Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs...

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Museum and Critical Storage Environments By David Brooks, P.E. McGuire Engineers [email protected] 2014 YEA CONFERENCE SPECIALTY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN MARCH 25, 2014

Transcript of Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs...

Page 1: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museum and Critical Storage Environments

By David Brooks, P.E.

McGuire Engineers

[email protected]

2014 YEA CONFERENCESPECIALTY ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNMARCH 25, 2014

Page 2: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

OutlineI. Introduction

I. Human comfort vs artifact preservationII. Types of facilities

III. Types of archives

II. PsychometricsI. Relative humidity demystified

II. Moisture and its role in archival preservationIII. Stabilizing temperature and relative humidity

III. Case StudiesI. A major natural history museum

II. A commercial critical storage facility

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Page 3: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museums and Critical EnvironmentsIntroduction - Human Comfort vs Artifact Preservation

Comfort – condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment

Preservation – all action taken to retard deterioration of an object

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Page 4: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museums and Critical EnvironmentsIntroduction - Human Comfort vs Artifact Preservation

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Human Comfort (Pink)

Magnetic Tape and Books (Grey)

Average Library or Museum (Yellow)

Art Storage (Red)

Archival Books (Blue)

Archival Museums (Green)

Fur-Bearing Animal Storage (Purple)

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Museums and Critical EnvironmentsIntroduction - Human Comfort vs Artifact Preservation

Q: What has the greatest impact on preservation?

• Temperature?

• Relative Humidity?

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

A: Relative Humidity and its fluctuation

Inappropriate levels of relative humidity or widely fluctuating relative humidities are implicated in the deterioration of almost every kind of object, organic or inorganic…

Page 6: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museums and Critical EnvironmentsIntroduction – Types of Facilities

• Museums• Exhibits• Artifacts

• Storage

• Restoration

• Processing

• Storage• Public and Private Libraries• National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)• Private documents and materials storage

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Page 7: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museums and Critical EnvironmentsIntroduction – Types of Archives

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Industry Standards for Information Management Environmental Requirements

Record TypeRecord Term

Length

Storage Environment Facility Type

Temperature F Temperature C Humidity RH

Source of Industry Standard

Min MaxTolerable daily changes within

limits +/-Min Max

Tolerable daily changes within

limits +/-Min Max Tolerable daily changes within limits +/-

Paper

Short<10 years

Record Center 55%

ISO 9706 Information and documentation — Paper for documents — Requirements for permanence1234.14: (a) Paper-based temporary records. Paper-based temporary records must be stored under environmental conditions that prevent the active growth of mold. Exposure to moisture through leaks or condensation, relative humidities in excess of 70%, extremes of heat combined with relative humidity in excess of 55%, and poor air circulation during periods of elevated heat and relative humidity are all factors that contribute to mold growth.

Medium>10 years

Record Center Vault

55% 2007 ASHRAE Handbook - HVAC Applications 21.13

Long>50 years

Record Center Vault

57 64 ± 2 14 18 ± 1 35% 50% ± 3% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B

Medical Records - Xray

ShortRecord Center or RMS Facility

none 77 25 20% 50% NARA Resources - Managing X-Ray Films as Federal Records.pdfAssuming acetate or polyester based film. ISO 11799:2003 Annex B; ISO 18911:2000 7.1.1

MediumRecord Center

Vaultnone 70 25 21 20% 50% ± 15%

LongRecord Center

Vaultnone 45 ± 4 none 7 ± 2 20% 50% ± 15%

Geological Samples

Short Record Center

MediumRecord Center

Vault

LongRecord Center

Vault

Federal Paper Records

Short CFR Facility CFR refers to the following withdrawn standards. (1) ANSI/PIMA IT9.11 (incorporated by reference, see § 1234.3); (2) ANSI/NAPM IT9.23 (incorporated by reference, see §§ 1234.3);(3) ANSI/PIMA IT9.25 (incorporated by reference, see § 1234.3);(4) ANSI/NAPM IT9.20 (incorporated by reference, see § 1234.3);(5) ANSI/NAPM IT9.18 (incorporated by reference, see §. 1234.3). It has been assumed that the superseding standards ISO 18911, ISO 18920 and ISO 18923 are the current references. While not directly referenced, it appears that ISO 11799:2003 Annex B is the most applicable standard.

Medium CFR Facility

Long CFR Facility 57 64 ± 2 14 18 ± 1 35% 50% ± 3%

Microforms

Short DP Vault

Medium DP Vault

Long DP Vault

none 36 ± 4 none 2 ± 2 20% 50% ± 5% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B; ISO 18911:2000 7.1.1

none 41 ± 4 none 5 ± 2 20% 40% ± 5% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B; ISO 18911:2000 7.1.1

none 45 ± 4 none 7 ± 2 20% 30% ± 5% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B; ISO 18911:2000 7.1.1

Black & White Film

Silver gelatin on cellulose

acetate base

ShortF&S Record

Center

Medium F&S Vault

Long F&S Vault none 45 ± 4 none 7 ± 2 20% 30% ± 5% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B; ISO 18911:2000 7.1.1

Black & White Film

Silver gelatin or silver dye bleach

on polyester base

ShortF&S Record

Center

Medium F&S Vault

Long F&S Vault none 70 ± 4 none 21 ± 2 20% 50% ± 5% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B; ISO 18911:2000 7.1.1

Photographic Paper Prints - Black & White

Short

Medium none 77 ± 9 none 25 ± 5 20% 50% ± 10% ISO 18920:2000 7.2

Long none 64 ± 4 none 18 ± 2 30% 50% ± 5% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B

Photographic Paper Prints -

Color

Short

Medium

Long none 36 ± 4 none 2 ± 2 30% 40% ± 5% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B

Color Film

ShortF&S Record

Center

Medium F&S Vault

Long F&S Vault

none 14 ± 4 none -10 ± 2 20% 50% ± 5% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B; ISO 18911:2000 7.1.1

none 27 ± 4 none -3 ± 2 20% 40% ± 5% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B; ISO 18911:2000 7.1.1

none 36 ± 4 none 2 ± 2 20% 30% ± 5% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B; ISO 18911:2000 7.1.1

Audio/Video - Analog Acetate

ShortF&S Record

Center

Medium F&S Vault

Long F&S Vault none 27 ± 4 none -3 ± 2 20% 40% ± 5% ISO 18934:2006, ISO 189

Audio/Video - Analog

Polyester

ShortF&S Record

Center

Medium F&S Vault 46 73 ± 5 8 23 ± 3 20% 50% ± 10% ISO18923: 2000

Long F&S Vault

46 73 ± 4 8 23 ± 2 15% 20% ± 5%ISO18923: 2000, ISO 18934:2006: For extended-term storage ISO18923: 2000 recommends a temperature range between 11°C and 23°C and a related range of RH levels between 20% and 50%. In practice, the maximum temperature (23°C) must be associated with the lowest RH (20% RH) for suitable storage, and vice versa.

46 63 ± 4 8 17 ± 2 15% 30% ± 5%

46 52 ± 4 8 11 ± 2 15% 50% ± 5%

Digital Magnetic Tape Polyester

Short

Medium D.P. Vault 46 73 ± 4 8 23 ± 2 15% 50% ± 10% ISO18923: 2000

Long D.P. Vault

46 73 ± 4 8 23 ± 2 15% 20% ± 5%ISO18923: 2000, ISO 18934:2006: For extended-term storage ISO18923: 2000 recommends a temperature range between 11°C and 23°C and a related range of RH levels between 20% and 50%. In practice, the maximum temperature (23°C) must be associated with the lowest RH (20% RH) for suitable storage, and vice versa.

46 63 ± 4 8 17 ± 2 15% 30% ± 5%

46 52 ± 4 8 11 ± 2 15% 50% ± 5%

Digital Storage - Computer Systems

N/A Data Centers 68 77 ± 5 20 25 ± 3 40.0% 55%

Thermal Guidelines For Data Processing Environments, ASHRAE 2004It should be noted that requirements vary by manufacturer and by specific equipment model.

Industry Standards for Information Management Environmental Requirements

Record TypeRecord

Term Length

Storage Environment Facility Type

Temperature F Temperature C Humidity RH

Source of Industry Standard

Min MaxTolerable daily changes within

limits +/-Min Max

Tolerable daily changes within

limits +/-Min Max Tolerable daily changes within limits +/-

Paper

Short<10 years

Record Center 55%

ISO 9706 Information and documentation — Paper for documents — Requirements for permanence1234.14: (a) Paper-based temporary records. Paper-based temporary records must be stored under environmental conditions that prevent the active growth of mold. Exposure to moisture through leaks or condensation, relative humidities in excess of 70%, extremes of heat combined with relative humidity in excess of 55%, and poor air circulation during periods of elevated heat and relative humidity are all factors that contribute to mold growth.

Medium>10 years

Record Center Vault 55% 2007 ASHRAE Handbook - HVAC Applications 21.13

Long>50 years

Record Center Vault 57 64 ± 2 14 18 ± 1 35% 50% ± 3% ISO 11799:2003 Annex B

Medical Records - Xray

ShortRecord Center or

RMS Facilitynone 77 25 20% 50%

NARA Resources - Managing X-Ray Films as Federal Records.pdfAssuming acetate or polyester based film. ISO 11799:2003 Annex B; ISO 18911:2000 7.1.1

Medium Record Center Vault none 70 25 21 20% 50% ± 15%

Long Record Center Vault none 45 ± 4 none 7 ± 2 20% 50% ± 15%

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Museums and Critical EnvironmentsPsychometrics – Relative Humidity Demystified

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Wick

Thermometer

Slide rule to determine RH

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Museums and Critical EnvironmentsPsychometrics – Moisture and Preservation

• An unrestrained object will tend to expand when it absorbs water and shrink with desorption of water.

• A restrained object will develop stress with changes in temperature and relative humidity

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Swelling isotherm for cottonwood at 22°C from Mecklenburg et al. (1994)

Stress development in restrained rabbit skin glue with decreasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity from Mecklenburg et al.. (1992)

Page 10: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museums and Critical EnvironmentsPsychometrics – Moisture and Preservation

The Case of the Somali Wild Ass

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Environmental Requirements for Museums Janeen Renee, University of Wisconsin (2000)

Page 11: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museums and Critical EnvironmentsPsychometrics – Moisture and Preservation

The Case of the Somali Wild Ass

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Environmental Requirements for Museums Janeen Renee, University of Wisconsin (2000)

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Museums and Critical EnvironmentsPsychometrics – Stabilizing Temperature and Relative Humidity

In the end, it is about compromise….

•What temp and RH zone would be best for:•The collection•The building•The inhabitants•The budget, first and operating

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Page 13: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museums and Critical EnvironmentsPsychometrics – Stabilizing Temperature and Relative Humidity

Things to think about when planning:

1. Use the space’s natural properties• Basements are stable but humid• High spaces have more air movement but stratify

2. Partition the space based on needs• Storage and exhibit prep at one end• Exhibit with artifacts in the middle• Gift shop at the end

3. Create vestibules and buffer zones4. Pressurize the space to reduce infiltration5. Select an appropriate mechanical system

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Page 14: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museums and Critical EnvironmentsCase Studies – Natural History Museum

Goal: Design an exhibit and support space for The Dead Sea Scrolls •72F +/-2F, 40% +/-5%•Maintain space for other travelling exhibits

Existing Conditions: •10,000 SF hall, about 20 ft tall•Existing fan coils at 10 ft ABF, no humidification•No exterior walls, heavy mass structure

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Page 15: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museums and Critical EnvironmentsCase Studies – Natural History Museum

Solution:

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Page 16: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museums and Critical EnvironmentsCase Studies – Commercial Critical Storage

Goal: Repair 30 spaces that cannot hold temp and RH •70F +/-2F, 40% +/-5%•Redundant systems

Existing Conditions: •Typically 5,000 SF, 8 ft tall•Spaces across North America•Existing systems varies. Typically RTU’s•Light commercial structures

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments

Page 17: Environments Museum and Critical Storage 2014 …...Outline I. Introduction I. Human comfort vs artifact preservation II. Types of facilities III. Types of archives II. Psychometrics

Museums and Critical EnvironmentsCase Studies – Commercial Critical Storage

Solution:

ASHRAE 2014 Specialty Environmental Design Conference Museum and Critical Storage Environments