Environmental Policy Under the New Administration...Sustainable Living Ecosystem-Based Management...
Transcript of Environmental Policy Under the New Administration...Sustainable Living Ecosystem-Based Management...
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Environmental Policy Under the New Administration
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Reimagining Natural Resources Policy
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REIMAGINING NATURAL RESOURCES POLICY David J. Hayes November 15, 2016
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Natural Resources
Policy
Energy Policy
Climate Change
Eco- Economics
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Reimagining Natural Resources Policy
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Energy and Arctic Policy in the New Presidential Administration Michael LeVine Pacific Senior Counsel, Oceana November 15, 2016
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LAW
PUBLIC
SCIENCE
• Habitat Protection • Food Web Protection • Sustainable Fishing
• Pollution Reduction and Prevention • Controlled Development
Sustainable Living
Ecosystem-Based Management Nicolai Konyukhov
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The Planning Challenge
Climate Change
2 0 1 6
2 0 5 6
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On issues large and small, the Bush administration has spent the better part of two years rolling back Bill Clinton's environmental legacy. It has abandoned the Kyoto accord on global warming, weakened protections for wetlands and eased mining laws. Now it appears to be aiming at even bigger game -- the National Environmental Policy Act, regarded as the Magna Carta of environmental protection . . . - NY Times, Sept. 30, 2002
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US court blocks Shell's 2007 offshore Alaska exploration plan Washington (Platts)--15Aug2007 Shell Oil cannot begin exploration and development work off Alaska's Arctic Coast this fall under an order handed down Wednesday by a US appellate court.
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Some positive changes in the past eight years were inadvertent. The Bush administration's refusal to cap carbon dioxide emissions acted as a catalyst, with 24 states acting on their own to put in place regional cap and trade networks. Some 27 states enacted renewable portfolios, mandating local power companies to produce more of their electricity from sun, wind and solar power. - The Guardian, Jan. 16, 2009
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Reimagining Natural Resources Policy
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REIMAGINING FOOD AND FARMING POLICY
P E T E R L E H N E R
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AGRICULTURAL LAND AND WATER USE
• 61% of land use in Continental U.S.
• Crops: 372 million
acres • Grazing: 775 million
acres • 80% of water use
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THE TRUE COST OF FOOD Americans
consume an average of 3 burgers and nearly 3 liters of soda each week.
In 2014, we spent about $1.5 trillion on food in restaurants and stores.
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THE HEALTH COST OF FOOD
Diet-related diseases > $1 trillion / year
Credit: PGIAM, ISTOCKPHOTO
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THE SOCIETAL COST OF FOOD Declining property values, farm subsidies, worker assistance ≈ $50 billion / year Most farmers report losses, just 20% report gains > $25,000 / year
A North Carolina resident standing in his front yard, across the street from a CAFO. Credit: Donn Young
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CAFO cleanup, pesticides, erosion, and nitrogen pollution > $200 billion / year
Credit: John Moran, Earthjustice
THE ENVIRONMENTAL COST OF FOOD
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total U.S. GHGs
1 MtCO2e
SOURCES: FAO, EPA
In 2014, U.S. food system greenhouse gases came from:
18% of U.S. GHG emissions are from the food system (not including imported food)
CLIMATE HARMS: CO2, CH4, AND N2O
agriculture (crop production and animal production)
animal agriculture
crop production
+ fertilizer production + on-farm energy use + across the food supply chain (transport, wastewater treatment, processing, refrigeration, and composting)
+ residential cooking & refrigeration + food waste
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METHANE Economy-wide: 29,233 kt CH4 = 730.8 MMT CO2e = 10.6% U.S. GHG Emissions
Agriculture: 9,506 kt CH4 = 237.7 MMT CO2e = 3.5% U.S. GHG Emissions
Food in Landfills: 2,367.6 kt CH4 = ~ 59.2 MMT CO2e = 0.9% U.S. GHG Emissions
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NITROUS OXIDE Economy-wide: 1,354 kt N2O = 403.5 MMT CO2e = 5.9% U.S. GHG Emissions
Agriculture: 1,127 kt CH4 = 335.9 MMT CO2e = 4.9% U.S. GHG Emissions
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CARBON DIOXIDE Economy-wide: 5,556,007 kt CO2 = 5,556 MMT CO2e = 80.9% U.S. GHG Emissions
Agriculture: 112,000 kt CO2 = 112 MMT CO2e = 1.6% U.S. GHG Emissions
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REDUCED CLIMATE IMPACTS
• Fertilizer application • Cropping systems
• Grazing
• Manure storage
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Meat Consumption and Climate
0
25
50
75
100
125
1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090
Annu
al E
mis
sion
s (G
tCO
2e y
r-1)
LowMeat HighMeat HighMeat+Reductions BAU
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/ e a r t h j u s t i c e @ e a r t h j u s t i c e e a r t h j u s t i c e . o r g
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Reimagining Natural Resources Policy
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The Clean Power Plan and Beyond
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The Clean Power Plan and Beyond
Susan Tierney, Senior Advisor, Analysis Group; former Assistant Secretary for Policy,
United States Department of Energy; former Massachusetts Secretary for Environmental
Affairs
Arvin Ganesan, Vice President of Federal Policy, Advanced Energy Economy; former
Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Phil Schiliro, former White House Director of Legislative Affairs; Managing Director,
Schiliro Barnett LLC
Moderator: Jason Schwartz, Legal Director, Institute for Policy Integrity
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Federal Policies To Date • Clean Power Plan and NSPS for Electricity Generators
• Litigation • Model trading rule for states and federal implementation plan
still pending • Methane: New Oil & Gas, New & Existing Landfills
• Also, BLM standards for onshore federal oil and gas leases still pending
• BACT for Large Stationary Sources • Mobile Source Efficiency Standards: New Cars & Trucks
• Also, Renewable Fuel Standards • ANPR for Aircraft
• DOE Appliance and Equipment Efficiency Rules • SNAP for HFCs • Global Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases in RIAs and EISs
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U.S. International Commitments
• Paris Agreement and UNFCCC • 26-28% reduction by 2025
• Kigali Agreement on HFCs under Montreal Protocol • 80-85% reduction by 2050 • Financing for research and developing country
reductions
• ICAO Market-Based Reductions for International Aviation
• Mitigate emissions above 2020 levels
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U.S. INDC for Paris Agreement
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Climate Action Tracker Rating of U.S. Action
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The Clean Power Plan and Beyond
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The Clean Power Plan and Beyond: What to Expect in 2017….
Sue Tierney NYU School of Law – Institute for Policy Integrity November 15, 2016
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NYU School of Law – November 2016 Page 2
A lot of sustained direction toward lower-carbon energy
Market fundamentals
State policy
Private action for clean energy
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NYU School of Law – November 2016 Page 3
Markets: Natural gas versus coal prices (context)
Percentage Change in Average Prices for Natural Gas and Coal Since 2008
Tierney, “The U.S. Coal Industry: Challenging Transitions in the 21st Century,” September 26, 2016. EIA energy price data
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NYU School of Law – November 2016 Page 4
Markets: Coal productivity, production, jobs (context)
Tierney, “The U.S. Coal Industry: Challenging Transitions in the 21st Century,” September 26, 2016. EIA energy price data
Productivity
Production
Employment
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NYU School of Law – November 2016 Page 5
Markets: Electric generation mix (context)
Erosion of market share of coal-fired generation
Tierney, “The U.S. Coal Industry: Challenging Transitions in the 21st Century,” September 26, 2016. EIA energy price data
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NYU School of Law – November 2016 Page 6
Markets: Generating capacity additions (context)
EIA, “Demand trends, prices, and policies drive recent electric generation capacity additions,” Today in Energy, March 18, 2016.
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mber 2016 Page 7
Markets: Renewable capacity additions (context)
NYU School of Law – Nove
GTM Research/SEIA, U.S. Solar Market Insight: Executive Summary, 2015 Year-in-Review, March, 2016; http://www.awea.org/Resources/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=5059
Wind capacity
Solar capacity
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NYU School of Law – November 2016 Page 8
Markets: Natural gas prices ahead
SNL Financial – OTC Global Holdings Data
4.000
3.500
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
1.000
0.500
0.000
Henry Hub (Forwards 12/2016-12/2022) (as of 11-10-2016) ($/MMBtu)
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NYU School of Law – November 2016 Page 9
Markets: Renewable resource potential ahead
Biopower
Hydropower
Concentrating solar
PV solar
Wind
Geothermal
NREL, Renewable Energy Futures Study, 2016
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Page 10
State policy: renewable energy ahead
http://congress.org/2015/03/19/states-consider-renewable-portfolio-standards-for- debate-in-2015/ Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency
NYU School of Law – November 2016
RPS with Solar Carve-Out
Renewable Portfolio Standards
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NYU School of Law – November 2016 Page 11
State policy: clean energy, climate action ahead
Climate Action Plans GHG reduction targets
Energy Efficiency Standards Renewable & Alt Energy
http://www.c2es.org/us-states-regions/policy-maps
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NYU School of Law – November 2016 Page 12
State policy: regulatory, legislative, stakeholder actions
Original Figure from Carl Linvill, “Utility Solar Business Models in a Time of Transition,” Utah Governor's Energy Development Summit, June 4, 2014, with updated information by Tierney
NY REV
Competitive Procurements
of DERs
NEM at wholesale
rate
No new NEM customers;
minimum bill approach
DERs in distribution utility plans
Utility of the Future: Merger context
Role of the Utility in DER s
No 3rd-party rooftop solar
New NEM customers have TOU
rates
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NYU School of Law – November 2016 Page 13
Private action: corporate renewable-energy commitments
RE100: Companies with 100% RE
commitments
http://there100.org/; http://buyersprinciples.org/2015/09/23/9-more-companies-sign-on-to-corporate-renewable-energy-buyers-principles-2/
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NYU School of Law – November 2016 Page 14
Sue Tierney Senior Advisor Analysis Group [email protected] 617-425-8114
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The Clean Power Plan and Beyond
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Moving Forward on Federal Energy Policy
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Moving Forward on Federal Energy Policy
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Moving Forward on Federal Energy Policy