Environmental monitoring Lecture 6 Water pollution monitoring … · Water pollution monitoring...

Environmental monitoring

Lecture 6

Water pollution monitoring

Anna Talovskaya

PhD, Associate professor

E-mail: [email protected]

Tomsk Polytechnic University

School of Earth Sciences & Engineering

Geology Department

08.05.2020 22

OUTLINE

1. Water pollution.

2. Networks.

3. Water sampling and preparation.

Лектор: Таловская А.В.

Лектор: Таловская А.В. 3

1. Water pollution

Why should we care about water quality?

The existence of human, animal, and plant life is dependent upon water

Pollutants are discharged into the waters

The water pollutants affect human health


suspended sediment load,

organic matter, bacteria

viruses,

nutrient loads,

temperature,

heavy metals,

pesticides

herbicides

Water pollution is the result of industrial, agricultural

and every day necessities discharge of wastes into the

rivers, lakes and seas.

• point source such as a waste treatment plant or

industrial outfall pipe,

• non-point source such as runoff from agricultural

fields

Water protection area

08.05.2020 Лектор: Таловская А.В. 5

a territory bordering on water front of seas, rivers, streams,channels, lakes, water-storage basins. The width of river andstream water protection zone is defined from the river or streamhead according to their length.

water body Size of water

protection zone, m

from the river or stream head

up to 10 km

50


10-50 km

100


more than 50 km

200

sea 500

Water Code of the Russian Federation

Water protection

area in Tomsk


- Tom river – 500 m,

-Uchaika, Basandaika,

Malaya Kirgiska – 200 m.

(здесь и далее карты по данным Департамента

природных ресурсов Томской области)


For fishery purposes (MPCf)

Maximum Permissible

Concentrations (MPC)

for water bodies, mg/l

For household,

cultural, and

general water

(MPCw)

RUSSIAN FEDERATION GN 2.1.5.1315-03, GN 2.1.5.1316-03

MPC for Bodies of Water Used as Sources of Industrial and Drinking Water Supply, and

for Drinking and Domestic Use.

For drinking water


MPC for water bodies, mg/l

Compound MPCw MPCf MPC for

drinking

water

Hg 0,0005 - 0,0005

Fe 0,3 0,1 0,3

Zn 1,0 0,01 5

As 0,05 0,05 0,05

nitrites 3,3 0,08

nitrates 45 40


MPC for water bodies used For fishery

purposes , mg/l

CompoundRussia

(MPCf)

European

Countries

(salmon)

European

Countries

(carp)

nitrites 0,02 0,01 0,03

phosphates 0,2 0,2 0,4

Cu 0,001 0,005 0,005

ammonia 0,05 0,005 0,005


monitoring of water bodies

Monitoring of surface water bodies

Quality of water protection area

Monitoring of underground water

Quality of bottom and banks of water

bodies

2. Networks


Observation

network

stationary specialized Temporary field

Water sampling works and analysis of water polluted by

different substances are usually called hydro(geo)chemical

investigations (method), and physical parameter observations

are called hydrological investigations.

Map of water bodies monitoring network

(Roshydromet, 2015)


rivers

lakes

Periodicity of monitoring


ГОСТ 17.1.3.07-82

• Every day

• Each decay

• Every month

• Hydrological conditions

-flooded condition or spring (autumn) high water

-summer (winter) low water level


Parameters in water

Physical

Chemical

Sanitary-bacteriological

hydrobiological


Measured components in surface waterProgram Components

Priority

program

water discharge, flow rate, visual observations, color, temperature,

transparence, smell, water-dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide,

turbidity, рН, Eh, chlorides, sulphates, hydrocarbonates, Ca2+, Mg2+,

Na+, K+, total salt content, chemical oxygen demand (COD),

biological oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5 ), NO2-, NO3

-, NH4+,

phosphates, total iron, silicon, oil products, synthetic surface active

substances (SSAS), phenols, metals (they are determined subject to

the industry profile)

program 1 water discharge, visual observations, temperature, water-dissolved

oxygen, electrical conductivity

program 2 water discharge, visual observations, temperature, рН, electrical

conductivity, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological

oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5 ), concentration of 2-3 pollutants

which are the basic ones at this station

program 3 water discharge, flow rate, visual observations, temperature, рН,

turbidity, water-dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD),

biological oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5 ), concentration of all

water pollutants at this observation station

ГОСТ 17.1.3.07-82


To place monitoring sites it is necessary to know

everything about pollution source locations and also to

know width, depth, flow velocity of the stream.

3. Surface water sampling and preparation

Schematic view of point, horizontal and vertical line at

surface water sampling site

Section line

Vertical line


Section line (monitoring site) is the cross-section of a water

body.

point

no organized disposal

of sewage

polluted water bodies

unpolluted river

site located before a dam

the closed river stream

at the place of border crossing

1 Section line

ГОСТ 17.1.3.07-82

Лектор: Таловская А.В. 18ГОСТ 17.1.3.07-82

point source

one section line is located

1 km up from disposal of

discharged waters (it is

considered to be background)b

Other section lines are located

down from sources:

downstream point is located

in a zone of complete mixing

(80%) in 500 m

2 and more section lines

b


To observe lake quality no less than three section line , equal

distributed all over the water surface and taken into account

water-front, are located on the water bodies.

ГОСТ 17.1.3.07-82

Vertical line is from the surface to the bottom of water body

session line.


heterogeneous chemical composition – no

less than three vertical lines

At the bankAt the bank

homogeneous chemical composition–

one vertical line

ГОСТ 17.1.3.07-82


Horizontal line is a place on the vertical line in different depths

Depth of

stream, m

number of

horizontal linesSampling depth

to 5 m 1In summer – 30 cm from surface of water

In winter – at bottom of ice

5–10 m 2The first – at surface of water

The second – 50 cm from bottom of water body

over 10 m 3 Mid-shaft – at half of water body depth

over 50 m over 5

The first – at surface

Next four – 10, 20, 50, 100 m

The fifth – at the bottom ГОСТ 17.1.3.07-82

Sampling

instruments

automatic semiautomatic Hand-hold

bathometers


small and not large

rivers

on the largest rivers

especially when

sampling from depths

Glass or plastic

bottles and

buckets Батометр Нискина

http://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=hkwKm8l3gl0

GOST 17.1.5.04-81

видеоролик

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkwKm8l3gl0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkwKm8l3gl0


In exceptional cases itcan be done withoutconserved agents, but thesampling and analysisinterval should not exceed1–2 days.

Water samples have to be conserved.

Maximal storage period of sample with

preserving agent should not exceed two

weeks. The sample should be kept in the

dark at temperature 3–7 ºС.


Scheme of water sample treatment and analysis

ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY

Comparison with maximum permissible

concentration

Calculation parameters to determine water

pollution level:

- index of water pollution

- combined pollution index



air

water

Snow cover

Children gardern

Plant vicinity

parks

Environment monitoring performed by Oblast’ state

administration “Oblcompriroda” (ОГУ «Облкомприрода»)

On-line http://green.tsu.ru/monitoring

http://green.tsu.ru/monitoring

Results of water composition in Ushaika river


Component MPCw Sampling Day

Mg/l

28

Water pollution index

Сi – component concentration (six components, including dissolved

oxygen concentration, рН and biological oxygen demand BOD 5);

N –number of components in calculating index;

MACi – maximum permissible concentration respective to type of water

body

Level of pollution WPI value Water quality category

Pure up to 0.2 1

Conditionally pure 0.2-1.0 2

Moderately polluted 1.0-2.0 3

Polluted 2.0-4.0 4

Dirty 4.0-6.0 5

Very dirty 6.0-10.0 6

Extremely dirty >10.0 7

Water pollution index for rivers in Tomsk Oblast

(1991-2000)

29

River Sampling point WPI Level of pollution

Ob 9 km downstream

from Novosobirsk

2.7 Polluted

3 km upper

Kolpashevo

3.0 Polluted

12 km down

Kolpashevo

4.0 Polluted

1 км upper

Alexandrovskoe

6.4 Very dirty

Tom Polomoshnoe 2.4 Polluted

0.3 km upper Tomsk 2.1 Polluted

3.5 km down Tomsk 2.2 Polluted

Kozulino 1.5 Moderately polluted

08.05.2020 30

Thank you for your attention!!!

Any questions?

Лектор: Таловская А.В.

Environmental monitoring Lecture 6 Water pollution monitoring … · Water pollution monitoring...

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