediments
• Nitrification
• D i ifi Denitrificatiion
• Volatilization
![Page 52: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Nitrogen RemovalNitrogen Removal
Ammonia removal
• Function of pH
•• Function of temperatureFunction of temperature
• 2 Models used
Pl fl• Plug flow reactor
• Complete mix reactor
![Page 54: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
-
Nitrogen ModelsNitrogen Models
Plugg fflow -K [ t + 60.6 (pH - 6.6)] • Ne = No e T
– N = effluent total nitrogen, mg/L e
– NN0 = influent total nitrogen mg/L influent total nitrogen, mg/L0
– KT = temperature dependent rate constant -20)– K = 0.0064 ( 1.039) (T 20)KT = 0 0064 ( 1 039) (T
– t = detention time in system, day
– pH = pH of near surface
![Page 55: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Nitrogen ModelsNitrogen Models
Compplete mixed NN = 0
e 1.080−0.042T )(pH−6.6)• 1 + t(0.000576T − 0.00028)e (
– N = effluent total nitrogen, mg/L e
– N i fl l i /L N0 = influent total nitrogen, mg/L
– T = temperature of pond
– pH = pH of near surface
![Page 56: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Ammonia Form Depends on pHAmmonia Form Depends on pH
100%
80% NH4
+ - N ammonium
ionized ammonia
NH3 - N ammonia gas
unionized ammonia
60%
entage
40%perce
0%
20%
0% 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
pH
![Page 57: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Ammonia Curve depends on TemperatureAmmonia Curve depends on Temperature
0 degrees 0 degrees 10 degrees 10 degrees 20 degrees 20 degrees
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
pH
100%
60%
80%
e NH3
40%
percentag
0%
20%
0%
![Page 58: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
f
–
Nitrogen RemovalNitrogen Removal
Laggoon modifications
• ATLAS IS™ – Internal clarifier system
•• CLEAR™ ProcessProcess – SBR variantCLEAR SBR variant
• Ashbrook SBR – SBR variant
A M ® P Pl i bi i ibb• AquaMat® Process – Plastic biomass carrier ribbons
• MBBR™ Process – Plastic biomass carrier elements
• Poo-Gloo™
![Page 59: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
–
Phosphorus RemovalPhosphorus Removal
Laggoon – Chemical Addition
• Calcium – Lime
•• AluminumAluminum – Alum Poly Aluminum ChlorideAlum, Poly Aluminum Chloride • Iron – Ferric Chlorine
• Pi kl Li F lf Pickle Liquor - Ferrous sulfate
![Page 65: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
f
Total Suspended Solids RemovalTotal Suspended Solids Removal
Control of Alggal Growth
• Shading
•• Barley StrawBarley Straw
• Ultra Sound (sonicfication)
![Page 67: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Physical Design and ConstructionPhysical Design and Construction
Dike construction
• Wave Protection
•• Weather ProtectionWeather Protection
• Animal Protection
• SSeepage
![Page 70: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
State Standards
7,500
9,000
6,000
7,500
e
Utah
4,500
gpd/
acre
1 500
3,000
g
0
1,500
Wyoming New MexicoNevada
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Liquid Depth
![Page 74: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
State Standards
7,500
9,000
6,000
7,500
e
Utah
4,500
gpd/
acre
Idaho & Wyoming
1 500
3,000
g Idaho & Wyoming
0
1,500 Colorado
Arizona
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Liquid Depth
![Page 75: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Cost and Energy RequirementsCost and Energy Requirements
• Construction CostsConstruction Costs • Power Costs
![Page 76: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
![Page 78: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
![Page 79: EPA Lagoon Design Manual - Indian Health Service Lagoon...• PRAXAIR, Inc. IntroductionIntroduction Modifications that require energy • Partial Mix • Complete Mix • High-Performance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022020315/5ab7d1727f8b9ad13d8bcc7a/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
6,000
5,000
4 000 4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
00
Lagoons
Power UsagePower Usage
Trickling Filters Activated Sludge
Process Type
kWWh/
MG
Membranes