7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

1/38

Unit 2: Physical Geography

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

2/38

TEKS Covered in this Section: Geography 9 The student understands the concept of

region as an area of Earths surface with related

geographic characteristics. Geography 9 (A) Identify physical and/or human factors such

as climate, vegetation, language, trade networks, politicalunits, river systems, and religion, that constitute a region.

Geography 9 (B) Describe different types of regions,including formal regions.

Social Studies Skills 21 (B) Locate places ofcontemporary geopolitical significance on a map.

Social Studies Skill 22 (C) Use geographicalterminology correctly.

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

3/38

Important Ideas Five Oceans

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Southern

Seven Continents Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North

America and South America

Latitude, landforms, and nearness to bodies ofwater greatly affect climate

Landforms, soil and climate greatly affect theplants and animals that can be found in each place

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

4/38

NORTH AMERICA

Worlds third largest

continent Located in the Western

Hemisphere Bordered by the Atlantic,

Pacific and Arctic Oceans

and the Gulf of Mexico

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

5/38

NORTH AMERICA

West Indies

Large number of Islands inthe Caribbean Sea

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

6/38

NORTH AMERICA

Physical Features Mountains

Rocky Mountains

Appalachian Mountains

Bodies of Water

St. Lawrence River

Mississippi River

The Great Lakes Rio Grande

Panama Canal

Plains

The Great Plains

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

7/38

SOUTH AMERICA

Worlds Forth Largest

Continent Located in the Western

Hemisphere Lies between the Atlantic

and Pacific Ocean

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

8/38

SOUTH AMERICA

Physical Features Mountains

Andes Mountains (longest range inthe world)

Grasslands and Plains Pampas

Rainforests Amazon Rainforest

Bodies of Water

Amazon River Orinoco River Rio de la Plata

Climate Warm due to location near the

equator

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

9/38

AFRICA

Worlds Second largest

continent Separated from Europe by

the Mediterranean Sea Bordered by the Atlantic,

and Indian Ocean as well as

the Red Sea

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

10/38

AFRICA Physical Features

Deserts Sahara Desert

Largest Desert in the World

Kalahari Desert Savannas

Wild grassland with some trees

Most of Africa is a Savanna

Tropical Rain Forests Central and Western Africa

Mountains and Valleys Atlas Mountains

Great Rift Valley Bodies of Water

Nile River (longest in the World)

Congo, Zambezi, and Niger Rivers

Climate Warm with hot summers and mild winters

due to location near the equator

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

11/38

EUROPE

Second Smallest Continent

Peninsula of Peninsulas Ends at the Ural Mountains

and contains part of Russia Turkey also straddles Asia

and Europe

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

12/38

EUROPE

Mountains

Pyrenees Apennines

Balkans

Bodies of Water

Baltic and North Seas

Mediterranean and Black Seas

Danube, Rhine, Loire, Rhone,Elbe, Vistula, and Volga Rivers

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

13/38

ASIA: THE MIDDLE EAST

Physical Features Deserts

Arabian Desert

Syrian Desert

Bodies of Water

Jordan, Tigris, and EuphratesRivers

Mediterranean, Black, and RedSea

Persian Gulf

Climate

Warm winters and hot summersdue to location near the Equator

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

14/38

ASIA: NORTH AND CENTRALASIA

Bodies of water

Arctic Ocean Ob, Lena, and Volga Rivers

Mountains

Ural Mountains

Separate Europe and Asia

Climate Mostly cold due to location

near Arctic Circle

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

15/38

ASIA: EAST ASIA

Three major counties China

Korea Japan

Physical Features Bodies of Water

Hwang Ho (Yellow River) andYangtze River

Mountains Himalayan, Kunlun, and Tianjin

Mountains

Deserts Gobi Desert

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

16/38

ASIA: SOUTH AND SOUTHEASTASIA

Physical Features

Mountains Himalayan Mountains

Bodies of Water

Indus and Ganges Rivers

Climate

Warm winters and hotsummers

Most important climatefeatures are monsoons

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

17/38

AUSTRALIA

Central Areas are mainly

deserts Worlds largest Corral Reef,

the Great Barrier Reef

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

18/38

ANTARCTICA

Surrounded by the

Southern Ocean No one lives here!

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

19/38

TEKS Covered in this section Geography 3 The student understands how physical processes shape

patterns in the physical environment. Geography 3 (A) Explain weather conditions and climate in relation to annual changes in

Earth-Sun relationships. Geography 3 (B) Describe the physical processes that affect the environments of regions,

including weather, tectonic forces, erosion, and soil building processes. Geography 3 (C) Examine the physical processes that affect the lithosphere, atmosphere,

hydrosphere, and biosphere.

Geography 4 The student understands the patterns and characteristics ofmajor landforms, climates, and ecosystems of Earth and the interrelatedprocesses that produce them. Geography 4 (A) Explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, ocean currents, position

on a continent, and mountain barriers influence temperature, precipitation, and

distribution of climate regions. Geography 4 (B) Describe different landforms and the physical processes that cause their

development.

Geography 4 (C) Explain the influence of climate on the distribution of biomes in differentregions.

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

20/38

IMPORTANT IDEAS

Lithosphere

Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

21/38

PLATE TECTONIC MOTION

Earths lithosphere is

divided into large slabs ofrock known as TectonicPlates

Convection causes theseplates to move

Convection is the spreadof heat through themovement of a fluidsubstance

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

22/38

MOUNTAIN BUILDING

Two continental plates

slowly push up into oneanother

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

23/38

SEAFLOOR SPREADING ANDRIFT VALLEYS

Tectonic Plates moving

apart As plates move apart on

the seafloor, magma canrise up to create ridges ofseafloor mountains

The separation of tectonicplates may also create riftvalleys

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

24/38

EARTHQUAKES ANDTSUNAMIS

Plate movement can cause

breaks in the Earths crustcalled faults A device used to measure

seismic waves is aseismograph

Tsunamis occur when anearthquake happensunderwater

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

25/38

VOLCANOES

Magma breaks through

weaknesses in the Earthscrust

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

26/38

WEATHERING

Breaking down of rocks

caused by Wind

Water

Ice

Living things

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

27/38

EROSION

Process by which rock,

sand, and soil are brokendown and carried away

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

28/38

DEPOSITION

Process where erosion

deposits particles ofsediment in another place

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

29/38

THE WATER CYCLE

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

30/38

OCEAN CURRENTS

Caused by the spinning ofthe Earth and winds

Water heated by the sunmoves away from theequator

The Gulf Stream carries

warm water towards GreatBritain

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

31/38

THE GEOGRAPHY OF WEATHER

Weather is affected bylatitude, elevation, wind

patterns, ocean currents, andmountain barriers

Monsoons, winds carryingmoist air and rain, occur inAsia

Hurricanes occur in theAtlantic Ocean when waterevaporated too quicklycreating an area of lowpressure

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

32/38

EARTHS SEASONS

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

33/38

CLIMATE REGIONS

High-Latitude Climates Sit above each of the arctic

zones Indirect sunlight all the time

Mid-Latitude Climates Sit between the tropics and

the arctic zones

Definite season changes Low-Latitude Climates

Straddle the equator

Very hot temperatures

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

34/38

TEKS Covered in this section Geography 8 The student understands how people, places, and

environments are connected and interdependent. Geography 8 (A) Compare ways humans depend on, adapt to, and

modify the physical environment, including the influences of cultureand technology.

Geography 8 (B) Describe the interaction between humans and thephysical environment and analyze the consequences of extremeweather and other natural disasters.

Geography 8 (C) Evaluate the economic and political relationshipsbetween settlements and the environment, including sustainable

development and renewable / non-renewable resources. Social Studies Skills 23 (B) Use case studies and GIS to identify

contemporary challenges and to answer real-world questions.

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

35/38

HOW PEOPLE ARE AFFECTEDBY THE ENVIRONMENT

Most cities are located nearbodies of water

People generally settle inflat, fertile valleys andplains

People tend to settle in

milder climates that aregood for growing crops

People make use of localplants and animals

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

36/38

HOW PEOPLE MODIFY THEIRENVIRONMENT

Agriculture Urban Growth Building Dams Energy

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

37/38

EXTREME WEATHER

People always have to dealwith extreme conditionsand natural disasters

Hurricanes

Tornadoes

Floods

Droughts

Extreme Heat or Cold

7/28/2019 EOC Unit 2

38/38

GIS AND GLOBAL DISASTERS

Geographic InformationSystems (GIS) are spatialinformation systems thatmerge information fromsatellites and land-basedresources

They use photography,maps, statistics and othersources to find locations ona map