ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE II FINAL EXAM REVIEW UNIT 2: ENERGY Final Exam will be on Wednesday June 10,...
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Transcript of ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE II FINAL EXAM REVIEW UNIT 2: ENERGY Final Exam will be on Wednesday June 10,...
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE II FINAL EXAM REVIEW
UNIT 2: ENERGY
• Final Exam will be on Wednesday June 10, 2015• The final exam is worth 20% of your final grade for the course• Please bring a pen or pencil to the exam with you. Absences: Excused absence- you will take it on the day you return Unexcused absence- you will receive a 0
*****During the exam, if your cell phone or any electronic device is on your person, you will receive a 0!!!*****
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Potable: Water that is safe to drink
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Water Use:• Residential Use: mostly used for personal hygiene. Not much used for drinking and cooking
• Industrial Use: power source, transport, coolant
• Agricultural Use: most of the water in the world is used for irrigation
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Surface water:
•water that is above ground• Lakes, rivers, streams, runoff
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Runoff:•water that does
not get absorbed into the ground•Moves down a
slope•Melting snow,
glaciers, rainfall
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Groundwater:• water that is below the
ground• Water table- top of the
saturated layer of rocks• Aquifers- porous water-
saturated layer of underground rock• Zone of saturation-
aquifer- layer of saturated layer of rock• Zone of aeration-
where the water enters• Zone of discharge-
where the water leaves
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Overdraft• when a body of water is drained faster than it is filled• Causes:
• Saltwater intrusion- saltwater moves in to fresh water making it unpotable• Subsidence- bedrock weakens causing it to sink
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Desalination:• removing salt from water- expensive• Distillation: saltwater is boiled, evaporates, leave
behind salt, water vapor is cooled and collected in another container• Reverse osmosis: saltwater is forced through a
filter that allows water molecules to pass but not salt molecules• Freezing- saltwater is frozen, separates a brine
slush from freshwater
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Water Purification• Sedimentation- passed through screens and put
into a settling tank• Filtration- sand• Aeration- exposed to oxygen, taste and smell• Sterilization- heat or chemicals are used to kill
pathogens (bacteria)
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1. Sewage• Water that contains organic waste from humans
and industry• Toilet, sink, dishwasher washing machines
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2. Factories• Toxic chemicals• Thermal pollution- from cooling down machines• Increased temperature decreases oxygen levels
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3. Agriculture
Runoff:• Pesticides• Fertilizers• Human and animal waste
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Inorganic Toxic Chemicals:• Arsenic- runoff and agriculture• Copper- plumbing• Lead- old pluming, nervous system• Mercury- liquid metal, factories, nervous system• Biomagnification- the concentration increases
as it moves through the food chain
Toxic: dangerous to living things
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Oil Spills• Effect on animals
• Hypothermia• Increased predation• Internal damage• Decreased production• Habitat destruction
• Methods to clean• Booms and skimmers• Dispersants • Biological agents• Naturally broken down
• Exxon Valdez• 1989, Prince William Sound, Alaska
• Deepwater Horizon• 2010, Gulf of Mexico• Explosion of Deepwater Horizon
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GARBAGE
• Landfill: hole lined with plastic, layer with soil and garbage, topped with soil and grass
• Dump: hole lined with plastic, layer with soil and garbage, stays exposed
• Compost: decaying organic matter that can be used as fertilizer• Grass trimmings, vegetable
scraps, fruit, leaves• Recycle- treat or process used
or waste products to be able to reuse• Plastics, glass, paper
• “Garbage Island”- Pacific Ocean