Environmental - Richmond, British Columbia · Environmental Chapter 1 – Environmental Purchasing...

Welcome to the Environmental Purchasing Guide EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide

February 2001 City of Richmond287980

The City of Richmond would like toacknowledge the Greater VancouverRegional District for providing support andresources to assist in the development of thisguide.

The Environmental Purchasing Policy andGuide were adopted by the City ofRichmond Council on November 14, 2000.

This guide was published by theCity of Richmond6911 No. 3 RoadRichmond, BC V6Y 2C1Phone: (604) 276-4000Fax: (604) 276-4029

This guide has been printed on papercontaining 30% recycled material.

Disclaimer: The health and safety ofworkers and the public are the first priorityin any environmental purchase or practice.Users of this guide are responsible forcomplying with all applicable codes andstatutory or regulatory requirements. Anyspecifications presented are not intended toconstitute or render engineering,architectural, legal or other professionalservices or advice. Nor should they be asubstitute for such services or advice froman experienced professional directed to aspecific design situation. While informationin any specifications is believed to beaccurate, the City of Richmond, itsemployees, and its consultants on thisproject shall not be liable for damagesarising from errors or omissions inspecifications.

Welcome to the Environmental Purchasing Guide EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide

February 2001 City of Richmond i287980

Welcome to theEnvironmentalPurchasing Guide

Local governments throughout the GreaterVancouver Regional District demonstratetheir leadership and commitment to theenvironment in a myriad of ways. Throughtheir policies, plans and actions – fromprotecting environmentally sensitive areasand providing residential recycling programsto maintaining green space and reducingenergy consumption in governmentfacilities– municipalities cultivate a cultureof caring for the environment.

Environmental purchasing is yet anotherway local governments can demonstratetheir commitment to the environment.Environmental purchasing involvesevaluating potential purchases not just bystandard criteria such as price andperformance but by environmental criteriasuch as recycled content, packaging andenergy efficiency as well. This guide isintended to support local governments asthey work to include environmentalconsiderations in every purchasing decision.

“Green procurement should be a policy ofall governments, including municipalgovernments. Their purchasing power canstimulate creation of environmentally benignproducts by ensuring there’s a market forthose products.

Governments need to walk the talk — notjust expect others to do it. There is amovement in that direction but it needs to begiven greater priority.”

Sherri Watson, environmental managementconsultant with the Federation of CanadianMunicipalities.

The City of Richmond has taken aleadership role in developing this guide onenvironmental purchasing. It is recognizedthat staff need practical support in the formof current information and resources tointegrate environmental considerations intotheir buying decisions. This guide strives toprovide that support for staff in governmentand government agency settings.

While the primary audience for this guide isCity of Richmond staff, it is hoped that othermunicipalities will adopt the guide as aresource for addressing environmentalpurchasing policies and practices in theirjurisdictions. There is tremendous potentialfor positive environmental changes when allLower Mainland municipalities focus theirconsiderable purchasing power on reducingthe environmental impact of the productsand services they use. The guide focuses ontypical purchases in these settings andprovides general guidelines and tips on howto go about “green procurement”.(Although certain sections of this guide areapplicable for purchases in thebusiness/commercial sector, the guide is notintended as a reference for thebusiness/commercial sector user. Such usersare referred to the section “EnvironmentalLabelling” in Chapter 4 as a springboard fortheir own research.)

If you are with the City of Richmond …This guide progresses logically from “bigpicture” information on City policies andprograms to the nitty-gritty detailsindividuals need to incorporateenvironmental considerations intopurchasing decisions. The first time youlook through this guide you may like tospend some time in the early chapters,familiarising yourself with Richmond’senvironmental policies and plans as well asthe contents of the guide. After that, choosea section that best addresses your questionor issue and dive in!

Environmental Welcome to the Environmental Purchasing Guide

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ii City of Richmond February 2001287980

If you are with another local government …You may wish to simply skim Chapters 1and 3 that contain the policies and plansbehind Richmond’s environmentalpurchasing initiatives. While there arevaluable insights to be gained from readingabout Richmond’s policies and plans, youmay be anxious to get to the nitty-gritty ofenvironmental purchasing. In that case, besure to read Chapter 2 “Using This Guide”to find out how to get the most out of thisresource, then go to the section that will bestaddress your interest or needs.

Table of Contents EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide

February 2001 City of Richmond iii287980

Table of Contents

Welcome to the Environmental Purchasing Guide........................................................................iTable of Contents .......................................................................................................................iii

Chapter 1 - Environmental Purchasing Matters................................................................1

Environmental Purchasing Defined .......................................................................................1Why Bother ..........................................................................................................................2Reducing Environmental Impacts..........................................................................................2Supporting Recycling Programs ............................................................................................2Increasing Demand For Environmentally Sound Products .....................................................2Taking Personal Responsibility .............................................................................................3Government’s Commitment ..................................................................................................3Richmond’s Strategic Management Plan ...............................................................................3Richmond Official Community Plan .....................................................................................4Richmond State of the Environment Report...........................................................................4Richmond’s Energy Conservation Policy ..............................................................................5Greater Vancouver Regional District Solid Waste Management Plan.....................................5Turning Talk Into Action ......................................................................................................6Making Environmental Purchasing Decisions........................................................................7

Chapter 2 - Using This Guide ..........................................................................................9

Where to Start.......................................................................................................................9Meeting Corporate Expectations ......................................................................................... 10

Chapter 3 - The Environmental Purchasing Policy......................................................... 11

The City of Richmond’s Environmental Purchasing Policy.................................................. 11In Plain English................................................................................................................... 12A Little Background............................................................................................................ 12

Chapter 4 - Considerations Before You Buy.................................................................. 13

Environmentally Preferred Products .................................................................................... 13A Comprehensive Environmental Purchasing Checklist ...................................................... 14Environmental Purchasing Checklist ................................................................................... 14Assessing Life Cycle Impacts.............................................................................................. 15Environmental Labelling..................................................................................................... 15The Environmental Choice Program.................................................................................... 16Green Seal .......................................................................................................................... 16Energy Star......................................................................................................................... 17EnerGuide........................................................................................................................... 17Power Smart ....................................................................................................................... 17

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Chapter 5 - Guidelines For Purchasing Specific Types of Products ............................... 19

Caution! Overload Warning................................................................................................ 19Customized Guidelines and Specifications Versus Seals of Approval.................................. 20

5.1 General Building Maintenance .................................................................................. 215.1.1 Paint............................................................................................................. 235.1.2 Insulation ..................................................................................................... 245.1.3 Sealants and Caulking Compounds ............................................................... 255.1.4 Adhesives ..................................................................................................... 265.1.5 Carpeting...................................................................................................... 275.1.6 Ceiling Tile .................................................................................................. 285.1.7 Roofing ........................................................................................................ 295.1.8 Walls (Gypsum-dry wall) ............................................................................. 30

5.2 Janitorial Products..................................................................................................... 315.2.1 General Purpose Cleaning Agents................................................................. 315.2.2 Industrial and Commercial Cleaners ............................................................. 325.2.3 Disposable Papers and Tissues...................................................................... 33

5.3 Vehicles and Maintenance......................................................................................... 345.3.1 Oils .............................................................................................................. 355.3.2 Fuels ............................................................................................................ 365.3.3 Tires ............................................................................................................. 37

5.4 Furniture and Office Systems .................................................................................... 385.4.1 Office Furniture and Workstation Panel Systems .......................................... 385.4.2 Demountable (full wall) Partitions ................................................................ 39

5.5 Office Equipment and Related Services ..................................................................... 405.5.1 Photocopiers and Facsimile Machines........................................................... 405.5.2 Printing Cartridges (including remanufactured printing cartridges)................ 415.5.3 Printing Inks ................................................................................................. 42

5.6 Office Supplies ......................................................................................................... 435.6.1 Batteries ....................................................................................................... 435.6.2 Envelopes..................................................................................................... 445.6.3 Printing and Writing Papers (and uncoated mechanical printing paper) ......... 455.6.4 Miscellaneous Recycled Paper Products ....................................................... 46

5.7 Lighting and Lighting Systems.................................................................................. 475.7.1 Lights........................................................................................................... 47

5.8 Construction, Renovation, Demolition....................................................................... 485.8.1 Construction and Demolition Waste.............................................................. 48

5.9 Parks, Recreation Amenities and Landscaping........................................................... 545.9.1 Organic Turf Management............................................................................ 545.9.2 Recycled Rubber .......................................................................................... 55

5.10 Special Programs ...................................................................................................... 565.10.1 Backyard Compost Bins ............................................................................... 56

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Chapter 6 - Sample Specifications ................................................................................. 57

Three Steps to Gathering Your Resources ........................................................................... 57Additional Resources .......................................................................................................... 58

Chapter 7 - Recycled Products Listing, GVRD .............................................................. 69

Chapter 8 - Reference Materials .................................................................................... 71

Appendices.................................................................................................................... 73

Appendix A ........................................................................................................................ 73Evolution of Environmental Procurement Policies ............................................................... 73

Appendix B......................................................................................................................... 75Five Guiding Principles of Environmental Purchasing......................................................... 75

Appendix C ........................................................................................................................ 77GVRD Specification Resources........................................................................................... 77GVRD - Project Waste Management Master SpecificationGVRD - Building Deconstruction Master SpecificationGVRD - Directory of Resource Efficient Building Products (CD Format)

Chapter 1 – Environmental Purchasing Matters EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide

February 2001 City of Richmond 1287984

Many Richmond City staff already purchaseenvironmentally friendly products. In a 1999survey of City staff, 83% of respondentsreported that their work groups buy itemswith recycled content some or most of thetime. In addition, 71% of work groups buyitems that are easy to recycle or areenvironmentally friendly.

Staff interest in environmental purchasing ishigh: fully 80% of respondents thought astructured list of environmental alternativeswould help when ordering supplies. Almosttwo-thirds of respondents supported thedevelopment of an EnvironmentalPurchasing Policy. Individuals commentedon the need to raise all staff’s awareness ofenvironmental purchasing beyond stationeryitems to include a wide range of productsand services.

EnvironmentalPurchasing Matters

Protecting our environment. Preventingpollution. Recycling. Ensuring a sustainablecommunity for our children and futuregenerations.

The City of Richmond, its staff and citizens,share many common environmental values.The City demonstrates commitment to thesevalues by cultivating a culture ofresponsibility for the environment throughits policies, plans and actions. In fact,Richmond has been recognizedinternationally for environmental excellencein heritage management, landscapeenhancement including the extensive dykeand trail system, environmental practicessuch as recycling and protection ofenvironmentally-sensitive areas, communityinvolvement and planning for the future.

Environmental purchasing is an importantway for City staff to demonstrate leadershipfor the environment. Every day someone atthe City, whether they have “purchasing” intheir title or not, is considering or carryingout a buying decision on behalf of the City.This guide shows how we can use ourpurchasing power to demonstratecommitment to the environment.

Environmental PurchasingDefinedEnvironmental purchasing meanspurchasing products or services whichminimize, or provide favourableenvironmental impacts. Environmentalpurchasing involves considering the costsand environmental consequences of aproduct in all stages of its life cycle, fromproduct development and manufacturingthrough product use to the ultimate disposalof whatever remains of the product at theend of its life span.

When we practice environmentalpurchasing, we evaluate potential purchasesnot just by standard criteria such as priceand performance but by environmentalcriteria such as recycled content, packagingand energy efficiency as well.

Product Lifecycle

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When recycled materials are used toproduce paper, aluminium and glass, energyconsumption can be reduced by up to 95%,water consumption by up to 50%, airpollution by 95%, and water pollution by upto 97%.

Source: BC Liquor Distribution BranchRecycling Fact Sheet.

When scrap iron is used instead of iron oreto make steel, mining wastes are reduced by97%, air pollution effluents by 80% andwater pollution by 76%.

Source: Recycling Council of Ontario.

Advertisement prepared by Keep America Beautiful Inc.

Why BotherThere are many compelling reasons topractice environmental purchasing.Consider these four:

Reducing Environmental ImpactsEnvironmentally sound products aregenerally produced and disposed of in waysthat have less impact on the environment.Environmentally sound products are oftenproduced using fewer natural resources orusing resources sustainably to ensure afuture supply. The product may containfewer hazardous or toxic materials sopollution is reduced in its manufacture, useand disposal. Environmentally soundproducts may use less energy in theirmanufacture or consume less energy whenused. They may reduce waste because theproduct contains recycled materials, usesless packaging or provides packaging thatcontains recycled material, is recyclable orwill be taken back by the supplier.

Supporting Recycling ProgramsWhen we buy products with recycledcontent we help build and sustain marketsfor the materials collected in residential andbusiness recycling programs. It makes nosense to separate materials like paper andplastics from the garbage if no one will usethem productively again.

Recycling old materials into new productscan save natural resources, energy andwater, as well as reduce air pollution and theneed for landfills or incinerators. By“buying recycled” we ensure a market forthe materials we so diligently put into theBlue Box and other recycling programs.

Increasing Demand ForEnvironmentally Sound ProductsAs more customers demand products andservices that have a minimal effect on theenvironment, business practices change tomeet the demand. As more buyers seek outrecycled products of the same quality astheir virgin counterparts, industry alters it’sprocesses. And as more contract managersset down environmental specifications,bidders refine their practices to meet theenvironmental standards.



Our Vision is … For the City of Richmond tobe the most appealing, liveable, and well-managed community in Canada.

Source: The Strategic Management Plan forRichmond.

John Lindberg

Case Study: City of Richmond’spurchase of second-handfurniture.

In 1995, John Lindberg was the City ofRichmond’s Manager of Purchasing anda man ahead of his time. Going againstthe common perception that new is best,Lindberg outfitted Richmond’s treasurydepartment with high quality, usedmodular office furniture, a move thatsaved an estimated $157,000. Sincethen the City has furnished numerousoffices, including the library, planningdepartment and RCMP offices withsecond-hand furniture.

We can use our buying power as a powerfulengine for positive change in how productsand services affect the environment.

Taking Personal ResponsibilityWhile taking care of our environment canseem like an overwhelming responsibilityfor one person, there is a simple startingpoint for each of us: making incrementalchanges in how we consume and dispose ofitems. Small changes in purchasing —choosing a durable product over adisposable one, adding environmentalcriteria to a tendering process, selectingitems with recycled content — can make aworld of difference.

Government’s CommitmentThe City of Richmond demonstratesleadership and a clear commitment to actingin an environmentally responsible mannerthrough many important policy documentsand programs endorsed by Council.Consider these four:

Richmond’s Strategic ManagementPlan

The Strategic Management Plan presents avision-driven strategy for the City ofRichmond to adapt to and build upon thechallenges and opportunities of change. ThePlan details the City’s responsibility notonly to create a culture of responsibility forthe environment through the provision ofprograms such as recycling andbeautification but also to ensure that theCity’s policies, plans and actions ensureconservation and environmentalconsideration.

Strategic actions that clearly demonstrateRichmond’s commitment to the environmentcan be found in most core strategy areas. Asampling of these actions include:

n Creating a culture of responsibility forcleanliness and the 3Rs

n Developing principles and standards forCity capital projects that ensure safety,conservation, environmentalconsideration and sustainability

n Developing strategies to ensure thatRichmond is a sustainable city in thebroadest context

n Ensuring that the City policies, plansand actions protect or enhance qualityof life

n Developing an environmental strategythat enhances liveability.


Purchasing Guide


Richmond Official Community Plan

The Official Community Plan (OCP), likethe Strategic Management Plan, calls on theCity to continue its leadership role in caringfor the environment. The OCP, a legaldocument that outlines the vision andpolicies for the City’s social, economic,environmental and physical future, refersspecifically to environmental purchasingwhen it states that the City will:

Continue to set an example of wastereduction in the City’s procurement practiceby emphasizing reusable packaged products,minimizing the procurement of over-packaged products and products that do notcontain recycled materials, and ensuringresponsible management of residentialwaste. (Page 127, OCP)

Further references include the City pursuinga lead role in developing new energy-savingprograms, establishing best practices forCity operations which impact air qualityand, in general, “implement(ing) thoseenvironmental actions which are effectiveand within its mandate.”

Richmond State of the EnvironmentReport

The State of the Environment Report (SOE)identifies Richmond’s generalenvironmental priorities and provides areport card on overall environmental health.As part of a planned environmentalmanagement system, the SOE identifies thesignificant role the City plays in ensuringcare for the environment.

The city can help promote environmentalstewardship by setting a good example andusing best environmental practices. Thesepractices may also save money and reduceliability as well as resulting inenvironmental benefits. (Page 67, SOE)

Richmond Official Community Plan

State of the Environment Report



Richmond’s Energy Conservation PolicyRichmond’s Energy Conservation Policy,adopted in 1991, demonstrates commitmentto the efficient use of energy in the planningand operating of all its facilities. The policycalls for a number of actions related toenvironmental purchasing includingdirectives to:

n Consider life cycle costs whenpurchasing new equipment and whenundertaking major repairs toequipment. (That is, products andsystems with superior efficiency, whichwill pay for their premium costs withintheir useable life, will be preferred.)

n Provide, within reason, the bestavailable energy-efficient system

n Upgrade existing facilities andequipment to higher efficiency asbudgets and circumstances allow wherethe change offers a simple payback ofno more than five years.Policy 2004, Energy Conservation,Richmond.

Richmond’s Civic Properties Departmentintegrates energy considerations into allfacets of facilities planning and operations,resulting in a number of Power Smartrebates and awards for energy-savinginitiatives over the past 10 years. Projectssuch as replacing or retrofitting facilitylighting and replacing faulty motorcapacitors on pump stations have not onlyreduced energy consumption (the primarytarget) but, in many cases, have reducedmaintenance costs and extended operatinglife as well.

Greater Vancouver Regional DistrictSolid Waste Management PlanThe Solid Waste Management Plan is aguiding document that outlines how garbagewithin the GVRD will be managed andreduced in order to meet the provinciallymandated goal of 50% less waste per capitaby the year 2000. The Plan identifies anumber of initiatives that membermunicipalities and the GVRD haveimplemented to reduce garbage, includingthe provision of residential Blue Box andyard waste recycling programs and thepromotion of business recycling.

Impressively, by the end of 1998, GVRDmember municipalities had collectivelyreached the goal. The challenge now is tomaintain what has been achieved and takewaste reduction to the next level.Establishing an environmental purchasingpolicy and implementing practices areimportant next steps.

The Plan contains a clear call to action underthe initiative “Procurement Policies.” Theinitiative states that “all levels ofgovernment should increase governmentprocurement of reusables or productscontaining post-consumer secondarymaterials.” Further, the plan calls on theGVRD and member municipalities to“describe policies and programs to increasedemand for recyclable materials.”


Purchasing Guide


The City of Richmond has manyenvironmentally responsible purchasingpractices already underway including:

n Converting City vehicles to run on bothnatural gas (a cleaner fuel) andgasoline

n Recycling and re-furbishing waste fromWorks Yard job sites

n Recycling office paper from Cityfacilities

n Minimising use of chemical pesticideson civic property through alternativessuch as using biological agents andselecting pest resistant plants and trees

n Purchasing equipment that results inreduced energy consumption, forexample: programmable thermostats,DDC (direct digital controls) to controlheating, ventilation and airconditioning, electronic ballast toreplace standard fluorescent ballastand energy efficient boilers

n Publishing this guide to environmentalpurchasing.

Turning Talk Into ActionIt is up to each of us to make the City’scommitment to environmental purchasing areality. Individual actions for the good of theenvironment, just like small sums of moneyregularly deposited in a savings account, addup over time and culminate in importantresults. YOU are the key to meaningfulenvironmental change.

The guide is intended to support all staff,including:

n Computer and technical support staffwho advise departments on upgradingcomputers

n Building maintenance supervisors whomake decisions about the type of paintto use or the type of lighting systems toinstall

n Park designers who recommend thetype of play equipment to install

n Staff who purchase office suppliesn Planners who write development permit

guidelines that affect developers’choice of building materials and design

n Civil design engineers who decide whatmaterials to use in building roads

n All other civic employees who makerecommendations and/or purchasingdecisions.

City of Richmond Gas Boy Fueling System



Making Environmental PurchasingDecisionsThis guide will help you to considerenvironmentally sound alternatives whenmaking your purchasing decisions. The nextchapter “Using This Guide” outlines themany resources provided to assist you.

There will always be tradeoffs when makingpurchasing decisions. That’s why the guideprovides criteria for you to judge theenvironmental benefits of items you areconsidering, recognizing that you will alsolook at other non-environmental criteria inmaking your decision. The guide does notimpose strict regulations that force you tochoose costly or inadequate items because oftheir environmental qualities.

This guide will never be a finished product.It will change and grow as new productscome on the market, as technology changesand so on. Updates will be provided in astimely a fashion as possible. If you comeacross new information that can help otherusers, please share it by advising yourmunicipal waste manager or recyclingco-ordinator.

Mike Redpath, Mayor Grey Halsey-Brandt,Dave McLellan and Dave Semple, City ofRichmond.Photo by Mark Patrick

Case Study: Nations in Bloom.

In February 2000 the City of Richmondwon the prestigious international“Nations in Bloom” competition formedium sized cities. The competitionrecognizes communities with exemplaryenvironmental management practices infive areas: enhancement of thelandscape, heritage management,environmentally sensitive practices,community involvement and planningfor the future. Richmond and its citizenswere recognized for their high level ofcommitment to sustaining andenhancing the environment in our City.

As Mayor Halsey-Brandt commented onreceiving the award, “Richmond’sparticipation in Nations in Bloomcelebrates the total commitment of thecommunity and city staff toenvironmental and beautificationprograms.”

Chapter 2 – Using This Guide EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide


Treat this guide more like an encyclopaediathan a novel. Jump in to the section thatseems to best address your question or issue.For an introduction to makingenvironmental purchasing decisions, beginwith Chapter 4 “Considerations Before YouBuy.”

Using This Guide

Where to Start

Perhaps your department is in the market fora new product or service. You know there’sa corporate policy concerning environmentalpurchasing in the works and you want tofollow it. But you have no idea where tobegin. You flip to this chapter, “Using ThisGuide”, hoping for some answers.

Read Chapter 3 “The EnvironmentalPurchasing Policy.” The goal of anenvironmental purchasing policy is to spurthe review of purchasing decisions, contractsand tender specifications with the intent toincrease the use of products and servicesthat are more responsible to theenvironment. This chapter presentsRichmond’s Environmental PurchasingPolicy and provides background informationon establishing an environmental purchasingpolicy.

In Chapter 4 “Considerations Before YouBuy” you will find concrete ideas on how toput policy into action. Pay particularattention to the purchasing checklist. Thischecklist includes generic criteria that can beused to make many types of environmentallysound purchasing decisions. You may findthat’s all the information you need to makeyour choice.

If you need more information, consultChapter 5 “Guidelines for PurchasingSpecific Products.” Here you’ll findguidelines in ten different categories, frompaper and janitorial products to vehicles andvehicle maintenance. These guidelines areespecially helpful if you are developingspecifications for suppliers. Specificationsshould include environmental criteria.

In Chapter 6 “Sample Specifications”you’ll find samples of detailed specificationsfor suppliers, written by other agencies.Perhaps you can draw directly from thework of others in developing your requestsfor environmentally sound products.

Once you’ve identified the type of productyou are interested in, check the GVRD’s“Recycled Products Listing” inChapter 7. This listing of local suppliershas been compiled to promote the use oflocal products made from post-consumerrecycled materials. By purchasing suchproducts we help to establish markets formaterials that are collected in municipal bluebox and business recycling programs.

Chapter 8 “Reference Materials” suggestsa host of other environmental purchasingresources available to you through theInternet.

The Appendices contain three items:

n “Five Guiding Principles forEnvironmental Purchasing”

n “Evolution of EnvironmentalProcurement Policies”

n “GVRD: Project WasteManagement Master Specification”,“Building Deconstruction MasterSpecification”, and “Directory ofResource Efficient BuildingProducts” in CD format.

Environmental Chapter 2 – Using This Guide

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Meeting CorporateExpectationsIn the past you’ve made purchasingdecisions based on numerous criteriaincluding price, performance, sales supportand so on. With the establishment of anenvironmental purchasing policy,environmental implications should join yourlist of criteria whenever feasible. Becauseenvironmental criteria are new to most of us,this guide has been prepared to help.

This guide is not intended to make your jobharder! It is not a set of regulations thatdictate what you must do. Rather, the guideis intended to help you consider theenvironmental implications of futurepurchasing decisions. Staff are asked torespect the intent of a corporate purchasingpolicy as detailed in Chapter 3 by, at aminimum, consulting the criteria andsuggestions included in this guide.

Retired Mayor Jack Loucks, City of NorthVancouver, presents trophy to A. Waring ofPolygon Construction

Case Study: Recycled glasstrophies.

When Thomas Mueller, Constructionand Demolition Recycling Advisor withthe GVRD, needed trophies for theannual Job Site Recycling Awards in1999 he contacted Sterling Glass ofVictoria. Sterling Glass recycles over100,000 kilograms of waste glass eachyear into new products for the giftware,tableware and awards industries.Mueller’s decision to order attractiverecycled glass trophies from Sterlingdemonstrates the critical role purchasersplay in “closing the recycling loop” bybuying products made from materialscollected in local recycling programs.

Chapter 3 – The Environmental Purchasing Policy EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide


The EnvironmentalPurchasing Policy

The City of Richmond’sEnvironmental PurchasingPolicyIn order to increase the development andawareness of environmentally sound productsand services, City of Richmond staff willreview their contracts and tender specificationsfor goods and services, to ensure that whereverpossible and economically feasible,specifications are amended to provide forconsideration of environmental characteristics.Consideration may be given to thoseenvironmental products that are certified by anindependent accredited organization.

The City of Richmond as a whole willendeavour to increase its use of products andservices that are more responsible to theenvironment in the way that they are made,used, transported, stored and packaged anddisposed of. It is recognized that analysis isrequired in order to ensure that the products aremade available at competitive prices, and thatthe environmental benefits provided by aproduct or service should not significantlyaffect the intended use of that product orservice.

Environmental Chapter 3 – The Environmental Purchasing Policy

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In Plain EnglishLike every good news story, the policyaddresses the questions of who, what,where, when and why.

Who should implement this policy?

The short answer is “everyone”!

What actions should be undertaken?

City staff are asked, “wherever possible andeconomically feasible”, to consider theenvironmental characteristics of goods andservices they may purchase or recommendfor purchase. This includes reviewingcontracts and tender specifications andrevising them to reflect environmentalconsiderations as appropriate.

Where does this policy apply?

Again, the short answer is “everywhere!”Staff are asked to add environmentalconsiderations to the way they judge everyproduct or service. That means looking atthe way a product is made, used,transported, stored, packaged and disposedof.

The policy recognizes that environmentalcriteria are only one way in which staff willjudge a product or service. Analysis isneeded in order to ensure thatenvironmentally responsible products aremade available at competitive prices, andthat the environmental benefits provided bya product or service do not undermine theoverall performance.

When does this policy take effect?

Now.

Why establish a policy?

An environmental policy is established “inorder to increase the development andawareness of environmentally soundproducts and services.” Environmentallypreferable products are often better, serve

longer, save money over the long-term andbecome less expensive after widespreadacceptance. The desired outcome is that thewhole organization strives to increase theuse of products and services that are moreresponsible to the environment.

A Little BackgroundThe City of Richmond EnvironmentalPurchasing Policy is modelled after thegroundbreaking Statement of Principleadvocated by the Association of CanadianCities for Environmentally Sound Strategies(ACCESS).

When ACCESS members — seniorprocurement officials representing majorurban areas across Canada — first met in1989 there were limited, almost non-existentsources and supplies of recycled contentproducts. Members felt that, in order toensure the continued success of wastereduction and recycling programs, soundprocurement policies were needed. TheStatement of Principle, now endorsed and/oradopted by over fifty Canadianmunicipalities, was seen as the starting pointtoward the development of environmentallysound purchasing strategies.

ACCESS’s approach has proven to besound. In the last decade the availability ofrecycled products has increasedsignificantly. The price gap betweenrecycled products and standard stock havenarrowed dramatically, and in a number ofcases the prices for recycled products are atpar or lower than prices for standard stock.Market conditions and factors of supply anddemand, not artificial price preferences orpremiums, have largely determined pricing.

For a closer look at how ACCESS hasrevised its “Statement of Principle” over thelast decade, please see “Evolution ofEnvironmental Procurement Policies”,Appendix A.

Chapter 4 – Considerations Before You Buy EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide


Case Study: Using recycledtelephone and hydro poles.

Just how good is recycled lumber? It’sgreat, according to the municipalitieswho have used lumber milled from oldtelephone and hydro poles. BC WoodRecyclers is a local company workingwith Telus and BC Hydro to processold, no-longer-functional poles intouseable lumber. And fine lumber it is:long, straight and aged 40 to 60 years.Many municipal structures incorporatethis lumber, including a new bridge onthe east side of Richmond Nature Park,the wharf at Richmond’s Garry Point,Steveston Docks and Delta RecyclingSociety’s information kiosk. The latestuse? Adirondack chairs and picnic tablesmanufactured by the BurnabyAssociation for the MentallyHandicapped.

Steveston Docks

ConsiderationsBefore You Buy

Environmentally PreferredProductsIt’s easy to say that we should all buyenvironmentally preferred products orservices, but it’s not always easy to identifythese products and services. What are theirattributes? In 1999 the City of TorontoCouncil adopted its EnvironmentallyResponsible Procurement Policy whichpresents some straightforward, generalcriteria.

An environmentally preferred product(EPP) is one that is less harmful to theenvironment than the next bestalternative, having characteristicsincluding but not limited to the following:

n Reduce waste and make efficient useof resources: An EPP would be aproduct that is more energy, fuel, orwater efficient, or that uses lesspaper, ink, or other resources. Forexample, energy-efficient lighting,and photocopiers capable of double-sided photocopying

n Are reusable or contain reusableparts: These are products such asrechargeable batteries, reusablebuilding partitions, and laser printerswith refillable toner cartridges

n Are recyclable: A product will beconsidered to be EPP if localfacilities exist capable of recyclingthe product at the end of its usefullife

n Contain recycled material: An EPPcontains post-consumer recycledcontent. An example is paperproducts made from recycled post-consumer fibre

n Produce fewer polluting by-productsand/or safety hazards duringmanufacture, use or disposal: AnEPP product would be a non-hazardous product that replaces ahazardous product

n Have a long service-life and/or canbe economically and effectivelyrepaired or upgraded.

Environmental Chapter 4 – Considerations Before You Buy

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A ComprehensiveEnvironmental PurchasingChecklistWhile the City of Toronto’s general criteriaare a great place to start, it is important to gofurther and ask more questions to determinethe environmental qualities of a particularproduct or service.

The following checklist, drawn in large partfrom Environment Canada’s “GreenProcurement Checklist,” suggests a numberof questions to consider when contemplatingthe purchase of a product or service.

Environmental Purchasing ChecklistA. Confirm the Need to Buy

n Is the product/service necessary?n Have other options for meeting the

need been explored? For example, isthere a comparable product availableinternally?

n Can the product be shared, borrowed orrented?

n Is the quantity requested appropriateand sure to be used?

n Are all the features/elementsnecessary?

n Will the product be used to the end ofits useful life? If not, can it be easilyreallocated or donated to charity?

B. Consider the Environmental Attributesof the Product

Is the product:

n Certified by the Environmental Choiceprogram, Green Seal or other thirdparty certification?

n Designed to minimize waste?

n Energy efficient (for example, officeequipment with a power-saving “sleep”mode)? Does its energy use comparefavourably to other products in thesame category?

n Less polluting during its use thancompeting products (for example, non-toxic, biodegradable cleaners)?

n Free from hazardous ingredients thatwould require special disposal (forexample, mercury)?

n Free from resources that come fromenvironmentally sensitive regions (forexample, contains no lumber fromtropical rainforests such as some teak)?

n Free from banned or restrictedsubstances (for example, contains noCFCs or benzene)?

n Manufactured from recycled materials,including a high percentage of post-consumer recycled content?

n Durable, with a long service life?n Accompanied by clear and

comprehensive operating instructions?(This will help to ensure that it is usedefficiently.)

n Easy to maintain in good operatingcondition?

n Economical to repair?n Easy to upgrade?n Reusable, or does it include reusable

parts (for example, rechargeablebatteries)?

n Packaged with the intent to minimizewaste (for example, bulk packaging)?

n Packaged in recycled or recyclablematerials?

C. Consider Disposal of the Product andIts Packaging

Can the product and its packaging be:

n Reused or refurbished for further use(for example, furniture)?

n Resold or reallocated?n Returned to the supplier for reuse,

recycling or recovery?



Case Study: Using salvagedbuilding materials.

The City of Vancouver’s new MaterialsTesting Lab on East Kent Avenue Southis an exciting example of how salvagedand recycled building materials can beused in new construction.Approximately three-quarters of thebuilding’s structure and fabric areconstructed with materials availablefrom recently demolished warehousebuildings on the same site. For example,glazing throughout the building consistsof sealed glazing units fabricated fromsalvaged glass, in frames milled on sitefrom old wood decking material.Approximately $50,000 in cost savingsare attributed to the use of salvagedmaterials, though these savings areoffset against some increasedconstruction management fees andlabour costs.

Source: GVRD Design Guide.

n Contributed to the BC RecyclingCouncil’s Materials ExchangeProgram?

n Recycled locally?

The relative importance of these questionswill vary depending on the product orservice you seek. In general, choose theoption that meets the greatest proportion ofthese criteria. Be sure to advise suppliersthat you will evaluate products and serviceaccording to these factors. Of course, youwill integrate environmental considerationswith other criteria such as performance, lifeexpectancy, quality and value for money.

Assessing Life Cycle ImpactsLife cycle assessment (LCA) seeks toanswer the question: What is theenvironmental burden of a product orservice, from its design through toproduction and then final disposal? A LCAseeks to determine the impact of a productor service over its entire life, from “cradle tograve” as it is sometimes described.

Certification programs such as Canada’sEnvironmental Choice Program (describedon the next page) carry out life cycleassessments to evaluate existing products. Ina LCA the air, water and solid wastepollution generated when raw materials areextracted are all considered. The assessmentincludes the energy used in the extraction ofraw materials and the pollution that resultsfrom manufacturing the product. It alsoaccounts for environmental harm that mightoccur during the distribution and use of theproduct. Lastly, a LCA examines the solidand liquid wastes that are loaded on to theenvironment following final use of theproduct.

While it may not be feasible for civicemployees to carry out LCA, it is possibleand desirable for staff to consider theindependent recommendations of agenciesthat undertake such analysis.

Environmental LabellingShifting through all the products that claimto be “green” or “environmentally safe” or“recyclable” can be a daunting task. Whilemanufacturers and service providers haverecognized that many consumers areinterested in purchasing environmentallyacceptable products and so have labelledtheir products as such, not all claims arevalid and many are misleading.

Environmental Chapter 4 – Considerations Before You Buy

Purchasing Guide


Thankfully, there are a number oforganisations putting considerable time andeffort into evaluating products and servicesbased on environmental impacts. Fiveprograms of particular note are describedbelow.

The Environmental Choice Program

Canada’s Environmental Choice program isa comprehensive, national environmentallabelling program initiated by EnvironmentCanada. Products and services certified bythe Environmental Choice Program areproven to have less of an impact on theenvironment because of how they aremanufactured, consumed or disposed of.Certification of products and services isbased on compliance with stringentenvironmental criteria that are established inconsultation with industry, environmentalgroups and independent experts and arebased on research into the life cycle impactsof a product or service.

The Program's official symbol ofcertification is the EcoLogo. For a catalogueof certified environmentally responsibleproducts and services, suppliers andavailability, visit the Environmental Choiceprogram web site atwww.environmentalchoice.com.

The web site also offers over 100 guidelinesfor defining green products and services.Simply select a product category to obtainthe specific criteria goods and services inthat category must meet in order to obtainthe EcoLogo. References to theseguidelines may be found in Chapter 5“Guidelines for Purchasing” of this manual,while sample excerpts may be found inChapter 6 “Sample Specifications.”

Green Seal

Green Seal is an independent, non-profitorganisation in the U.S., dedicated toprotecting the environment by promoting themanufacture and sale of environmentallyresponsible consumer products. It setsenvironmental standards and awards a“Green Seal of Approval” to products thatcause less harm to the environment thanother similar products. For moreinformation, visit Green Seal’s web site atwww.greenseal.org.



Energy Star

Sponsored by the U.S. Department ofEnergy and the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, ENERGY STAR labelsproducts such as computer CPUs, monitors,printers, copiers, fax machines andcontrolling devices that exceed US energyefficiency standards. ENERGY STAR alsoincludes lighting, appliances, windows andmany other products. For more informationand energy-saving advice, visit their website at www.energystar.gov or call their toll-free hotline at 1-888-STAR-YES.

EnerGuide

EnerGuide is an official Government ofCanada mark associated with the labellingand rating of the energy consumption orenergy efficiency of household appliances,heating and ventilation equipment, airconditioners, houses and vehicles.

Many Canadians recognize the EnerGuidelabels that allow them to compare the energyefficiencies of different householdappliances and heating and coolingequipment. There is now a similar label onall new cars, vans and light duty trucks forsale in Canada. For more information aboutthe EnerGuide family of programs go to theOffice of Energy Efficiency web site athttp://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/energuide. EnerGuide,the EnerGuide for Houses logo, the stylizedEnerGuide workmark and the EG design graphic areall official marks of the Government of Canada. Usedwith permission.

Power Smart

BC Hydro, through its energy conservationprogram Power Smart, assists bothresidential and business customers in findingways to increase energy efficiency anddecrease energy consumption. While PowerSmart does not certify products or services,it does offer a number of support programsand publications.

The Power Smart publication BusinessEnergy Tips presents a host of energy-saving strategies, from turning offcomputers and monitors after hours tosetting water tank temperatures to energy-efficient levels. More information is alsoavailable on BC Hydro’s Power Partnershipsweb site at www.powerpartnerships.com.

http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/energuide

Chapter 5 – Guidelines For Purchasing Specific Types of Products EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide


Guidelines ForPurchasing SpecificTypes of Products

Recycling, energy efficiency, materialconservation, pollution prevention.

These are all objectives of environmentallypreferred, environmentally responsible,environmentally sound procurement orpurchasing. These words capture the essence— the “key words” — of the guidelines forEnvironmental Purchasing.

Caution! Overload WarningWith the immense amount of informationavailable on the Internet about otherorganizations’ experiences in this area, asimple search engine inquiry using the keywords can result in a daunting amount ofinformation through which to sift. Some ofthe information may be readily usable.However, a lot of the information in its rawform will be questionable for your particularapplication because most organizations’needs grow from unique histories, availableresources, and future plans.

There is good news. A lot of the legwork hasbeen done for you. The sections in thischapter outline guidelines and specificationsin ten different categories ranging frombuilding maintenance, to janitorial products,to office supplies, to furniture and vehiclemaintenance. The language in this chapterhas been structured to allow you to cutthrough technical jargon and build your ownspecifications for your particular needs.

There are additional references in this guidethat should be used with this chapter:

n If you want to refer to very technicalspecifications Õ go to Chapter 6“Sample Specifications”

n If you want to refer to typical productsand suppliers Õ go to Chapter 7“Recycled Products Listing, GVRD”

n If you want to refer to a list of generaloutside references and resources Õ goto Chapter 8 “Reference Materials.”

All guidelines and specifications presentedare intended to assist in purchasing productsor services that will reduce or providepositive environmental impact. They areintended to help achieve the commitmentmade through the adoption of anenvironmental purchasing policy.

As outlined in Chapter 1 “EnvironmentalPurchasing Matters”, environmentalpurchasing involves considering the costsand environmental consequences of aproduct in all stages of its life cycle, fromproduct development and manufacturingthrough product use to the ultimate disposalof whatever remains of the product at theend of its life span. When we practiceenvironmental purchasing we evaluatepotential purchases not just by standardcriteria such as price and performance butby environmental criteria such as recycledcontent, packaging and energy efficiency aswell.

All information presented is current at thetime of printing. The information maychange as new technology; processes andregulations come into effect. Responsibilitylies with the user to decide whether theguidelines and specifications are applicablefor their unique needs. Liabilities incurredconsequent to the use of these guidelinesrest with the user.

Environmental Chapter 5 – Guidelines For Purchasing Specific Types of Products

Purchasing Guide


Customized Guidelines andSpecifications Versus Seals ofApprovalWhen we practice environmental purchasingwe can evaluate potential purchases in twoways:

n We can develop our own sets ofguidelines and specifications to allowfor comparisons, calling onspecifications developed by others andmodifying them for our own needs. Theadvantage to this approach is we can“up the ante,” starting with a commonlyaccepted base level or standard ofservice and then customizing it for ourown purposes. The disadvantage is thatit can be time consuming and fraughtwith challenges and questions

n We can go a simpler route and rely onbona fide “seals of approval” thatproducts have garnered fromenvironmental agencies to assist us inmaking environmental purchasingdecisions. The advantage to thisapproach is the time and effort saved.The disadvantage is that we may haveto compromise our larger list ofpotential service or product providers.

An example of a program that grants such a“seal of approval” is the EnvironmentalChoice Program of Environment Canada.Products and services certified byEnvironmental Choice are proven to haveless of an impact on the environmentbecause of how they are manufactured,consumed or disposed of.

Certification of products and services isbased on compliance with stringentenvironmental criteria that are established inconsultation with industry, environmentalgroups, and independent experts and arebased on research into the life-cycle impactsof a product or service. The Program'sofficial symbol of certification, its seal ofapproval, is the EcoLogo, a registered markof Environment Canada. It may only be usedin association with products and servicesthat are certified by Environmental Choice.

Certification programs in the United Statesinclude the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency’s Energy Star program and theGreen Seal program, an initiative of thenonprofit environmental labelingorganization Green Seal. For furtherinformation on environmental labeling, seeChapter 4 in this guide.



5.1 GeneralBuildingMainenance

Building Maintenance is an area ofmunicipal operations that has seen enormouschanges since the advent of “smartbuildings” and the increased focus on energyconservation and workplace safety. Gone arethe days of buying the least expensive paint,carpet or fixture. Purchasers should nowconsider a wide variety of immediateimpacts on users of a facility, as well aslonger-term implications on operatingbudgets.

By and large, products containingcommonly recognized, potentially“environmentally hazardous” products (suchas products containing asbestos, PCB’s orlead) are no longer offered for sale inCanada. But many older facilities stillcontain materials where these products canbe found.

For example, asbestos was used in a widevariety of products. As recently as the1970’s asbestos was found in ceiling tile,linoleum flooring, insulation and even inwater mains. In many instances propermanagement to ensure that particles don’tbreak off and become airborne (thusbecoming a danger to lungs) has minimizedits hazards.

Another example concerns paint. Durablepaints were traditionally oil-based and manypaints commonly contained lead additives.Both of these procedures have long termenvironmental impacts. New paint productsare water-based formulas and the more toxicadditives are generally relegated to specialapplications.

Sections 5.1.1 through 5.1.8 deal with themost typical “day to day” buildingmaintenance purchases. They do not dealwith heating, ventilation, or air-conditioningsystems that are typically engineered underlarger scale contracts and require particularspecifications.

You can start saving energy today. Try thesethree simple strategies:

n Give your computer the night off.Turning off just one computer andmonitor at night and on weekendsresults in annual cost savings of $44.For computers that must be left on afterhours, still turn off the monitor.Monitors consume over 2/3 of the totalenergy required to run a computer

n Reduce your paper trail. Useelectronic mail and fax modems toavoid the energy cost of printingmessages. As an added bonus, you’llalso save paper

n Turn off the lights. Just like yourmother said, lights should be turned offwhenever an area is unoccupied.Consider installing occupancy sensorsfor greater convenience.

Source: BC Hydro Business Energy Tips.

George Duncan, CAO, City of Richmond


Purchasing Guide


Consider the following “Rules of Thumb”for most typical “day to day” BuildingMaintenance Selection:

n Reduce materials used and usematerials efficiently

n Optimize space to reduce overallbuilding size

n Specify standard dimension materialsto reduce waste

n Use interior finishes that are durable orimprove indoor air quality

n Specify materials with the best life-cycle environmental profile

n Look for durable and low-maintenancematerials

n Match material life span to life span ofthe building

n Select materials that need infrequentrecoating or refinishing

n Reject materials that need cleaning withhigh-emission cleaners

n Use materials readily recycled orreused

n Select biodegradable materials orproducts that can be recycled withexisting technologies and collectionprograms

n Choose adhesives, paints, sealants, andother materials with low or no volatileorganic chemical (VOC)* emissions

n Find products that emit the leastamount of other chemicals harmful tohuman health.

* A note for cross-reference.Some of 5.1 General Building Maintenancesections may also be applicable to Productsand Services required for “Construction,Renovation, and Demolition” (Section 5.8).

* A note about VOC: What is it?Common to many products in the BuildingMaintenance category (and most any refinedpetroleum ingredient in any number ofproducts), is the presence of volatile organiccompounds (VOC). These are commonly theingredients that give these products theirdistinctive smell. Examples are paint fumes,gas fumes, the “smell” of new syntheticcarpet etc. VOC’s react with nitrogen oxidesin the presence of sunlight to produceground-level ozone and photochemicalsmog. Reference to VOC appearsthroughout Chapter 5.



5.1.1 Paint

An Overview

Paints are among the most widely purchased products in the area of building maintenance.Paints are sometimes called “surface coatings” in reference material on specifications, as this isthe class of product to which they belong. Surface coatings include paints, stains andvarnishes.

These products range in environmental impact, but all have the potential to adversely affect theenvironment through improper use, waste, and end disposal.

n Latex and acrylic paints (water based) are generally considered less damaging to theenvironment than oil based paints.

n Oil based paints have traditionally been called “enamels”, “stains” and “varnishes”. Theirapplication has generally been promoted because of durability in “tough wear” andadverse exposure conditions.

n Oil based paints in the past had used lead as an additive. This is no longer the case.n In Canada, application of these coatings releases thousands of tonnes of volatile organic

compounds (VOC) (see 5.1) into the atmosphere each year.

Paint is produced in a highly regulated industry governed by several associations. Paintproducts are produced to specific industry standards that also incorporate environmentalcriterion. There are many types of seals of approval or guidelines on which to rely whenpurchasing such product. For details refer to the “ Specifications from Other Agencies andSeals of Approval” below.

Potential Environmental Impacts

n Volatile organic compounds (VOC) and fumes.n Unused product disposal, if not performed properly, could lead to environmental

problems.

Things to Consider If You Write Your Own Specifications

This is an opportunity to add clauses in paint specifications to address:

n Highest recycled contentn Recyclable products with “seals of approval”n Low or no fumes (off-gassing) and preferably no volatile organic compounds (VOCs)n Desired absence of mercury or mercury compoundsn Desired absence of pigments of lead, cadmium, chrome VI or their oxides that have

recycled contentn Longevity of application.

Specifications from Other Agencies and Seals of Approval

Environmental Choice program guideline ECP-76(details at www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-76.pdf)

Governments Incorporating Procurement Policies to Eliminate Refuse (GIPPER)(details at www.buygreen.com/main/gipper/paint.htm)

Green Seal GS-11(details at www.greenseal.org/pdf/paint.pdf)


Purchasing Guide


5.1.2 Insulation

An Overview

There are many thermal insulation materials on the market. They may be purchased as twotypes: plastic foam insulation or fibrous material. More thermal insulation is used now than inthe past, as the trend has been to curb the use of energy and non-renewable resources.

In addition to the energy conserved by using insulation materials, increasing the use ofrecycled materials will reduce the amount of materials entering the waste stream and reducetotal resource consumption. In the case of use of fibrous material and cellulose filler, recycledmixed paper has become a potential ingredient.


Potential environmental impacts include:

n Health hazards from dust and fumes during and after insulationn Energy and resource consumption in manufacturing the productn Incorporation of ozone depleting substances in the manufacture of the product.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in insulation specifications to address:

n Highest recycled contentn Recyclable products with “seals of approval”n Low or no fumes (off- gassing) and preferably no volatile organic compounds (VOCs).


Environmental Choice program guideline ECP-40(details at http://www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-40.pdf)

Energy Star(details at http://www.epa.gov/appdstar/insulation/pdf/guide.pdf)

http://www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-40.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/appdstar/insulation/pdf/guide.pdf)



5.1.3 Sealants and CaulkingCompounds

An Overview

Sealants and caulking compounds are used to fill and seal joints in buildings and otherstructures. They are applied to accommodate relative movement and significantly reduceunintentional air exchange. They assist in lowering heating and cooling losses and conservingenergy.

The very reasons that these compounds have been developed to be soft and pliable results intheir environmental impacts. The compounds dry very slowly, thereby remaining pliable.While longevity of application is sought, their slow drying results in long duration of off-gassing due to VOC (see 5.1).


n Many sealants and caulking compounds contain volatile organic compounds (VOC) whichoff-gas (release fumes) after application. Increased levels of VOC in buildings have beenattributed to the use of sealants and may contribute to reduced interior air quality.

n Unused product disposal, if not performed properly, could lead to environmentalproblems.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in sealant and caulking specifications to address:

n Highest recycled contentn Preference for products with “seals of approval”n Low or no fumes (off- gassing) and preferably no volatile organic compounds (VOCs)n Longevity of application.




Purchasing Guide


5.1.4 Adhesives

An Overview

Adhesives come in many forms and mixtures and are used for bonding in fabrication,maintenance and repair applications. Like sealant and caulking, many adhesives containvolatile organic compounds (VOC’s) (see 5.1) that, when released, may contribute to reducedinterior air quality.

Adhesives may be specified as one component required to complete a building maintenancejob (e.g. re-flooring) or as a part of a pre-assembled item (e.g. cabinetry). In both theseexamples VOC and fumes could be adverse or left-over adhesive could become difficult todispose of.


n Volatile organic compounds (VOC) and fumes.n Unused product disposal if not performed properly could lead to environmental problems.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in adhesive specifications to address:

n Preference for products with “seals of approval”n Low or no fumes (off- gassing) and preferably no volatile organic compounds (VOCs)n Longevity of application.





5.1.5 Carpeting

An Overview

The vast amount of carpet manufactured and installed in North America is made of synthetic materials— nylon, polyester and polypropylene (PP) face fibres with most backings being a sandwich ofpolypropylene fabric and latex, or vinyl. Most commercial carpet is made by bonding a face fibre to abacking fibre, using one of a variety of strong bonding agents. Nylon accounts for nearly two-thirds ofthe face fibre market, with PP being the next most commonly used fibre.

Recycled content and recyclable carpet options each have their own merits and considerations,depending on specific need, location, and use. Nylon, polyester, and plastics are made from petroleum, anon-renewable resource. Since the face fibre backing can contribute up to 60% of the carpet material,purchasing a nylon face fibre with 100% recycled content backing is worth consideration.

Closed-loop systems, where used carpet fibre and backing are made into new carpet and backing (andwhich can be recycled into new carpet after its useful life) are important to consider. Leasing is anotheroption for commercial applications; the manufacturer bears responsibility for replacing worn sections ofcarpet and recycling the used carpet.

Note that new developments have been made using recycled PET materials:n 100 per cent of the yarn is extruded and spun from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET),

principally derived from post consumer soft drink bottlesn Virgin fossil fuel raw materials are not needed to produce this carpet, saving several million barrels

of crude oil per yearn The carpet is finished with materials that do not contain formaldehyden The carpet is dyed in high-pressure jet dye becks, eliminating the need for biphenyl ingredients as

dye carriers. This method of dyeing uses approximately 66 per cent of the water needed forconventional dyeing

n PET recycling does not generate nitrous oxide nor emit nitrous oxide into the air, so it does notcontribute to ozone depletion or global warming

n PET carpet production uses more than 40 million pounds of PET bottles per year that wouldotherwise have become landfill.


n Indoor air quality concerns from fumes given off by new or recycled synthetic materials mayfavour “natural materials” such as wool, cocoa matting, hemp and similar materials.

n Conventional synthetic carpets are made from non-renewable resources.n Disposal issues at end of product life span.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in carpeting specifications to address:n Any extraordinary requirements for natural products or materialsn Highest recycled contentn Recyclable products with “seals of approval”n Products that minimize volatile organic compound (VOC see 5.1) emissionsn Carpet that is not SB latex-backed (latex without 4-PC content)n Products that contain natural or vegetable dyes and additivesn Colours that match natural soiling to hide dirt and stainsn A minimum 10-year warrantyn A minimum of 28 ounces per square yard for loop pile carpet and 34 ounces per square yard for cut

pile carpet.


King County Environmental Purchasing Program, Environmentally Responsible Carpet Choices(details at www.metrokc.gov/procure/green/carpet.htm)


Purchasing Guide


5.1.6 Ceiling Tile

An Overview

Ceiling tiles generally fall under the product category of acoustical products. By requiringproducts to have at least a minimum percentage recycled content, the amount of materialentering the waste stream and total resource consumption will be reduced.

Ceiling tiles are generally designed to be light, to be acoustically deadening, and to be durableand low maintenance. At one time ceiling tiles had high asbestos content. Ceiling tiles arecontinuing to improve with the advent of new recycling technologies. However olderproperties requiring maintenance may still contain some of this product. Some products now onthe market have a minimum of 70 per cent recycled content (mineral fibre). They are durableand tear resistant, so they can be reused.


n Health hazards from dust and fumes during and after insulation.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in ceiling tile specifications to address:

n Desirability of tiles made from cellulose fibres, mineral and slag wool by-products and/orrecycled fibreglass

n Tiles that do not contain asbestos fibresn A high percentage of recycled contentn Preference for products with “seals of approval”n Durable construction, low maintenancen A product that meets all building and fire codes.



Case Study: Energy Efficient Emissivity Curtains

In 1991, in order to improve energy efficiency and reduceenergy costs in Richmond’s Minoru arenas, emissivitycurtains (basically large reflector blankets) were installed inthe arenas’ ceilings. Richmond received a $41,000 rebatefrom BC Hydro on the total $67,000 cost of the project. Inthe first year alone Richmond realised energy savings of over$16,000.

Source: Internal report.Minoru Arenas



5.1.7 Roofing

An Overview

In the last few decades roofing in institutional commercial and industrial settings has beenprimarily a system of membranes and tar and gravel addressing the needs of “flat roofed”structures. Because of the use of tar, off-gassing and VOCs (see 5.1) are a concern.

With the advent of more diverse architectural styles and the retrofitting of existing flat roofstructures to make use of urban space, more roofing material choices are available.


n Depending on material specified, air quality may be impacted adversely during time ofinstallation.

n Depending on material specified, offgassing and VOCs may have a negative impact overlonger term.

n Depending on material specified, there may be use of non-renewable resources.n Disposal issues at end of product life span.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in roofing specifications to address:

n Highest recycled contentn Preference for products with “seals of approval”n Low or no fumes (off- gassing) and preferably no volatile organic compounds (VOCs)n Longevity of applicationn Aproduct that meets all building and fire codes.


Currently, most reliable roofers adhere to strict codes of practice developed by their industry,which provides long-term warranties on materials and labour. Specifications particular toenvironmental purchasing and such seals of approval are not common.


Purchasing Guide


5.1.8 Walls (Gypsum-dry wall)

An Overview

Gypsum-drywall is one of the most used building materials of the last 50 years. Many olderfacilities may still have plaster walls but a combination of plaster and drywall is more thenorm. Newer facilities likely have drywall construction as the norm.

Gypsum-drywall (called drywall or rock wall or gyproc) is made from gypsum based fillersandwiched between membranes. While designed to be a particularly fast and convenient wayof installing walls to a stage ready for a prime coat of paint, disposal of the walls has anenvironmental impact. In a landfill, drywall breaks down, emitting the readily-recognizablerotten egg smell associated with sulfur. The gases formed create problems at landfills.Gypsum-drywall is readily recyclable for the production of new dry wall, and separatecollection of gypsum-drywall during construction clean up and demolition is required by locallegislation. Recycling facilities are also available.

Building maintenance purchases with regard to drywall will most likely not be influenced byspecifications for a better drywall as the industry has well-accepted standards and the use of theEcoLogo is prevalent. The maintenance purchase will however be influenced by specificationsfor demountable (full wall) partitions as described in section 5.4.2

Potential Environmental Impactsn End-of-use disposal is a potential problem at landfills.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in Gypsum-drywall specifications to address:

n A high percentage of recycled contentn Preference for products with “seals of approval”n Signs of durable construction, low maintenancen A product that meets all building and fire codes.


Environmental Choice program guideline ECP-50(details at. www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-50.pdf)



5.2 Janitorial Products

Janitorial products include cleaners,disposable papers and tissues that are usedon a daily basis in most workplace settings.Environmental procurement can have alarge impact here because of the largervolumes of product in this materialcategory.

Products range from general purposecleaning agents to commercial and industrialstrength cleaners to disposable papers andtissues. All of these products arecommonplace and are also packaged for usein residential settings.

5.2.1 General Purpose CleaningAgents

An Overview

The primary function of general purpose cleaners is to remove soils from hard surfaces.Statistics indicate over 54,000 tonnes of general purpose cleaners are consumed annually inCanada.

The major ingredients in general purpose cleaning products are surfactants, builder, solvents,and scouring abrasives. Surfactants lower the surface tension of the water, allowing thecleaning solution to penetrate and suspend soils.

Cleaning products on the market have been labelled "environmentally friendly" because theyare phosphate free or are considered biodegradable. However, this determination has beendifficult to assess in the past due to the lack of definitive standards for biodegradability andother environmental factors. The Environmental Choice Program is now developing guidelines.


n May be a burden on the environment in terms of wastewater loading and treatment,emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (see 5.1) and resource consumption.

n If surfactants are not easily biodegraded, they may persist and harm ecosystems.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in general purpose cleaners to address:

n Preference for natural products or materials like reusable towellingn Preference for highest recycled content (for example in paper products)n Preference for products with “seals of approval”n Preference for products that are biodegradable, not toxic or chlorinated, and standardized

as much as possible to reduce the number of chemicals in usen Preference for products that minimize volatile organic compound (VOC) emissionsn Preference for products with minimal packaging in refillable or recyclable containers.



Green Seal GS-08(details at www.greenseal.org/standard/h-cleanr.htm)


Purchasing Guide


5.2.2 Industrial and CommercialCleaners

An Overview

Industrial and commercial cleaners are used primarily for facility and machinery cleaning. Theselection of a cleaner is influenced primarily by the nature of the surface to be cleaned, thenature of the soiling, and the degree of cleanliness required.

The key active ingredients in industrial and commercial cleaners are: surfactants (to lowerwater tension and allow cleaning solution to work), builders (to control water hardness andimprove surfactant performance), alkalis and organic solvents.


n If the surfactants are not easily biodegraded they may persist and harm ecosystems.n Similarly, the products of degradation may also pose an elevated risk to the environment.n Builders may have adverse impacts on aquatic systems and water quality if present at

excessive concentrations.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in industrial and commercial cleaner specifications toaddress:

n Requirements for meeting existing government specifications (Canadian GeneralStandards Board (CGSB) in order to validate manufacturer claims that products work justas well or better than other products

n Preference for products which are non-hazardous and low in phosphaten Preference for water based cleaners over those of organic solvents with VOCsn Where biodegradability is requested, the product’s ability to degrade at the disposal site

must be evaluated based on specific criteria such as: time required to degrade, recognizedtest method used, degradation by-products, and overall toxicity of substances generatedduring the degradation process

n Products of degradation and the product in question must not contain ingredients that areknown to be damaging to the environment and/or the sewage collection or treatmentfacility

n Preference for products that require only a small amount to clean well, over others thatrequire a larger amount, provided that all performance criteria are met (e.g. concentrates)

n Cleaning products should be purchased in containers which are reusable (refillable),returnable or recyclable (where recycling programs accept the containers)

n Contracts for janitorial and cleaning services should specify the use of EcoLogo approvedproducts where applicable.


Environmental Choice program guideline ECP-57(details at.www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-57.pdf)



5.2.3 Disposable Papers and Tissues

An Overview

Statistics indicate that more than 500,000 tonnes of paper, including disposable paper, toilettissue, kitchen towels, facial issues, table napkins and hand towels, are manufactured in Canadaeach year.

Alternatives in the choice of pulp finish, pulp and paper technology and emission control areavailable to manufactures. The Environmental Choice Program has developed five separateguidelines that address: toilet tissue, paper towels, facial tissue, table napkins and hand towels.


n Manufacture of product may release substances that contaminate the environment andenter the solid waste stream.


A requirement for minimum recycled content is not specified in the guidelines. That parameterhas been incorporated into manufacturer resource consumption and solid waste productionmeasurements (performance in these area increases as amount of recycled material increases).

If considering the purchase of a product outside of the ECP guidelines and EcoLogo, you maywish to consider specification of a desired level of recycled content, bleach free products, andenvironmentally friendly packaging, all of which are addressed in the guidelines themselves.


Environmental Choice program guideline ECP-59 through 63(details at.www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-59.pdf)(details at.www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-60.pdf)(details at.www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-61.pdf)(details at.www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-62.pdf)(details at.www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-63.pdf)

Green Seal GS-09(details at www.greenseal.org/standard/tn-paper.htm)

Green Seal GS-01(details at www.greenseal.org/standard/t-paper.htm)


Purchasing Guide


5.3 Vehicles and Maintenance“Vehicles and Maintenance” encompasses acategory of environmental purchasing thataddresses not only the procurement ofenvironmentally friendly products, but alsoof improving performance of equipment sothat it has the least impact on theenvironment

The effects of a poorly tuned engine havebeen well publicized for some time.Emissions leading to smog that contributesto the greenhouse effect are not that easy tograsp.

Environmental purchasing encompasses thesearch for more fuel efficient, less pollutingvehicles. Many fleet purchases are based on“proven track records” of a particularmanufacturer. Though the track records maybe proven, outdated technology might beextending the use of engines with pooreremission standards. EnvironmentalPurchasing opens up the possibility forchange.

Similarly, environmental purchasingencompasses use of high qualitycomponents during vehicle maintenance.This helps to ensure longer and cleanerservice, lower maintenance costs, and lesspolluting waste. Examples include use ofplatinum tipped spark plugs, longer lifecoolant, (semi) synthetic transmission fluid,asbestos free brake pads, deep cyclebatteries and higher quality gaskets. Use of

synthetic engine oils and enhanced oil filterscan double oil change intervals whileprolonging engine life, decreasing fuelconsumption, and providing longer catalyticconverter life. Recycling of antifreeze, notcommon a decade ago is now becomingcommon practice in fleet maintenance.

Environmental purchasing opens up thepossibility for alternative fuel systems.These include propane, propane-gasoline,compressed natural gas (CNG), CNG-diesel,pure ethanol, E-85 ethanol and bi-fuelcombinations, sulfur free diesel. In thefuture bio-diesel, cellulose ethanol,oxygenated diesel and synthetic or wastederived diesel fuels may join these. All holdpromise for less pollution, longer enginelife, and maintenance economy.

Environmental purchasing addresses the useof tires appropriate to need. While radialtires remain the proven “on road” choice,careful consideration should be given totheir appropriateness for off road dutieswhere the older bias ply has proven betterfor high impact uses. In all instances longerlife tires are preferable, as are tire sizes thatmeet the manufactures’ recommendationsfor maximum fuel efficiency.

This line of questioning best illustrates thepoint:“Have you recycled for a whole year?”Yes.“Did you drive your car while it needed atune-up?”Yes.“Well then the effects of the later justcancelled out the effects of the former”.

Simply stated, the effects of proper vehiclemaintenance with appropriate lubricants andfuel, as well as the effects of residualmanagement of waste tires, has not been soreadily publicized as other importantenvironmental actions.

Environmental Purchasing for fleet maintenancereally is “the rubber meeting the road”



5.3.1 Oils

An Overview

Statistics show that over one billion liters of lubricating and related oils are sold in Canadaannually. Fully 50% of these oils are consumed while 500 million liters are available forreclamation. Only about 35% of this 500 million liters is re-refined. Another 10% is burned as fuelin an environmentally satisfactory manner. The remaining 275 million liters represent a significantpollution burden.

Used oil can be collected , cleaned and re-refined into new oil products. Used engine oil andsolvents are considered waste and must be transported accordingly under applicable regulations.

Used engine oil is recycled by one of two ways:

n Re-refined for blending with additivesn Re-used as a supplementary heating fuel.

Re-refined oils typically meet or exceed manufacturers’ specifications for virgin crude oil, andthey are generally less expensive to purchase.


n Improper end-of-use disposal is a potential hazard.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in automotive oil specifications to address:n Preference for products bearing the EcoLogo and developed as in ECP-01n Assurance of product meeting SAE,API, or equipment manufacturers specifications so that

vehicle /equipment warranty is not affectedn Service maintenance garages use re-refined and recycle used oiln Assurance from collection companies of final use for used materials and verification of the

samen Assurance that collection companies are properly licensed.


Environmental Choice program guideline ECP-01(details at.www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-01.pdf)


Purchasing Guide


5.3.2 Fuels

An Overview

Canadian annual demand for gasoline reaches about 35 billion liters. Gasoline is by far themost commonly used automotive fuel.

It is reasoned that environmental benefits may accrue from either modification of existing fuelssuch as gasoline and diesel or through the use of alternative fuels in combination withspecialized vehicles.

Only a small proportion of the country’s vehicles are designed for dedicated alternative fueluse. The most immediate benefits will be gained using alternative fuels in combination withconventional gasoline. One option is the modification of the “hydrocarbon feedstock” and theuse of a variety of additives


n Increased level of air pollutionn Consumption of a non-renewable resource.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in fuel specifications to address:

n Preference for fuels that carry the EcoLogon Preference for blended fuels such as ethanol blended gasolinen Preference for ethanol derived from biomass (material of plant origin, including

agricultural waste wood and animal manure.





5.3.3 Tires

An OverviewTires purchased for fleets of vehicles have the potential for affecting the environment from twostandpoints. Product performance of the tires affects the environment in terms of use of rubber andpetroleum resources and disposal, but the immediate secondary impact on fuel economy may have fargreater consequences over the longer time frame. Typically there is less pollution if the correct tire ischosen.

Tires are categorized into two types:n Radialn Bias Ply.

In addition tires are broken into two groups:n Smaller diameter tires used for passenger and service vehiclesn Larger diameter tires used for transport vehicles and “off-road” heavy construction.

Both tire types have a wide range of environmental impacts. They have the potential to adversely affectthe environment both through improper use, and end disposal.n Radial tires are named such by virtue of their construction. The tire carcass is constructed in such a

way that the belts, to which the actual rubber and tread are attached, are radial to the cross sectionof the tire. The belts have typically been made of steel. Because of their design and constructionradial tires deform less than bias ply tires when rolling. This in turn causes them to heat less, wearout less quickly, and provide higher gas mileage. Typically radial tires of good quality have awear life of between 80,000 and 100,000 KM. Radial tires are more appropriate for use on pavedsurfaces and for wheels less than 19 inches.

n Bias Ply tires are named such by virtue of their construction. The tire carcass is constructed in sucha way that the belts are wound on a bias to the cross section of the tire. Belts traditionally havebeen made of rayon or nylon but can also be made of steel. Because of their design andconstruction bias ply tires deform more than radial tires when rolling. In turn they heat more, wearout more quickly and provide lower gas mileage. They do however provide a much greater strengthsidewall and are most appropriate for off-road use or where travel is frequently “over curb”. Biasply tires are typically better suited for high impact uses.

With regard to tire size:n Smaller tires are easier to put into a recycling loop. Typically smaller tires (up to 19 inches) are

collected. In BC they are primarily used as feedstock for cement kilnsn Larger size transport tires and off road tires can be reconfigured into “blasting mats” used in heavy

construction. Transport regulations limit the amount of times that a transport tire can be re-used.Typically a cold vulcanization process is employed. Retreads that involve gluing material onto thecarcass may be preformed 3 to 6 times depending on if the tires are used for steering or not.

Potential Environmental Impactsn Higher use of non-renewable resource if incorrect type of tire is used.n Unused product disposal, if not performed properly, could lead to environmental problems.

Things to Consider If You Write Your Own SpecificationsThis is an opportunity to add clauses in tire specifications to address:n Highest recycled contentn Vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations such as size and typen Longer life and wear performance.

Specifications from Other Agencies and Seals of ApprovalSpecifications from other agencies and seals of approval are pending. In the interim, individual tiremanufacturers’ specifications are generally driven by vehicle manufacturers developing standards for“equivalent replacement for optimum performance.”


Purchasing Guide


5.4 Furniture and Office Systems5.4.1 Office Furniture and

Workstation Panel Systems

An OverviewOffice furniture and panel systems are made with any one or a variety of materials includinggypsum board, metal, wood and wood based products, plastic and fabric. As a result of thedifferent materials that may be used in manufacture, various environmental issues must betaken into account.The design and manufacture of office furniture and panel systems can effect resourceutilization, pollution, and worker health and safety. Waste generated as a result of manufactureand disposal of these products can be minimized through reuse, remanufacture and recycling.Office furniture has traditionally been re-usable and of long life and usefulness if use andpotential future use has been taken into account. Workstation panel walls are reusable. Thesewalls can be re-configured into new partitions or recycled. They may contain from 20 per centto 50 per cent recycled materials. Vinyl board panels can be disassembled intact and ground upto produce gypsum board. Vinyl face and the drywall paper are either screened or burnt off toexpose the gypsum for recycling.

Potential Environmental Impactsn Materials used in office furniture and workstation panel systems may emit VOCs when

installed, immediately impacting indoor air quality.n Building agents such as resins used in composite wood products can also affect indoor air

quality, but the use of veneers and laminates can help to minimize these effects, as canlow VOC content or water based liquid surface coatings.

n Materials used in the manufacture, treatment, installation, and final cleaning of fabrics cancontain VOC, which in turn become secondary sources of VOC emissions.

Things to Consider If You Write Your Own SpecificationsThis is an opportunity to add clauses in furniture and panel system specifications to address:n Re-use of existing furniture where possible and refurbishment if desired. The

environmental benefits of refurbishing are: it eliminates the need to purchase newfurniture and manufacturing processes (including the use of new materials) have adverseeffects on the environment

n By promoting the re-use of existing furniture, used/surplus furniture does not go to thelandfill

n When new furniture is required, choice of a company that demonstrates environmentalresponsibility in its manufacturing processes (i.e. on-site recycling centres for fabric, etc.)

n Request for re-usable or returnable packaging and shipping materialsn When alternatives exist, avoidance of the use of products containing ozone depleting

substances and volatile organic compounds. Avoid PVC materialsn Reusable demountable panel systemsn Recycled content (the higher the better)n Drywall that does not contain fibreglass reinforcement.

Specifications from Other Agencies and Seals of ApprovalEnvironmental Choice program guideline ECP-66

(details at www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-66.pdf)



5.4.2 Demountable (full wall)Partitions

An Overview

Demountable partitions are fully or partially prefabricated gypsum board based units whoseprimary functions are to restrict vision, sound and passage. These walls are 100 per centreusable. No material is sent to landfill sites as a result of office reconfigurations. The mostenvironmentally sound products feature:n Materials that are 100 per cent reusablen An electrostatic powder coating system that collects and recycles over 95 per cent of paint

overspray and contains no solvents, eliminating emission of dangerous air-borne particlesn Excess fabric that is recycled as automobile insulationn Scrap gypsum that is recycled and reusedn Panels shipped unboxed eliminating additional waste.


n End- of- use markets or deconstruction still to be proven.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in demountable partition tile specifications to addressdesirability of:n Recycled steel framingn A fibre core made of recycled paper productsn Paint applied by an electrostatic powder coating processn Longevity.



Case Study: Eco-Labels Appearing on Furniture

If you build it, they will buy. At least that’s what Vancouver-based Ornamentum Furniturehopes with their new line of eco-labelled tables and cabinets now available at BonaparteDesigns in Yaletown. Ornamentum buys its wood from two small-scale logging operations anda small sawmill that were recently certified by the Silva Forest Foundation. Silva certification,which recognizes sustainable logging practices, is viewed as one of the strictest certificationsamongst a confusing number of certifications now underway in B.C.

Herb Hammond, founder of the Silva Forest Foundation,highlights the critical role consumers play in supportingenvironmental initiatives. “We are ushering in a new era offorestry, one where consumers can now have a choice inpurchasing products that come from intact forests or purchasingproducts that come from clear-cuts and tree farms.”

Source: Vancouver Sun, March 30, 2000

Ornamentum Furniture


Purchasing Guide


5.5 Office Equipment and Related Services

Office equipment consists of all the “hard”materials that make an office function. Theitems in this category focus on printing andprinting services, and production of

photocopies and facsimiles. In addition, asnoted in the case study at the end of thesection, much of this information can applyto computers.

5.5.1 Photocopiers and FacsimileMachines

An OverviewPhotocopiers and facsimile (fax) machines are widely used in both traditional office and homeworkplaces. They are an integral part of many offices.

The variety of models on the market that perform “multifunction” tasks -- from acting as aphotocopier, an answering machine, a fax machine, a computer printer or a computer scanner -- hasmade it possible for units to appear in the smallest of “home offices.”

With improvements to the environmental friendliness of this category of product there should bereduction in waste-to-disposal, a reduction of chemical emissions and conservation of energy.

Potential Environmental Impactsn Consume both significant quantities of energy and paper.n Release emissions in the form of noise and chemical substances such as ozone.

Things to Consider If You Write Your Own SpecificationsThis is an opportunity to add clauses in photocopier specifications to address:n Preference for units that carry the EcoLogon Preference for multifunction units that reduce the need for additional machines to perform

office tasksn Preference for machines that use standard papern Preference for photocopiers that make two sided copies.


(details at.www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-46.pdf)Environmental Choice program guideline ECP-71

(details at www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-71.pdf)

Case Study: Computers for Schools

Old computers are finding new lives thanks to the Canadian Computers forSchools (CFS) Program. CFS channels eligible, surplus computer equipmentand software from governments and businesses to schools and libraries. Sincemajor sponsors Industry Canada and the Telephone Pioneers began theprogram in 1993, over 193,563 computers have been tested, refurbished anddelivered to recipients free of cost. In British Columbia, BC Tel pioneers havelogged countless volunteer hours testing and refurbishing over 16,000 of thosecomputers for donation to BC schools.

This largely volunteer program has a lofty goal: to place a quarter of a millioncomputers in schools and public libraries by March 31, 2001. For moreinformation check the program’s provincial web site at www.scbc.org/cfs.

Computers for Schools



5.5.2 Printing Cartridges(including remanufacturedprinting cartridges)

An Overview

Printing cartridges are widely used in photocopy and facsimile equipment, as well as in laserprinters. Statistics indicate that in Canada over one million cartridges are disposed of annually.Most are not reused.

Cartridges are often thrown away once the toner inside the cartridge is used up or the “tonerwaste sump” is filled. This typically occurs after several thousand copies have been made,depending on the make and model of the printing cartridge.

Single use cartridges contain many components that are in perfect condition at the end of theexpected life of the cartridge. The practice of re-manufacturing printing cartridges involvesdisassembling the unit, inspecting and cleaning components replacing or refurbishing the unit’sorganic photoreceptor cell and replacing the supply of toner.


n End-of-use disposal problems.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in photocopier specifications to address:

n Preference for units that carry the EcoLogon Preference for remanufactured print cartridges.



Case Study: Recycling Toner Cartridges

A decade ago few people thought twice aboutthrowing a spent toner cartridge in the garbage andbuying a brand-new replacement. Times havechanged, and the GVRD’s approach to replacing tonercartridges is an excellent example of how. In 1998 and1999 the GVRD sent a total of 404 spent tonercartridges for recycling and purchased 760remanufactured cartridges. In the past 4 years theGVRD has received $10,250 in rebates from tonercartridge recycling and has applied these funds toother recycling projects.

GVRD Staff Representative


Purchasing Guide


5.5.3 Printing Inks

An Overview

Printing inks, used to produce an image on a “substrate” (usually a paper), are generally madeof 3 components: pigments, “the vehicle” (the carrier and binding agent) and additives.

Pigment is the solid coloring that we see. The “vehicle” is the largest component of ink andacts as a carrier medium for the pigment as well as a binder to fix the pigment to the“substrate”. Additives modify the performance of ink and include materials such as dryers,waxes, lubricants, reducing oils and solvents, binding varnish antioxidants and resins.


n The manufacture, use, and disposal of printing inks which contain heavy metals,petroleum distillates and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).


This is an opportunity to add clauses in ink specifications to address.

n Preference for units that carry the EcoLogo.n Preference for inks with lower levels of heavy metals and petroleum distillates.





5.6 Office Supplies

Office supplies consists of all the “soft”materials that make an office function. Theitems in this category focus on the feedstockfor office equipment.

5.6.1 Batteries

An Overview

In Canada, performance standards for batteries are published by the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission.

Traditionally, batteries contained a high degree of mercury, a highly toxic metal. Mercury’stoxicity to the environment increases when converted by microorganisms under anaerobicconditions to organomercury compounds. It is known to concentrate in organisms and magnifyin food chains.

Mercury previously sold in batteries is still found in municipal waste streams and has beenestimated to account for 35% of the total release of mercury into the environment in Canada.


n Batteries may pose a threat to the environment during their production and disposalbecause of certain toxic substances. The major substance of concern has traditionally beenmercury.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in battery specifications to address:

n Preference for batteries that carry the EcoLogon Preference for rechargeable batteriesn Preference for distribution and end-of use disposal by the same contractor.




Purchasing Guide


5.6.2 Envelopes

An Overview

Over 10 billion envelopes are produced in Canada each year.

The manufacturing process for envelopes involves production of the paper used as the mainraw material, the printing processes and the chemical components of inks, adhesives and othermaterials used in the process. The manufacturing process has an impact on the recyclability ofenvelopes.


Unnecessary end of use disposal of varying grades of paper.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in envelope specifications to address:

n Preference for products that carry the EcoLogon Preference for products with stipulated levels of pre and post consumer waste recyclingn Preference for unbleached paper.





5.6.3 Printing and Writing Papers(and uncoated mechanicalprinting paper)

An OverviewFor both product categories: “Printing and writing paper” and “Uncoated Mechanical printingpaper” the Environmental Choice Program has set out a guideline developed using a multi-parameter approach.

The guideline does NOT specify a minimum content of recycled material. That parameter hasbeen incorporated into the calculation of resource consumption and waste production.(Performance in this area improves as the amount of recycled material increases.)

This method identifies the most important environmental stressors from all stages of theproduct life. The environmental requirements identifying pulp and paper aim to lowerenvironmental impacts through:

n Reduction in air emissionsn Reduction in water emissionsn Reduction of wasten Efficient use of fibre and recycled fibren Reduction of energy use.

Potential Environmental Impactsn Production of all types of paper in pulp and paper mills consumes significant quantities of

energy and resources.n Waterborne and airborne emissions to the environment.n Process generates significant waste.

Things to Consider If You Write Your Own SpecificationsThis is an opportunity to add clauses in paper specifications to address:

n Preference for products that carry the EcoLogon Preference for products with stipulated levels of pre and post consumer waste recycling.


(details at.www.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-77.pdf)Environmental Choice program guideline ECP-78

(details at ww.environmentalchoice.com/guidelines/pdfs/ecp-78.pdf)

Case Study: Eco-Certified Paper MillFletcher Challenge Canada’s Elk Falls paper mill is the first major mill in Canada to receive aneco-certification supported by environmental groups such as Greenpeace and the Sierra Club.The mill, located on Vancouver Island, received chain-of-custody certification that meetsForest Stewardship Council standards.

John Cathro, chair of the FCS committee, says the push for certification is being driven byconsumer demand. “These companies are being told by buyer groups or by their clients thatconsumers are demanding certified products.”

At the moment several small operations in B.C. are certified but they can not provide enoughfibre to meet Fletcher’s paper demands. The onus is now on larger forest companies to makechanges to their practices to ensure an adequate supply of FCS certified fibre.


Purchasing Guide


5.6.4 Miscellaneous Recycled PaperProducts

An Overview

Waste paper such as old newspaper (ONP), printing and writing paper (OP), old corrugatedcontainers (OCC) and other packaging (MP) contributes about 35% by weight to the municipalwaste stream.

As recently as 1990, markets of an appreciable size had not been developed for recycling ofpaper other than ONP. Not all of the waste paper was recoverable because of limitations suchas paper contamination. Now markets for and products made from recycled paper exist.

The occasion now arises to purchase products like boxes, packaging and trays and forms madefrom recycled paper products.


n Unnecessary end of use disposal of varying grades of paper.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in paper specifications to address:

n Preference for products that carry the EcoLogon Preference for products with stipulated levels of pre and post consumer waste recycling.





5.7 Lighting and Lighting Systems5.7.1 Lights

An Overview

With the use of energy efficient lighting products, such as fluorescent lamps and energy efficientballasts, electric lighting costs can be reduced by as much as 60%. Newer lamps and ballasts are moreenergy efficient, generate less heat than older models and last longer. Savings are also incurred in lowerlabour costs for maintenance as well as lower air conditioning costs for removal of lamp and ballast-generated heat.

Newer developments include these and other features:n Electronic ballasts contain no PCBs, but disposal of old PCB ballasts is a concernn Instant start ballasts consume less energy than rapid start ballasts. Soft start technology gives the

tubes a longer lifespann Electronic ballasts consume substantially less energy when operating at very high frequencies, they

hum less and do not flickern Used in combination with T8 lamps, electronic ballasts consume 36 per cent less energy than

conventional ballasts with T12 lampsn T8 lamps use 20 per cent less energy to provide the same amount of light as conventional

fluorescents. They also offer better colour renderingn Parabolic louvers control glare while maintaining a level of light efficiency that exceeds IES and

ASHRAE standards.


n Higher energy costs with inefficient lighting fixtures or inefficient lighting design.n End of use disposal problems.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in lighting specifications to address desirability of:n Use energy efficient lighting systems wherever possible, i.e. low wattage, reflective fluorescentn Ballasts not containing PCBsn Office design to optimize natural light as well as efficient placement of lighting systemsn Task lighting to minimize need for overhead lighting. Use of T-8 lamps, compact fluorescents are

preferred.



Case Study: Energy Efficient Lighting

The lighting in Richmond’s Thompson Community Centre main gym left much to be desired. The HID(high intensity discharge) lighting system was expensive, could not be instantly switched on and off tosave electricity and did not provide the desired illumination.

BC Hydro reviewed the existing lighting and made recommendations for a re-design that meets the Cityof Richmond's primary objectives of reducing energy costs, increasing illumination and providingincreased flexibility to switch off lights when not in use.

The new lighting system, installed in Spring 2000, uses compact fluorescent sources in high-bayluminaries. This solution combines the benefits of smaller point sources with the flexibility of switchingcontrol. This energy efficient approach is expected to provide approximately $13,000 in energy savingsannually and a two year pay-back on investment from the operating cost savings.Source: BC Hydro.


Purchasing Guide


5.8 Construction, Renovation, Demolition

5.8.1 Construction and DemolitionWaste

An OverviewMoving, renovating, and demolishing facilities can generate significant waste. Construction anddemolition waste accounts for up to 25% of the waste stream. Reorganizations in offices and facilitiesboth add to the challenge and open new opportunities to apply sound environmental practices. Thesepractices can lead to improved energy efficiency and workplace and public facility standards.

For the “renovation component” of any required work you may also refer to section 5.1.1 through 5.1.8to consider replacement materials.

Potential Environmental Impactsn Poor waste management practices throughout any construction, renovation or demolition project

will add to disposal volumes and their impacts on the environment.

Things to Consider If You Write Your Own SpecificationsContractors should be required to submit a Waste Management Plan with their quotations. The planshould include:

n Procedures for educating workers and subcontractors in order to ensure adherence to the WasteManagement Plan

n Methods for reducing waste such as ordering material only as required, using up excess material onsite where possible, or prefabricating sections off site

n The percentage of recycled content in construction materialsn Methods and techniques for collecting, separating, and recycling waste materials and packaging,

including a list of materials to be recycled and percentage expected to be recycled or sent tolandfills

n Provisions for dealing with hazardous waste, including procedures for handling, clean-up anddisposal

n A list of carriers and disposal destinations for each material to be disposed of or recycled. The listshould be provided initially or at least before the final payment is made. This will ensure that allmaterials are being recycled and waste is legally disposed of

n Alternative options for recovering higher percentages of materials and related costsn The cost associated with the recovery of the material and the anticipated revenues from the sale of

such material.

Specifications from Other Agencies and Seals of ApprovalSample specifications from other agencies are outlined in the pages following immediately and inAppendix C - GVRD Project Waste Management Master Specification.

Case Study: Energy Efficient City Hall

Thanks to innovative design and attention to environmentaldetails, the new Richmond City Hall will be 25 per cent moreenergy efficient than a standard office building. From energyefficient boilers to a system that automatically shuts off airconditioning when windows are opened, City Hall is a model forenergy conservation. In fact, the City has been awarded federalfunds in recognition of the building’s energy efficiencies.

Richmond City Hall



An example from King County Washingtonhighlights some typical specifications:

King County Regional Justice CenterProject Overview

This project involved the development ofa new regional justice center, includingcourthouse and detention facilities. Theproject manager required that materials berecycled on the project site and used inplace of new material.

The project used recycled concreteaggregate from the demolition forbackfill, general fill, pipe bedding and asaggregate base course for pavementconstruction in new construction.

The Regional Justice Center project teamwas able to recycle ninety-five percent ofthe demolition-debris generated duringthe demolition phase of the project andsaved almost $250,000. Most of theconcrete and asphalt, 31,840 tons, wascrushed and used as fill-material on theproject site. A local recycler accepted1,518 tons of concrete rubble, 791 tons ofsteel and 918 tons of waste-wood, ; and750 tons of lumber was salvaged. Only1706 tons of the material generated wasnot able to be recycled.

The paragraphs below are edited fromcontract documents related to this project.

City Hall -New Construction

Case Study: Construction wastemanagement at Richmond CityHall.

When City of Richmond staff prepared theconstruction documents for the new CityHall, they began a process that would notonly see significant volumes of wasterecycled but would result in scores ofcontractors being introduced to value ofconstruction waste recycling. Richmondused the GVRD Project WasteManagement Master Specifications to setout standards for recycling and wastemanagement on the construction site.

During construction, wood waste, scrapmetal, drywall and cardboard weretargeted for recycling. Weekly sitemeetings were used to educate and informcontractors about the recycling program.A site safety officer wass responsible fortalking to contractors, keeping recyclingbins clear of contamination, and ensuringthe program ran smoothly.

Urban Wood Waste Recyclers of southVancouver accepted and sorted the co-mingled bins of materials. Wood wastewas processed into hogfuel and taken toCanadian Forest Products where it wasused to make value-added products suchas hardboard paneling and hydro-seedingmulch. Cardboard went to CrownPackaging for recycling into newcardboard products. Scrap metal was sentto Richmond Steel, ABC Recycling andothers for recycling.

Calculations suggestthat 81% of totalwaste material wasdiverted to recycling.Source: GVRDConstruction andDemolitionRecyclingDocument.


Purchasing Guide


Summary of Work

Ownership and Disposal of Materials

n The County wants to recycle as muchmaterial as possible duringdemolition and the demolitionschedule has been planned tomaximize the amount of recycling,reuse, and salvage that can beachieved during demolition.

Base Contract Work

n Demolish building and foundations.Crush and stockpile concrete rubbleand dispose of all re-bar.

n Do not mix asphalt with concrete instockpile.

n Remove drives, parking areas, walksand pads. Segregate differentmaterial types (concrete and asphalt),load, haul, crush, consolidate andstockpile material on site.

n Backfill pits, holes and excavationswith clean recycled crushed concrete.Backfill to surrounding grades.

n Recycled crushed materials ofdiffering material types are not to bemixed. Segregate concrete andasphalt stockpiles. Concrete whichhas been overlaid with asphalt shallbe kept separate from otherstockpiles.

Requirements

n The County requires the Contractorto recycle, reuse, and salvage asmuch material as possible. Thedemolition schedule was planned toallow for selective removal andsorting of materials.

n The County requires the Contractorto submit a waste handling plandetailing how the waste streams willbe separated and managed.

n The Contractor is responsible forremoving and reusing, recycling, orsalvaging all other materialsassociated with the demolition of thebuildings, pavement, vegetation,utilities, and any other siteimprovements.

Recycled Crushed Materials

General

n Concrete including concrete andcement shall be crushed on site.Crushed concrete shall be stockpiledseparately on-site. Crushed concreteshall be used as backfill as specifiedin Section 02200, Earthwork.

n Asphalt and Concrete Asphaltmixtures shall be crushed on site. Noasphalt or combination of asphaltproducts shall be used as fill by theDemolition Contractor.

n Crushed asphalt shall not be mixedwith crushed concrete.

Description of Work

This section pertains to work involvingrecycled crushed concrete, crushedasphalt, and crushed concrete/asphaltmaterials produced on site duringdemolition operations. Potential sourcesof recycled crushed materials on siteinclude (but are not limited to) existingfoundations, floor slabs, reinforcedconcrete walls, and pavements. Mixedcrushed recycled concrete/asphalt mayoccur as a result of demolishing concreteslab areas overlain by asphalt surfacing.All reinforcing steel shall be removedfrom concrete elements prior to crushing,and exported from the site.



Recycled crushed concrete may be usedon site as backfill in the parking garageover excavation zone identified on theproject plans, or as general backfill to filldepressions produced during demolitionor within low areas. Recycled crushedconcrete will also be stockpiled on site foruse during future site work, as backfill infuture footing over excavation zones, asgeneral fill, pipe-bedding or backfill, andas aggregate base course for pavementconstruction. Recycled crushed asphalt ormixed asphalt/concrete will be stockpiledon site for use during future site work, asgeneral fill or aggregate base beneathpaved areas. Brick, masonry, and CMUelements will be demolished as part ofthis contract. These materials will not bereused on site, but should be demolishedand exported from the site.

Description of Site Conditions

n Reuse, recycle and salvage as muchmaterial as possible.

n Stockpile the various types ofcrushed recycled materials inseparate, secure areas as directed bythe County.

n Do not mix recycled materials withsoil, and do not mix crushed recycledconcrete with asphalt.

Products

n Crushed Recycled Concrete

Crushed recycled concretematerials shall conform to thefollowing gradation specification:

Sieve Size Percent Passing byU.S. Standard Dry Weight

1 – ½ inch 100¾ inch 40-75¼ inch 25-50No. 40 5-20No. 200 10 max.

Recycled concrete materials usedor stockpiled on site shall beuniform in quality and free fromwood, steel, roots, bark or otherextraneous material. In addition,the recycled concrete materialsshall meet the followingrequirements:

Los Angeles Abrasion, 500 rev.— 35% max Sand Equivalent —30 min.

n Crushed Recycled Asphalt Pavement

Existing asphalt concretepavement on site shall bepulverized by a method that limitsdamage or dislodging of thematerial below the pavement. Thepulverized material shall conformto the following gradation:

Sieve Size Percent Passing byU.S. Standard Dry Weight

1 – ½ inch 100¾ inch 40 min.

Acceptance of the gradation willbe based on visual inspection bythe County's Representative.

n Mixed Crushed Concrete/Asphalt

Any mixed crushed concrete/asphalt shallconform to the gradation specified above.


Purchasing Guide


Execution

n The Contractor shall crush, haul andstockpile the crushed Materials to astockpile area on site designated byKing County, and crushed recycledmaterials shall not be placed higherthan Elevation 33 within the parkinggarage excavation, as shown on theproject plans.

n Where used as backfill in the parkinggarage over excavation zones, therecycled concrete shall be placed onproperly prepared subgrade. Wherevery soft, wet subgrade conditionsare encountered, use a geotextileseparator between subgrade soils andthe recycled concrete. Evaluation ofconditions requiring use of ageotextile separator, and monitoringof geotextile placement, shall beperformed in the field by County'sRepresentative.

n Where placed as compacted fill,recycled concrete materials shall bemoisture conditioned to within 3percent of the optimum moisturecontent, placed in horizontal lifts lessthan 8 inches in loose thickness, andcompacted to at least 95 percentmaximum dry density, determinedusing ASTM D 1557. Where used asgeneral backfill in areas to bereloaded, the recycled concrete shallbe compacted to at least 90 percentmaximum dry density, and using thesame criteria.

Quality Control

n The Contractor is responsible for thequality of the work and forcomplying with the specifications.Testing will be conducted by County.

n The following laboratory tests willbe performed on the recycledconcrete:

L.A. Abrasion Testing fordetermination of aggregatedurability, using ASTM C 131.Sand Equivalent Testing, usingASTM C 2419.Sieve analysis for acceptance ofaggregate gradation, using ASTMD 422.

Other tests may be performed asnecessary based on field conditions, toverify the suitability of the crushedrecycled materials for the intendedpurpose.

Measurement and Payment

n Crushing, placement, and stockpilingof crushed recycled materials shallbe measured by lump sum as part ofthe base bid.

n Crushed recycled materials that dono meet gradation or other criteriaspecified herein shall be removedfrom the site and disposed of at theContractor's expense.

n Unauthorized excavation consists ofremoval of materials beyondindicated subgrade elevations ordimensions, or beyond that levelrequired for normal clearing andgrubbing operations or removal ofstructural elements, without specificdirection of King County.Unauthorized excavations withinfooting over excavation zones shallbe backfilled in accordance withthese specifications, at theContractor's expense. Anyunauthorized excavations in otherareas of the site shall be backfilled asdirected by the Countyrepresentative.



n Any additional testing required dueto recycled crushed materials failinglaboratory or field density testspecifications shall be at theContractor's expense. In addition,testing related to backfilling ofunauthorized excavations shall be atthe Contractor's expense.

n No payment will be made formaterials which have become mixedwith other material or misplaced bythe Contractor's action, or lack ofaction. Crushed recycled materialwhich is contaminated by theContractor by spills or mixing withother site soils, or by any othermeans, shall be tested, removed, anddisposed of by the Contractor at theContractor's expense.

Supplemental Backfilling

n The Contractor shall backfill theportion of the excavation above thelean concrete using recycled crushedconcrete and/or structural fill, inaccordance with applicable sectionsof the specifications.

See also the GVRD Project WasteManagement Master Specification,Appendix C.

Case Study: Deconstruction, notdemolition.

When the University of BritishColumbia decided to raze the wood-framed “Pan-Hellenic House” to makeway for a new building, projectspecifications stated that the buildingwas to be deconstructed, notdemolished. Bidders were asked tosubmit material reuse and recyclingtargets along with their pricing.

The successful bidder, Litchfield & Co.Ltd., deconstructed the building usingprimarily manual labour. The interiorwas stripped of salvageable items (e.g.cedar siding, dimensional lumber,electrical and bathroom fixtures) andrecyclable materials (e.g. drywall, woodwaste, scrap metal and stucco). In total94% of demolition material wassalvaged or recycled and only 6%landfilled.

Of the total recovered materials, 17 %was salvaged and 77% was taken tolocal scrap metal, concrete, wood anddrywall recycling facilities. Glulambeams and tongue-and-groove deckingsalvaged from the “Pan-Hellenic House”were used on site in the construction ofthe new Liu Centre for the Study ofGlobal Issues.

Source: Demolition and Salvage Facts,GVRD.

Pan-Hellenic House at UBC


Purchasing Guide


5.9 Parks, Recreation Amenities andLandscaping

Thus far in this chapter we have looked atthe inside of facilities in terms of buildingmaintenance, the inside of offices in termsof hard and soft equipment, vehicles andmaintenance and major site works involving

renovation and demolition. There is anothercategory of purchasing that relates primarilyto open spaces; that is parks and recreationamenities and landscaping.

5.9.1 Organic Turf Management

An Overview

Organic turf management is described as being a process that weans turf off of chemicalmanagement replacing traditional chemicals and compounds with natural additives. Thedesired result is a process that has the least impact on the environment, a managed product thatis non-toxic and a waste disposal system that is not harmful to the environment.

Organic turf management can represent any number of services, from maintenance to disposalof wastes arising from the maintenance. Currently the Environmental Choice Program is in themidst of a panel review process to determine the final criterion for requirements of products tocarry the Ecologo.


n Unnecessary impact on the environment in the form of additional chemicals in the turf, itscuttings, and runoff from the turf.


At this time it is recommended that:

n Organic turf management systems meet or exceed all applicable governmental andindustrial safety and performance standards and that all steps of the process meet allapplicable laws

n The process follow the methodology outlined in “1994 Standards for certification ofOrganic Lawn Care Professionals in the Northeastern United States (EcologicalLandscaping Association) or equivalent internal protocol

n Turf management systems include the use of (for example):

n Synthetically compounded growth promotersn Synthetically compounded pesticidesn Petroleum distillate herbicidesn Synthetic fumigantsn Synthetic growth regulatorsn All natural poisons such as arsenic and lead salts.


Environmental Choice program Panel Review Committee PRC-003 (guideline pending)



5.9.2 Recycled Rubber

An Overview

Used tires become raw material for the manufacture of an increasing number of products.Applications for shredded, ground, or chipped tires include rubber mats, playground surfaces,and "soaker" hoses. Tire rubber that has been sliced is fabricated into entry mats, loading-dockbumpers, and other products. Shredded tires have been used with limited success as alightweight fill material in construction applications.

Reduction, reuse and recycling are estimated to potentially divert one third of the scrap tirestream and reduce environmental liability, as there are particular concerns regarding thedifficult end-of-use disposal of tires. The recycling option has created a market for consumerproducts that are made from shredded tires, processed rubber crumb and rubber/plasticmixtures.

The Environmental Choice Program has developed some very specific guidelines regardingrecycled rubber content of various sub categories including these that can be applied to Parksand Recreation amenities:

n Agricultural and horticultural supplies (garden hoses, soaker hoses, tubing)n Containers (composting units, garbage containers)n Sporting goods (sports mats, running tracks).


n Long term liability of difficult end-of–use disposal including stockpiling, fires, and vectorcontrol.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in particular application specifications to addressdesirability of:

n Preference for products that carry the EcoLogon Preference for products with stipulated levels of pre and post consumer waste recycling

For example:

n 65% recycled rubber by weight as a portion of total rubber compound (agricultural andhorticultural supplies)

n 70% recycled rubber by weight, as a proportion of total content of rubber compound(containers)

n 100% recycled rubber by weight, as a proportion of total content of rubber compound(sporting goods).




Purchasing Guide


5.10 Special Programs

5.10.1 Backyard Compost Bins

An Overview

Domestic composting is an effective and economical means of producing valuable soilamendments. Composting helps reduce organic wastes going to disposal.


n Vector control problems associated with inappropriately managed organic waste.


This is an opportunity to add clauses in composter specifications to address desirability of:

n Preference for products that carry the EcoLogo otherwisen Preference for products that adhere to the policies and targets as stated in the National

Packaging Protocoln Preference for products that adhere to particular specifications as outlined in Section 4.1

of ECP-15 (recommended to use exact wording).



Case Study: Plan for Sustainable Community in Vancouver

The City of Vancouver’s plan to develop a 36-hectare parcel of former industrial land inSoutheast False Creek is already drawing international attention. The City intends to build asustainable community of 2,000 - 2,500 housing units where people can shop, play, live andwork without having to commute by car. Wastewater may be treated on site and Vancouverwill partner with BC Hydro to explore renewable-energy technology. In March 2000 Citycouncillors gave approval to begin work on the Official Development Plan for the area.

Source: Vancouver Sun, March 16, 2000.

Chapter 6 – Sample Specifications EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide


Sample Specifications

Three Steps to GatheringYour ResourcesWith the background material from Chapter5 at hand, writing your own customspecifications or simply using “seals ofapproval” on purchases should be mucheasier.

Step 1The first decision to be made is whether touse “seals of approval” as the sole criterionfor evaluation. Think of the consequences.With “seals of approval” like the EcoLogoyou have the resources of a bigenvironmental organization backing you up.You essentially have a “short list” ofsuppliers to work from for selection.

If a prospective suppliers product doesn’tcarry a seal of approval that you have calledfor it is disqualified from evaluation.

Step 2So you think using a “seal of approval”limits the field of choice too much? Ormaybe you think a seal of approval isn’t“tight enough” for your specific purpose?

In that case it is time to add clauses to yourspecifications by drawing on the informationin the sections “Things to consider if you arewriting your own specifications”:

n Pick and choose from those suggestionsand add your own

n Preface these specifications with thestatement: “Preference will be given tobidders whose product …”

n Remember, you can still use applicable“drop in” language like that providedfor some products by Green Seal

n Remember also to excerpt additionaldefinitions from Environmental ChoiceProgram (EPC) if you are not actuallyspecifying a preference for EcoLogoproducts.

Make sure that you aren’t falling into thetrap of specifying “one product” or using aparticular suppliers’ product as “thestandard”. You’ll be called to question fasterthan you can imagine.

Remember:

n Be precisen Be fair.

Step 3Wrap up your specifications. Use apreamble that sets forth your intent. Youmight use the specification languagepresented in the example below.

King County, Washington kindly donatedthe following example, with an invitation touse it appearing on their Green Procurementweb site.(details at www.metrokc.gov/procure/green)

Environmental Purchasing Policy -General(Provides general encouragement ofrecycled products in all contracts.)

It is the policy of ___________ to userecycled and environmentally preferablematerials whenever practicable. Biddersable to supply products containingrecycled materials (especially post-consumer recycled materials) which meetperformance requirements are encouragedto offer them in bids and proposals.

Environmental Chapter 6 – Sample Specifications

Purchasing Guide


Recycled Products for Trial Uses(Proposes language to establish trialsupply contract.)

It is the policy of _____________ toincrease the use of products manufacturedwith recycled material, especially post-consumer recycled material, wheneverpracticable. The purpose of this bid is toestablish (a contract/multiple contracts) tofurnish ___________ (name ofagency)_________ with recycled____________ for testing and evaluation.

For each ___(recycled product)____offered, bidder shall furnish descriptiveinformation, performance data,recommended applications, or othermaterial that will help the potential user toidentify opportunities for the use of theproduct. All such information will beforwarded to potential users forevaluation. The actual quantities that willbe purchased by ___________ are notknown. Purchases are more likely wherethe information supplied with the bidclearly indicates that its use willreasonably meet the needs of__________.

Bidder shall indicate the source offeedstocks used for the manufacture of theproduct (for example, 100% Post-Consumer High Density Polyethylenefrom Recycled Milk Containers).

Bidder shall furnish pricing at price-breakquantities.

Recycled Product Award Criteria forDesign Contracts(Proposes requirement for designcontracts.)

It is the policy of (City, policy citation) touse recycled materials wheneverpracticable. In evaluation of bids for thiscontract, (City) shall consider the extentto which the designer proposes to userecycled products and materials. Biddersare encouraged to propose demonstrationand trial uses that will further promote theuse of recycled products.

Recycled Product Award Criteria forConstruction Contracts(Proposes requirement for constructioncontracts.)

It is the policy of _______(name ofagency)________(name ofpolicy)_________ to use recycledmaterials whenever practicable. Biddersare encouraged to use recycled productsand materials whenever they will meetfunctional requirements and to proposedemonstration and trial uses that willfurther promote and develop their use. Inevaluation of bids for this contract,__________(name of agency)________shall consider the extent to which thecontractor proposes to use recycledproducts and materials.

Additional ResourcesChapter 5 attempted to draw attention tospecific web pages (generally containing.pdf image files) that feature definitions andproduct specifications.

In a perfect world the reader has access to acomputer “on the spot”. But it isn’t a perfectworld so the following ECP guidelines areappended to allow familiarization with thelanguage and the format of these markerspecifications.



Directly following these markerspecifications are examples of “write yourown” specifications following the 3 stepsoutlined at the beginning of this chapter.

Sample Specifications for Paint:

ECP Guideline for Paint – MarkerSpecification

Specifications for Paint and OtherSurface Coatings

(Excerpt from Terra Choice #ECP-76)

This category includes all surfacecoatings as further defined in the sub-categories in this section. The sub-categories are:

n Paintsn Stainsn Varnish.

Note: Other sub-categories may be addedat a later date. Criteria for thecertification of Recycled Water-borneSurface Coatings, are available in ECP-67.

General Requirements

To be authorized to carry the EcoLogo thesurface coatings must:

n Meet or exceed all applicablegovernmental and/or industrial safetyand performance standards.

Note: In Canada, standards for surfacecoatings are published by the CanadianGeneral Standards Board (CGSB) and theBureau de normalisation du Quebec(BNQ). Acceptable test methods areavailable from ASTM and CGSB.

n Be manufactured and transported insuch a manner that all steps of theprocess, including the disposal ofwaste products arising therefrom,will meet the requirements of allapplicable governmental acts, bylaws and regulations including, forfacilities located in Canada, theFisheries Act and the CanadianEnvironmental Protection Act(CEPA).

Notice

In order to minimize the solid wasteburden, conserve resources, and reducequantities and impacts of toxic substancesand other pollutants associated withpackaging, the Environmental ChoiceProgram requires the submission of anattestation of commitment to theobjectives of the National PackagingProtocol.

Any reference to a standard means to thelatest edition of that standard.

The Environmental Choice Programreserves the right to accept equivalent testdata for the test methods specified in thisguideline.

Notice of Intent

It is the intent of the EnvironmentalChoice Program to reduce the allowablelevel of VOCs in certified products from200 g/L to 150 g/L at the next three yearrevision, January 1, 2001. Reductions forvarnishes will be considered at that time.


Purchasing Guide


Product Specific Requirements

To be authorized to carry the EcoLogo thesurface coating must:

n Not be formulated or manufacturedwith aromatic solvents

n Not be formulated or manufacturedwith formaldehyde

n Not be formulated or manufacturedwith halogenated solvents

n Not be formulated or manufacturedwith mercury, lead, cadmium,hexavelant chromium and theircompounds

n Have a flash point of 61.0o C orgreater

n Be made by a process that does notrelease matter in the undilutedproduction plant effluent generatinga BOD5 in excess of 15 mg/L to anatural watercourse or a sewagetreatment facility lacking secondarytreatment

n Be made by a process that does notrelease TSS in the undilutedproduction plant effluent in excess of15 mg/L to a natural watercourse or asewage treatment facility lackingsecondary treatment

n Be accompanied by informationdescribing proper disposal methods.

To be authorized to carry the EcoLogo thesurface coating must meet the criteriaspecific to its sub-category.

Paints and stains must not contain VOCsin excess of 200 g/L as determined byASTM test method D3960 StandardPractice for Determining VolatileOrganic Compound (VOC) Content ofPaints and Related Coatings.

Varnishes must not contain VOCs inexcess of 300 g/L.

The calculation of as stated above shall:

n Exclude water;n Exclude tinting colorant added at the

point of sale, where applicable.

Compliance with Section 3(b) shall beattested to by a signed statement of theChief Executive Officer or the equivalentofficer of the manufacturer. TheEnvironmental Choice Program shall beadvised in writing immediately by thelicensee of any non-compliance whichmay occur during the term of the license.On the occurrence of anynon-compliance, the license may besuspended or terminated as stipulated inthe license agreement. In the event of adispute related to the suspension ortermination of the license, the licenseagreement provides for arbitration.

Interpretation

In the guideline:

“aromatic solvent” means any organicsolvent that has a benzene ring in itsmolecular structure

“biochemical oxygen demand” or“BOD5” means the amount of dissolvedoxygen required for the biodegradation ofthe organic matter in water, when testedin accordance with the five day test setout in the Standard Methods for theExamination of Water and Waste Water,latest edition, Sub-part 5210, jointlypublished by the American Public HealthAssociation, the American Water WorksAssociation and the Water PollutionControl Federation

“consumer” means a household,commercial establishment or institutionalfacility



“flash point” means the minimumtemperature of a liquid at which thevapours given off are sufficient to form aflammable mixture with air which willignite when exposed to an open flame inaccordance with the American Society forTesting and Materials (ASTM) testmethod D93-80 (Pensky-Martens ClosedTester) or ASTM test method D3278-82(Seta)

“halogenated solvent” means anyorganic solvent containing halogensincluding fluorine, chlorine, bromine andiodine

“industrial scrap” means by-products ofan industrial process that can be, andregularly are, used in either the sameprocess, or in a different process. Suchmaterials are excluded from the standarddefinition of recycled material

“paint” means a pigmented liquid that isdesigned for application in single ormultiple layers and forms an opaque,continuous film after application. Thepurpose is for decorating and/orprotecting surfaces, as well as concealingsurface irregularities. It does not includedriveway sealers, wood preservatives oranti-fouling paints

“post-consumer material” means aproduct which has served its end-use atthe consumer level, has been discarded bythe consumer, and would, unless diverted,enter the waste stream

“pre-consumer material” meansmaterials generated by an industrialprocess that would, unless diverted, enterthe waste stream. This includes, but is notlimited to, damaged or defectivematerials, overstock or obsoleteinventories from manufacturers,distributors, and wholesalers. It does notinclude industrial scrap

“recycled material” means post-consumer material and pre-consumermaterial. It does not include industrialscrap, except that proportion of the scrapwhich originated as post-consumermaterial and pre-consumer material

“stain” means a transparent,semitransparent or opaque mixture ofcolouring matter (dyes and/or pigments)in a vehicle, designed to colour and/orprotect a surface by penetration, leavingpractically no surface film

“surface coating” means a paint, stain orvarnish used to coat architectural or otherconstructed surfaces. This productcategory does not include drivewaysealers, wood preservatives, or anti-fouling paints

“total suspended solids” or “TSS” meansany solid matter that is found to be ineffluent when tested in accordance withthe test for total suspended solids dried at103o C to 105o C set out in the StandardMethods for the Examination of Waterand Waste Water, latest edition, Sub-part2540, Sections A to E, jointly publishedby the American Public HealthAssociation, the American Water WorksAssociation and the Water PollutionControl Federation


Purchasing Guide


“varnish” means a liquid compositionthat is converted to a transparent ortranslucent, continuous film afterapplication as a thin layer. The purpose isprimarily to protect and decorate surfaces

“volatile organic compound” or “VOC”means any organic compound whichparticipants in atmospheric photochemicalreactions. It excludes those organiccompounds which the ECP designates ashaving negligible photochemicalreactivity.

“Write your own” Specification for Paint

Environmental Purchasing Policy - General

It is the policy of ___________ to userecycled and environmentally preferablematerials whenever practicable. Bidders ableto supply products containing recycledmaterials (especially post-consumerrecycled materials) which meet performancerequirements are encouraged to offer themin bids and proposals.

Paint for Trial Uses and Purchase

It is the policy of _____________ toincrease the use of products manufacturedwith recycled material, especially post-consumer recycled material, wheneverpracticable. The purpose of this request forbids is to furnish ___________ with paintfor testing, evaluation, and future purchase.

n The bidder shall furnish descriptiveinformation, performance data,recommended applications, or othermaterial that will help identifyopportunities for the use of the product.All such information will be forwardedfor evaluation.

n The actual quantities that will bepurchased by ___________are yet to bedetermined. Purchases are more likelywhere the information supplied with thebid clearly indicates that its use willreasonably meet the needs of__________.

n Bidder shall indicate the source offeedstocks used for the manufacture ofthe product.

n Bidder shall furnish pricing at price-break quantities.

Environmental Considerations for Paint

Bidders shall provide detailed environmentalinformation about their product specificallyaddressing (but not limited to) theseenvironmental concerns:

n Highest recycled contentn Low or no fumes (off-gassing) and

preferably no volatile organiccompounds (VOCs)

n Proposed product has garnered anenvironmental “seal of approval”

n Desired absence of mercury or mercurycompounds

n Desired absence of pigments of lead,cadmium, chrome VI or their oxidesthat have recycled content

n Longevity of applicationn Unused product disposal (that if not

performed properly, could lead toenvironmental problems).



Sample Specifications for Insulation:

ECP Guideline for Insulation – MarkerSpecification

Specifications for Insulation

(Terra Choice #ECP-40)

Pursuant to paragraph 8(1)(b) of theCanadian Environmental Protection Act,Environment Canada is pleased to publishthe following national guideline onthermal insulation materials under theauspices of the Environmental ChoiceM

Program.

The Environmental Choice Program isdesigned to support a continuing effort toimprove and/or maintain environmentalquality by reducing energy and materialsconsumption and by minimizing theimpacts of pollution generated by theproduction, use and disposal of goods andservices available to Canadians.

There are many thermal insulationmaterials on the market. They may bepurchased as two types: plastic foaminsulation or fibrous insulation. Morethermal insulation has been used inbuildings in recent times because ofeconomic and environmental concernssuch as global warming and excessive useof energy and non-renewable resources.

In addition to the energy conservedthrough the use of thermal insulationmaterials, encouraging the use of recycledmaterial will reduce the amount ofmaterials entering the waste stream. Itwill also reduce the total resourceconsumption through the recycling ofresources.

Encouraging the use of substances that donot deplete the ozone layer or causeglobal warming will reduce adverseimpacts on the earth’s atmosphere.

Based on a review of currently availablelife cycle information, the productcategory requirements will produce anenvironmental benefit through resourceconservation, reduction of waste enteringthe landfill and reduced globalatmospheric impacts.

Life cycle review is an ongoing process.As information and technology change,the product category requirements will bereviewed and possible amended.

Environment Canada anticipates thatmanufacturers or importers of thermalinsulation materials which conform tothis guideline will apply to theEnvironmental Choice Program forverification and subsequent authority tolabel the qualifying products with theEnvironmental Choice EcoLogoM.

Category Definition

This category includes all thermalinsulation materials as further defined inthe sub-categories in this section. Thesub-categories are:

n Board-type thermal insulationmaterials

n Loose-fill and spray-on thermalinsulation materials

n Batt-type thermal insulationmaterials.

Note: Other sub-categories may be addedat a later date.


Purchasing Guide


General Requirements

To be authorized to carry the EcoLogothermal insulation must:

n Meet or exceed all applicablegovernmental and industrial safetyand performance standards

n Be manufactured and transported insuch a manner that all steps of theprocess including the disposal ofwaste products arising therefrom,will meet the requirements of allapplicable governmental acts, bylaws and regulations including theFisheries Act and the CanadianEnvironmental Protection Act(CEPA).

Notice

In order to minimize the solid wasteburden, conserve resources, and reducequantities and impacts of toxic substancesand other pollutants associated withpackaging, the Environmental ChoiceProgram requires the submission of anattestation of commitment to theobjectives of the National PackagingProtocol.

Any reference to a standard means to thelatest edition of that standard. TheEnvironmental Choice Program reservesthe right to accept equivalent test data forthe test methods specified in thisguideline.

Product Specific Requirements

To be authorized to carry the EcoLogo thethermal insulation material must:

n Not require being labelled aspoisonous, corrosive, flammable orexplosive under the ConsumerChemical and Container Regulationsof the Hazardous Products Act

n Be accompanied by detailedinstructions for proper handling andinstallation so as to minimize healthconcerns.

To be authorized to carry the EcoLogo thethermal insulation material must meetcriteria specific to its sub-category.

Board-type thermal insulation materialsmust:

n Contain, when calculated on a 12-month rolling basis:n Over 35% recycled material by

weight of the finished product ifmade from glass fibre; or

n Over 45% recycled material byweight of the finished product ifmade from mineral composition

n If made from plastic, bemanufactured so that the total of loadpoints assessed for ozone layerimpact, global warming impact andrecycled content does not exceed five(see Appendix I)

n Comply with either:n CAN/CGSB-51.10: Mineral Fibre

Board Thermal Insulationn CAN/CGSB-51.11: Mineral Fibre

Thermal Insulation Blanketn CAN/ULC-S701: Thermal

Insulation, Polystyrene, Boardsand Pipe Covering

n CGSB-51-GP-21M: ThermalInsulation, Urethane andIsocyanurate, Unfaced

n CAN/CGSB-51.25: ThermalInsulation, Phenolic, Faced

n CAN/CGSB-51.26: ThermalInsulation, Urethane andIsocyanurate, Boards, Faced



n CAN/CGSB-51.31: ThermalInsulation, Mineral Fibre Board forAbove Roof Decks; or

Loose-fill and spray-on thermal insulationmaterials must:

n Contain, when calculated on 12-month rolling basis:n Over 75% recycled material by

weight of the finished product, ifmade from cellulose fibre

n Over 35% recycled material byweight of the finished product ifmade from glass fibre

n Over 50% recycled material byweight of the finished product, ifmade from mineral wool

n If made from plastic, bemanufactured so that the total of loadpoints assessed for ozone layerimpact, global warning impact andrecycled content does not exceed five(see Appendix I)

n Comply with either:n CAN/CGSB-51.11: Mineral Fibre

Thermal Insulation Blanketn CAN/CGSB 51.23: Spray Applied

Rigid Polyurethane Cellular PlasticThermal Insulation

n CGSB 51-GP-27M: ThermalInsulation, Polystyrene, Loose Fill

n CAN/CGSB-51.60: CelluloseFibre Loose Fill ThermalInsulation

n CAN/CGSB 92.2: Trowel orSpray Applied AcousticalMaterial; or

Batt-type thermal insulation materialsmust:

n Contain when calculated on 12-month rolling basis:n Over 35% recycled material by

weight of the finished product ifmade from glass fibre

n Over 45% recycled material byweight of the finished product ifmade from mineral composition

n Comply with:n CAN/CGSB-51.11: Mineral Fibre

Thermal Insulation Blanket.

Interpretation

In the guideline:

“batt” means a portion of a mat in theform of a rectangular piece generallybetween 1 and 3 metres in length andusually supplied flat or folded

“binder” means a material that is appliedin conjunction with a spray-on insulationmaterial to attach the fibres together andprovide adherence to the substrate

“board-type thermal insulation” meansmaterial supplied in the form of sheets,which may be unfaced, or incorporate afacing material on one or both surfaces

“cellulose thermal insulation materials”means loose fill cellulose and spray-oncellulose manufactured from some typesof paper products

“CFC” means chlorofluorocarbon

“consumer” means a household,commercial establishment or institutionalfacility

“fibrous insulation” means mineralwool, glass fibre and cellulose (wood)fibre insulation material

“glass fibre” means all glass woolproducts


Purchasing Guide


“glass fibreboard” means a board thatmust contain more glass fibre than anyother fibre

“global warming potential” (GWP)means the time-integrated change inradiative forcing due to the instantaneousrelease of 1 kilogram of a gas expressedrelative to the radiative forcing from therelease of 1 kilogram of CO2

“industrial scrap” means by-products ofan industrial process than can be, andregularly are, used in either the sameprocess, or in a different process. Suchmaterials are excluded from the standarddefinition of recycled materials

“loose fill thermal insulation” meansfibre granules, nodules, or similar formsof material designed to be installed byhand pouring or blowing by pneumaticequipment. This includes loose fillcellulose fibre, loose fill glass fibre andloose fill mineral wool

“mat” means flexible fibrous insulationsupplied in the form of a roll or a batt,which may be faced but not enclosed

“mineral wool board” means rock woolor slag wool products or a combination ofboth

“newsprint” means paper having asurface density of 40 g/m²-57 g/m²generally used in the publication ofnewspapers. It includes both post —consumer and pre-consumer materials

“ozone depleting potential” (ODP)means the ratio of calculated ozonecolumn change for each mass unit of a gasemitted into the atmosphere relative to thecalculated depletion for a mass unit of thereference gas CFC-11

“paper products” means newsprint, finepaper and clay-coated paper

“plastic foam cellular insulation” meansextruded polystyrene (XPS) board,expanded polystyrene (EPS) board,polyurethane (PU) or plyisocyanurate(PIR) board, polyurethane spray (SPUR)foam and phenolic board

“post-consumer material” means aproduct which has served its end-use atthe consumer level, has been discarded bythe consumer, and would, unless diverted,enter the waste stream

“pre-consumer material” meansmaterials generated by an industrialprocess that would, unless diverted, enterthe waste stream. This includes, but is notlimited to, damaged or defectivematerials, overstock or obsoleteinventories from manufacturers,distributors, and wholesalers. It does notinclude industrial scrap

“recycled material” means post-consumer material and pre-consumermaterial. It does not include industrialscrap, except that proportion of the scrapwhich originated as post-consumermaterial and pre-consumer material

“slag” means a pre-consumer wastematerial generated from the smeltingindustry

“spray-on thermal insulation” meansmaterial supplied in the form of fibregranules, nodules, or similar forms ofmaterial designed to be installed inconjunction with a binder material bymeans of spraying, or thermoplasticinsulation materials designed to beinstalled by means of spraying using ablowing agent.



“Write your own” Specification forInsulation

Environmental Purchasing Policy - General

It is the policy of ___________ to userecycled and environmentally preferablematerials whenever practicable. Bidders ableto supply products containing recycledmaterials (especially post-consumerrecycled materials) which meet performancerequirements are encouraged to offer themin bids and proposals.

Insulation for Trial Uses and Purchase

It is the policy of _____________ toincrease the use of products manufacturedwith recycled material, especially post-consumer recycled material, wheneverpracticable. The purpose of this request forbids is to furnish ___________ withinsulation for testing, evaluation, and futurepurchase.

n The bidder shall furnish descriptiveinformation, performance data,recommended applications, or othermaterial that will help identifyopportunities for the use of the product.All such information will be forwardedfor evaluation.

n The actual quantities that will bepurchased by ___________are yet to bedetermined. Purchases are more likelywhere the information supplied with thebid clearly indicates that its use willreasonably meet the needs of__________.

n Bidder shall indicate the source offeedstocks used for the manufacture ofthe product.

n Bidder shall furnish pricing at price-break quantities.

Environmental Considerations forInsulation

Bidders shall provide detailed environmentalinformation about their product specificallyaddressing (but not limited to) theseenvironmental concerns:

n Highest recycled contentn Energy and resource consumption in

manufacturing the productn Low or no fumes (off- gassing) and

preferably no volatile organiccompounds (VOCs)

n Minimal incorporation of ozonedepleting substances in the manufactureof the product

n Health hazards from dust and fumesduring and after insulation

n Proposed product has garnered anenvironmental “seal of approval”

n Unused product disposal ( that if notperformed properly, could lead toenvironmental problems).

Chapter 7 – Recycled Products Listing, GVRD EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide


Recycled ProductsListing, GVRD

The Greater Vancouver Regional Districthas prepared the following “RecycledProducts Listing” to promote the use of localproducts made from post-consumer recycledmaterials.

The “Recycled Products Listing” is a list ofproducts with recycled content, not a list ofitems that are recyclable. All of theproducts listed are common to both homesand businesses. The listing also includesenvironmentally responsible products andservices where appropriate.

The “Recycled Products Listing” includes auseful glossary of terms and standards,index of suppliers, and information onproducts in 10 categories:

n Automotiven Batteriesn Building materialsn Business/officen Cleaning productsn Clothingn Energy conservationn Home and gardenn Matsn Other resources.

4 th E dition

RecycledProductsListing

GreaterVancouverRegionalDistrict

February 2001

RECYCLED PRODUCTS LISTING 4th Edition

The Greater Vancouver Regional District – Policy and Planning Dept, 4330 Kingsway, 11th Floor, Burnaby, BC V5H 4G8Tel: 604 432-6375 Fax: 604 436-6811

2

TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSSUMMARY ______________________________________________________________________3

GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND STANDARDS _________________________________________4

AUTOMOTIVE___________________________________________________________________9

CARDS & GIFT WRAP ___________________________________________________________10

CLOTHING & ACCESSORIES ____________________________________________________11

HOME IMPROVEMENT _________________________________________________________13

HOME OFFICE & STATIONERY__________________________________________________20

HOUSEHOLD ITEMS ____________________________________________________________24

PET CARE ______________________________________________________________________28

YARD & GARDEN _______________________________________________________________29

CLEANING PRODUCTS__________________________________________________________32

ENERGY CONSERVATION ______________________________________________________33

OTHER RESOURCES ____________________________________________________________34

INDEX OF SUPPLIERS (ALPHABETICALLY LISTED)________________________________35

INDEX OF PRODUCTS (ALPHABETICALLY LISTED)________________________________37

Printed on recycled paper. 01/02-300



3

Summary

The Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) is pleased to present the 4th

edition of the Recycled Products Listing. The headings and the contents havebeen modified to more accurately reflect items purchased by residents; however,information relevant to municipal purchasing agents is contained in this version ofthe Recycled Products Listing.

This information is designed to promote the use of local products made from post-consumer recycled materials. By purchasing products that are made from post-consumer materials, we are establishing a market for the materials that arecollected in municipal blue box and business recycling programs and thereby“closing the loop” on the recycling process.

The Recycled Products Listing is not intended to be a list of items that arerecyclable, but rather, a list of products with recycled content. All of the productslisted are common to both homes and businesses. The listing also includesenvironmentally responsible products and services where appropriate.

All of the information was provided by businesses and manufacturers in responseto GVRD inquiries. The GVRD does not endorse or accept responsibility for theactions of the businesses or organizations contained in this listing.

In order to keep this information current and useful, the GVRD needs your help.Please pass on any additions or corrections to:

TTThhheee GGGrrreeeaaattteeerrr VVVaaannncccooouuuvvveeerrr RRReeegggiiiooonnnaaalll DDDiiissstttrrriiiccctttWWWaaasssttteee RRReeeddduuuccctttiiiooonnn aaannnddd RRReeecccyyycccllliiinnnggg

4330 Kingsway, 11th FloorBurnaby, B.C.

V5H 4G8

Tel: 604 432-6375 Fax: 604 436-6811

The Waste Reduction and RecyclingDivision of the GVRD thanks thebusinesses, organizations andindividuals who providedinformation for this listing.



4

Glossary of Terms and StandardsGlossary of Terms and StandardsGlossary of Terms and StandardsGlossary of Terms and Standards

⌦ Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB) - an existing standards body that developsspecifications, identifies products and verifies that products meet standards; these specifications donot focus on the environment per se, but on overall performance such as in the case of rejuvenatedtoner cartridges.

⌦ Degradable - used to denote the ability of a material to break down significantly in a land or watereco-system.

• Bio - the prefix denoting ability to break down biologically by means of micro-organisms• Photo - the prefix denoting ability to break down through the action of light.

Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada is concerned that a product’s claim tobeing “biodegradable” (referring to solid materials except those disposed ofthrough the sewage system) can be meaningless as the product is likely to endup in landfill sites where conditions are not conducive to degradation. Theircomment regarding this claim is that general use is prohibited unless the productwould not normally end up in landfill (additional information is required as per theuse of the term in relation to product disposed of via the sewage system). Theclaim “suitable for composting” is more meaningful for organic materials that willbreak down completely in a composter.

⌦ EcoLogo - Environmental Choice Program - initiated byEnvironment Canada to establish categories, develops specificationsand certifies products based on the specifications (products that arecertified carry the EcoLogo). This helps consumers to identifyproducts that maximize energy-efficiency, use recycled or recyclablematerials minimize use of hazardous substances. Any items in thislisting that have the EcoLogo will be identified with phrase “Certifiedby the Environmental Choice Program”.

The EcoLogo means you can be sure that these products orservices are more environmentally sound because of the way theyare produced, used or disposed of. In fact, the EcoLogo isinternationally renowned because of its tough certification process.

To obtain the EcoLogo, a product or service must be made or offered in a way that improves energyefficiency, reduces hazardous by-products, uses recycled materials, or is re-usable. Certified productsor services must also meet the same quality and performance standards. That means they must alsomeet the same quality and performance standards expected of that product or service class – regardlessof the EcoLogo status.

The detailed products specifications and Certified Products and Services list are available by contacting:

TTTeeerrrrrraaaCCChhhoooiiiccceee EEEnnnvvviiirrrooonnnmmmeeennntttaaalll SSSeeerrrvvviiiccceeesss IIInnnccc...2197 Riverside Drive, Suite 300

Ottawa, OntarioK1H 7X3

Tel: 613 247-1900 Fax: 613 247-2228E-Mail: [email protected]

Internet: http://www.TerraChoice.ca/ecologo.htm

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.terrachoice.ca/ecologo.htm

http://www.terrachoice.ca/ecologo.htm

http://www.TerraChoice.ca/ecologo.htm



5

Glossary of Terms and Standards (continued)Glossary of Terms and Standards (continued)Glossary of Terms and Standards (continued)Glossary of Terms and Standards (continued)

⌦ Environmentally Preferred Products - these products are generally defined as being less harmfulto the environment than other products with the same end use when life cycle considerations aretaken into account.

Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada is concerned that a product’s claim to being“___ friendly, friendlier” e.g., “earth friendly”; “environmentally friendly”;“environmentally friendlier”; “ozone friendly” are vague and meaningless. Theircomment regarding these claims is that they need to be accompanied by additionalinformation that provides reasons for the claimed benefit, e.g., “environmentallyfriendlier – 20% less packaging materials used than before”.

⌦ Green consumerism – ”green” is a term coined in Europe to refer to particular politics and lifestyle;green consumerism involves making consumption decisions based on environmental concerns;implies a rejection of wasteful consumption.

Consumer and Corporate Affairs is concerned that a product’s claim to be “green” isvague and meaningless. Their comment regarding this claim is that it must beaccompanied by additional information that provides reasons for the claimed benefit.

⌦ Life Cycle Analysis (or Cradle to Grave) - a process to evaluate the environmental impact of aproduct or service from the extraction of raw materials through manufacture, energy consumption,transportation, use, maintenance and final disposal.

⌦ Non Hazardous - a vague term that can mean many things. Generally, products labeled“hazardous” are hazardous to human health. The two most common references to hazardousmaterials can be found in the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) and theTransportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) Act. Caution: Only WHMIS and TDG regulate productsfor use in an industrial setting. Consumer products that can pose a safety risk are marked as being:flammable, corrosive toxic or explosive. In cases where you are required to use an industrial productthat poses a potential health risk, you have a right to be able to see a Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS). This will provide information regarding the risks of using a product and precautions to betaken to safely use, store and dispose of such products.

⌦ Non Toxic - toxicity is defined as “the inherent potential or capacity of a material to cause adverseeffects in a living organism.” References to toxicity require information relating to dose. Coffee, forexample, is toxic to humans in very large quantities, while the toxicity of arsenic depends on itschemical composition. Products that claim to be non-toxic do not contain items usually toxic tohumans in relatively small doses. Non-toxic markers, for example do not contain xylene and toluene,two substances specifically named as “hazardous” by WHMIS standards. Caution: Some productsclaiming to be non-toxic never were toxic. If a product claims to be non-toxic, one should examinesimilar products to see if they contain potentially toxic substances.



6


⌦ Ozone Friendly - the term used by industry for products no longer containing materials damaging tothe ozone layer, the most common being CFCs. Some products claiming to be ozone friendly havenever been harmful to the ozone layer.

⌦ Package/Packaging - a material or item that is used to protect, contain, or transport a commodity orproduct. A package can also be a material or item that is physically attached to a product or itscontainer for the purpose of marketing the product or communicating information about the product.

⌦ Power Smart – This is BC Hydro’s label and is licensed for use on products that contribute to energysavings and meet Power Smart criteria.

To qualify for a Power Smart endorsement, your product must meetstringent energy-efficiency and quality requirements. For each productcategory, BC Hydro researches energy consumption information andreports, then sets the Power Smart requirements to reflect substantialenergy savings. BC Hydro engineers review all products submitted forendorsement to ensure they meet or exceed these superior energy-efficiency levels. Only then does a product earn the right to carry thePower Smart label.

⌦ Procurement Policy - policy which guides the purchasing of services and materials; a mechanismwhich can be used to favor the purchase of materials which contain recycled content or areenvironmentally preferred.

STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING PROCUREMENT OF RECYCLED AND/ORENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Endorsed by the Greater Vancouver Regional District Board of DirectorsJuly 25, 1990

In recognition of the GVRD’s commitment to being an environmentally consciousorganization and in support of its leadership role in this area,BE IT RESOLVED that all departments, in conjunction with Purchasing and Supplystaff, review their contracts and tender specifications for goods and services toensure that, wherever possible and economical, such specifications are amended toprovide for expanded use of products and services that contain the maximum level ofpost-consumer waste and/or recyclable content without significantly affecting theintended use of the product or service, and that it is recognized that cost analysis isrequired in order to ensure that the products are made available at competitive prices.



7


⌦ Recyclable - made from materials that after use can be diverted from the waste stream andremanufactured into a new product or package. For the purposes of promoting a material asrecyclable, a material may be deemed recyclable where at least one third of the population acrossCanada has convenient access to collection or drop-off facilities for recycling the material, or wherethe material is produced for a regional market, that one third of the population in that market hasconvenient access to collection or drop-off facilities for recycling.

Corporate and Consumer Affairs Canada is concerned that a product’s claim of being“recyclable” (stated with words or symbols) can be vague. Their comment is that theseclaims must be accompanied with additional information, e.g., “where facilities exist”;“recyclable through Company X facilities”; etc. This claim may only be used wheresuch collection is available to at least 1/3 of consumers in the market area. Arecyclable claim for products like garbage bags is inappropriate as the products are notcollected for recycling and end up in the landfill sites. When it is not clear whether theclaim applies to the product or the container, a clarifying statement must be made.

Bill 17 of B.C.’s Waste Management Act, 1998 states that “recyclable material means a product orsubstance that has been diverted from disposal, has no reuse value in its present form and satisfiesat least one of the following criteria:

I. is organic material that has been diverted from residential, commercial or institutionalsources and is capable of being composted, or is being composted,at a site

II. is managed as a marketable commodity with an established market by the owner operator ofa site;

III. is being used in the manufacture of a new product that has an established market or isbeing processed as an intermediate stage of an existing manufacturing process;

IV. has been identified as a recyclable material in a plan.”



8


⌦ Recycled Content or Made from Recycled Materials- can be designated either Post- or Pre-Consumer Recycled Content

• Post-Consumer Recycled Content - used when the recycled content is made up fromproducts disposed of after final use by consumers and businesses.

• Pre-Consumer Recycled Content (or Post-Commercial Recycled Content) - usedwhen the recycled content is made up of waste generated by the commercial operationsthat process and convert manufactured materials into new products such as companiesthat convert floor cuttings into new envelopes or cardboard into boxes.

Over 50% recycledPaper

Including 10% post-consumerfibre

Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada is concerned that a product’s claim ofbeing “recycled”; “contains recycled material”; “made with recycled material” (statedwith words or symbols) can be vague. Their comment is that these claims must beaccompanied by the amount of recycled content, e.g. “this container is made from30% recycled plastic including 5% post-consumer waste”. Otherwise, the claim willbe taken to mean that the product is entirely made from 100%-recycled material.

⌦ Recycling – a process, through which post-use materials are separated from the waste stream,collected and processed for transformation into new products.

⌦ Reduce - the decreasing of the volume, weight or toxicity of material that enters the solid wastestream in the first place. This includes activities that result in greater ease or efficiency of reuse of aproduct or recycling of materials in the future.

⌦ Reuse – the direct reapplication of a package, for the same or different purpose in its original form.

⌦ Source Reduction – the elimination of packaging or reduction of the weight, volume or toxicity ofpackaging.

⌦ Waste – any material, product or by-product which is discarded for final disposal.



9

AUTOMOTIVEAUTOMOTIVEAUTOMOTIVEAUTOMOTIVE

Product Brand Name Recycled Content/Process Availability

Antifreeze " antifreeze is distilled; brokendown into water, glycol, oil,and metals

" the glycol is reused in theremanufacture of newantifreeze

Newalta7720 Anvil Way, Surrey B.C.Tel: 604 596-7336.

# Call to set up industrialcollection service. Theremanufactured antifreezeis sold for industrial useonly, call for details.

Oils AndLubricants

Any brand namethat carries theEcologo hasMohawk re-refined oil in it(i.e. LondonDrugs).

" take used oil and removewater, antifreeze andimpurities

" 100% re-refined

" containers are made frompost-consumer resin

" Certified by theEnvironmental ChoiceProgram

Mohawk StationsTel: 1 800 663-5848.

Tires " retread light truck or trucktires only, no passenger tiresas too costly

" by recapping an old tire onlyhalf of the oil products usedto make a new tire areutilized

Kal Tire (Retread Plant) 1851 Lougheed Hwy,Coquiltam, B.C.Tel: 604 524-1166.

Environmentally Responsible Products

⌦ Mohawk Oil also has available ethanol blended fuels that use surplus grain (wheat; which is a renewableresource) and has 20 - 40 % reduction in emissions.

⌦ Greenland Corporation has lubricants, greasers, hydraulic fluid oils and chain saw bar oils that are made from100% canola oil. Call Perry Woodworth 604 961-7129.



10

CARDS & GIFT WRAPCARDS & GIFT WRAPCARDS & GIFT WRAPCARDS & GIFT WRAP


GreetingCards

Carlton CardsMarket PlaceOpus ‘N BillSpeaking ofLoveFresh Apple

Forget-me-not78th StreetThat’s LoveFreestyleOpus ‘N Bill

HallmarkShoebox

" greeting cards and blankcard sets contain 100% post-consumer recycled content

" Carlton everyday greetingcard lines have 50%recycled content (40% pre- &10% post-consumer)

" most envelopes have thesame recycled content

" Carlton and Forget-Me-Notseasonal products contain aminimum of 50% recycledcontent (40% pre- & 10%post-)

" includes 10% of all seasonalgreeting cards and 5% of allChristmas boxed cards

" this line has 10% post-consumer and 40% pre-consumer fibre

Avalon Stationery2033 West 4th, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 731-1535.

Carlton Cards /Forget-Me-Not productsAvailable at a variety of department,stationery and drug stores – look forthe brand names mentioned andcheck the back of the card fordetails.

Hallmark’s “Shoebox”Available wherever Hallmark cards aresold.



11

CLOTHING & ACCESSORIES

Product Brand Name Recycled Content /Process Availability

Polar FleeceJackets, Vests,Pants andSweaters

Patagonia • 80% post-consumer PETE

" single garment uses 25 (2 Litre)pop bottles

Carleton Cycle & OutdoorRecreation Ltd.3201 Kingsway, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 438-6371.

Coast Mountain Sports2201 W. 4th Ave, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 731-6186.Park Royal NorthW. Van., B.C.Tel: 604 926-6126.

Ecomarine Ocean KayakCentre1668 Duranleau, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 689-7575.

Forerunners3504 W. 4th Ave, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 732-4535.2236 W. 41st Ave, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 261-6554.

Hill’s of Kerrisdale2125 W. 41st Van., B.C.Tel: 604 266-9177.

Adult:Polar FleeceJackets; Vests,Pants, Sweaters

Kids:Polar FleeceJackets, Vests,Pants,Sweaters, SnowSuits, Toques,Hats, Mitts,Socks

Polar FleeceJackets, Hats;Sierra DesignJackets, Pants

MEC

MEC

Polar Tec,North Face andSierra Designs

" 89% post-consumer PETE forjackets

• 87% post-consumer PETE forhats

Mountain Equipment Co-Op130 W. Broadway, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 872-7858.(header card on clothing rack andgarment tag will indicate % recycledcontent).

Great Outdoors EquipmentLtd.222 West Broadway, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 872-8872.



12

CLOTHING & ACCESSORIES (continued)CLOTHING & ACCESSORIES (continued)CLOTHING & ACCESSORIES (continued)CLOTHING & ACCESSORIES (continued)


Sandals Merrel " made from used passengercar tire

" 6 sandals can be made fromone tire

Coast Mountain Sports2201 W. 4th Ave, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 731-6186.

Park Royal North, W. Van., B.C.Tel: 604 926-6126.

Ecomarine Ocean KayakCentre1668 Duranleau, Van., B.C. Tel:604 689-7575.



13

HOME IMPROVEMENTHOME IMPROVEMENTHOME IMPROVEMENTHOME IMPROVEMENT


Boards -Protectionor Overlay

Carpet

CarpetUnderlay

CeilingTiles

Doors

Permaboard

BASF “6ixAgain”

Eco-CushionEco-CushionPlus andEco-CushionPlus Ultra

Duracushion

OFI Versatileand OFIGolden Glow

AdventCollection

" contains 20% (by weight)ground-up tire rubber that isblended with asphalt thenmolded into a thin rigidwaterproof board

" used as a protection board inconstruction or as an underlaysheet in roofing applications

BASF recycles their Type #6Nylon carpet fibre into carpet“6ix Again”

" made from 76% rubber of which72% is recycled automobile tirecrumb

" made from 100% post-consumer truck tire rubbercrumb

" made from recycled glass –minimum 60% of either post-commercial or post-consumerglass

" doors with wood veneer skinover substrate of 95% pre-consumer wood residue in a ¾”composite panel

Available at roofing wholesalers.

Manufactured by:Hal Industries Inc.9681 - 187th St, Surrey, B.C.Tel: 604 888-0777.

BC Roofing Products Ltd.8355 Wiggins St, Burnaby, B.C.

“6ix Again” carpet is distributed by:McMahon Canada Ltd.Tel: 604 527-1331.

To get details on BASF “6ix Again”program call 1 800 839-3233.

Available at major carpet retailers.

Crossley Carpet Mills is the supplier.

Distributed by:McMahon Canada Ltd.Tel: 604 527-1300

Dean Littlechilds – residential useTel: 403 528-0203.Carl Sankey – commercial useTel: 1 800 897-3558.

Manufactured by:Ottawa Fibre Inc.3985 Bellgreen Dr., Ottawa, Ont.Tel: 613 736-1215.

Windsor Plywood, Revy and Dick’sLumber.

Manufactured by:Simpson Door CompanyPO Box 210, McCleary, WA 98557Tel: 360 495-3291.Distributed by: TrimliteTel: 604 533-4111.



14

HOME IMPROVEMENTHOME IMPROVEMENTHOME IMPROVEMENTHOME IMPROVEMENT (continued) (continued) (continued) (continued)


FloorCovering

FlexisurfTire VeneerRubber tex

• resilient flooring made fromrecycled automobilecomponents

Manufactured by:Yemm & HartTel: 1 573-783-5434.

Distributed by:Yemm & Hart1417 Madison 308, Marquand, Missouri63655-9153 Tel: 1 573-783-5434.www.yemmhart.com

Insulation -Cellulose

Weathershield™ " made from 100% post-consumer newsprint


Available at most building supply dealers.

Manufactured by:Can-Cell Industries Inc.(HO) 14715-114 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta19841 57A Avenue, Langley, B.C.Tel: 604 532-0262.www.can-cell.com

Insulation-Fibreglass

Acousti-thermcommercialinsulation,Golden Glowblowing wool,OFI commercialand industrialinsulation, OFIbasic rolls, HTblanket andGolden Glowroll packs

" made from recycled glass

" minimum 60% of either post-commercial or post-consumer glass

Dean Littlechilds - residential useTel: 403 528-0203.Carl Sankey - commercial useTel: 1 800 897-3558.

Manufactured by:Ottawa Fibre Inc.3985 Bellgreen Dr, Ottawa, ONT.Tel: 613 736-1215.

Insulation -Foam

Celfort 200Cel-Lok,CodeBordCelfort 300,Foamular 400Foamular 600Formular 1000

" extruded polystyreneinsulation in rigid board form,regrinds and reuses ownscrap and purchase scrap

" recycled polystyreneconstitutes 8% ofmanufacturer’s total materialconsumption

" only company in Canada to

manufacture extrudedpolystyrene insulation in 4foot wide panels

Revy – residential.

Curtis Lumber, Irly Building Centres,Home Hardware & Dick’s Lumber –industrial.

Manufactured by:OC Celfortec Inc.CP PO Box 310, Valleyfield PQTel: 450 377-1725.

Distributed by:Taiga Forest Products(residential and commercial product)Tel: 604 438-1471.

Steels Industries (industrial product)Tel: 604 291-7321.

Cameron Ashley Building ProductsTel: 604-520-0040.

http://www.yemmhart.com/

http://www.can-cell.com/



15



Insulation –OttawaFibreglass

" made from recycledglass

Northern Building Supply Ltd.1640 East Kent Ave.Vancouver, B.C.Tel: 604 321-6141.

Insulation -Mineral Wool

Thermofibre

Roxul Inc.

" mineral fibre loose fillinsulation from 50% post-consumer slag

" for industrial use morethan residential use as ithas to be blown in

" mineral wool insulationmade from volcanic rockand 50% recycled steelslag

" industrial applications(pipe/board/tankinsulation) only in B.C. asno residential demand

" commercial use – curtainwall, sound partition walland cavity wall

Available at any lumber yard orinsulation retailer.

Manufactured by:Thermofibre2301 Taylor Way,Tacoma, Washington 98421Tel: 1 800 426-8127.Canada Order CentreTel: 905 337-5100.

Manufactured by:Roxul Inc.551 Harrop Dr., Milton OntarioTel: 416 878-8474.

Western Office (Calgary)Tel: 403 216-3300or 1 800 565-3907.

Lumber " lumber from replacedfencing, landscaping,utility and telephonepoles

" 1 x 1 up to 8 x 8

" Glu-lam beams andsalvaged timber

BC Wood Recycling Ltd.12500 88th Ave., Surrey, B.C.Tel: 604 596-1906.

Northern Building Supply1640 East Kent Ave., Van., B.C.Tel: 604 321-6141.

Lumber -Plastic

" made from recycledplastics

Northern Building Supply1640 East Kent Ave., Van., B.C.Tel: 604 321-6141.



16

HOME IMPROVEMENT (continued)HOME IMPROVEMENT (continued)HOME IMPROVEMENT (continued)HOME IMPROVEMENT (continued)


Lumber -Plastic

Playtech

Superwood

" made from 100% post-consumer and post-industrial thermoplasticsgathered in curbsidecollection programs

" contains a mix of plasticresins (75% by weightHDPE & LDPE)

" made from mostly post-consumer plastics

" used for decks, docks,landscape, hot tub bases

" sizes from 1” x 2” x 8ft to2” x 4” x 12 ft to 6” x 6” x8ft

"

Playtech12031 Twigg Rd, Richmond, B.C.Tel: 604 324-2734.

Manufactured by:Cascades Re-Plast Inc.1350 Chemin Quatre Saisins,Notre-Dam-Du-Bon-Conseil, PQTel: 819 336-2440.

Northcoast Building Products14682 – 66th Ave, Surrey, B.C.Tel: 604 597-4777.

Manufactured by:Envi Plastic Lumber IncTel: 604 888-1355.

Paint (latex orwater-based)

Cloverdale andECOLOGIC

General PaintBreeze, Evanseal,Envirogard,General Paint,Procraft Latex

Irly Bird Premiumlatex paints

RevelstokeInterior/ Exteriorlatex paints

" water-based paint

" Certified by theEnvironmental ChoiceProgram.

Cloverdale Paint stores.Manufactured by:Cloverdale Paint Inc.Tel: 604 596-6261.

General Paint retailers.Manufactured by:General Paint Ltd.Tel: 604 253-3131.

Irly Bird Building Centres.Manufactured by:Irly Bird Distributors LtdTel: 604 596-1551.

Manufactured and available atRevelstoke Home CentresTel: 604 888-4111.

Paint(recycled)

Home RecycledPaint

" contains a minimum of50% post-consumer paintcollected at communitypaint-swap weekendevents

Home Hardware Stores



17



Pallets andPalletContainers

CHEPEquipmentPoolingSystems

Arca Systems

" pool material handlingequipment for rental tomanufacturers anddistributors who return themlocally or across N. Americaafter use

" less than 1% are notrepairable

" reusable pallet containersand plastic totes

" can be up to 30% post-consumer plastic

CHEP Equipment PoolingSystems1647 Derwent Way,Annacis Island, B.C. V3M 6K8Tel: 604 520-2583Fax: 604 520-3566.

Arca Systems9314 47th Ave S.W.PO Box 99057, Tacoma WA 98499Tel: 1 800 423-3221.

Available at:Tom Button (Sales Agent) Ecotainer2253 Harbourgreene WaySurrey, B.C. Tel: 604 535-7293.

Paneling -Hardboard

" made from 100% recycledclean wood waste fromhousing materials and woodpallets

Any Home Depot, most Revy andNorthern Building Supplies in EastVancouver.

Manufactured by:CanFor - Panel & Fibre Div. Tel:604 521-9650.

Paneling -Plastic

" 4 x 8’ decorative panelsheets made from 100%post-consumer HDPE (#2)resin are pressed (notextruded) so there are colourpatterns

" made for countertops,cabinets and crafts

Yemm & Hart1417 Madison 308Marquand, Missouri 63655-9153Tel: 573 783-5434.www.yemmhart.com

Partitions PartitionSystems Ltd.

" movable wall systems withrecycled gypsum wallboard

Partition Wall Systems#108 – 6871 Elmbridge Way,Richmond, B.C.Tel: 604 270-8926.

http://www.yemmhart.com/



18



Tiles " made from glass waste fromwindow manufacturers, %recycled content varies; maybe as much as 100%

" use clear float window sheetglass ONLY

" NO used beverage containerglass used in process

" used for swimming pools andwall accents

Mexican Sol.

Manufactured by:Interstyle Ceramic & Glass Ltd.8051 Enterprise St, Burnaby, B.C.Tel: 604 421-7229.

Underlay-ment

" 100% post-consumernewsprint

" used on concrete floors asinsulation and soundproofing

Manufactured by: Homasote.

Distributed by:P.J. White Hardwoods Ltd.1200 E. Kent St., Van., B.C.Tel: 604 327-0241.

Wallboard GeorgiaPacific(GYPROC)

" scrap wallboard is sent toNew West Gypsum where it isreprocessed and sold to makenew wallboard

" on average there is 20 - 21%post-consumer content (of this21% there is up to 15% byweight of post-consumerrecycled gypsum and 6-7% ofpaper weight is 100% post-consumer)

" paper liner is 100% post-consumer paper fibre (veryrarely is it less than 100% andthen it can be up to 10% post-industrial content)

Mainly supply contractors andIrly Building Centres.# See the Yellow Pages under

“Gypsum Supply”.

Manufactured by:Georgia Pacific(formerly Domtar)12509 - 116 Ave, Surrey, B.C.Tel: 604 580-0620.



19


Environmentally Responsible Products⌦ Dupont Canada is collecting old carpet and conducting research to develop carpet made from old carpet.

Intended for commercial use.

For more information contact:

Dupont Canada (Hubert Leblanc),PO Box 2200 Streetsville, 7070 Mississauga, Ontario, L5M 2H3

Tel: 905 821-5562.

⌦ Campbell & Sons carries carpeting that is made from all natural fibres with jute and/or cotton backing that isnon-toxic (“Nature’s Carpet”).


Colin Campbell & Sons Ltd. (Brian Cox),1428 W. 7th Ave, Vancouver, B.C. V6H 1C1

Tel: 604 734-2758.

⌦ True linoleum is made of 100% linseed oil, wood flour, chalk and cork with jute backing.Brand Name: Marmoleum.


Forbo Industries,8300 Keele Street, Concord, Ontario L4K 4T1

Tel: 416 661-2351. Fax: 416 661-5362.

Distributed by: McMahon Canada Ltd.Tel: 604 527-1331.



20

HOME OFFICE & STATIONERYHOME OFFICE & STATIONERYHOME OFFICE & STATIONERYHOME OFFICE & STATIONERY


ComputerDisks

" 100% recycled computerdisk

" disks of outdated softwarethat are magnetically erased,reformatted and relabeled

Corporate ExpressVancouver Tel: 604 258-7000.Langley Tel: 604 530-6934.Maple Ridge Tel: 604 467-1171.

Grand & ToyTel: 604 324-1414 Order Desk orToll Free 1 800 663-8254.

Lyreco Office Products/Today’sTel: Toll Free 1 800 663-9800.

Manufactured by:GreenDiskPreston Washington, U.S.A. 98050.

ComputerPrinter, TonerCartridgesand PrinterRibbons

" Corporate Express andPacific Charge dismantleused toner cartridges andworn parts are replaced

" cartridge is recharged withtoner, printer ribbons aredismantled and a new ribbonis put in used cartridge

" remanufactures fax andlaser toner cartridges,replaces drum and reloadsprinter ribbons

Corporate ExpressVancouver Tel: 604 258-7000.Langley Tel: 604 530-6934.Maple Ridge Tel: 604 467-1171.

Pacific Charge1683 Cliveden Ave,New Westminster, B.C.Tel: 604 522-6607.(supply recycled paper as well).

G. Trasolini Business4005 2nd Avenue, Burnaby, B.C.Tel: 604 298-6160. (call to set upindustrial offer a buy back programfor toner cartridges).

CorporateAwards,Giftware(includingofficeaccessories,trophies,bowls,serving traysand plates)

" made from 100% recycledglass

Sterling Glass BlockEric Pittman/Bob Semken2966 Bridge St., VictoriaTel: 250 475-2506.



21

HOME OFFICE & STATIONERY (continued)HOME OFFICE & STATIONERY (continued)HOME OFFICE & STATIONERY (continued)HOME OFFICE & STATIONERY (continued)


OfficeSupplies

Greenman

" account books, binders, filefolders, desk accessories, etc.all have varying amounts ofrecycled content

" binders, covers, folders,sheets made from 90% post-consumer HDPE

" portfolios, paper binders,presentation folders andscrapbooks made from 100%post-consumer recycledcontent

" journals made from tree freefibres

Grand & ToyTel: (604) 324-1414 Order DeskAvailable at all Grand and Toylocations (*catalogue item with treeemblem has recycled content).

Available at:(2 print companies that takevolume)Vancouver BookbindingTel: 604 872-8132TrimsealTel: 1 800 663-8078.

Manufactured by:Symplastics21 Tideman Drive, Orangeville, Ont.Tel: 1 800 661-2387

Avalon Stationery2033 West 4th Ave., Van., B.C.Tel: 604 731-1535.



22



Some of these products contain 100% post-consumer fibre. The majority of these companies’ product are sold toprinters and where indicated they sell to general public. Many printing and photocopier papers have recycledcontent typically with 10% (Pioneer Envelope is 50%) post-consumer recycled fibre.

PaperProducts(Envelopes,Fine Paper,PhotocopyPaper)

Sandpiper

Two WayMailer

Aspen

InnovaEnvelopes

Recycleopes

Greenman

" writing, envelopes, text &cover line 100% post-consumer waste content

" envelope can be used to mailbill and then mail in payment

" Certified by the EnvironmentalChoice Program

" photocopy and fax printerpaper contains 20% post-consumer content.



" 50% recycled content with 10%post-consumer fibre

" fine office paper, photocopypaper, and unprinted productsin varying percentages ofrecycled content up to 100%post-consumer fibre

" fine office paper, photocopypaper and laser printer paper,envelopes and figuring padswith varying recycled content

" fine office paper andenvelopes made from tree freefibres

Coast Paper - a printing paperwholesale merchant to the printingtrade850 W Kent Ave S., Van, B.C.Tel: 604 321-8511# Individuals wanting to purchase this

brand can order through any quickprinter or many stationery stores.

Fraser EnvelopesUnit #3 464 Fraserview Place,Delta, B.C.Tel: 604 521-8666.

Grand & ToyTel: 604 324-1414 Order Desk.

Innova Envelopes8189 River Way, Tilbury, Delta, B.C.Tel: 604 940-4488.

Pioneer Envelopes Ltd.4771 Vanguard Rd, Richmond, B.C.V6X 2P7Tel: 604 273-0761 Fax: 273-6066Email [email protected] at Real Canadian SuperStores.

Unisource Canada Inc.7260 Winston St, Burnaby, B.C.Tel: 604 444-0400.

G. Trasolini Business4005 2nd Avenue, Burnaby, B.C.Tel: 604 298-6160.

Avalon Stationery2033 West 4th Ave., Van., B.C.Tel: 604 731-1535



23



PaperProducts

" variety of stationery productsmade from 100% post-consumer recycled content

Avalon Stationery2033 West 4th Ave., Van., B.C.Tel: 604 731-1535

Pens " variety of high qualitybiodegradable writinginstruments made fromMater-Bi

" material derived fromcornstarch which wears likeplastic but 100%biodegradable

Available at various health food andstationery stores, call for listing.

Manufactured by:The Green Pen Company CanadaBox 71439, Vancouver, B.C.

Environmentally Responsible Products⌦ The preferred option to the plastic shopping bag or paper lunch bag is the cloth reusable bag or reusable lunch

container.

Available at:

Fairdeal Import and Export Ltd.116 - 3855 Henning St, Burnaby, B.C.

Tel: 604 257-2939.

They carry 60 different sizes and shapes of cloth bags from lunch bags to a duffel bag. They sell to specialtyand screen printers to have logos put on them. See the Yellow Pages for these printing companies.

⌦ Choose chlorine free (unbleached) paper or oxygen-whitened papers as they are not manufactured usingchlorine or chlorine compounds that have been proven harmful to the environment, to fish and wildlife, to millworkers and to consumers.

Brand Name: Resolve White.Available at:

Island Paper Mills, New Westminster, B.C.

Tel: 1 800 663-6200.

Brand Name: Stora MultiArt coated paper.Available at:

Coast PaperTel: 604 321-8511.

⌦ There is paper that is tree free.Ecosource ECO 21 - 40% hemp, 40% flax and 20% cotton, naturally acid free, 1500 year shelf life,colours – bright white, teal green and peach from vegetable dyes.

Brand Name: Ecosource ECO 21 and EcoHemp (100% hemp fibre) fine paperContact:

Ecosource Paper IncVictoria, B.C. Tel: 1 800 665-6944.



24

HOUSEHOLD ITEMSHOUSEHOLD ITEMSHOUSEHOLD ITEMSHOUSEHOLD ITEMS


Batteries -Recharge-able

Rayovac " Nickel Cadmium freebatteries are rechargeable

" if manufacturer’s instructionsare followed, can get up to75 - 100 uses, guarantee 25uses


Canadian Tire,Radio Shack,Pro Hardware, Home Hardware,Revy Home and Garden Centres.

Manufactured by:Rayovac Canada Inc.Tel: 1 800 268-0425.

Batteries –Single Use

DuracellEvereadyRayovac

" mercury free batteries


Available at various retailers.

Manufactured by:Duracell CanadaTel: 905 823-4410.EvereadyTel: 905 403-6139.RayovacTel: 905 624-4448.

Containers -Garbage &Recycling

ContinentalRecycling

Rubbermaid

" receptacles designed topromote recycling in anyenvironment

" each product made with10% post-consumer plastic

" have a line of general utilityblue containers having 10%post-consumer plastic

Bunzl Distribution Inc.8219 River Way, Delta, B.C.Tel: 604 946-8884.

Available wherever an extensive selectionof Rubbermaid products are sold.

Distributed by:Midway Wood Wyant69 Glacier St, Coq, B.C.Tel: 604 945-7810400 West Broadway, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 879-9181.

Containers –Plastic Totes

Arca Systems " reusable plastic totes

" can be up to 30% post-consumer plastic

Arca Systems9314 47th Ave S.W.PO Box 99057, Tacoma WA 98499Tel: 1 800 423-3221.

Available at:Tom Button (Sales Agent) Ecotainer2253 Harbourgreene WaySurrey, B.C.Tel: 604 535-7293.



25

HOUSEHOLD ITEMSHOUSEHOLD ITEMSHOUSEHOLD ITEMSHOUSEHOLD ITEMS (continued) (continued) (continued) (continued)


Dustpans " dustpans having 20% post-consumerplastic

Available wherever an extensiveselection of Rubbermaid productsare sold.

Bunzl Distribution Inc.8219 River Way, Delta, B.C.

Distributed by:Midway WoodWyant69 Glacier St, Coq, B.C.Tel: 604 945-7810400 West Broadway, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 879-9181.

PaperProducts

FacialTissue,HandTowels,BathroomTissue,IndustrialWipers,Napkins

Jumbomatic

Scott Paper

SecondNature Plus

" hand towels, toilet and facial tissuecontain 100% recycled material (90-95%post-consumer fibre)

" hand towel and bathroom tissuedispensing system designed to reduceand eliminate waste

" made from variety of % recycled fibres

" grow own cotton wood trees for whitefibre (use no chlorine bleach)

" paper products from recycled fibre(% post-consumer fibre may varydepending on supply)

facial tissue - 100% recycled fibre withminimum 5% post-consumer fibre;hand towels - 100% recycled fibre withminimum 40% post-consumer fibre;bathroom tissue – 100% recycled fibres withminimum 20% post-consumer fibre;industrial wipers – 100% pre-consumerfibres;reinforced wiper – 95% recycled with 33%post-consumer fibre

" 100% recycled towel, toilet tissue andnapkins (% of post- and pre-consumercontent varies for each product as persupplier)

" meet or exceed minimum EPAguidelines

" 100% recycled, 100% bleach free, 100%post-consumer content

Midway Wood Wyant69 Glacier St., Coquitlam, B.C.Tel: 604 945-7810 orTel: 1 800 361-7691.

Kimberly-ClarkContact Terry ClarkTel: 1 800 331-4112 ext. 985-1118.

Wisconsin Tissue –contact Alice Young1 800 451-3595 ext 1085.Available at:Bunzl Distributions Tel: 604946-8884Enterprise Paper Tel: 604522-6295Konings Wholesale Tel: 604944-4410Serca (Neptune Foods)Tel: 604540-3801



26

HOUSEHOLD ITEMS (continued)HOUSEHOLD ITEMS (continued)HOUSEHOLD ITEMS (continued)HOUSEHOLD ITEMS (continued)


PaperProductsHandTowels,PaperNapkinsandBathroomTissue

Atlantic andFiesta

Fiesta andApril Soft

Whisper

SeventhGeneration

" hand towels and napkins with100% recycled fibres of whicha minimum is 25% post-consumer fibre


" 2 ply toilet tissue

" 100% recycle fibresof which a minimum is 25%post-consumer fibre

" 1 ply toilet tissue

" 100% recycled fibres of whicha minimum is 25% post-consumer fibre

" recycled (70% post- and 30%pre-consumer)

" non-chlorine bleached

" 100% recycled fibres of whicha minimum is 25% post-consumer fibre


Available at:Walmartand through independent andmajor chain grocery retailers, grocerywholesalers, drug stores andvarious paper distributors.Call 1 800 268-5620.

Manufactured by:Atlantic Packaging Products Ltd.

Seventh GenerationAvailable at most health food and co-op food stores.

PaperMaking Kit

" made with recycled wood Next to Nature GiftsG-4705 Trans Canada Hwy.Duncan, B.C.(near Whippletree Junction)Tel: 250-748-6647.www.nextonature.com

PictureFrames

" plastic 31/2”x5”, 5”x7” and8”x10” picture frames

" made from 100% post-consumer HDPE resin

Yemm & Hart1417 Madison 308, Marquand,Missouri 63655-9610Tel: 573 783-5434.

Planters Eco-Planter,Cropcirclesand PlantProtectionSleeves

" made from used car tires toprovide heat and moisturestoring as well as excellentprotection for plants

Next to Nature GiftsG-4705 Trans Canada Hwy.Duncan, B.C.(near Whippletree Junction)Tel: 1 800 641-4677

http://www.nextonature.com/



27

HOUSEHOLD ITEMS (continued)HOUSEHOLD ITEMS (continued)HOUSEHOLD ITEMS (continued)HOUSEHOLD ITEMS (continued)


Swing The Tire HorseSwing

" one swing is made from onepassenger or light truck tire

" 99% of the tire is used

" used tire is supplied byretailers (Joe’s Tire Hospital)on Vancouver Island

" estimate that they reuse 25%of existing used tires

Next to Nature GiftsG4705 Trans Canada HwyDuncan, B.C. V9L 6E1(near Whippletree Junction)Tel: 1 800 641-HORS (4677)www.nextonature.com.

Stampede Feed & Tack#10 Highway, Cloverdale

TowelClip

" made from recycled wood

" used for hanging your towelsand notes

Next to Nature GiftsG-4705 Trans Canada Hwy.Duncan, B.C.(near Whippletree Junction)Tel: 250-748-6647www.nextonature.com

Environmentally Responsible Products⌦ The more environmentally responsible choice would be not to use batteries at all (for example buy

wind up toys and not battery powered ones).

⌦ The more environmentally responsible choice would to use reusable cloth napkins and dish cloths instead ofpaper. The use of cotton hankies instead of disposable facial tissue is more environmentally responsible.

⌦ The preferred option to the plastic shopping bag or paper lunch bag is the cloth reusable bag.Available at:

Fairdeal Import and Export Ltd.116 - 3855 Henning St.,

Burnaby, B.C. Tel: 604 257-2939.

They carry 60 different sizes and shapes of cloth bags from lunch bags to a duffel bag.They sell to specialty and screen printers to have logos put on them.See the Yellow Pages for these printing companies.

⌦ Meridan Promotional Products have been Certified by the Environmental Choice Program for producingreusable cloth and nylon shopping bags. They manufacture them and have store logo printed on them.Sears, Bay and Kmart use them for promotional give away or sell them at cost.Available at:

Meridian Promotional Products Inc.2760 West 2nd,

Vancouver, B.C. Tel: 604 732-9021.





28

PET CAREPET CAREPET CAREPET CARE


Gravel –FishTanks

Congaroc " fish tank gravel made fromrecycled silica glass andcoated for colour

Available at major pet supply stores.

Cat Litter Mountain Cat

Cedar N’ Moss

Yesterday’sNews

Swheat Scoop

" natural wood cat litter madefrom pre-consumer woodwaste from sawdust

" cat litter made from cedar millwaste and peat moss

" made in Canada

" cat litter is made primarilyfrom post consumernewspaper

" can be used as bedding forother pets such as hamsters,rabbits, etc.

" natural cat litter made fromwheat residuals

" made in Canada

Mountain Cat, Cedar N’Moss,Yesterday’s News and SwheatScoop available at major petsupplies store.

Manufactured by:Rainforest Product’s Ltd.



29

YARD & GARDENYARD & GARDENYARD & GARDENYARD & GARDEN


CompostBins

Bio Orb

Cedar Creek

GardenGourmet

SeattleComposter

" made from 100% recycledplastic

" made from 100% plasticlumber

" made from recycled plastic

" made from 100 % postconsumer recycled plastic

Bio OrbManufactured by:Shope Plastics,1212 Barberry Dr, Jonesville, WI 53545.

Available through:Mike Jennings,Northland Chipper Sales,20551 Langley Bypass, Langley, V3A 3E8Tel: 604 532-6000.

Cedar Creek BinManufactured and distributed by:Cedar Creek EnterprisesTel: 604 929-7760.

Garden GourmetManufactured by:Sceptre ManufactureLawrence SigurdsonTel: 604 855-9191.

Available at:Garden Works, Home Hardware,Art Knapps Plantland, Home Depot,Tim-BR-Mart storessuch asCoe Lumber.Also Curtis Lumber in Burnaby.

Seattle ComposterManufactured by:Recycled Plastic Marketing,Redmond, WashingtonTel: 425 867-3200 or 1-800-867-3201.Catalogue requests: 1-800-529-9110.Do mail order or order from website –www.RRPM.com

http://www.rrpm.com/



30

YARD & GARDEN (continued)YARD & GARDEN (continued)YARD & GARDEN (continued)YARD & GARDEN (continued)


CompostBins(continued)

Soil Saver

Tumbler

" made from 50% recycledpolyethylene

" made from 75% recycledplastic

Soil Saver

Manufactured by:Horizon Plastics,Bldg. 3W, Northam Industrial Park,PO Box 474,Cobourg, Ontario, K9A 4L1Tel: 905 372-2291.

Available at:Blights’ Home Hardware3322 Dunbar St, Van., B.C.Tel: 604 738-3312.

Manufactured by:Blackwall Products,London, England,Tel: 081 305-1431.

Available at:Lee Valley ToolsTel: 261-2262.

ErosionControlMulch

Ecofibre " made from 100% pre-consumer wood waste (woodresidue or recycled rawmaterials)

" erosion control mulch

" 100 % wood fibre that ishydroseeded

Available at:Any Home Depot,Revy,Walmart,Art Knapp,Garden Works andmost Home Hardware and majorGarden Centres.

Manufactured by:CanFor - Panel & Fibre Div.Tel: 604 521-9650.

Fencing Vexar " temporary and permanentyard and construction fencingmade from recycled plastic(97% post consumer HDPE)

" Certified by the EnvironmentalChoice Program.

For businesses contact distributorsCameron Ashley Bldg ProductsTel: 604-520-0040 andFraser Valley Steel & Wire Ltd.3174 Mt. Lehman Rd, Abbots., B.C.Tel: 604-856-3391Manufactured by: DuPont CanadaInc.Tel: 1-800-263-2742.



31

YARD & GARDEN (continued)YARD & GARDEN (continued)YARD & GARDEN (continued)YARD & GARDEN (continued)

Product BrandName

Recycled Content/Process Availability

Furniture-Outdoor

Playtech " made from 100% post-consumer and post -industrial thermoplasticsgathered in curbsidecollection programs

Playtech12031 Twigg Rd, Richmond, BCTel: 604-324-2734.

Manufactured by:Cascades Re-Plast Inc.1350 Chemin Quatre Saisins,Notre-Dam-Du-Bon-Conseil, PQTel: 819-336-2440.

Pavers – RubberMats

" use between 75 – 100% ofrecycled tire rubber

" cushion walk pavers anddinomats used in icearenas, agricultural, fitnesscentre and golf courses

Dinoflex Manufacturing Ltd.5590 - 46th Ave SE,PO Box 3309, Salmon Arm, B.C.Tel: 250 832-7780.

Environmentally Responsible Products⌦ Garden and lawn care can involve a large amount of solid waste, air and water pollution.

Composting yard and lawn cuttings will reduce your garbage and provide you with a naturalalternative to chemical fertilizers. When caring for your lawn consider not cutting the lawn too shortand watering once a week in the early morning and late evening. Also use a push mower whenpossible. For more information, call the GVRD at 436-6803 or the Compost Hotline at(604) 736-2250.



32

CLEANING PRODUCTSCLEANING PRODUCTSCLEANING PRODUCTSCLEANING PRODUCTSIt is preferable to avoid cleaning products that contain chlorine bleach, benzene, strong acids, ammonia, butyl orbutyl byproducts, fluorocarbons, powdered cilica, phenol, hydrogen peroxide and limonene.Lea Buburuz – Corporate Cleaning Consultant at the B.C. Building Corporation (cellular phone: 604 813-5610) hasprovided the following summary of general surfaces and the appropriate environmentally responsible cleaners. Formore information please contact her or one of the other consultants listed.

To clean an average office building:Toilet bowl/shower cleaner

⌦ Control Dispensing Systems – most suppliers have (and install free of charge) control dispensingsystems for use with their chemicals

⌦ Airkem product line available from Wesclean Tel: 604 421-7150 or Ultra Chem available fromCampbell distributors

⌦ germicide – Hospital grade Omega from Wesclean (not for floors), Q128 – Ultra Chem – all surfacesand has a neutral pH

CLEANING CHEMICALS⌦ all cleaning chemicals should be dispensed via a water solution control dispensing system available at

no charge from leading suppliers

Handsoap⌦ all hand soap to be dispensed from sealed collapsible container (not air exchange systems)⌦ first choice is Deb Debonaire from Campbell Distributors a Canadian manufacturer Tel: 604 980-

1696 – foam style only – not liquid style⌦ second choice is the U.S. manufactured Prespak liquid from Wesclean

Papertowel⌦ use a no touch towel from Campbell Distributors Tel: 604 980-1696⌦ there are a variety available on the market - all dispensers free of charge⌦ do not choose bar press or pull syles or cloth towel

Toilet Tissue⌦ for heavy use areas use double large roll system: Scott or Kimberley-Clarke and for smaller area use

the small double roll system from Scott⌦ Campbell Distributors have all styles and choices

Carpet⌦ CRS Commercial Carpet Maintenance – IICRC certified Tel: 604 420-8098⌦ Fox Home Care Services – IICRC certified Tel: 604 275-7414⌦ BC manufactured electrolytic cleaning products from Ultrachem Industries Tel: 604 946-8357 are

environmentally responsible as well as providing superior clean results⌦ distributed by Campbell Distributors in North Vancouver Tel: 604 980-1696 and Fraser Valley Janitor

in Langley

Stainless steel, formica, arborite countertops and white boards (to remove permanent ink)⌦ temp paste from Diversey Chemicals 1 800 668-7171.

Acme Supplies Victoria

Hard floors care ⌦ Use the ultrachem – Ultrastrip to strip floor other than Marmoleum which is not to be stripped⌦ For a high shine use Ultraflex Gold⌦ For longterm care where no shine is needed consult local suppliers such as Ultrachem or Wesclean

distributors⌦ Concrete – Ultrachem Fastrac⌦ Durable – minimum to no buffing required use Flex Platinum – Ultrachem



33

CLCLCLCLEANING PRODUCTS (continued)EANING PRODUCTS (continued)EANING PRODUCTS (continued)EANING PRODUCTS (continued)

Wood floors⌦ Gymnasium – contact Campbells Distributors or Wesclean

UltraChem Suppliers/Distributors – Campbells and Fraser Valley JanitorialProvincial pricing agreement via BCBC for all government funded agencies, crowncorporations and federal sites.

Environmentally Responsible ProductsBrand Names:

VIP Cleaners,Nature Clean,Country SafeTri Clean Laundry Discs (used to replace the need for laundry detergent).

Available at most health food stores.

Nature Clean is a line of 100% biodegradable bulk cleaning products featuring tub and tilecleanser, window and glass cleaner, pure soap, non-chlorine liquid bleach, concentrated laundrypowder and fabric softener.

ENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSERVATIONENERGY CONSERVATION

Product BrandName

Recycled Content/Process Availability

Water and EnergyConservationProducts

" Power Smart Productsconserve water and energyin the following categories:" insulation," windows," weather-stripping," appliances," water-saving devices" (faucet aerators, pipe

wrap," showerheads, etc.)," thermostats," lighting," HVAC," spa covers and" swimming pool covers

BC Hydro Power SmartFor information on business,commercial and residentialPower Smart programs callTel: 604 431-9463 or1 877 431-9463.

Available at local hardware or lightingstores. Look for thePower Smart endorsement..

Environmentally Responsible Products⌦ It is important to remember that when pricing light bulbs the compact fluorescent is more costly

initially but it will save you money in energy bills and it will last longer than a conventionalincandescent bulb so your replacement costs are decreased.



34

Other ResourcesOther ResourcesOther ResourcesOther Resources Resources Resources Resources Resources

For more information on where to purchase items that have been used andwhere to find purchasers of used items, call

" the Greater Vancouver Regional District’s Information Centre at 432-6200for a free copy of 101 Things to Do With All Your Old Stuff – A Money-Saving Guide to Reusing, Repairing and Renting Goods in the LowerMainland.

" the B.C. Recycling Hotline at 732-9253 (R.E.C.Y.C.L.E.)or 1-800-667-4321.



35

INDEX of Suppliers INDEX of Suppliers INDEX of Suppliers INDEX of Suppliers (alphabetically listed)

A

Arca Systems ................................................................. 17Atlantic Packaging......................................................... 26Avalon Stationery........................................ 10, 21, 22, 23

B

BASF ............................................................................... 13BC Hydro .................................................................... 6, 33BC Hydro Power Smart ............................. See BC HydroBC Wood Recycling Ltd ................................................ 15Blackwall Products ........................................................ 30Bunzl Distribution .......................................................... 24

C

Cameron Ashley Bldg Products ................................... 14Campbell & Sons ........................................................... 19Campbell Distributors ............................................. 32, 33Can-Cell Industries Inc. ................................................. 14CanFor ...................................................................... 17, 30Carlton Cards ................................................................. 10Cascades Re-Plast Inc............................................. 16, 31Cedar Creek Enterprises ............................................... 29CHEP Equipment Pooling Systems.............................. 17Cloverdale Paint ............................................................ 16Coast Paper.............................................................. 22, 23Congaroc ........................................................................ 28Corporate Express......................................................... 20Crossley Carpet Mills .................................................... 13CRS Commercial............................................................ 32

D

Dinoflex Manufacturing Ltd........................................... 31Diversey Chemicals ....................................................... 32Domtar ...............................................See Georgia PacificDupont Canada ........................................................ 19, 30Duracell Canada............................................................. 24Duracushion................................................................... 11

E

Ecotainer ........................................................................ 24Ecosource Paper Inc ..................................................... 23Enterprise Paper ............................................................ 25Envi Plastic Lumber Inc ................................................ 16Envirotech ............................................ See Image CarpetEveready......................................................................... 24

F

Fairdeal Import and Export Ltd. ................................... 27Forbo Industries ............................................................ 19Fox Home Care Services............................................... 32Fraser Envelopes........................................................... 22Fraser Valley Janitorial ................................................. 33

G

G. Transolini Business Products ........................... 20, 22General Paint ................................................................. 16Georgia Pacific .............................................................. 18Grand & Toy............................................................. 21, 22Green Pen Company Canada, The ............................... 23GreenDisk....................................................................... 20Gyproc ............................................... See Georgia Pacific

H

Hal Industries Inc........................................................... 13Hallmark ......................................................................... 10Homasote ....................................................................... 18Home Recycled Paint .................................................... 16Horizon Plastics............................................................. 30

I

Innova Envelopes .......................................................... 22Interstyle Ceramic & Glass Ltd..................................... 18Irly Bird Distributors Ltd. .............................................. 16Island Paper Mills .......................................................... 23

K

Kal Tire ............................................................................. 9Kimberly-Clark ............................................................... 25Konings Wholesale ....................................................... 25

L

M

McMahon Canada Ltd.................................................... 13Meridian Promotional Products Inc. ............................ 27Merrel.............................................................................. 12Mexican Sol.................................................................... 18Midway Wood Wyant ............................................... 24, 25Mohawk Oil....................................................................... 9Mountain Equipment Co-Op ......................................... 11



36

N

Neptune Foods..................................................See SercaNewalta ............................................................................. 9Next to Nature Gifts ................................................. 26, 27North Face ...................................................................... 11

O

OC Celfortec Inc. ............................................................ 14Ottawa Fibre Inc ....................................................... 13, 14

P

P.J. White Hardwoods Ltd............................................. 17Pacific Charge ................................................................ 20Parco Distribution.......................................................... 11Partition Wall Systems .................................................. 17Patagonia........................................................................ 11Pioneer Envelopes Ltd. ................................................. 22PolarTec.......................................................................... 11Power Smart ............................................... See BC Hydro

R

Rainforest Products Ltd. ............................................... 28Rayovac Canada Inc ...................................................... 24Recycled Plastic Marketing........................................... 29Revelstoke Home Centres............................................. 16Roxul Inc......................................................................... 15Rubbermaid .............................................................. 24, 25

S

Sceptre Manufacture...................................................... 29Serca (Neptune Foods).................................................. 25Seventh Generation ....................................................... 26Shope Plastics ............................................................... 29Sierra Designs................................................................ 11Simpson Door Company ............................................... 13Stampeed Feed and Tack .............................................. 27Sterling Glass Block ...................................................... 20Symplastics .................................................................... 21

T

TerraChoice Environmental Services Inc ...................... 4Thermofibre .................................................................... 15Trimseal .......................................................................... 21

U

Ultrachem Industries ..................................................... 32Unisource Canada Inc ................................................... 22

V

Vancouver Bookbinding ............................................... 21

W

Wesclean ........................................................................ 32Wisconsin Tissue .......................................................... 25

Y

Yemm & Hart ...................................................... 14, 17, 26


The Greater Vancouver Regional District – Policy and Planning Dept, 4330 Kingsway, 11th Floor, Burnaby, BC V5H 4G8

Tel: 604 432-6375 Fax: 604 436-6811

37

INDEX of ProductsINDEX of ProductsINDEX of ProductsINDEX of Products (alphabetically listed)

Product Page # Product Page #Antifreeze 9 Office Supplies 21

Bathroom Tissue 25, 26 Oils & Lubricants 9Batteries - Rechargeable household batteries 24 Outdoor Furniture 31Batteries - Single Use household batteries 24 Overlay Board 13Carpet 13, 19 Paint - Latex or Waterbased 16Carpet Underlay 13 Paint - Recycled 16Ceiling Tiles 13 Pallets and Pallet Containers 17Cleaning Products 32 Paneling - Hardboard 17Cloth Bags 23 Paneling - Plastic 17Compost Bins 29, 30 Pants – Polar Fleece 11Corporate Awards 20 Paper – Fibre Free 22, 23Cushion Walk Pavers 31 Paper - Fine 22Decorative Plastic Sheeting 17 Paper - Photocopy 22Disks - Computer 20 Paper Making Kit 26Doors 13 Paper Products 22, 23Dustpans 25 Partitions 17Energy Conservation 33 Pavers 31Envelopes 22 Pens 23Ethanol Blended Fuels 9 Pet Supplies 28Facial Tissue 25 Picture Frames 26Fencing 30 Planters 26Floor Covering 14 Plastic Lumber 15, 16Furniture - Outdoor 31 Plastic Totes 23, 24Garbage Containers 24 Printer Ribbons - Computer 20Giftware 20 Protection Board 13Greeting Cards 10 Recycling Containers 24Hand Towels 25, 26 Re-Refined Oils and Lubricants 9Hardboard Paneling 17 Rubber Mats 31Hats – Polar Fleece 11 Safety Tiles 31Industrial Wipers 25 Sandals 12Insulation - Cellulose 14 Snow Suits – Polar Fleece 11Insulation - Fiberglass 14, 15 Socks – Polar Fleece 11Insulation - Foam 14 Stationery 23Insulation - Mineral Wool 15 Sweaters – Polar Fleece 11Jackets - Polar Fleece 11 Swing 27Linoleum 19 Tiles - WallLumber 15 Tires - Re-Tread 9Lumber - Plastic 15, 16 Toner Cartridges - Computer Printer 20Mitts – Polar Fleece 11 Towel Clip 27Movable Wall Systems 17 Underlayment 18Mulch - Erosion Control 30 Vests – Polar Fleece 11Napkins 25, 26 Wall Tiles 18Note Clip 27 Wallboard 18

Water and Energy ConservationProducts

33

Chapter 8 – Reference Materials EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide


Reference Materials

A number of excellent resources addressingenvironmental purchasing exist on theInternet. Many web sites offer soundadvice, helpful recommendations and linksto other sites.

www.buygreen.comA site dedicated to providing information on"green" products and services, and tips onhow to set up a green procurement program.Buy Green is divided into five topic areas:

n Information on Purchasing and theEnvironment - This menu provideslinks to Environment Canada, the USEPA and many other resources that areexcellent sources of advice oneverything from starting a buy greenprogram to environmental issuesrelated to products and services.

This menu also provides informationon how to obtain copies of GIPPER’s(Governments IncorporatingProcurement Policies to EliminateRefuse) Guide to EnvironmentalPurchasing. The guide is a tool toassist purchasers' to incorporateenvironmental considerations into theprocurement process. The documentdescribes a number of methods fordoing this, one of which is theapplication of environmental criteria totarget product categories.

n Green Products and Services - Thismenu includes green products andservices, and a number of directories ofproducts and services from variousorganizations. Links to supplier webpages are featured as well as lists fromorganizations such as EnvironmentalChoice, EcoMall and EcoExpo.

n Guidelines, Standards, andCertification Services - A number ofindependent third party organizationsdevelop standards and guidelines forgreen products and services. Includedin this menu are links to nationalprograms such as EnvironmentalChoice and Green Seal, as well asspecific programs such as Energy Starand Power Smart.

n What’s New - News on greenprocurement will appear here, and willbe updated on a regular basis.

n Join Buy Green - This page is a sharedresource created with special fundingfrom Environment Canada. It ismaintained by volunteers.

iisd.ca/business/gprocurement.htmHosted by the International Institute forSustainable Development (IISD). This siteis designed to encourage business people todevelop a vision of a sustainable company,translate that vision into a managementaction plan and turn sustainability into acompetitive advantage. Provides a GreenProcurement Tool Kit, developed byManitoba Green Procurement Inc.

www.environmentalchoice.comThe Environmental Choice Program website. This site is an excellent source forinformation on certified environmentalproducts and services.

www.greenseal.orgThis site includes the Green Seal programstandards and certified product database.

oee.nrcan.gc.ca/energuideWeb site for the Canadian energy efficiencyand consumption labelling program,EnerGuide. This site includes informationon EnerGuide programs.

Environmental Chapter 8 – Reference Materials

Purchasing Guide


www.energystar.govWeb site for the U.S. energy efficiency andconsumption labelling program, ENERGYSTAR. This site provides lists of ENERGYSTAR qualified products.

www.ec.gc.caThe Green Lane: Environment Canada’sWorld Wide Web site. This site containssignificant resources available on a widerange of environmental issues and topics.Visitors can use the search function toinvestigate green procurement resources andlinks.

www.epa.govThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agencywebsite. This site offers significantresources available on wide range ofenvironmental issues and topics.

www.iclei.orgThe International Council for LocalEnvironmental Initiatives (ICLEI), anassociation of local governments dedicatedto the prevention and solution of local,regional, and global environmental problemsthrough local action, hosts this site. Itprovides resources and links addressinglocal environmental action.

www.powerpartnerships.comBC Hydro website for businesses. This siteincludes information on increasing energyefficiency and associated programs.

www.environmental.detr.gov.uk/greening/greenpro/greenpro.htmThe Department of the Environment,Transport and the Regions (DETR) websitein the United Kingdom. This site providesresources and links to show buyers how toput environmental purchasing into practice.

Appendices EnvironmentalPurchasing Guide


Appendix A

Evolution of EnvironmentalProcurement PoliciesIn 1989 the Association of Canadian Citiesfor Environmentally Sound Strategies(ACCESS) adopted the following“Statement of Principles” which wasadopted as policy by numerousmunicipalities and other public affairs:

“That in order to increase thedevelopment and awareness ofEnvironmentally Sound Products alldepartments, in conjunction withPurchasing and Supply Staff review theircontracts and tender specifications forgoods and services, to ensure thatwherever possible and economical,specifications are amended to provide forexpanded use of products and servicesthat contain the maximum level of post-consumer waste and/or recyclablecontent, without significantly affectingthe intended use of the product or service,and that it is recognized that cost analysisis required in order to ensure that theproducts are made available atcompetitive prices.”

This was subsequently revised by ACCESSin 1997 in order to reflect changing realities:

“In order to increase the development andawareness of environmentally soundproducts and services, organizations, inconjunction with Purchasing and MaterialManagement staff, will review theircontracts and tender specifications forgoods and services, to ensure thatwherever possible and economicallyfeasible, specifications are amended toprovide for consideration ofenvironmental characteristics.Consideration may be given to thoseenvironmental products that are certifiedby and independent accreditedorganization.

The organization as a whole willendeavour to increase its use of productsand services that are responsible to theenvironment in the way that they aremade, used, transported, stored, packagedand disposed of. It is recognized thatanalysis is required in order to ensure thatthe products are made available atcompetitive prices, and that theenvironmental benefits provided by aproduct or service should not significantlyaffect the intended use of that product orservice.”

(Revised and Adopted June 9, 1997)

Again, changes are being completed and it isexpected that ACCESS will revise its“Statement of Principle” in 2000 as follows:

Revised Environmentally ResponsibleProcurement Policy

“That in order to increase thedevelopment and awareness ofenvironmentally sound purchasing,acquisitions of goods and services willensure that wherever possiblespecifications are amended to provide forthe expanded use of environmentallypreferred products such as: durableproducts, reusable products, energyefficient products, low pollution products,products (including those used inservices) that contain the maximum levelof post-consumer waste and/or recyclablecontent, and products that provideminimal impact to the environment.”

An environmentally preferred product isone that is less harmful to theenvironment than the next best alternativehaving characteristics including, but notlimited to the following:

Environmental Appendices

Purchasing Guide


n Reduce waste and make efficient useof resources: An EPP would be aproduct that is more energy, fuel, orwater efficient, or that uses lesspaper, ink, or other resources. Forexample, energy-efficient lighting,and photocopiers capable of double-sided photocopying

n Are reusable or contain reusableparts: These are products such asrechargeable batteries, reusablebuilding partitions, and laser printerswith refillable toner cartridges

n Are recyclable: A product will beconsidered to be an EPP if localfacilities exist capable of recyclingthe product at the end of its usefullife

n Contain recycled materials: An EPPcontains post-consumer recycledcontent. An example is paperproducts made from recycled post-consumer fibre

n Produce fewer polluting by-productsand/or safety hazards duringmanufacture, use or disposal: AnEPP product would be a non-hazardous product that replaces ahazardous product

n Have a long service-life and/or canbe economically and effectivelyrepaired or upgraded.

It is recognized that cost analysis isrequired in order to ensure that theproducts are made available atcompetitive prices, and that theenvironmental benefits provided by aproduct or service does not undermine itsoverall performance.

Given the environmental and economicimportance of infrastructure,environmentally responsible procurementprinciples should be applied toconstruction design, processes, tenderingand materials.

Given that many environmentallypreferred products and service was canproduce a variety of tangible benefits, fullconsideration should be given to the long-term and complete costs and benefits ofenvironmentally responsible procurement.

Tender and RFP clauses are written toreflect this policy.

Prepared by Bob Lalonde, GVRD, May2000.



Appendix B

Five Guiding Principles ofEnvironmental PurchasingThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) has developed five guiding principlesto provide purchasers with broad guidancefor undertaking environmentally preferablepurchasing. While the applicability of theseprinciples will vary depending on manyfactors including the type and complexity ofthe product or service being purchased andthe dollar amount of the purchase, theprinciples capture the key points to considerin pursuing environmental purchasing.

In presenting these guidelines the EPAacknowledges that personnel must exercisetheir professional judgement and commonsense, whether assessing a product orservice’s performance, cost, or availability.In addition, personnel are reminded to usereasonable discretion about the level ofanalysis needed to determine environmentalpreferability. For example, life cycleassessment is likely not required to purchasea box of rubber bands. On the other hand,large-volume or systems acquisitions, or forcomplex products, such assessments may beappropriate, might already be required ormay already be available.

EPA’s Guiding Principles ofEnvironmentally Preferable Purchasing

Guiding Principle One:

n Environment + Price + Performance =Environmentally Preferable Purchasing

Environmental considerations shouldbecome part of normal purchasing practice,consistent with such traditional factors asproduct safety, price, performance, andavailability.

Guiding Principle Two:

n Pollution Prevention

Consideration of environmental preferabilityshould begin early in the acquisition processand be rooted in the ethic of pollutionprevention, which strives to eliminate orreduce, up-front, potential risks to humanhealth and the environment.

Guiding Principle Three:

n Life Cycle Perspective/MultipleAttributes

A product or service's environmentalpreferability is a function of multipleattributes from a life cycle perspective.

Guiding Principle Four:

n Comparison of Environmental Impacts

Determining environmental preferabilitymight involve comparing impacts. Incomparing environmental impacts, Federalagencies should consider: the reversibilityand geographic scale of the environmentalimpacts, the degree of difference amongcompeting products or services, and theoverriding importance of protecting humanhealth.

Guiding Principle Five:

n Environmental PerformanceInformation

Comprehensive, accurate, and meaningfulinformation about the environmentalperformance of products or services isnecessary in order to determineenvironmental preferability.

Environmental Appendices

Purchasing Guide


For in-depth descriptions and application ofthe Guiding Principles visit the EPA websiteat www.epa.gov/opptintr/epp/guide2.htm.



Appendix C

GVRD Specification ResourcesSection 5.8 of this guide introduced theissues around” Construction, Renovation,Demolition”, and an example of typicalspecifications from King County wasoutlined. The GVRD has also prepared thefollowing Master Specifications which form2 sections of Appendix C.

GVRD - Project Waste ManagementMaster SpecificationThe document outlines minimumrequirement for recycling and wastemanagement on construction and demolitionsites. The specification provides projectmanagers with guidance on how to establishand manage effective recycling programs onproject sites.

Additional or electronic copies of thedocument are available for order on theGreater Vancouver Regional Districtwebsite www.gvrd.bc.ca keywords: solidwaste & recycling, job site recycling. Thedocument may be “read only” athttp://www.gvrd.bc.ca/services/garbage/jobsite/projspec.pdf.

GVRD - Building Deconstruction MasterSpecificationThe Specification details the planning andimplementation of building deconstructionprojects for maximum salvage and recyclingof building materials. Deconstructionprocedures including material identification,removal, preparation and storage aredescribed along with regulatory (hazardouswaste) and site protection (health & safety)requirements.

Additional or electronic copies of thedocument are available for order on theGreater Vancouver Regional Districtwebsite www.gvrd.bc.ca keywords: solidwaste & recycling, job site recycling.

GVRD Directory of Resource EfficientBuilding ProductsAlso included as the final section ofAppendix C is the 2nd edition of the GVRD“Directory of Resource Efficient BuildingProducts” provided in CD format. This diskprovides information on 149 ‘green’building products readily available in theLower Mainland. The products listed in theDirectory are made from salvaged materials,have recycled content, are engineered, orconserve water. Free copies are availablefrom the GVRD. Call 436-6788.

http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/services/garbage/jobs

PROJECT WASTE MANAGEMENTMASTER SPECIFICATION

April 7, 1998

DISCLAIMER: THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WORKERS AND THE PUBLIC ARE THE FIRST PRIORITY IN ANY CONSTRUCTION OR DEMOLITION

PROJECT. PROJECT OWNERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPLYING WITH ALL APPLICABLE CODES AND STATUTORY OR REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS.

THIS SPECIFICATION IS NOT INTENDED TO CONSTITUTE OR RENDER ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURAL, LEGAL OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

OR ADVICE NOR SHOULD IT BE A SUBSTITUTE FOR SUCH SERVICES OR ADVICE FROM AN EXPERIENCED PROFESSIONAL DIRECTED TO THE SPECIFIC

DESIGN SITUATION. WHILE THE INFORMATION IN THE SPECIFICATION IS BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE, THE GVRD SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR

DAMAGES ARISING FROM ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN THIS SPECIFICATION.

WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT WASTE MANAGEMENTMASTER SPECIFICATION PAGE 1

APRIL 7, 1998

PROJECT WASTE MANAGEMENT

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 WASTE MANAGEMENT GOALS FOR THE PROJECT

.1 The Owner has established that this Project shall generate the least amount of waste possible andthat processes shall be employed that ensure the generation of as little waste as possible includingprevention of damage due to mishandling, improper storage, contamination, inadequateprotection or other factors as well as minimizing over packaging and poor quantity estimating,

.2 Of the inevitable waste that is generated, the waste materials designated in this specification shallbe salvaged for reuse and or recycling. Waste disposal in landfills or incinerators shall beminimized. On new construction projects this means careful recycling of job site waste, ondemolition projects this also means careful removal for salvage.

.3 All waste going to disposal must be disposed of at a facility which comply with the requirementsof the “Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District Municipal Solid Waste andRecyclable Material Regulatory Bylaw No. 181, 1996 as amended by Bylaw 183, 1996.”

Edit to suit project

Note to the Specifier

Definitions for the purpose of this specification. The following definitions apply:

.a Demolition: Rapid destruction of a building with or without prior removal of hazardousmaterials.

.b Recycle: any process by which waste and recyclable materials are transformed, orcollected for the purpose of being transformed, into new products or raw materials.

.c Reduce: decreasing the volume, weight or toxicity of materials entering the wastestream, including activities which result in greater ease or efficiency of reuse of aproduct.

.d Reuse: repeated use of a product in the same form but not necessarily for the samepurpose.

.e Salvage: removal of structural and non-structural building materials from residential,industrial, commercial and institutional buildings demolition projects for the purpose ofreuse or recycling.

1.2 CODE OF PRACTICE

.1 In addition to other requirements specified herein it is a requirement for the Work of this projectthat the Contractor comply with the GVRD’s “3Rs Code of Practice for the Building Industry.”Refer also to “Job Site Recycling: A Guide for Builders and Developers” and “Demolition &Salvage: A Guide for Developers and Renovators.” All documents are available from the GVRD,Policy and Planning Department, Telephone: 437-GVRD(4873). Website address:www.gvrd.bc.ca/services/garbage/index.html.


APRIL 7, 1998

1.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Edit to Suit Project

.1 Waste Management Plan: Within 10 calendar days after receipt of Notice of Award of Contract,or prior to any waste removal, whichever occurs sooner, the Contractor shall submit to the Ownerand Consultant a Waste Management Plan. Attached is a sample format together with samplewaste generation rates to aid the Contractor in formulating the Plan. The Contractor may use thisform or provide a custom form containing the same information. The Plan shall contain thefollowing:

.1 Analysis of the proposed job site waste to be generated, including the types of recyclableand waste materials generated (by volume or weight). In the case of demolition, a list ofeach item proposed to be salvaged during the course of the project should also beprepared (Refer to the directories of hauling services, demolition and salvage contractorsavailable from the GVRD, Policy & Planning Department. These lists are not necessarilycomplete. The Contractor may use any of these or other service providers).

.2 Alternatives to Land filling: Contractor shall designate responsibility for preparing a listof each material proposed to be salvaged, reused, or recycled during the course of theProject (Refer to the directories of service providers).

.3 List of compulsory materials to be recycled, shall include, at minimum, the followingdesignated materials:

.1 Old corrugated cardboard.

.2 Clean dimensional wood, palette wood.

.3 Concrete/Brick/Concrete Block/Asphalt.

.4 Scrap Metal.

.5 Drywall.

.6 Landclearing debris.

.4 List of optional materials to be salvaged (demolition projects only)

.1 Dimensioned Lumber and Heavy Timbers.

.2 Wood siding.

.3 Structural Steel.

.4 Wood Paneling, molding, trim and Wainscoting.

.5 Heritage architectural elements such as mantle pieces, columns, etc.

.6 Cabinets and casework.

.7 Insulation.


APRIL 7, 1998

.8 Brick and block.

.9 Electric Equipment and Light Fixtures.

.10 Plumbing fixtures and brass.

.11 Windows, doors and frames.

.12 Hardwood flooring.

.2 Meetings: Contractor shall conduct Project Waste Management meetings. Meetings shallinclude subcontractors affected by the Waste Management Plan. At a minimum, wastemanagement goals and issues shall be discussed at the following meetings:

.1 Pre-bid meeting.

.2 Pre-construction meeting.

.3 Regular job-site meetings.

.3 Materials Handling Procedures: prevent contamination of materials to be recycled and salvagedand handle materials consistent with requirements for acceptance by designated facilities. Wherespace permits, source separation is recommended. Where materials must be commingled theymust be taken to a processing facility for separation off site.

.4 Transportation: The Contractor may engage a hauling subcontractor or self haul or make eachsubcontractor responsible for their own waste. In any case compliance with these requirements ismandatory.

.5 The contractor is required to maintain way-bills, invoices and other documentation confirmingthat all materials have been hauled to the required locations, and to submit this documentation atthe completion of the project if requested by the Owner.

.6 Waste Management Plan Implementation:

Edit to Suit Project

.1 Manager: The Contractor shall designate an on-site party (or parties) responsible forinstructing workers and overseeing and recording results of the Waste Management Planfor the project.

.2 Distribution: The Contractor shall distribute copies of the Waste Management Plan to theJob Site Foreman, each Subcontractor, the Consultant and the Owner.

.3 Instruction: The Contractor shall provide on-site instruction of appropriate separation,handling, and recycling to be used by all parties at the appropriate stages of the Project.On demolition projects the Contractor shall provide on-site instructions for salvage andrequirements for reusing salvaged materials within the project, either in new constructionor in a renovation.


APRIL 7, 1998

.4 Separation facilities: The Contractor shall lay out and label a specific area to facilitateseparation of materials for recycling and salvage. Recycling and waste bin areas are to bekept neat and clean and clearly marked in order to avoid contamination of materials. Therequirement for separation will only be waived if the Contractor can demonstrate to theOwner/Consultant that there is insufficient room to accommodate it. If this is the case thematerials must be sent to a processing facility for separation off site.

.5 Hazardous wastes: Hazardous wastes shall be separated, stored, and disposed of inaccordance with the requirements of the authorities having jurisdiction including theProvincial Waste Management Act and B.C. Special Waste Regulation.

.6 Project Waste Summary: The Contractor shall submit with the final Application forPayment a summary of waste materials recycled, salvaged, and disposed of by the Projectusing the form appended to this specification or a form generated by the Contractorcontaining the same information. Submitted with this form will be documentation(receipts/scale tickets/waybills) showing the quantities and types of materials divertedand disposed. Failure to submit this information will render the application incompleteand will result in hold back of the final payment. The Summary shall contain thefollowing information:

a. For each material recycled and salvaged from the Project, include the amount (incubic yards or tonnes or in the case of salvaged items state quantities by number,type and size of items) and the destination (i.e. recycling facility, used buildingmaterials yard). For each material land filled or incinerated from the Project,include the amount (in cubic yards or tonnes) of material and the identity of thelandfill, incinerator and/or transfer station.

Construction ProjectsWaste Generation Rates

Residential/CommercialHigh-rise

Construction

InstitutionalLow-rise

Construction

CommercialLow-rise

Construction

ResidentialLow-rise

ConstructionMaterial cu.yd./

1,000 sq.ft.tonnes/

1,000 sq.ft.cu.yd./

1,000 sq.ft.tonnes/

1,000 sq.ft.cu.yd./

1,000 sq.ft.tonnes/

1,000 sq.ft.cu.yd./

1,000 sq.ft.tonnes/

1,000 sq.ft.

wood 3.3 0.40 7.0 0.86 5.6 0.68 6.0 0.73

drywall 3.6 0.92 0.9 0.22 0.2 0.05 1.1 0.27

metal 0.2 0.09 0.4 0.21 -- -- -- --

concrete/asphalt

1.7 1.79 0.7 0.99 -- -- 0.04 0.05

corrugatedcardboard

-- -- -- -- 7.1 0.14 2.4 0.05

other 5.6 1.54 0.2 0.54 1.0 0.27 0.5 0.14

Total 14.4 4.74 9.2 2.82 13.9 1.14 10.04 1.24

Explanatory note:

Waste generation rates vary depending on project type and size, subtrade efficiency, accurate material estimation,on-site materials storage procedures and product packaging.

Estimate the volumes or quantities of materials generated on the site by multiplying the floor area of your project withthe generation rates listed for the different materials.

Waste Management PlanConstruction & Demolition Projects

Name of Company Contact Person Telephone No.

Project Site/Location Project Type o Construction o Demolition

Project Size (in square feet)

Pre-Project Project Summary

For Period: to

Material Estimated Generation Recycled/Salvaged/Disposed Facility

Total

Signature Title Date

Explanatory note:

Column 1 - “Material” -- enter waste materials requiring disposalColumn 2 - “Estimated Generation” -- enter estimated volumes (cu.yd.) or quantities (metric tonnes) of waste materials

generatedColumn 3 - “Disposed” -- enter volumes (cu.yd.) or quantities (metric tonnes) of materials disposedColumn 4 - “Facility” – enter end-destination of disposed materials.

BUILDINGDECONSTRUCTION

MASTER SPECIFICATION

FEBRUARY 21, 2001

DISCLAIMER: THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WORKERS AND THE PUBLIC ARE THE FIRST PRIORITY IN ANY CONSTRUCTION OR DECONSTRUCTION

PROJECT. PROJECT OWNERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPLYING WITH ALL APPLICABLE CODES AND STATUTORY OR REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS.

THIS SPECIFICATION IS NOT INTENDED TO CONSTITUTE OR RENDER ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURAL, LEGAL OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

OR ADVICE OR SHOULD IT BE A SUBSTITUTE FOR SUCH SERVICES OR ADVICE FROM AN EXPERIENCE PROFESSIONAL DIRECTED TO THE SPECIFIC

DESIGN SITUATION. WHILE THE INFORMATION IN THE SPECIFICATION IS BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE, THE GVRD SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR

DAMAGES ARISING FROM ERRORS OR OMISSIONS IN THIS SPECIFICATION.

SECTION 02050DECONSTRUCTION DECONSTRUCTIONMASTER SPECIFICATION PAGE 1

SECTION 02050 - DECONSTRUCTION

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 WASTE MANAGEMENT GOALS FOR THE PROJECT

Edit to suit project .1 The Owner has established that deconstruction for this Project, completeor partial in the case of renovations, shall be carried out in such a way as to salvage for reuse andrecycling the largest amount of material possible. Processes shall be employed that ensure theprevention of damage to these materials due to mishandling, improper storage, contamination,inadequate protection or other factors.

.2 The work of this section shall be performed in conjunction with Section 01505 Project WasteManagement (GVRD Master Specification).

Note to Specifier:

The options for reuse of salvaged materials include:

§ Reuse by Owner on this site.

§ Reuse by Owner on another site.

§ Resale by Contractor on or off site.

1.2 SECTION INCLUDES

.1 Preparation and protection of materials to be salvaged.

.2 Dismantling of designated items and materials.

.3 Storage of salvaged items and materials.

.4 Distribution and removal from site of salvaged items and materials.

1.3 RELATED SECTIONS

Edit to suit project

Note to Specifier

A list of salvageable and recyclable items and details of deconstruction by product/materials isappended to this specification. Refer to Handling and Storage Procedures. Refer also to the“Demolition and Salvage: A Guide for Developers & Renovators” and “Old to New DesignGuide Salvaged Materials in New Construction” available from GVRD Policy and PlanningDepartment. Telephone: 437-GVRD(4873),Website: www.gvrd.bc.ca/services/garbage/index.html.


Definitions for the purpose of this specification. The following definitions apply:

.a Demolition: Rapid destruction of a building with or without prior removal of hazardousmaterials.

.b Deconstruction: Taking a building apart in a manner that achieves safe removal anddisposal of hazardous materials and maximum salvage and recycling of materials.

.c Reuse: repeated use of a product in the same form but not necessarily for the samepurpose.

.d Salvage: removal of structural and non-structural building materials from residential,industrial, commercial and institutional buildings deconstruction projects for the purposeof reuse or recycling.

.e Recycle: Any process by which waste and recyclable materials are transformed orcollected for the purpose of being transferred into new products.

1.4 QUALIFICATIONS

.1 Salvage or Demolition Firm: Company(ies) experienced and specializing in performing the Workof this Section with documented experience in similar types of deconstruction work.

.2 Qualifications of Workers: Provide a Supervisor who shall be present at all times during thedeconstruction work and who shall be thoroughly familiar with the work required and who shalldirect all work. Provide one (1) person on site who is responsible for maintaining the safetybarriers and protection of the workers and the public.

1.5 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

.1 Conform to applicable codes and regulations for deconstruction of buildings, safety of adjacentstructures, dust control, and disposal and removal of common and hazardous waste. Refer also toArticle 1.6 of this section.

.2 Codes and Regulations: Complete all deconstruction work according to the requirements ofMunicipal Building By-laws, the Provincial Workers’ Compensation Board Regulations, BCWaste Management Act and Special Waste Regulation, and the Canadian Construction SafetyCode.

.3 Obtain required permits from authorities having jurisdiction.

.4 Notify the Owner and affected utility companies before starting Work, and comply with theirrequirements.

.5 Do not close or obstruct safety exits, adjacent sidewalks, hydrants, parking or storage areaswithout prior approval of Owner.

.6 Conform to applicable regulatory procedures when discovering hazardous or contaminatedmaterials not documented prior to this Contract.


.7 Licensed facilities: Only those brokerage, storage, transfer and disposal facilities which complywith the requirements of the “Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District MunicipalSolid Waste and Recyclable Material Regulatory Bylaw No. 181, 1996 as amended by Bylaw183, 1996” and those licensed by other jurisdictions shall be used by the Contractor for therecycling and disposal of waste materials generated at deconstruction and renovation projects.

Note to Specifier: For a listing of licensed facilities, contact the GVRD Solid Waste Regulatory programat 436-6802.

1.6 EXISTING CONDITIONS

.1 The Contractor shall accept the site as it exists and will be responsible for all deconstruction workas required.

.2 The Contractor shall visit the site at his own expense prior to the submission of tenders and musttake whatever time is required to ascertain existing site conditions and surrounding featuresrelated to the proposed deconstruction, and ensure himself that conditions are suitable forexecution of the work.

.3 Where non-visible (ie. concealed by other materials) conditions upon exposure, are revealed to beother than those indicated in the Contract Documents, the Contractor shall immediately informthe Consultant, should such variance of conditions result in a contemplated change to the cost ofthe work. Should an alternate method of deconstruction or change of materials be appropriate,the Consultant shall immediately give his decision before the Work proceeds.

Note to Specifier: Edit depending on hazardous waste is included.

.4 If during the course of deconstruction Work, the Contractor observes or suspects the existence ofhazardous materials in areas of the structure or components of the buildings not previously noted,the Contractor shall immediately stop Work in the immediate area and notify the Owner;

Note to Specifier: Choose either .a or .b.

.a who will, under separate contract, remove or encapsulate the hazardous materials.

.b and remove hazardous materials in a manner consistent with the Occupational Health &Safety Regulation, General Hazard Requirements of the Workers’ Compensation Boardof the Province having jurisdiction, and other applicable regulations.

.5 Handle and dispose of all hazardous and banned materials in accordance with the Special WasteRegulation, and Regional and Municipal regulations. These hazardous and banned materialsinclude but are not limited to asbestos, drywall (banned from disposal), underground storagetanks, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), abandoned chemicals (gasoline, pesticides, herbicides,flammable and combustible substances), freon from cooling equipment, lead-based paints, smokedetectors, and mercury containing switches.

Note to Specifier: Delete the following clause if the project involves complete deconstruction of thebuilding.


.6 Prior to start of work arrange for a site visit together with Consultant, to examine existing exteriorand interior site conditions adjacent to deconstruction and new construction work. TheContractor at his expense shall be responsible for taking pictures of any existing damage andrecord same in writing to avoid any disputes at a later date.

1.7 DECONSTRUCTION PLANNING

.1 Pre-demolition Audit

.a Contractor to provide Owner with an inventory of quantities of materials to be salvaged,recycled or disposed of. Materials shall be quantified using industry standard units ofmeasurement of each item, as noted in the attached sample Deconstruction MaterialAudit form or on a Contractor generated form containing the same information.

.b The primary objective of a pre-demolition audit is to determine the quantities of reusableand recyclable building materials and quantities of materials to be disposed of.

.2 Contractor to provide owner with a Deconstruction Plan which shall include:

.a Quantities for materials to be salvaged for reuse, recycled and sent for disposal.

.b Destination of materials listed in .a above.

.c Deconstruction methodology and sequencing.

.d Schedule for deconstruction.

.e Location, security and protection of storage areas (if materials are to be stored on site).

.f Details on materials handling and removal procedures on project sites with spaceconstraints.

1.8 MATERIAL HANDLING

.1 Materials Handling Procedures: Prevent contamination of materials to be salvaged and handlematerials consistent with requirements for acceptance by designated facilities. Refer to GVRDWaste Management Master Specification, Section 01505 Project Waste Management.

Note to Specifier: Where Section 01505 Project Waste Management is not used substitute the following:

.1 Materials Handling Procedures: Prevent contamination of materials to be salvaged and recycledand handle materials consistent with requirements for acceptance by designated facilities. Wherespace permits, source separation is recommended. Where materials must be co-mingled theymust be taken to a processing facility for separation off site.

.2 Materials to be salvaged shall be handled in the same manner as for similar new materials.

1.9 SUBMITTALS

.1 Submit pre-demolition audit and deconstruction plan prior to start of work.


.2 Project Waste Summary: The Contractor shall submit with the final Application for Payment asummary of waste materials salvaged, recycled and disposed of by the Project using theDeconstruction Material Audit form appended to this specification or a form generated by theContractor containing the same information. Submitted with this form will be documentation(receipts/scale tickets/waybills) showing the quantities and types of materials diverted anddisposed. Failure to submit this information will render the application incomplete and will resultin hold back of the final payment. The Summary shall contain the following information:

a. For each material salvaged and recycled from the Project, include the amount (in cubicyards or tonnes or in the case of salvaged items state quantities by number, type and sizeof items) and the destination (i.e. recycling facility or used building materials yard). Foreach material land filled or incinerated from the Project, include the amount (in cubicyards or tonnes) of material and the identity of the landfill, incinerator and/or transferstation.

1.10 COORDINATION AND COOPERATION

.1 The Contractor shall take every common and reasonable precaution to avoid damage andminimize interruption to adjacent property and services. All costs associated with making goodany damage and/or providing temporary service or protection shall be borne by the Contractor.

Note to Specifier: The following applies only to renovation (partial deconstruction) projects.

.2 Cooperate and coordinate with the work of other related trades on which the work of this sectiondepends, in order that the work may proceed in an orderly and timely basis in accordance with theContractor's schedule and to avoid duplication of costs and work.

.3 Obtain written permission from Owner when deconstruction equipment will traverse, infringeupon, or limit access to other areas of the facility.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

§ not applicable

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 PREPARATION

.1 Mark location of all utilities available in the Lower Mainland – Contact “B.C. Gas LineLocation” at1-800-474-6886 (this service will initiate information to each of the following groups:B.C. Gas, Shaw Cable, Telus and municipality in which the project is located) to receive servicedetails and on site consultation.

.2 Shut-off, disconnect, cap-off and seal all plumbing, mechanical, and electrical services, inaccordance with the requirements of the authorities having jurisdiction, before startingdeconstruction.

.3 Clearly mark location of all salvaged material’s storage areas as indicated on the DeconstructionPlan and provide and erect barriers and security devices as required.


3.2 PROTECTION

Note to Specifier: The following clauses should be edited to suit renovation or complete deconstructionprojects.

.1 Conduct operations with minimum interference to public or private accesses. Maintain protectedegress and access at all times.

.2 Cease operations immediately if adjacent structures appear to be in danger. Notify Owner. Donot resume operations until directed by Owner.

.3 Provide and maintain all legal and necessary guards, railings and warning signs during theexecution of the work to fully protect all persons and Owner from loss, damage, death or injurythrough the neglect, carelessness or incompetence of the Contractor or his employees or thecondition or handling of equipment.

.4 It is the Contractor’s responsibility to ensure that the methods and equipment used to deconstructthe various areas do not exceed the safe loading capacity of the structure or cause unnecessarydamage to sections of the structure which will form part of the finished work. Engage theservices of a Professional Engineer registered in the Province of British Columbia as necessary toensure the safe deconstruction of the work.

.5 The Contractor shall assume full responsibility for the design and adequacy of any temporaryshoring and/or bracing required during deconstruction. Include all necessary signs, barricadesand screens as required for the safety of the structure, third parties and workmen.

.6 Protect site improvements such as sidewalks, curbs, existing landscaped and asphalt areas, and allinterior finishes that lie along the path of removal.

.7 Prevent debris from blocking items including, but not limited to, surface drainage inlets andsystems, elevators, mechanical and electrical systems which must remain in operation.

.8 Prevent overloading of any part of the building. Do not cut, drill or otherwise sleeve anystructural member, slab or demising wall, without written approval of the Consultant.

.9 Provide temporary connections for emergency lighting, lighting, sprinklers and fire alarms aswork proceeds.

.10 Protect existing structures, equipment and machinery which are not to be dismantled or salvaged.

.11 Protect existing fixtures and services during the work. Any fixtures that need to be removed tocomplete the work shall be removed carefully and stored by the Contractor. The Contractor shallclean and have items reinstalled as noted, required or as directed.

.12 Provide temporary enclosures for securing off of work and the maintenance of any servicesnecessary to the proper and efficient operation of the project.

.13 Where applicable the Contractor shall separate the work being done in existing buildings from theremainder of the building by using solid hoardings and dustproof screens.


.14 Where work is confined inside a room the room door shall be temporarily weatherstripped toprevent dust from leaving the room. Existing fixtures and furniture shall be protected with tarpsor solid hoarding.

.15 Air supply and return ducts and chases shall be securely sealed or temporary filters installed toprevent migration of dust and noise through the air system.

.16 All safety exits must be maintained throughout the duration of this work. This shall include theprovision of temporary exit stairs supplied and engineered by the Contractor, as indicated on thedrawings.

3.3 DISMANTLING AND SALVAGE REQUIREMENTS

.1 Remove and store materials to be salvaged, in a manner to prevent damage. Store and protect inaccordance with requirements for maximum preservation of material. Handle all salvagedmaterials as for new materials.

Note to Specifier: For details on salvage and storage requirements for selected materials, refer toHandling and Storage Procedures appended to this specification.

.2 Materials that cannot be salvaged for reuse shall be source separated for recycling includingwood, metal, concrete and asphalt. Refer to the Project Waste Management (GVRD MasterSpecification) for detailed recycling procedures.

.3 Remove materials that cannot be salvaged or recycled and dispose of in accordance withapplicable codes at licensed facilities.

.4 Do not bury materials on site unless it can be processed for use as fill, is authorized by the Ownerand meets all applicable Provincial, Regional and Municipal codes and policies.

.5 Remove trees and shrubs suitable for reuse and store on site appropriately to prevent damagewhere designated for reuse.

.6 Ensure that before and during deconstruction the structure is protected from damage until thatpart of the structure is ready to be deconstructed.

Notes to Specifier: The following are examples of additional clauses suitable for renovation (partialdeconstruction). Edit to suit.

.7 Deconstruct parts of existing building as shown on drawings and in accordance with submittedDeconstruction Plan. Include removal or removal and relocation of equipment, fixtures, andservices as indicated.

.8 Where existing materials are to be re-used in the work, use special care in removal, handling,storage and re-installation to assure proper function in the completed Work. Reinstallation shallbe performed by trades people skilled in that particular type of work.

.9 Wherever and whenever the Contractor removes more material than required, directed orintended to be removed as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Consultant, thereplacement of that amount of material will be at the Contractor's expense. Unnecessary damageto parts of the structure forming part of the completed work shall be repaired by the Contractor atthe Contractor's expense.


.10 Remove existing millwork fixtures, services, and building components where required forrefinishing, altering or make good of existing surfaces, and replace same as work progresses.

.11 Where applicable, at locations where reinforcing bars have been cut during deconstruction, markends with flag tape and then paint ends of bars with a highly visible colour zinc-rich paint,Galvicon or pre-approved alternate.

3.4 STORAGE OF SALVAGED MATERIALS

.1 Salvaged materials shall be stored in the same manner as for similar new materials.

.2 Provide security and protective measures to protect the salvaged material from mishandling, theft,vandalism and fire.

.3 All materials produced during the dismantling of these structures will be separated and stored inareas to be designated by the Owner. Refer also to the Pre-demolition Audit and DeconstructionPlan.

3.5 DISTRIBUTION AND REMOVAL OF SALVAGED ITEMS AND MATERIALS

.1 Remove materials from deconstruction promptly as the work progresses. Materials may be soldat the site provided that this can be accomplished with safety and meets all applicable codes andBy-laws.

.2 The Contractor will prepare a project summary to verify the destination, quantities andvalues/costs on a material-by-material basis as identified in the Pre-demolition Material Audit.Refer to Article 1.9 Submittals.

END OF SECTION 02050

Deconstruction Material AuditName of Company Contact Person Telephone No.

Project Site/Location Project Type o Complete Deconstruction o Partial Deconstruction

Estimated Time for Completion

Building Construction o Combustible o Combination (specify) o Noncombustible

Building Type o Residential o Commercial/Industrial

Total Square Footage

Pre-Demolition Audit Project Summary

For Period: toMaterial Estimated Generation Salvaged Recycled Disposed Facility Remarks/Comments

Signature Title Date

Explanatory note:

Column 1 - “Material” – enter materials targeted for salvage, recycling, and/or disposalColumn 2 - “Estimated Generation” – enter the estimated volumes, quantities, or number of salvageable, recyclable, and waste materials generated (e.g., cu. yd. tonnes, bd. ft.)Column 3 - “Salvaged” – enter the volumes, quantities, or number of materials salvaged (e.g., cu. yd. tonnes, bd. ft.)Column 5 - “Recycled” – enter the volumes or quantities of materials recycled (e.g., cu. yd. tonnes, bd. ft.)Column 6 - “Disposed” – enter the volumes or quantities of materials disposed (e.g., cu. yd. tonnes, bd. ft.)Column 7 - “Facility” – enter the end-destination of salvaged, recycled, and disposed materialsColumn 8 - “Remarks/Comments” – enter any additional comments or details as required

Handling & Storage Procedures

Item or Material by Division Suggested Action

02 SITEWORK

Asphalt Paving Salvageable - reuse for temporary road construction

Chain Link FencingSalvageable - roll up chain link and cut off posts to maximum lengthallowable - all accessories (tops, clamps, bolts, straps, etc.) should be kepttogether in a container

Wood Fencing Salvageable - if possible, dismantle in sections for easy re-erection - cutposts off at ground level

03 CONCRETE

Cast-in-place Concrete Recyclable - typically too large for salvage and reusePrecast Concrete Recyclable - typically too large for salvage and reuse

04 MASONRY

Concrete Block Salvageable - if not concrete filled - recyclable if filled with concretePaving Stones Salvageable - stack and palletize for easy removalBrick Salvageable - if set with lime-based mortar - recyclable if set with concreteDecorative Concrete Block Salvageable - if not concrete filled - recyclable if filled with concrete

05 METALS

Reinforcing Steel (rebar) Recyclable - usually imbedded in concrete, therefore not reusableSteel Flashing Recyclable - usually not in suitable condition for reuse

Interior Metal Wall Studs Recyclable - usually too time-consuming to save in suitable condition forreuse, therefore not cost effective

Structural Steel Salvageable - includes I-Beams, H-Beams, Square Tubing, Pipe, andChanel Iron - ensure care is taken to keep straight - separate by size

Cast Iron Recyclable - usually too old and brittle for reuse

Copper Recyclable - rarely salvageable due to the possibility of damage whilesalvaging

Aluminum Soffit Recyclable - usually not in suitable condition for reuse

Misc. Steel

Salvageable - includes Pipe, Q-decking, Square-tubing, and Wilson joists -prior to reuse must determine the item’s structural ability to meet currentBuilding Code - recyclable if item is bent or structural ability iscompromised

06 WOOD & PLASTICS

Regular Wood Framing

Salvageable - all lumber should be slated, stacked and banded accordingto dimension and lengths - stacks should be kept uniform (ensure piles fit inaccordance with truck deck, 2 piles side by side - each pile a maximumwidth of 4’ each including dunnage, height of piles should be kept to 3’ to 4’maximum)

Pressure Treated Wood Framing Salvageable - same as regular wood framing

Regular Plywood Sheathing

Salvageable - stack in piles keeping full sheets together and partial sheetstogether in lots of 50 pieces - separate by ¼”, ½”, ¾” etc. - recommendstacking nail side to nail side - materials should be kept dry by coveringwith plastic sheeting (which also allows for air flow)

Pressure Treated Plywood Sheathing Salvageable - same as regular plywood sheathing

Laminated Beams

Salvageable - beams should be kept dry by covering with plastic sheeting(which also allows for air flow) - beams should be supported in such amanner as to keep them straight and should be slated to allow air flowwhen stacked

Wood Truss Joists Salvageable - joists should be supported in such a manner as to keepthem straight and should be slated to allow air flow when stacked

Heavy Timbers/PostsSalvageable - all timber should be sorted according to dimension andlength - timber should be slated to allow air flow - all damaged ends shouldbe trimmed

Washroom Counters Salvageable - if fixtures are removed, counters can be stored vertically(like doors) - should be kept dry

Item or Material by Division Suggested Action07 THERMAL & MOISTURE

PROTECTIONRoofing Gravel Salvageable - reusableFiberglass Bat Insulation Salvageable - prevent from getting wetRigid Fiberglass Insulation Salvageable - prevent from getting wetPlastic sheeting Rigid Insulation Salvageable - stack and band for easy transport

Copper Flashing Recyclable - usually too time-consuming to save in suitable condition forreuse, therefore not cost effective

Roof Drains, Metal Recyclable - usually too time-consuming to save in suitable condition forreuse, therefore not cost effective

08 DOORS & WINDOWS

Doors, MetalSalvageable - remove with full frame and hardware - apply a metal selftapping screw through the top of the door to hold it in the frame as a unit -label keys belonging to each door

Doors, WoodSalvageable - remove with full frame and hardware - nail the door throughthe frame to hold it from falling out of jam - label keys belonging to eachdoor

Bi-Fold Doors, Metal Salvageable - remove all hardware parts and attach to door (e.g. in plasticzip lock bags) - wrap track on edge of door with duct tape

Bi-Fold Doors, Wood Salvageable - remove all hardware parts and attach to door (e.g. in plasticzip lock bags) - screw track on edge of door

Overhead Doors

Salvageable - must be removed carefully (as doors have spring assembly)- all door hardware should be kept together - (hinges, screws, rollers,guides etc.) - door panels should be stacked face to face - track should bemarked left and right - note, it is very important to keep all parts

Patio Doors Salvageable - remove and stand vertically with drains to the bottom

Metal Sliding Doors Salvageable - dependent on size and condition of doors and hardware -recyclable otherwise if too large or not in suitable condition

Mechanical Closures Salvageable - dependent on age and physical conditionPanic Hardware Salvageable - keep all parts together (e.g. in plastic zip lock bags)

Pre-Finished Aluminum ThermalWindows

Salvageable - dependent on the size - smaller windows should always besalvaged but larger windows can be difficult to resell (especially iffixed/non-opening)

Metal Sash Windows Salvageable - if small but limited marketability - recyclable otherwise byremoving glass and recycling metal frame

Glass Panels Salvageable - limited marketability - store vertically or horizontally - ensurepanels are level or supported in order to prevent damage to the seal

Unframed Glass Mirrors Salvageable - store vertically on either a carpet, cardboard, or rubbersurface for protection - recommend storing face to face

Store Fronts Salvageable - best to be keep in one unit - store on A-frame rack and tieback

Skylights Salvageable - ensure that seal is not broken - store where not affected bywind

09 FINISHES

Carpet/Carpet Tiles Salvageable - if in very good condition

Terra Cotta Tile Salvageable - dependent on quantities available, since sometimes difficultto match if product is obsolete

Metal Base Board Recyclable - usually too time-consuming to save in suitable condition forreuse, therefore not cost effective

Wood Base Board Salvageable - remove, denail (if possible), stack face to face, and holdtogether with duct tape - keep sizes and lengths together (if possible)

Hardwood FlooringSalvageable - if tongue and groove flooring - remove, denail, stack face toface, and hold together with duct tape - keep lengths together (if possible) -thin strip flooring is not salvageable (i.e. too thin for refinishing)

Gypsum Panels Recyclable

Wood Paneling Salvageable - if in suitable condition (otherwise not cost effective) -recyclable otherwise (with clean wood)

Metal Suspension System Recyclable - usually too time-consuming to save in suitable condition forreuse, therefore not cost effective

Item or Material by Division Suggested Action

Specialty Wood Finishes Salvageable - includes mantels, built-in shelving, bookcases, crownmoldings, and window sash - keep all trim work where possible

CabinetsSalvageable - includes kitchen and bathroom cabinets - if possible, take apicture of the cabinet in place prior to removal as this will give potentialpurchasers a better idea of how the cabinets look in place

10 SPECIALTIES

Toilet Partitions Salvageable - must ensure all hardware is available

Framed Glass Mirrors Salvageable - store vertically on either a carpet or rubber surface forprotection - recommend storing face to face

Towel Racks, Soap Dispensers, andOther Washroom Accessories

Salvageable - for commercial products ensure all keys to open units areincluded

Shower Stalls Salvageable - if acrylic stalls - ensure the stall is suitable condition and notcracked or overly worn

Chalk boards and White boards Salvageable - limited marketabilityMetal Lockers Salvageable - for ease of handling and resale, break into units of 6 or lessOld Hardware Salvageable - includes glass door knobs, hinges, and antique items

11 EQUIPMENT

Household appliances Salvageable - if in suitable condition - includes fridges, stoves, stovehoods, dish washers, freezers, washers, and dryers

12 FURNISHINGS

Metal File Cabinets Salvageable - only if in very good condition

Metal Shelving UnitSalvageable - when dismantling ensure all bolts, nuts and additional partsare kept together - recommend marking sections in order to make it easierto re-erect

Commercial Metal RackingSalvageable - when dismantling ensure all bolts, nuts and additional partsare kept together - recommend marking sections in order to make it easierto re-erect

Metal Desks Salvageable - if in suitable condition - recyclable otherwiseWood Desks Salvageable - if in suitable condition

14 CONVEYING SYSTEMS

Winches Salvageable - if in suitable mechanical condition - recyclable otherwise

15 MECHANICAL

ToiletsSalvageable - limited marketability due to current Plumbing Codes (whitetoilets offer the best resale opportunities) - recyclable otherwise (sink withconcrete and taps with metals)

Urinals Salvageable - ensure there are no cracks and the hardware is working -recyclable otherwise (sink with concrete and taps with metals)

Ceramic Sinks Salvageable - if in suitable condition, recyclable otherwise (sink withconcrete and taps with metals)

Stainless Steel Tanks Salvageable - dependent on previous usage (sometimes required todestroy for contamination reasons) - recyclable otherwise

Janitor Sinks Salvageable - dependent on its condition - recyclable if made of old castiron

Bath Tubs Salvageable - dependent on its condition and colour (white bath tubs andold claw foot tubs offer the best resale opportunities)

RadiatorsSalvageable - dependent on size (for ease of handling, 20 to 25 ribs wouldbe the maximum suitable size for salvaging) and condition - recyclableotherwise

Hot Water Tanks Salvageable - if year 1995 or newer - recyclable otherwiseSuspended Blow Heaters Salvageable - if year 1990 or newer - recyclable otherwiseWall Mount Radiators Salvageable - dependent on its condition - recyclable otherwiseWall Mount Electric Radiators Salvageable - dependent on its condition - recyclable otherwiseMechanical Water Pumps & Tanks Salvageable - dependent on its condition - recyclable otherwiseOil Interceptor Recyclable

Oil Storage Tank Salvageable - dependent on previous usage (sometimes required todestroy for contamination reasons) - recyclable otherwise

Ventilation Ducting Salvageable - dependent on size and condition - recyclable otherwiseMetal Ducting\Ventilation Salvageable - dependent on size and condition - recyclable otherwise

Item or Material by Division Suggested ActionStainless Steel Ducting\Ventilation Salvageable - dependent on size and condition - recyclable otherwiseCopper Ducting\Ventilation Salvageable - dependent on size and condition - recyclable otherwiseAluminum Ducting\Ventilation Salvageable - dependent on size and condition - recyclable otherwisePiping Salvageable - dependent on size and condition - recyclable otherwiseExhaust Hood, Galvanized Metal Salvageable - dependent on size and condition - recyclable otherwiseExhaust Hood, Stainless Steel Salvageable - dependent on size and condition - recyclable otherwise

Supply Air Units Salvageable - dependent on age, condition, and marketability - specialtyitem

Return Air Metal Grill Salvageable - if in suitable condition or collectable, recyclable otherwise(with metals)

Fresh Air Metal Diffuser Salvageable - if in suitable condition or collectable, recyclable otherwise(with metals)

Fire Bells Salvageable - if in suitable condition or collectable, recyclable otherwise(with metals)

Air Receiver Tank Salvageable - based on marketability - specialty itemCompressor Tank Salvageable - based on marketability - specialty itemCompressor Motor Salvageable - dependent on age and condition - recyclable otherwiseAfter Cooler Salvageable - based on marketability - specialty itemBoilers (hot water heating) Salvageable - dependent on age, size and condition - recyclable otherwiseHVAC Roof Systems Salvageable - dependent on age and condition - recyclable otherwise

Gas Furnaces Salvageable - dependent on size and condition and if year 1995 or newer -recyclable otherwise

16 ELECTRICAL

Transformers Usually tested for PCBs and if confirmed, then handled as a special waste -salvageable otherwise

Switch Boxes Salvageable - dependent on age, size and condition - recyclable otherwiseReceptacle Switches Salvageable - dependent on age and condition - landfilled otherwiseReceptacle Plugs Salvageable - dependent on age and condition - landfilled otherwiseHeat Detectors Salvageable - dependent on age, size and condition - landfilled otherwiseExhaust Fans Salvageable - dependent on age, size and condition - recyclable otherwiseElectrical Ceiling Blade-Fans Salvageable - dependent on age, size and condition - recyclable otherwise

Incandescent Light Fixtures Salvageable - dependent on age, size and condition - recyclable orlandfilled otherwise

Fluorescent Light Fixtures Usually tested for PCBs and if confirmed, then handled as a special waste -salvageable otherwise - dependent on age and condition

Battery Lighting Fixtures (wall mount) Salvageable - dependent on age (as sometimes batteries are limited toholding a charge) - landfilled otherwise

Exit Lights Salvageable - dependent on age (as sometimes batteries are limited toholding a charge) - landfilled otherwise

Panel Boxes Salvageable - dependent on age, size and condition - recyclable otherwiseCommercial Vapor Lights Salvageable - dependent on age and condition - landfilled otherwiseStreet Lights on Poles Salvageable - dependent on age, size and condition - recyclable otherwise

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