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ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT & CLEANUP FOR … · The standard recognized for conducting Phase I...
Transcript of ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT & CLEANUP FOR … · The standard recognized for conducting Phase I...
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ENVIRONMENTALSITE ASSESSMENT & CLEANUP FOR
BROWNFIELD SITES
AK Technical Assistance WorkshopMay 13, 2015
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Agenda
1 Introductions
2 CERCLA, All Appropriate
Inquiry (AAI) & ASTM 1527-13
3 Phase I Environmental Site
Assessments (ESAs)
4 Phase II ESAs
5 Cleanup /Reuse Planning
6 Discussion
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IntroductionsStantec Consulting Services Inc.
Chris Gdak, Brownfield Specialist• Civil/Environmental Engineer• Environmental Assessment, Cleanup
and Reuse• Project Manager for 10 current EPA
Brownfield Grant clients in Western US• Over $5M in Grants since 2012
Sara Lindberg, Manager of Env. Resources• Anchorage AK Office• Environmental Scientist• Environmental Assessment, Permitting
and Compliance• 85 Multi-Discipline Staff in AK
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Goal of BrownfieldsRedevelopmentTransform underutilized brownfield sites from liabilities into assets, restoring them to safe, viable properties that contribute to the well-being of the community.
Requires Assessment Cleanup and Revitalization!
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Example: City of Wausau WI Riverfront
31 Acres 100 Years of industrial useDecades of underutilization
Before
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$2M of EPA and state grants. Transformed into mixed-use development, public library, trail, and kayak course. $45M of new investment. 840 jobs
After
Example: City of Wausau WI Riverfront
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Brownfields and CERCLA Liability• To be eligible for an EPA Brownfield Grant, entities must
demonstrate that they are not liable for the contamination under CERCLA
• CERCLA = Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (1980):
• Addresses abandoned hazardous sites• Establishes liability/funding eligibility
• To claim protection from liability, prospective purchasers/property owners must conduct All Appropriate Inquiry (AAI)
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All Appropriate Inquiry (AAI)(40 CFR Part 312)
• A process for the evaluation of a property to identify potential environmental contamination and assess liability
• Must be conducted by an “Qualified Environmental Professional” within one year prior to acquisition of the property
Satisfying AAI can provide liability protection for prospective purchaser’s of impacted properties
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All Appropriate Inquiry (AAI)(40 CFR Part 312)
AAI can also:
• Remove unknowns and concerns• Identify current and historic sources of contamination• Inform site selection and acquisition decision-making
(purchase price)• Inform site-specific reuse planning• Satisfy requirements of lenders and other stakeholders
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American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM) E1527-13The standard recognized for conducting Phase I Environmental Site Assessments (ESAs) that satisfies the requirements of AAI
• Published by the American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM)
• Updated in 2013• Defines Phase I ESA process and criteria in detail!
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Phase I ESAs - Logistics • First step in the assessment process
• A detailed, site-specific study aimed at establishing historic use, ownership, and current conditions of a property
•• Costs range from $3,000-$10,000+
• 2-6 Weeks to complete (avg. 4)
• Shelf life = 1 Year*
*Updates for certain components required after 6 months
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Phase I ESAs - Logistics • Results in:
• 100’s (sometimes 1000’s) of pages of information!
• The presence (or absence!) of Recognized Environmental Conditions (RECs)
*Updates for certain components required after 6 months
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Phase I ESAs – Activities Interviews:
• Current Owner• Past Owners• Occupants/Operators• Adjacent Properties• Regulators
Property records:• Assessors• Recorders (Ownership)• Fire Department• Building Permits• Health Department
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Phase I ESAs – Activities Review of historical records:
• Sanborn Fire Ins. Maps – 1870s-1960s• Topo Maps – 1900-Present• Aerial Photographs – 1930s-Present• City Directories – 1800s-Present• Other Archives
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Phase I ESAs – Activities Review of historical records:
• Sanborn Fire Ins. Maps – 1870s-1960s• Topo Maps – 1900-Present• Aerial Photographs – 1930s-Present• City Directories – 1800s-Present• Other Archives
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Phase I ESAs - Activities Review of regulatory records:
• Federal – EPA (ACRES), NPDES, RCRA, TRI, CERCLIS, etc.• State – ADEC Contaminated Sites Database• Local – Code enforcement, inspections, etc.• Target property + properties within a certain radius• Radius Map Report (All-in-one)!
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Phase I ESAs - Activities Review of regulatory records:
• Federal – EPA (ACRES), NPDES, RCRA, TRI, CERCLIS, etc. • State – ADEC Contaminated Sites Database• Local – Code enforcement, inspections, etc.• Target property + properties within a certain radius• Radius Map Report (All-in-one)!
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Radius Map Report
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Phase I ESAs - Activities Site inspections:
• Site features + Neighboring sites• Historic use • Present use• Use of chemicals • Potential sources/locations of environmental
impacts
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Phase I ESAs – Don’t Include* Potential Site Improvement Concerns:
• Hazardous building materials (Hazmat) surveys
• Historic building evaluations
• Mold
• Industrial hygiene
• Indoor air quality
• Geotechnical
• Structural evaluations
* Can be added to the standard scope depending on assessment goals* Requires special expertise
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Phase I ESAs – Don’t Include* Other Environmental Concerns:
• Cultural resources
• Ecological/endangered species surveys
• Critical/sensitive habitat/wetland surveys
* Can be added to the standard scope depending on assessment goals
* Requires special expertise
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Phase I ESAs – Results
Recognized Environmental Conditions (RECs)
The presence or likely presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at a property:
1. Due to release to the environment; or2. Under conditions indicative of a release; or3. Under conditions that pose a material threat of a
future release to the environment
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Phase I ESAs - ResultsExamples of RECs:Target Property:
• Chemical/waste storage areas• Underground/above ground storage tanks (USTs/ASTs)• Evidence of spills• Impacted fill materials
Neighboring Sites: Potential for impacts to migrate to the Target Property via:
• Groundwater (upgradient)• Surface releases (overland flow)• Air emissions (atmospheric deposition)• Vapor (from impacted soil/groundwater
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Phase I ESAs - ResultsOther Terms and Conditions:• De Minimis: Minor impacts that generally do not
represent a threat to human health/ the environment or require enforcement or significant response actions.
• Historic REC (HREC): A past release that has been cleaned up to current standards and does not require AULs or require controls.
• Controlled REC (CREC): A release that has been addressed to the satisfaction of the regulatory agency and is subject to the implementation of required controls.
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Phase I ESAs - ResultsOther Terms and Conditions:• Vapor Encroachment Condition (VEC; ASTM E2600):
Potential for vapor intrusion (VI) into buildings from impacted areas.
• Activity Use Limitations (AULs): Restrictions on use of a site to reduce potential exposure to contaminants.
• Institutional Controls: Land use/deed/groundwater restrictions.
• Engineering Controls: Caps, fencing, ventilation, monitoring.
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Phase I ESA - Outcomes(1.) No RECs:
• Generally satisfies lending/legal/AAI
• Additional assessment/cleanup may not be required
• Other redevelopment related concerns may require action (Hazmat assessment, engineering studies, sensitive environment evaluations, etc.)
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Phase I ESA - Outcomes(2.) One or more RECs:
• May raise concerns with lending/legal interests
• Additional assessment work is likely required:• File Reviews• Phase II ESA• Cleanup?
• In some cases could result in significant delays, development complications, prohibitive costs
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Phase II ESAs - Logistics • Second step in the assessment
process
• Goals: Evaluate identified RECs
• ASTM E1903-11; can also vary based on location/regulatory agency)
• Involves sampling of potentially impacted media (soil, groundwater, surface water, sediments, air, building/waste materials, etc.)
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Phase II ESAs - Logistics
• Costs range from $10,000-$100,000+ [varies widely based on site characteristics, contaminants and risk tolerance of stakeholders]
• ~2 weeks to 6+ months to complete.
• Shelf life = Indefinite (+/-changes in site conditions, sampling methods, regulations, etc.)
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Phase II ESAs - Objectives
• Determine whether contaminants of concern (COCs) are present
• Define nature and extent of impacts
• Define physical characteristics of the site
• Development understanding of redevelopment constraints
• Develop reliable cleanup strategies and cost estimates
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Phase II ESAs – Site Conceptual Model
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Phase II ESAs – Activities
Soil Sampling:• Surface sampling• Test Pits• Soil Borings
Groundwater Sampling:• Monitoring wells
Other Media Sampling:• Drum contents• Waste piles• Surface water• Sediments• Unknown liquids
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Phase II ESA - Outcomes
(1.) Sample Results Below Cleanup Levels (Methods 1-2):
• Generally satisfies lending/legal concerns
• Additional assessment/cleanup may not be required
• Proceed with site acquisition and redevelopment!
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Phase II ESA - Outcomes(2.) Sample Results Above Cleanup Levels (Methods 1-2):
• Discharge or Release Notification – ADEC (18 AAC 75.300)
• Initial Response Actions – ADEC (18 AAC 75.310-.320)
• Additional work may be required:• Site Characterization – ADEC (18 AAC 75.325-.390)
• Remedial Investigation (RI)• Establish Cleanup Levels (Methods 1-4)
• Proceed to Cleanup
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Cleanup - Logistics • Follows assessment process
• Goals:• Eliminate threats to human
health and the environment
• Restoration, reuse & revitalization!
• AK Site Cleanup Rules -18 AAC 75.325-.390
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Cleanup - Logistics
• Activities:• Perform analysis of brownfield cleanup alternatives
(ABCA)• Complete Feasibility Study (FS)• Balance cleanup alternatives with reuse plans• Develop Cleanup Work Plan• Perform Cleanup Activities
• Costs range from $10,000-Millions+
• Weeks to several years to complete.
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Cleanup - Alternatives• Many Options:
• Natural attenuation (clean-up via natural processes)• Removal actions, source controls and containment,
engineered system treatments• Institutional controls (e.g., land-use controls)
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Cleanup - Alternatives• Many Drivers:
• Redevelopment schedule• Regulatory requirements• Costs• Community considerations• Schedule
• Look for opportunity to combine
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Cleanup – Soil Alternatives• Removal
• Excavation, transportation,and disposal (Dig & Haul)
• Considerations• Reliable & long term
solution; liability risks?• Can be costly to implement,
but often quicker
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Cleanup – Soil Alternatives• Treatment
• In place (in-situ) treatments: Bioremediation, Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE), Stabilization/Fixation, Thermal Treatment
• Excavation and at the surface (ex-situ) treatments: Land farming, Thermal Treatment, Bioremediation
• Contain and Manage in-place• Engineered “cap” or “cover” remedies• Vapor intrusion mitigation systems
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Cleanup – GW Alternatives
• Remove (pump) & treat the groundwater• Hydraulic or physical controls• Air Sparging – from liquid to vapor• Dual-Phase Extraction• In-Situ Remediation Technologies
• Biological (typically bacterial) remediation
• Chemical oxidation
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In-situ BioremediationCleanup – GW Alternatives
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Cleanup – GW AlternativesIn-situ Chemical Oxidation
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Cleanup –Outcomes
• Site Closure with Unrestricted Use
• Site Closure with Conditions:• Institutional Controls• Engineering Controls
• Restoration, Reuse, and Revitalization !!!
Our U.S. West team secures EPA brownfield grants with a more than90% success rate.
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Site-Specific Reuse Planning• Identify future uses
• Strategies to facilitate infrastructure reuse and identify infrastructure improvements
• Market research
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Site-Specific Reuse Planning• Community outreach
activities• Implementation
strategy• Phasing/
prioritizing• Catalyst projects• Financial feasibility• Sync with
remediation strategy
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Thank You for Participating!Questions???