Environmentally Focused Technologies for Oilfield … · Environmentally Focused Technologies for...
Transcript of Environmentally Focused Technologies for Oilfield … · Environmentally Focused Technologies for...
Environmentally Focused Technologies for Oilfield Water
Treatment
Carl Vavra Global Petroleum Research Institute Texas A&M University Frank Platt Global Petroleum Research Institute Texas A&M University Rich Haut Houston Advanced Research Center—HARC
Summary of A&M Programs • EFD Program – an award winning program focused on
reducing environmental footprint associated with oil and gas operations. Produced water and frac flowback brine emphasized
• Technology Integration Program– an $ 8 million program designed to bring new technology to field trials – gas shales
• Advanced Analytics Program – new $ 3 million program designed to identify and field trial advanced analytic methodology for emissions and brine monitoring
Objectives of EFD Technology Integration Program
Speed the commercial development of technology developed through:
Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (RPSEA) programs. 1. Create an organizational structure that includes a network of regional centers that facilitate and coordinate field deployment of such technologies and document effectiveness of field operations.
2. Perform field trials so that results could be evaluated efficiently as to benefit both the industry, the organizations with the technology, and the public sector.
3. Document and provide the results of technology field trials so that promising processes, systems and products could be utilized in a wider range of unconventional natural gas plays.
4. Emphasize programs that reduce cost and improve performance, lessen the environmental impacts, or address the societal issues associated with unconventional natural gas development.
5. Include and report on safety improvements in the planning/demonstration of technologies, emphasizing technologies that foster a culture of health/safety/environmental protection.
Monahan, TX Washington, PA
Footprint Reduction
Well Site Access & Drilling
Source: William Harrison, Kansas Geological Survey
Devon’s Barnett Shale “Pod” drilling (14 acres – 35 wells)
CROSS-FLOW FILTRATION CROSS-FLOW FILTRATION
CONTINUOUS OPERATION
Courtesy of NALCO
Water
Identifying Membrane Technology
Micro Filtration (MF) Bacteria, suspended particles
Ultrafiltration (UF) Colloids, macromolecules
Nanofiltration (NF) Sugars, dyes, divalent salt
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Monovalent salts, ionic metals
Particle Filtration (PF)
Water Water
Size of Common Materials
Pre-Treatment of Liquids Before Membrane Applications
Gravity Settling Tanks Hydrocyclones Centrifuges
Dead End Filtration Strainers Stainless Steel Screens Cartridge Filters Bag Filters Media Mycelx & Polymer Ventures – oil removal
Tubular Hollow Fibers Plates Spiral Wound Pleated Sheet
Membrane Types
Tubular Modules
Hollow Fiber Cartridges
Spiral Elements
Ceramic Membrane Elements and Modules
Expensive Long life: >15 years
Applications: Dairy, CIP solutions, Process water, Catalyst recovery
Scepter Membrane Elements and Modules
Expensive Long life: >15 years MF pore sizes only Applications:
Chemical clarification, Oil / Water separation, Starch recovery, Catalyst recovery
Fouling & Cleaning
Prevention – pretreatment
Membrane type, pore size, chemistry, process conditions, time Flushing & cleaning with chemical agents Sanitizing, storage and protection
Physical – back pulsing, back wash, back flush, air scouring
Pump
FEED Wastewater
Centrifuge/ hydrocyclones Screens, Bag filters, etc.
Pre-treatment
Permeate
Recycle
Chemical addition
Concentrate NF or RO System
Micro-filters
Post Treatment Water
Re-use
Texas A&M/GPRI Field Trailer Process Schematic
How Frac Flowback Brine is Cleaned Up for Re-Use
Raw Water Source
Reverse Osmosis
One Day Supply Tank for Raw Water
Large particulate removal
Oil & Grease removal
BTEX removal
TSS removal
Hardness removal
Desalination
pH, Temp., Conductivity, Turbidity,
Turbidity, O&G, BTEX
Turbidity, O&G
Turbidity, BTEX
Turbidity, BTEX, Conductivity
pH, Conductivity
pH, Conductivity,
Process Component
Identity Description Analytical Tests
Screen, Cartridge, Bag Filter
Cartridge
Media Filtration
Micro Filter
Nano Filter
Low Pressure Media Filtration
Oil and Grease Removal
Suspended Solids Filter Assembly
High Pressure Membranes and On-Line Sensors
Texas A&M GPRI DesignsTM Shale Field Trials
• Eagle Ford Shale Webb Co. -2 week test
• Range Resources Washington Co. PA - A 5 week test BG Exco Group Tioga Co. PA -3 week test
Pre-treatment, oil removal, microfiltration, nanofiltration On-site analytical
2012
• Eagle Ford Shale Cotulla, TX 2 Field Tests
Pre-treatment, oil removal, microfiltration, nanofiltration On-site analytical
2013
Mobile Unit On Site – New York
Mobile Unit On Site – Pennsylvania
Associated Costs Assessment
• Over 6000 barrels processed • Power cost of $0.10 kwh • Media pretreatment power averaged $0.004
per barrel • Solids removal $0.04 per barrel • Brine “softening” $0.84 per barrel • Total power cost ~ $1.00 per barrel of fluid
treated
Performance of Micro-Filtration
Sample No. Filter ID Pressure psig
Before Membrane NTU
After Membrane NTU
S-3, S-4 Koch hollow fiber micro-
filter 26 111.7 9.7
S-11, S-12 " 27.8 129.3 0.9
S-16, S-17 " 28.6 119.9 1.1
S-22, S-23 " 29.2 113.1 1
Sample No. Analyte Before Membrane mg/L
After Membrane mg/L
Type of Membranes
S-7, S-8 Sulfate 1025 92 Dow Spiral
S-7, S-8 Chlorides by titration 186,500 150,000
Hydranautics Spiral
S-60, S-61 Barium 183 103
S-70, S-71 Sulfate 150 23 GE Spiral
SN5 Iron 36.8 25
Nano-Filter Performance
Raw Feed Treated Water
Eagle Ford Samples
Why is Treatment Important? Decline in productivity that occurs in gas production – greater than reservoir engineering predictions
Frac Pond Brine, Eagle Ford, 2011
Untreated Treated
Example of Produced Water: Marcellus
Opposite the membrane wall is the counter for the analytical equipment
Hach Frac Brine Analysis Kit
Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfate, Turbidity, pH, etc.
GE Analytical TOC Analysis
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