ENVIS Madhya Pradesh Newsletter - hrdp-idrm.in...Siddique Hasan Tank, Munshi Hussain Khan Tank,...
Transcript of ENVIS Madhya Pradesh Newsletter - hrdp-idrm.in...Siddique Hasan Tank, Munshi Hussain Khan Tank,...
ENVIS Madhya Pradesh Newsletter Vol. – 1, Issue - 5
Jan – Mar 2010
Preface
Water is life, in fact, life started from water. It generates energy, flourishes nature, sustains
biodiversity and brings us prosperity and happiness. Our health depends on it. It is used for transport,
irrigation, industries, domestic purpose, adventure sports and provides livelihoods to the people. It
sustains our life. We can not live without water; we could live better, if we knew more about it.
Hydrological aspects of rivers and streams are better known, but their biotic components,
which maintain their water quality, are comparatively less known. The biological diversity and ecological
integrity of water are closely linked with the vitality of freshwater streams embedded in the
landscape. For successful spatial planning of watershed, the management of streams plays a crucial
role, because streams and water bodies are down gradient of most human activities and they receive a
disproportionate burden of pollution and disturbance in developed region. Unplanned canal system for
irrigation has devastating effects on their water regime. Therefore, understanding the hydrology and
hydrobiology of streams and rivers is required to solve the problem of water crisis.
Unlike temperate region of the world, the run-off in streams and rivers of Indian sub-continent
is governed by the interaction of the monsoon with the uplands and the mountains. The increasing
frequency and severity of natural disasters like floods, droughts, cyclones and storms is directly
related to continuous environmental degradation in this region. Added to that global warming is also
playing a crucial role in severe weather patterns As a result the glacial melt from the mountains in the
Tibetan Plateau is increasing year after year. This plays a significant role in altering the ecology of the
whole Indian sub-continent. These rivers not only provide life-sustaining water, but also bring with
them fertile soils from the high Tibetan Plateau to the prime agricultural regions of the downstream
countries. Thus they are the lifeline of billions of people of this subcontinent.
Glaciers in the Himalayas are melting much faster than anticipated which will lead to disruption
in water supplies within the next 25 to 30 years. Due to continuous global warming severe weather
patterns may increase floods in rainy seasons and heat wave and draught in summer. Heavily populated
coastal regions, including the deltas of Ganges and other major rivers are likely to be at higher risk of
increased flooding. Such calamities are going to be more widespread and may hamper rapid economic
growth and urbanization. Increased disruption due to these climatic factors is likely to reduce crops
thereby increasing the risk of widespread poverty, hunger and death. Such calamities may also lead to
increased incidences of diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, malaria, dengue and many other life
threatening illnesses. This book is aimed at to know characteristics of hydrology and biotic components
of rivers and streams that are embedded in landscape of this Asian region, so that measures of use
and conservation of water can be taken for its sustainable development.
Impact of Climate Change on Wetlands of Madhya Pradesh
Upper lake is surrounded by Van Vihar
National Park on the south, human
settlements on the east and north, and
agriculture fields on the west whereas
lower lake is surrounded by human
settlements from all sides. They were
designated as a Ramsar site in November
2002. The Government of Madhya
Pradesh has passed resolution in 2010 to
undertake the improvement measures to
restore their ecological status by river
basin approach. During summer many of
them dry up and the inhabitants of the
City face water scarcity problems.
Chandapata Lake is used for tourism and potable water. The Tighra Reservoir and Ramoua
Reservoir are used for potable water supply and irrigation. From 2000 to 2008, the area of some
of these lakes is reduced e.g. Tighra (11.1189 to 5. 98561km2), Tekanpur (0.98038 to 0.862848
km2), Pehsari (3.9721 to 3.8549 km2), Harsi (17.1460 to 3.7944 km2) and Kaketo (7.2377 to
3.7725 km2). The other lakes are also reduced in area, which is mainly due to climate change and
drying out during summer. The Upper Lake of Bhopal was completely dried during summer of
2008 and the people voluntarily deepened the lake area which is filled up in 2009 because of
good mansoon rains. The recovery of water table solved the problem of water scarcity partially.
If the monsoon rains do not come in June of 2010, the lake would dry up again The other lakes of
Madhya Pradesh, which are considered important sites by the Ministry of Environment and
Forests, Govt of India are Purana Talab, Damoh (5 ha), Devisagar Talab , Dhar (12 ha), Rampur
Tank, Guna district (448 ha), Tawa Rervoir, Hoshangabad district (20,055 ha), Yaswant Sagar ,
Madhya Pradesh is very rich in wetlands. Its capital, Bhopal, is called a “City of Lakes”, because
it has, the Upper Lake and Lower Lake (important Ramsar sites), Shahpura Lake, Motia Tank,
Siddique Hasan Tank, Munshi Hussain Khan Tank, Sarangpani Lake, Kaliasod Lake, Laharpur
Reservoir, Hataikheda Reservoir, and Char Imli Pond, right in the city or adjacent to the city
area. The Bhoj Wetland consisting of two lakes (Upper & Lower lakes) are manmade
reservoirs. The Upper lake was created in the 11th century by constructing an earthen dam
across the Kolans river and the Lower lake was constructed nearly two centuries ago
immediately downstream of the Upper lake, with catchment of 361 and 9.6 km2, respectively.
Tighra Reservoir Ramsagar Reservoir
Gohad Talab
Kotwal and Piluwa Reserviors
Kaketo and Hasrsi Reservoirs
Tekanpur Lake
Dihaila Lake
Indore (720 ha) Sangam Sagar, Jabalpur (16,705 ha), Bhadur Sagar , Jhabua (122 ha),
Mandalewar Tank, Khargone district (107 ha), Parasram Talab, Narsingarh,(20ha), Barna
Reservoir, Bari Raisen district (7,700 ha), Devendranagar Reservoir, Panna (247 ha), Govindgarh
Talab , Rewa district (320 ha), Sagar Lake, Sagar (324 ha), Nagda Tank, Shivpuri district (349
ha), Mahendrasagar, Tikamgarh district (70 ha), Undasa Tank, Ujjain (258 ha. ).
Pachamarhi Jhil
Impacts of Climate Change
Climate change impacts on
inland aquatic ecosystems of Madhya
Pradesh ranges from the direct
effects of the rise in temperature
and CO2 concentration to indirect
effects through alterations in the
hydrology resulting from the changes
in the regional precipitation regimes.
Rising temperature will lower water
quality in lakes through a fall in hypo-
limnetic oxygen concentrations,
release of phosphorus (P) from
sediments, increased thermal
stability, and altered mixing patterns.
Climate change impacts such as more
frequent and severe floods and
droughts will affect the food and
water security of many people. The
impact of climate change on aquatic
ecosystems, fisheries and
aquaculture, however, is not as well
known. This policy brief, a joint
partnership between several agencies,
highlights this issue to ensure that
decision makers and climate change
negotiators consider aquatic
ecosystems, fisheries and aquaculture
at the UNFCCC COP-15 in Copenhagen,
December 2009.
Many fisheries -dependent
communities already live a precarious
and vulnerable existence because of
poverty, lack of social services and
essential infrastructure. The fragility
of these communities is further
undermined by overexploited fishery
resources and degraded ecosystems.
Adaptation measures are well known
by managers and decision makers, but
political will and action are often
lacking. To build resilience to the
effects of climate change and derive
sustainable benefits, fisheries and
aquaculture managers need to adopt
and adhere to best practices such as
those described in the FAO Code of
Conduct for Responsible fisheries.
These practices need to be integrated
more effectively with management of
river basins and watersheds. By
focusing on herbivorous species
aquaculture can provide nutritious
food with a low carbon footprint.
Farming of prawns and mussels is not
only good business, but also helps
clean surface waters, while culturing
aquatic plants helps remove wastes
from polluted waters. In contrast to
the potential declines in agricultural
yields in Madhya Pradesh , climate
change opens new opportunities for
aquaculture as increasing numbers of
species , like Magur, Singhi, Mahaseer,
besides the present practices of
culturing the Major Carps. The
culture of Prawn with herbivorous
carps is the best alternative proposed
by the Pawarkheda Center of Central
Institute of Fisheries Education,
Mumbai.
Release of ENVIS – Madhya Pradesh Newsletter
Shri Jayant Kumar Malliya, Hon’ble Minister, Govt of MP, Dept of Housing & Environment, released the ENVIS-Madhya Pradesh newsletter for the month of Oct-Dec 2009 during the inauguration of the new DMI office building on 29th of March 2010. Shri Alok Shrivastava, Principal Secretary, Govt of MP, Dept of Housing & Environment (second from Left) and Executive Director, Disaster Management Institute, Bhopal (extreme right).
Training Programme on MSW & PSW
A two days training programme on “Management of Municipal Solid Waste and Plastic Waste Management” was organized during February 17-18, 2010 at Hoshangabad district of Madhya
Pradesh. Ms. Maya Naroliya, Chairman, Municipal
Corporation, Hoshangabad Distrcit inaugurated
the programme. Dr. Rakesh Dubey, Director,
DMI, Hoshangabad SDM were also present during
the programme and informed us about the
importance of such training programme and use
of paper bags in place of polythene to avoid such wastes. Training programme was organized
for the officials of Municipal Corporation. Around 40 participants attended the training
Programme.
A training programme on “Disaster Management” was organized for the trainee officials on March 31, 2010 at Bhopal. Dr.
Rakesh Dubey, Director, DMI inaugurated the
programme and gave the lecture on the
management of disaster and briefed about the
special theme on disaster i.e. confined space
safety.
Training Programme on Disaster Management
Narmada River: The Narmada River gained
national prominence in the recent past when the
Indian government proposed to build a dam on
the river (see Amarkantak – Narmada & Sone:
Perennial Streams of Culture under Madhya
Pradesh). The Narmada is an important river as
it happens to be the most sacred of the five
holy rivers of India. Earlier known as Reva and
Mahakalasuta, the Narmada is also referred to
as the lifeline of Madhya Pradesh.
Originating in Amarkantak, the highest peak of the Vindhyan Range, it flows westward
through Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat before finally ending its journey in the Gulf of
Khambat, covering 1300 km distance.
Sone River:- Sone is also called Maikalsut
(whose source is in Maikal) as it originates from a
mountain called Amarkantak in the Maikal Ranges.
In ancient times, Sone was known as Shona. The
Narmada also originates from Amarkantak,
though it flows westward, while Sone journeys
towards the east.
Betwa River:- Originating in the Kumra village in
Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh, the river
Betwa flows for 380km. After meandering
through Madhya Pradesh, it enters the
neighbouring state, Uttar Pradesh, and joins the
river Yamuna in Hamirpur. The Betwa takes along
with it the water of the eastern Malwa plateau.
The tributaries of Betwa are Bina, Yamini,
Dhasan and Ken. In ancient times, the Betwa was
known as Vetrawati.
Ken River: Ken River is a tributary of Betwa River, which flows
in Panna district and enters Uttar Pradesh to meet Betwa River.
Important Rivers of Madhya Pradesh
Tapti River: Apart from the Narmada, the
Tapti is the only river that flows westward and
falls into the Arabian Sea, in the Gulf of
Khambat, to be precise. The 724 km long Tapti
is agriculturally very important as it drains an
area of over 65,145sq km spread over Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat. This river
originates at a height of 762m in Betul district
of Madhya Pradesh (to the south of the
Satpura Range).
Shipra River:- The Shipra starts its journey in
the Vindhya Range from a hill called Kokri Tekdi
situated at a distance of 11km from Ujjain. This
river is 195km long, out of which 93km flow
through Ujjain. It then touches Ratlam and
Mandsaur, before joining the river Chambal. The
main tributaries of Shipra are Khan and Gambhir.
The Shipra has been mentioned not only in
ancient Hindu texts, like the Puranas, but in
Buddhist and Jain scriptures as well.
These water bodies are used primarily for potable water, irrigation and also for capture
fisheries and fish culture. Majority of the water bodies have been promoted for the
development of fisheries. The fishermen cooperatives have rights on the fishing activities in
many reservoirs. Presently the wetlands face the problems of over exploitation for fisheries
& irrigation, and conversion of habitats for land use practices and pollution by pesticides
through run off water from agriculture fields. They are the main resource for livelihoods of
fisher-folks and rural poor.
The Tapti journeys almost parallel to the Narmada, though it is much shorter in length than
the Narmada and has a smaller catchment area.
Important Rivers of Madhya Pradesh
What can we do:
� Move to environmentally friendly and fuel efficient fishing and aquaculture
practices.
� Eliminate subsidies that promote overfishing and excess fishing capacity.
Provide climate change education in schools and create greater awareness
among all stakeholders.
� Undertake vulnerability and risk assessments at the local level.
� Integrate and a climate proof aquaculture with other sectors.
� Strengthen our knowledge of aquatic ecosystem dynamics and biogeochemical
cycles in freshwater such as carbon and nitrogen cycles.
� Encourage sustainable environmentally friendly biofuel production from algae.
� Explore carbon sequestration by aquatic ecosystems.
To, ………………………………………………………………………….…………
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If undelivered, please return to;
ENVIS–MP, Disaster Management Institute Paryavaran Parisar, E-5, Arera Colony, P.B. No. 563, Bhopal-462016 Phone: 0755-2466715, 2461348, 2461538, Fax: 0755-2466653 Website :- www.mpenvis.nic.in Email: [email protected]
Disclaimer: The information in this newsletter has been compiled from various sources and does not necessarily depict the views of the ENVIS-MP or host Institute.