Enzymes
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Transcript of Enzymes
Enzymes
Unit 2
What is an enzyme?
• An enzyme is a special protein
+
What are they made of?
• Enzymes are made of amino acids (just like proteins!!!)
The lock and key model
What do they do?
• Enzymes start or speed up the rate of a chemical reaction.
How do they do that?
• Enzymes lower the activation energy– They make it easier for the reaction to start
like lowering a hurdle
reaction (time)
ener
gy
(kJ)
Ea with enzyme
Ea without enzyme
What is a chemical reaction?
• A chemical reaction is where atoms are rearranged into a different order
– Reactants go into the reaction (left)– Products come out of the reaction (right)
Reactant 1 + Reactant 2 Product
How do they help with a chemical reaction?
• Enzymes match up to a single partner like a lock and a key– We say they are specific
+ ↔ ↔ +
enzyme
reactant
+enzyme-reactant
complex↔products
enzyme
+↔
What happens when they are done helping with the reaction?
• After enzymes help start or speed up the chemical reaction they wait around to help with another reaction– We say they are reusable
What hurts enzymes?
• Enzymes do not like changes in temperature.
• Enzymes do not like changes in pH.
What hurts enzymes?
What happens to an enzyme when temperature or pH changes?
• Enzymes denature (lose their shape, die) in extreme temperatures or pH.
normal denatured
heat
pH