Environmental Management Plan - World Bank€¦ · calcium carbonate production workshop, a sewage...

Technical Transformation Engineering Project of

37kt/a Wheat Straw Pulp ECF Bleaching Process

of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.

Environmental Management Plan

Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.

March 2014

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Contents

1 Chapter 1 Overview .......................................................................................... 1

1.1 Project Overview and Background ················································································ 1

1.2 Compilation Basis ········································································································· 3

1.3 Targets of Environmental Protection and Sensitive Point ············································· 5

1.4 Relevant Standards ········································································································ 7

2 Environmental Protection Measures ............................................................ 12

2.1 Pollution Prevention and Control Countermeasure and Measures in Construction

Period ································································································································· 12

2.2 Pollution Prevention and Control Countermeasure and Measures in Operation Period

··········································································································································· 12

3 Environmental Management ......................................................................... 37

3.1 Corporate Environmental Management ······································································ 37

3.2 Environmental Management Measures ······································································· 38

4 Environmental Risk Assessment ................................................................... 43

4.1 Environmental Risk Identification ·············································································· 43

4.2 Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Measures ········································ 56

4.3 Emergency Plan and Monitoring for Accidents ·························································· 64

5 Public Communication Mechanism for Environmental Protection .......... 73

5.1 Main Problems of Public Concern ······························ Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2 Public Communication Plan for Environmental ProtectionError! Bookmark not

defined.

6 Plans for Environmental Supervision and Monitoring . Error! Bookmark not

defined.

6.1 Environmental Supervision Plan ································· Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan ·································· Error! Bookmark not defined.

7 Personnel Training .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

7.1 On-the-job Training for Environmental Management PersonnelError! Bookmark

not defined.

7.2 Training for Project Responsible Persons and Construction personnel ··············· Error!

Bookmark not defined.

II

7.3 Staff Training in Project Operation Period ·················· Error! Bookmark not defined.

7.4 Training Methods and Expense Budget ······················ Error! Bookmark not defined.

8 Occupational Sanitation, Health and Safety .... Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.1 Setting of Occupational Health Institutions ················ Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.2 Occupational Health Education ··································· Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.3 Occupational Protection Appliances ··························· Error! Bookmark not defined.

9 Legal Force of Environmental Management Plan......... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

10 Budget for Environmental Management Plan ............. Error! Bookmark not

defined.

驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划

1

Technical Transformation Engineering Project

of 37kt/a Wheat Straw Pulp ECF Bleaching Process

of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.

Environmental Management Plan

1 Overview

1.1 Project Overview and Background

Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd. was approved and established by the

Zhumadian Municipal Government as a solely state-owned company according to the modern

corporate system in August 1999, and the company was restructured with Henan Construction

& Investment Company and became the new Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd. in

November 2003. The company is located in the northeast suburb of Suiping County of

Zhumadian City, bordering the Ru River in the east, 1km to the train station, about 5km from

the entry to of the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway to the north, as well as 1.5km from 107

National Highway to the west. The company has 1,977 employees, with an area of 1,293.2

Mu, fixed assets amounted to 2.1 billion Yuan, and registered capital of 120 million Yuan. In

recent years, Baiyun Paper Co. Ltd. has achieved some results in the fields of production and

operation, safety and environmental protection, quality management and so on; the company

has gradually grown into an industry leader in Henan Province, which takes the lead in

becoming an enterprise with the approval of “four systems”. In Henan Province, the company

was identified as the “Provincial Enterprise Technology Center”, the “Henan Provincial

Research Center for Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction Engineering Technology in

Pulping and Papermaking”, as well as one of the first batch of “Quality Credit Grade AA

Enterprises in Henan Province”, it has been awarded with the “Top Ten Enterprises in Paper

Industry in Henan Province” for seven consecutive years, and received awards of the “Green

Enterprise in Henan Province”, the “Water-saving Enterprise in Henan Province”, as well as

the national “Ankang Cup” Competition Winner.


2

The company's existing annual pulping (alkali bleached wheat straw pulp) capacity is

37,000 tons, its cultural paper production capacity is 100,000 tons, its main products are offset

printing paper, writing paper, etc., and at the same time, the company has the 110t/d alkali

recovery system and a sewage treatment station with a treatment capacity of 25,000 tons. The

company passed the final inspection and acceptance of construction organized by the

Environmental Impact Assessment Department of the SEPA in the form of EIA Approval No.

【2004】055 in July 2004. The enterprise’s wastewater is discharged into the urban sewer

system of Suiping County after being treated and reaching the standards, finally into the Ru

River through the Kuiwang River.

In order to adapt to market demand and adjust the industrial structure, the enterprise

carried out technical innovation and expansion projects on the basis of original scale of

production; it expanded the 50k t/a alkali bleached wheat straw pulp production line and the

136k t/a cultural paper production line by using the TCF process (total chlorine free bleaching)

from the beginning of 2006, it constructed the supporting 150t/d alkali recovery system and a

calcium carbonate production workshop, a sewage treatment station and a compound fertilizer

production workshop, and at the same time, it carried out the technical transformation on the

37kt/a bleached pulp production line (CEH bleaching) by using the same process. After

adopting the TCF pulping process, bleaching wastewater can be reused, thus the utilization

rate of water cycle is improved, the volume of wastewater discharged in the whole pulping

process can be controlled to be 30m3/tp, which is greatly reduced compared with wastewater

volume of 130m3/tp generated by the original pulp production line; at the same time, this

process adopts the series connection of multi-stage vacuum washer and press pulp washer, and

the extraction rate of black liquor could be up to 95%, so that the grey water pollution is greatly

reduced; therefore, after adopting the TCF process, the generation and emission of water

pollutants in the whole plant can be reduced substantially, the plant can achieve “ total pollution

load control, increase production capacity and reducing pollution” after the completion of the

project, and the project construction can conform to the requirements of the State’s relevant

industrial policies.

According to the company's actual situation, the Environmental Management Plan for

Technical Upgrading of Cleaner Production is formulated, so as to improve the economic

benefit and environmental benefit of the project.


3

1.2 Compilation Basis

1.2.1 Laws and Regulations

（1）“Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Protection” (December

26, 1989);

（2）“Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water

Pollution” (February 28, 2008);

（3）“Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of

Atmospheric Pollution” (April 29, 2000);

（4）“Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Ambient

Noise Pollution” (October 29, 1996);

（5）“Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of

Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste” (April 1, 2005);

（6）“Law of the People’s Republic of China on Promotion of Cleaner Production”

(February 29, 2012);

（7）“Interim Provisions on Promoting Industrial Structure Adjustment” (State Council

Doc. No. [2005]40);

（8）“Industrial Structure Adjustment Catalogue (issued in 2011 and revised in 2013)”

(NDRC Decree No. [2011]9 and [2013] 21);

（9）“Comments of the State Council on Strengthening Key Environmental Protection

Works” (State Council Doc. No. [2011]35);

（10） “Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in Henan

Province” (November 27, 2009);

（11） “Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution Caused

by Solid Waste in Henan Province” (September 28, 2011);

（12） “Regulations on Control over Safety of Hazardous Chemicals” (State Council

Decree No. 344， December 1, 2011);

（13） “Implementing Rules for Regulations on Control over Safety of Hazardous


4

Chemicals” (Ministry of Chemical Industry, Ministry of Labor, Doc. No. [1992] 6777);

（14） World Bank’s Operational Policy and Procedure OP/BP4.01 on EIA;

（15） “Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control in the Huai

River Valley”;

（16） “Policies on Development of Papermaking Industry”, (NDRC Doc. No. [2007]

71);

（17） “Regulations on Environmental Protection of Construction Projects in the Light

Industry” (QBJ35-94)

1.2.2 Technical Basis

（1）World Bank OP/BP4.01 Environmental Assessment

（2）World Bank Group “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines – Paper

Industry”;

（3）“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - General Rules”

(HJ/T2.1-2011);

（4）Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Atmospheric

Environment” (HJ2.2-2008);

（5）“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Surface Water

Environment” (HJ/T2.3-93);

（6）“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Ground Water

Environment” (HJ/ 610-2011);

（7）“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Acoustical

Environment” (HJ/2.4-2009);

（8）“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Ecological Impact”

(HJ19-2011);

（9）“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment for Construction

Projects” (HJ/T169-2004);

（10） “National Hazardous Waste List” (MEP Decree No. [2008]1);


5

（11） “Identification of Major Hazard Installations for Dangerous Chemicals”

(GB18218-2009);

（12） “Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes (for trial implementation)” (April

1, 2006);

1.2.3 Related Documents

（1）“Feasibility Study Report on the Technical Transformation Engineering Project of

37kt/a Wheat Straw Pulp ECF Bleaching Process of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co.,

Ltd.”;

（2）“Environment Impact Report on Engineering Project Annual 37 kt/a Bleached

Wheat Straw Pulp (Chemical Caustic Soda Bleaching Process) and Sewage Treatment of

Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.” (Submitted for Approval), its written reply and

acceptance documents;

（3）“Environment Impact Report on 136 kt/a Production of Culture Paper Project of

Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.” (Submitted for Approval) and its written

reply;

（4）“Analysis Report on Change of 136 kt/a Culture Paper Project of Zhumadian

Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.” and its written reply;

（5）“Post-Evaluation Report on Environmental Impact of 136 kt/a Culture Paper

Project of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.” and its written reply;

（6）Other data and materials relating to the project.

1.3 Environmental Protection Goal and Sensitive Point

1.3.1 Targets of Environmental Protection

The project’s targets of environmental protection can be seen in Table 1-1.

Table 1-1 Targets of Environmental Protection

No. Item Protection Targets

1 Ecological

Environment

The local ecological functions and the important targets of ecological

protection in the region should be protected, such as natural reserves,

biological diversity, etc., and there is no natural reserve in the assessed


6

range.

2 Water Environment The quality of receiving waters, including the Kuiwang River and Ru

River, should be protected and meet the functional requirements.

3 Ambient Air The residential areas, schools and villages in the assessed areas should be

protected.

4 Acoustic

Environment Noise at boundary should meet the requirements of functional areas.

1.3.2 Environmental Sensitive Point

The environmental sensitive point of this project can be seen in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2 Environmental Sensitive Point of Project

Environm

ental

Elements

Protection

Objects

Directio

ns

Distanc

e to

Bound

ary /m

Scale/Pe

rson Function Protection Level

Air

Environme

nt

Yinlou S 100 643 Residenti

al area

“Ambient Air Quality

Standards”

(GB3095-1996) - Class 2

Low-rent

house S 50 3,000

Residenti

al area

Yinzhuang E 500 689 Residenti

al area

Local

Taxation

Bureau

W 200 / Office

district

Jinyuan

Community W 130

Unoccupi

ed

Residenti

al area

Surface

Water

Environment

Kuiwang

River NE 70 2.85m

3/s

Drainage,

irrigation,

receiving

sewage

“Quality Standards for

Ambient Surface Water”

(GB3838-2002) - Grade

IV

汝河

Ru River SE 350 27.59m

3/s

Drainage,

irrigation,

receiving

sewage


Ambient Surface Water”

(GB3838-2002) - Grade

IV

Ground

Water

Environment

Groundwater

in assessed

area

－－－ Drinking,

irrigation


Underground Water”

(GB/T14848-93) - Grade

III


7

1.4 Relevant Standards

1.4.1 Environmental Quality Standards

（1）Ambient Air Quality Standard

As for SO2, NO2, PM10, PM10 and TSP, this project should implement the “Ambient Air

Quality Standard (GB3095-1996)” and the Amendment Notice (January 6, 2000), the Class 2

standard should be implemented in the project area, and as for hydrogen sulfide and ammonia,

the “Hygienic standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises” (GBZ1-2010) - Table 1 for

the Maximum Allowable Concentration of Harmful Substances in the Air of Residential Areas

should be implemented. The specific values can be seen in Table 1-3.

Table 1-3 Limits in Ambient Air Quality Standard

Pollutant Name Sample Time

Concentration limit (mg/Nm3)

Standard Basis Class 1

Standard

Class 2

Standard

Sulfur dioxide

SO2

Annual average

Daily average

1-hour average

0.02

0.05

0.15

0.06

0.15

0.50

“Ambient Air Quality

Standard”

(GB3095-1996) and its

Amendment Notice

Total suspended

particles

TSP

Annual average

Daily average

0.08

0.12

0.20

0.30

Inhalable particles

PM10

Annual average

Daily average

0.04

0.05

0.10

0.15

Nitrogen dioxide

NO2

Annual average

Daily average

1-hour average

0.04

0.08

0.12

0.08

0.12

0.24

Hydrogen sulfide

H2S Once 0.01

“Sanitary Standard for

the Design of Industrial

Enterprises” Table 1 for

the Maximum Allowable

Concentration of

Harmful Substances in

the Air of Residential

Areas

Ammonia

NH3 Once 0.20

（2）Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water

Kuiwang River and the Ru River are the project’s receiving waters, and the water quality

should meet the Grade IV water quality standard in the “Environmental Quality Standards for

Surface Water” (GB3838-2002). The specific values can be seen in Table 1-4.

Table 1-4 Limits in Quality Standard for Surface Water


8

Pollutant Name pH COD BOD5 Volatile

phenol

Chloride SS*

Grade Ⅴstandard

value 6～9 30 6

0.01 250 100

Notes: SS refer to the dry farming standard in the “Standards for Irrigation Water Quality”

(GB5084-2005).

(3) Quality Standard for Ground Water

The ground water should comply with the Grade III standard in the “Quality Standard for

Ground Water” (GB/T14848-93) (it is based on human health baseline, and it mainly applies

to the centralized domestic drinking water sources and the water industry and agriculture).

The specific standard values of groundwater quality are shown in Table 1-5.

Table 1-5 Limits in Quality Standard for Ground Water Unit: mg/L (except pH value)

Item Name Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V

pH 6.5～8.5 5.5～6.5

8.5～9 <5.5，>9

Ammonia nitrogen ≤0.02 ≤0.02 ≤0.2 ≤0.5 >0.5

Nitrate ≤2.0 ≤5.0 ≤20 ≤30 >30

Nitrite ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.1 >0.1

Volatile phenols (phenol

meter) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 >0.01

Cyanide ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1

Arsenic ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 >0.05

Mercury ≤0.00005 ≤0.0005 ≤0.001 ≤0.001 >0.001

Chromium (six +) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1

Total hardness (based on

CaCO3) ≤150 ≤300 ≤450 ≤550 >550

Lead ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1

Fluoride ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 >2.0

Cadmium ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 >0.01

Iron ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤1.5 >1.5

Manganese ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤1.0 >1.0

Total dissolved solids ≤300 ≤500 ≤1,000 ≤2,000 >2,000

Permanganate index ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤3.0 ≤10 >10

Sulfate ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350

Chloride ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350

Total coliform group ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤100 >100

（4）Environmental Quality Standard for Noise

The project is located in Jiancheng District of Suiping County, and the periphery of the


9

plant should comply with the category 2 standard of the “Environmental Quality Standard for

Noise” (GB3096-2008). The specific standard limit values are listed in Table 1-6.

Table 1-6 Environmental Quality Standards for Noise Unit: Leq[dB(A)]

Category Day Night

2 60 50

1.4.2 Standard for Discharge of Pollutants

（1）Emission Standard of Air Pollutants

As for the flue gas from the boiler, the standard in Table 1 of the “Emission Standard of

Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants” (GB13223-2003) should be implemented; as for the

flue gas from alkali boiler, the Class 2 standard of the “Emission Standard of Air Pollutants

for Industrial Kiln and Furnace” (GB9078-1996) should be implemented; as for the chlorine

gas from ClO2 production system，the Class 2 standard in Table 2 of the “Integrated Emission

Standard of Air Pollutants” (GB16297-1996) should be implemented; as for the fugitive

emission of odor pollutants, the Class 2 standard at boundary for new, improved and

expanded projects in Table 1 of “Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants” (GB14554-93)

should be implemented. See Table 1-7 ～ Table 1-10.

Table 1-7 Standards in Table 1 of the “Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal

Power Plants”

Pollutant Standard Value (mg/m3)

Flue dust 30

SO2 200

NOx 100

Blackness of flue gas (Ringelman number, class) 1

Table 1-8 Class 2 Standard of the “Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Industrial

Kiln and Furnace” (GB9078-1996)

Pollutant Maximum Allowable Emission

Concentration (mg/m3)

Flue dust 200

Table 1-9 Class 2 Standard of the “Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants”


10

Pollutant

Maximum Allowable

Emission

Concentration (mg/m3)

Maximum allowable

emission rate

(kg/h)

Concentration Limit for

Fugitive Emission Monitoring

(mg/m3)

Particulate

matter 120 3.5（15m）

1.0 (highest concentration

outside boundary)

Cl2 65 0.52 0.4

Table 1-10 Class 2 Standard at Boundary for New, Improved and Expanded Projects in

Table 1 of “Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants”

Pollutant Unit Standard Value of Class 2 Standard for

New, Improved and Expanded Projects

Ammonia mg/m3 1.5

Hydrogen sulfide mg/m3 0.06

Odor

concentration Dimensionless 20

（2）Water Pollution Emission Standards

As for the existing production wastewater, the limits for other pulping and papermaking

specified in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper

Industry” (GB3544-2008) should be implemented. The specific values can be seen in Table

1-11.

Table 1-11 “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry”

(GB3544-2008) Units: mg/L

Type of

Enterpris

e

Pollutant

Name

Unit

Dischar

ge

Volume

Bench

mark

pH COD BOD5 SS

Am

mo

nia

Nitr

oge

n

TP TN

Chr

om

atic

ity

AOX Dioxin

Existing

Enterprise

s

Standard

Value ≤60m

3/t 6-9 150 30 50 10 1.0 15

50

tim

es

15 /

Newly

Establishe

d

Enterprise

s

Standard

Value ≤40m

3/t 6-9 90 20 30 8 0.8 12

50

tim

es

12 30pgTEQ/L

Note: 1. AOX (Absorbable Organic Halide) index and dioxin index apply to the use of chlorine bleaching

process.

2. The pulp yield shall be calculated on the basis of oven dry pulp.

3. The actual quantity of discharged wastewater per unit product of the pulping and papermaking

enterprise should be checked and ratified, and it should be calculated on the basis of the sum of the pulp

yield of the enterprise and the quantity of purchased commercial pulp.

4. AOX (Absorbable Organic Halide) and dioxin standards aim at the sewage drain outlets of


11

workshops or production facilities.

According to the requirements of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp

and Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008), the wastewater discharge of this project should comply

with the standard for newly established enterprises in the Table 1-11.

（3）Noise Pollution Emission Standards

During the construction period, the noise should comply with the “Emission Standard of

Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction Site” (GB 12523-2011), and during the

operation period, the noise should comply with the Category 2 standard of the “Emission

Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” (GB12348-2008). The specific values

can be seen in Table 1-12.

Table 1-12 Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction Site

Day Night

70 55

Table 1-13 Emission Standards for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary

Category Day Night

Category 2 60 50

（4）Solid Waste Standards

As for solid waste storage site, the “Standard for Pollution Control on the Storage and

Disposal Sites for General Industrial Solid Wastes” (GB18599-2001) should be implemented;

as for domestic wastes, the “Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Sites of Domestic

Waste (GB16889-2008)” should be implemented.


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2 Environmental Protection Measures

2.1 Pollution Prevention and Control Countermeasure and Measures in Construction

Period

2.1.1 Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in the

Construction Period

In order to reduce atmospheric pollution during the construction period, the construction

site should enhance the management of production and environment, implement the system of

civilization construction, and the following countermeasures for prevention and control are

recommended to minimize the affected areas:

（1）The construction site should have strict rules and regulations: the site should be

closed and fenced during the construction period; the roads under construction should be

hardened, and regular watering should be carried out to prevent floating dust; when there is

strong wind, the construction should be stopped. The spare open spaces in the construction

site should be used for simple greening.

（2）The procedures that generate dust easily should be well controlled: the surface

exposed in earth-rock excavation should be proper watered; and the earth and rock that are

originally removed should be promptly filled or transported to designated places; the original

roads in the plant site should be utilized for transportation, and the dust pollution during

transport should be reduced; transport vehicles and corridors should be timely cleaned and

washed, and the roads should maintain a certain humidity; wheel-washing equipments should

be used before the vehicles leave the construction site; transport vehicles should be driven at

low speed and at a speed limit when entering the construction site, so as to reduce the amount

of floating dust; the vehicles that transport sandy gravel materials, cement, muck and so on

should be covered by tarps for the reason to reduce floating dust; bulk cement containers should

be closed for protection.

（3）Reducing floating dust in the use and storage of materials: the construction materials

should be loaded and unloaded carefully; commercial concrete should be adopted, so as to

reduce dust pollution; commercial bagged cement should be adopted where possible, bulk

cement should be kept in sealed storage, the pneumatic discharge should be adopted, the


13

concrete mixed on site should be avoided; when loading and transporting earth and rock, the

earth and rock in truck bed should be lower than the tailgate of the truck; when stacking earth,

rock, sand and other materials temporarily, the surface of these materials should be covered by

canopies or regularly watered, or other measures should be taken; the muck should be cleaned

and shipped as soon as possible; the roads for construction should be timely watered for dust

suppression.

（4）The construction machines that discharge heavy smoke should be equipped with

smoke consuming apparatus, so as to reduce air pollution in the environment.

（5）The transport vehicles and construction machines can generate the most serious

exhaust emission when idling, slowing down and speeding up, and therefore the vehicles and

part of the construction machines in the construction site should be controlled at a smooth

speed, so as to reduce exhaust pollution in traveling.

（6）The energy used by the construction workers for living should be clean energy, such

as electricity, liquefied petroleum gas and so on.

（7）All the vehicles that access the construction site and transport the wastes dismantled

should be required to be intact and be tightly covered with canvas, and the vehicles shall not

be filled to a level which will cause overflow of materials during transportation;

（8）The overloading of transport vehicles should be prohibited, the vehicles should be

driven at low speed and at a speed limit when entering the construction site, so as to reduce

the amount of floating dust, and the transport channels within the construction site should be

cleaned and washed in a timely manner, so as to reduce the floating dust caused by vehicle

traveling;

（9）The protection walls should be built around the construction site, and the vehicles

that assess the site should be driven at a limited speed;

（10）The building institutions and construction institutions should appoint necessary

full-time or part-time environmental protection regulators, who shall take the responsibility to

oversee the implementation of the measures for preventing and controlling atmospheric

pollution during the construction period, thus once troubles occur, proper measures can be

taken in time.

2.1.2 Water Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Construction Period

In order to mitigate the impact of wastewater during the construction period, the


14

following measures are recommended:

（1）In the construction contract, the construction institutions should meet relevant

regulations on environmental protection.

（2）The master plan for temporary drainage system within the construction area should

be prepared before construction; during the construction period, temporary drainage ditches

should be built in the construction site for the discharge of rainwater, and an earth

embankment should also be built to prevent the off-site water that flows into the leveled area,

so as to prevent water standing in the range that affects the stability of side slopes.

（3）The water for flushing and concrete curing should be reused as often as possible;

during the construction period, the rainwater and sewage, muddy wastewater in piling and

water accumulation in the site should be collected and go through precipitation treatment, and

then the supernatant should be discharged and the mud should be carried away by mud

vehicles. As for the construction sites that generate oily wastewater when washing and

repairing vehicles and machines, small grease traps and oil collecting basins should be set up.

The drainage should comply with the Class 1 Discharge Standard of GB8978-96.

（4）In the construction site, simple flush toilets should be built, the fecal sewage should

be collected in a centralized manner and be treated through a tertiary septic tank, in which the

sewage should stay for no less than 12 hours, and then be discharged together with general

domestic sewage after being treated up to the standards. The oily wastewater generated by the

canteen in the construction site should go through grease separation, and after that, it should

be discharged together with general domestic wastewater after being treated up to the

standards.

2.1.3 Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Construction Period

In order to enable the noise at boundary of the enterprise meet the standards, the

following measures are recommended:

（1）The noise source should be reduced: low-noise equipments should be selected

among various construction equipments, for example, such as high-speed vibrator should be

adopted, impact stake shall be replaced by static pre-stressed pipe pile and jetted cast-in-place

pile when piling (less geological damage), and as for fixed machines, excavators and earth

moving machines, the noises shall be reduced by using exhaust muffler and through the

isolation of vibration components of engines; the quality of equipment installation should be


15

improved, and the main devices should adopt the measures for vibration reduction and

prevention; the dynamic machinery equipments should be repaired and maintained regularly,

so as to prevent the equipments to increase the sound pressure level when working due to the

vibration of loose components or damaged mufflers; the equipments should be shut down

after use or when not in use.

（2）The layout of construction site should be arranged rationally: a lot of dynamic

machinery equipments at the same place should be avoided, so as to avoid high local sound

level; noise barrier should be set up around the equipments with high noise level, so as to

mitigate noise effect, and the bounding walls with a specified height should be built around

the plant boundary.

（3）The construction time should be arranged rationally: the equipments with high noise

level should not be used simultaneously. Except the processes that need to be operated

continuously, such as the drilling, borehole cleaning and concrete filling of cast-in-place pile

drivers, the foundation pit excavation in earthwork, cast-in-place concrete basement and

cast-in-place concrete roof, the nighttime construction should be prohibited under other

conditions; any nighttime construction must be reported to the environmental protection

administrations for approval. If any noisy construction must be carried out at night, it is

recommended to set up some temporary noise barriers around the noisy construction

machines, so as to reduce noises.

（4）The man-made noises should be minimized: the machines and equipments should

be operated according to prescribed procedures. The noises made when the formworks and

supports are crashing into each other in loading and unloading process should be minimized;

the items should be handled gently, the construction tools should not be thrown about or

thrown away; transport vehicles should properly limit speed when entering the site, and

whistle should be banned.

（5）The construction institutions should appoint necessary full-time or part-time

environmental protection regulators to oversee the implementation of noise control measures

during the construction process, deal with environmental problems and disputes, as well as

assist local environmental protection departments in law enforcement efforts to protect

environment.


16

2.1.4 Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Construction

Period

In order to reduce the impact of solid wastes generated by the construction on the

surrounding environment, the following measures are recommended:

（1）The construction sequence should be designed in a reasonable manner, the

excavation volume and embankment volume should be balanced where possible, the spoil

should be timely backfilled, so as to reduce the time and scope of its influence on atmosphere,

soil and ecology.

（2）The construction period should be arranged in a reasonable manner, and the

construction wastes should be used as fills where possible; the construction wastes should be

recycled for comprehensive utilization as much as possible during the construction, so as to

reduce the final wastes; the construction wastes should be piled up in special places according

to the requirements of local environmental protection departments and relevant departments,

and the construction wastes, which need to be classified before stacking, should be sent

separately to specified dumps after classification according to relevant provisions. The

construction wastes should be timely cleaned, transported and disposed, and the dumping into

nearby rivers should be strictly prohibited, so as to avoid water body pollution.

（ 3）The temporary garbage collection containers should be established in the

construction site and the living quarters for construction workers, the domestic garbage

should be well collected and promptly cleaned during the construction, and then the domestic

garbage should be sent to specified garbage dumps or landfills after centralized stacking, so as

to prevent littering and random dumping.

2.2 Pollution Prevention and Control Countermeasure and Measures in Operation

Period

2.2.1 Water Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Operation Period

Relying on the existing sewage treatment station, the wastewater treatment of this

technical upgrading project can achieve discharge standards. The wastewater quality after the

completion of the technical upgrading project basically remains consistent with that before the

project, and the waste water volume decreased compared with the former one. Therefore, it is

feasible to rely on the existing rely on the sewage treatment station after the completion of


17

technical upgrading project. The technical process of wastewater treatment of the existing

sewage station can be seen in Figure 2-1.


18

图 2-1 污水处理系统流程简图

Figure 2-1 Flow Chart of Sewage Treatment System

厌氧处理系统 Anaerobic treatment system

集水井斜网初沉池

集水井斜网厌氧沉淀池洗草废水水解均衡池

N, P

ANAM

ET厌

氧反

应器

美拉美生物沉淀池

CH4送锅炉燃烧剩余厌氧污泥入污泥混合池

选择池曝气池快混池 1 快混池 2 达标排放

复合铝铁

污泥入污泥混合池

厌氧处理系统

制浆废水

办公生活污水格栅

沉淀污泥入污泥混合池

格栅

沉淀污泥入污泥混合池

在线监测二沉池

三沉池一

三沉池二

絮凝剂

剩余污泥进入厌氧反应器

均衡池选择池


19

洗草废水 Straw Washing Wastewater

格栅 Screen

集水井 Water Collecting Well

斜网 Inclined Wire

厌氧沉淀池 Anaerobic Sedimentation Tank

水解均衡池 Hydrolysis Homogenization Tank

ANAMET厌氧反应器 ANAMET Anaerobic Reactor

CH4送锅炉燃烧 CH4 into combustion boiler

剩余厌氧污泥入污泥混合池 Residual anaerobic sludge into sludge mixing

tank

美拉美生物沉淀池 LAMELLA Biological Sedimentation Tank

沉淀污泥入污泥混合池 Sediment sludge into sludge mixing tank

选择池 Selecting Tank

沉淀污泥入污泥混合池 Sediment sludge into sludge mixing tank

均衡池 Homogenization Tank

初沉池 First Sedimentation Tank

斜网 Inclined Wire

制浆废水

办公生活污水

Pulping Wastewater

Working and Domestic Wastewater

达标排放 Discharge on Standard

在线监测 Online Monitoring

三沉池一

三沉池二

Tertiary Sedimentation Tank No.1

Tertiary Sedimentation Tank No.2

污泥入污泥混合池 Sludge into sludge mixing tank

絮凝剂 Flocculant

快混池 2 Rapid Mixing Tank No.2

快混池 1 Rapid Mixing Tank No.1

复合铝铁 Composite Aluminum Iron

二沉池 Secondary Sedimentation Tank

曝气池 Aeration Tank

选择池 Selecting Tank


20

剩余污泥进入厌氧反应器 Residual sludge into anaerobic reactor


21

Aerobic primary settling tank Aerobic

homogenization tank

Exterior of biochemical

aeration tank

Interior of biochemical

aeration tank

Inflow of biochemical

system

Secondary sedimentation tank


22


23

1. Overview of Technical Process and Principle

（1）ANAMET Anaerobic Reactor Treating Techniques

The straw washing wastewater of high concentration flows automatically to sewage

treatment plant through open channels and then into the anaerobic wells. Afterwards, lift

pump lifts the wastewater to elevated oblique sieve where a large amount of fibers are

captured and recycled while 50% SS in original water being removed. This has greatly

reduced the operating load of sedimentation tank.

The wastewater after treatment by anaerobic inclined screening flows by gravity into the

first sedimentation tank. Polymers are put into the water inlets of first anaerobic

sedimentation tank in order to accelerate the flocculation and separation of particulate matter.

Suspended particles and fibers settle to the bottom of the tank and then are removed. The

sludge in first anaerobic sedimentation tank is pumped to the sludge mixing tank.

Water spilled from first anaerobic sedimentation tank flows into the anaerobic hydrolysis

homogenization tank where flow quantity and concentration are homogenized to avoid the

impact on biological systems led by load fluctuation. Meanwhile, the residual activated sludge

generated from aerobic treatment is pumped into anaerobic hydrolysis homogenization tank

for digestion treatment. The retention time in anaerobic hydrolysis homogenization tank is 8

hours (including aerobic returned sludge), and the tank is equipped a head cover to reduce

undesirable odor. Two anaerobic lift pumps are established beside anaerobic hydrolysis

homogenization tank to pump the wastewater to anaerobic jar.

In the ANAMET anaerobic reactor, solid organic matters hydrolyze into dissolved

organic matters under continuous action of extracellular enzymes. Dissolved organic matters

receive the action of acid-producing bacteria and produce organic acid, hydrogen sulfide and

ammonia free. Organic acid produces methane and carbon dioxide under the action of

methanogenic bacteria and removes them from the system so as to achieve the purpose of

removing organic matters.

This system includes a eutrophic aerobic activated sludge which can reduce the volume

of sludge and costs of dewatering and disposal operation through the treatment of anaerobic

digestion. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus can be precipitated out of the residual aerobic

activated sludge through anaerobic digestion. The precipitated nitrogen and phosphorus can

be used for anaerobic reaction and synthesis of microbial cells in posterior segment of aerobic

treatment process, thus greatly reducing the dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus of this


24

biochemical system.

The biogas containing 40-60% of methane is collected through the top pipes from

anaerobic reactor.

The mixed liquor spilled from the ANAMET anaerobic reactor flows into the

flocculation reaction zone of LAMELLA biological sedimentation tank after precipitating the

supersaturated gas by degassing tower. During the mixing process of flocculation mixer, the

supersaturated gas is further precipitated while the flocs of anaerobic sludge grow up. Sinking

sludge goes into the sludge thickening zone where it will be compressed and precipitated to a

certain concentration and then pumped into the anaerobic reactor through sludge return pump.

Residual anaerobic sludge is sent to sludge mixing tank to be mixed with aerobic sludge for

dewatering treatment.

The supersaturated gas precipitated through degassing tower and the gas precipitated

from the flocculation reaction zone of LAMELLA biological sedimentation tank contain

hydrogen sulfide and volatile gas of aromatic group with a foul odor. In order to avoid

secondary pollution, ventilators are applied to pump this gas and then pressurize and transport

it into the aerator at the bottom of the aerobic aeration tank for oxidation and absorption.

The clarified water in LAMELLA biological sedimentation tank flows automatically

through overflow weir and catchment system into selection tank of aerobic aeration system

for aerobic treatment.

（2）Aerobic Treatment Techniques

The techniques of aerobic treatment facilities include coagulating sedimentation and

completely mixed activated sludge with biological selector.

① Pulping Wastewater Pretreatment (Coagulating Sedimentation)

Pulping wastewater flows to the sewage treatment plant by gravity through open channel,

and enters the inlet well through mechanical screens. It is then raised to inclined sieve by

water pumps and drawn to the first sedimentation tank by gravity after inclined screening.

Polymers are added into the water inlets of first sedimentation tank in order to accelerate the

flocculation and separation of particulate matter. The sludge in first sedimentation tank is

pumped to the sludge mixing tank. Water spilled from first sedimentation tank flows into the

hydrolysis homogenization tank where flow quantity and concentration of the wastewater are

homogenized to avoid the impact on biological systems led by load fluctuation. The

wastewater is pumped to the selection tank after homogenization.


25

②Biological Treatment System (Completely Mixed Activated Sludge with Biological

Selector)

Biological treatment system applies a selecting tank and activated sludge treating

techniques. The aeration equipment adopts the U.S. MTS jet aeration system to ensure good

mixing and adequate oxygen delivery for the aeration tank.

（3）Tertiary Treatment Techniques

In consideration of the poor biodegradability of wastewater, merely using biological

processing treatment can not meet the standard of COD <90mg/l. Therefore, the chemical

flocculation treatment is needed, and one rapid mixing tank and two chemical sedimentation

tanks are built. Firstly, adding composite aluminum and iron in rapid mixing tank, then

adding polymers in the wastewater overflowed from rapid mixing tank and drawing it into

two parallel chemical sedimentation tanks. Finally, the chemical flocculation and

sedimentation will be completed in sedimentation tank.

（4）Treatment Measures of White Water

At present, enterprises use two sets of ultra-efficient shallow air flotation devices for

white water treatment. Ultra-efficient shallow air flotation device is widely adopted by many

papermaking enterprises both at home and abroad for paper machine white water treatment

because of its high removal rate of SS. The white water after treatment can meet the standards

for production water in pulp preparation and papermaking workshops. It can be reused for

pulp preparation or papermaking section with large quantity of fibers being recycled. The

imported Andritz multi-disk white water recovery equipment is adopted to strengthen the

recycling of white water.

2. Scale of Treatment

The scale of existing sewage treatment station includes: 17,000m3/d of anaerobic

treatment systems, 55,000m3/d of aerobic treatment systems, and 48,000m

3/d of tertiary

treatment systems.

（3）Sludge Disposal

The sludge of this project is sent to the solid waste mixed combustion boilers after

treatment by frame filter press for further incineration treatment.

（4）On-line Monitoring and Control


26

2.2.2 Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Operation Period

High noise equipment of the proposed construction project include powder machine,

blower, air compressor, sewage station blower, pumps, etc., with source strength values

between 80 ~ 95 dB (A).

During the design process, the overall noise control measures should comply with the

following principles:

（1）It is necessary to start with the control of noise sources, the manufactures should be

required to offer the equipments with a noise level not exceeding the design standard values

when ordering the equipments, and the silencers and sound-proof devices should be installed

on some equipment when necessary.

（2）In the design of equipments and pipes, anti-vibration and anti-shock should be

considered, so as to reduce the vibration noise, and the state of flow field in gas transportation

should be considered, so as to reduce the aerodynamic noise.

（3）In the design of plant construction, the main place for work and rest should be kept

away from strong sound sources, and the duty room should be established when necessary, so

as to isolate and protect the staff from noises. The sound insulation of the plant must be

ensured in the plant construction.

（4）The overall arrangement in the plant site should be planned as a whole with a

rational distribution, and the noise-proof spacing should be considered. The green belts should

be extensively established in the plant area, the front area of the plant and the areas inside and

outside the plant boundary walls, so as to further reduce the impact of noises on the

surrounding environment.

The proposed project adopts different control measures according to the types of various


27

equipments.

（1）Analysis of Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures of Mechanical

Equipments

For the noise produced by pulp washer, hay cutter, air compressor, etc. in the production

workshop when the technical upgrading project is completed, main control measures include:

① controlling noise from the source by choosing low noise equipment that meet the national

noise standard; ② building vibration reduction base for mechanical equipment; ③

installing mechanical equipment inside the workshop with doors and windows processed in

accordance with sound insulation requirements.

（2）Analysis of Blower Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures

Noise produced by blower mainly includes: aerodynamic noise radiated in air inlets and

outlets. Generally the main radiation area of the pressure fan is the air inlet, and the main

radiation area of the draught fan is the air outlet; mechanical noise radiated by chassis, motors,

and bearings, etc. Noise produced by blowers is broadband noise, mostly aerodynamic noise.

Main noise reduction measures of blower in the proposed construction project include: ①

building vibration reduction base, installing anti-vibration pads with elastic support or elastic

continuum to reduce the vibration, thus lowering the low-frequency noise caused by blower

vibration; ② installing the blower inside the workshop or the equipment room and reduce

the source strength through building sound insulation; ③ adding sound insulation cover on

the equipments; and ④ adding mufflers.

（3）Analysis of Pump Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures

Pump noise is mainly medium frequency mechanical and electromagnetic noise

produced by the pump body and motors. Water pumps used in this project are low noise

equipment. The main control measure is to add vibration reduction base, and install it inside

the workshop if possible

In addition, afforestation is carried out to deaden the noise’s influence on the

surrounding environment. With all the above-mentioned measures, the noise of the plant

meets the Grade III Standard of the “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at

Boundary” (GB12348-2008).

Noise control measures adopted in this technical upgrading project is widely used and

relatively mature, which can effectively reduce the noise. The noise reduction measures are


28

effective and feasible.

2.2.3 Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Operation

Period

The solid wastes generated in this project mainly include boiler ash and slag, white bole,

sludge, wheat bran, pulp residue, sodium sulfate and domestic waste, which all belong to

general solid waste. Boiler ash and slag are temporarily stored in 2,000m2

flyash storage yard,

white bole is temporarily stored in 20,000m3 white bole landfill. Boiler ash and slag and white

bole are sold to Zhumadian Municipal Yulong Tongli Cement Co., Ltd. as raw materials for

cement production. Wet sludge is directly transported to sludge drying station for incineration

treatment along with wheat bran and pulp residue in solid waste incineration boiler. Wheat

bran and pulp residue are temporarily stored in the 600m2 solid waste storage yard located in

the west of solid waste incineration boiler. Sodium sulfate is temporarily stored in the corner

of chlorine dioxide preparation workshop after treatment of bagging for regular sale.

The impermeable treatment in white bole landfill applies artificial impermeable materials

such as plastic films and geotechnical cloths with permeability coefficient of 1×10-11

cm/s,

ensuring no pollution is brought to groundwater. The impermeable layers cover a range of the

inside slope of flood bank and the whole area of bottom of slag yard. There are altogether

three layers of the impermeable layers. The first layer is the impermeable cushion layer with

cushion thickness more than 0.2m using clay as its material. The second layer is the

impermeable liner cushion layer using high density polyethylene as impermeable materials,

which is the key layer of the impermeable treatment. The third layer is the impermeable

cushion protective layer with protective layers more than 0.2m thick above the impermeable

liner cushion layer using clay as its material. Flood banks are built around the landfill not only

to prevent off-site rainwater and flood from flowing into the plant area, but also to keep the

rainwater and the leachate generated from rainwater when it permeates into waste slag from

flowing out of the landfill.

The solid waste discharge of the project can be seen in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 List of Generation and Discharge of Solid Waste projects

No. Name Source Main Components Nature

Producti

on

t/a

Disposal

Method

1 Boiler

ash

Power

workshop Fly ash, slag

General

solid 78,000

For sale as raw

materials of


29

waste cement

production

2 White

bole

Alkali

recovery

workshop

Water content of 50%,

CaCO3, NaOH,

Ca(OH)2

General

solid

waste

7,650

For sale as raw

materials of

cement

production

3 Sludge

Sewage

treatment

station


organic matter, short

fiber, filler

General

solid

waste

20,294

It should be sent

to solid waste

incineration

boiler for

burning.

4 Wheat

bran

Preparation

section

Wheat bran, water

content of about 40%

General

solid

waste

3,740

5 Pulp

residue

Pulping

workshop


organic matter, short

fiber

General

solid

waste

1,360

6 Domestic

garbage

Office and

life /

General

solid

waste

5.1 It should be sent

to landfills.

7 Mirabilite ClO2

production Sodium sulphate

General

solid

waste

3,944 For sale as a

by-product

2.2.4 Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Operation

Period

As for his project, the waste gas mainly includes the waste gas from solid waste mixed

combustion boiler, the waste gas from alkali recovery furnace, the waste gas from ClO2

production system, etc., and the control measures for various kinds of waste gas are shown in

Table 2-2.

Table 2-2 List of Waste Gas Control Measures

Pollutant Name Treatment Measures Way of Emission

Waste gas from solid waste

mixed combustion boiler

99.95%

Single-stage electric field electrostatic

precipitator + semi-dry flue gas

desulphurization + fibre precipitator

with 85% desulphurization efficiency

and 99.95% dust collection efficiency.

Discharged by a

100m high waste

funnel.

Waste gas from alkali

recovery boiler

Dual-chamber two-stage electric field

electrostatic precipitator with 98% dust

collection efficiency.

Discharged by an

80m high exhaust

funnel.

Waste gas from ClO2

production system

Alkali liquor scrubbers with 90%

adsorption efficiency.

Discharged by a 25m

high exhaust funnel.

（1）Analysis of Boiler Waste Gas Pollution Prevention and Control Measures

Waste gas produced by 2 110t/h solid waste mixed burning boilers in this project is

discharged by a 100m exhaust funnel after being treated by a single-stage electric field


30

electrostatic precipitator and semi-dry flue gas desulphurization and a fibre precipitator

respectively.

Single-Stage Electric Field Electrostatic Precipitator

①Working Principle

There are four stages in the dust collection process of electrostatic precipitator:

a. Gas Ionization: high-pressure electric field is formed, with corona discharging to

ionize the air;

b. Stive Dust Charging: collision charging and diffusion charging

c. Stive Dust Collection: according to the principle of “like electric charges repel each

other; unlike ones attract”, the charged stive dust moves to anode and cathode of the

precipitator and eventually adsorb on anode and cathode;

d. Stive Dust Rapping and Falling: striking anode and cathode through rapping device to

make stive dust gathered on anode and cathode fall into the dust hopper in bulk.

Generally speaking, electrostatic precipitator is mainly composed of the cathode

(discharge electrode) and the anode (dust collecting electrode). Under normal circumstances,

the gas is considered insulative. Therefore, the dust particles remain at the original flow

condition along with the airflow while the dust contained gas moving through discharge

system before high-voltage DC power supply is connected. When high-voltage DC power

supply is connected to discharge system, a high-voltage electric field is formed. When the

voltage between two electrodes increases to a certain value, charge density of the discharge

electrode increases, and partly gas breakdown leads to the phenomenon of corona discharge,

thereby destroying the insulation of the gas near the electrodes and ionizing them. In other

words, the corona discharge in cathode rays has ionized the gas near the electrodes into

positive and negative ions. Since the electrostatic complies with the principle of “like electric

charges repel each other; unlike ones attract”, so the ionized positive and negative ions all

move the opposite direction in their electric fields, i.e., positive ions move towards the

negatively charged electrode, while negative ions moving towards positively charged

electrode. If the dust contained gas move through the above-mentioned high-voltage electric

fields at this time, the positive and negative ions in electric fields will collide with and adsorb

on the dust particles as they progress, thus charging the neutral dust particles. This is the

charging process of dust particles. Such charging phenomenon keeps happening until the

charging is saturated. If the uniform electric fields are formed between two electrodes and

discharge together, the positive and negative discharging process on dust particles will be


31

conducted at the same time, failing to achieve the dust collecting effect. But if the positive

and negative electrodes are made into different shapes to form non-uniform electric fields

between them, which means increasing the electric field density around negative electrode

(cathode) to form the discharge electrode and reducing the electric field density around

positive electrode (anode) to form the dust collecting electrode, and when the voltage between

two electrodes reaches to a certain value, electric discharge occurs around the negative

electrode instead of positive one. The positive charges generated around negative electrode

are immediately attracted to negative electrode, and the negative charges move towards

positive electrode. The negative charges are adsorbed on dust particles and charge them with

negative electricity during their moving process towards positive electrode. The dust particles

are driven by electric field force towards positive electrode and lose its electrical property.

Rapping device is applied to shake electrode plates and let dust particles fall into the dust

hopper, thus realizing the dust collecting effect. The working principle of electrostatic

precipitator is shown in Figure 2-2, and dust collection process is shown in Figure 2-3.

图 2-2 静电除尘器工作原理示意图

Figure 2-2 Working Principle of Electrostatic Precipitator

金属管集尘极 Metal Tube Dust Collecting Electrode

含负离子区 Negative Ions Contained Zone

放电金属线电晕极 Corona Electrode with Discharging Metal

Wire


32

电晕区 Corona Zone

图 2-3 静电除尘器工作过程示意图

Figure 2-3 Working Process of Electrostatic Precipitator

电晕放电（气体电离） Corona Discharge (Ionization of Gas)

粉尘荷电 Stive Dust Charging

收尘 Dust Collection

②Features of Electrostatic Precipitator

◆ Low energy consumption. The fundamental difference between electrostatic

precipitator and other precipitator is that the separation force is directly applied on the ions

instead of airflow, presenting the characteristic of low energy consumption.

◆Low resistance. Once the flue gas gets into electrostatic precipitator, it neither makes

any turns nor collides with other objects but flows at a low speed, realizing low resistance for

the gas.

◆High dust collection efficiency with stable operation. In general, the dust collection


33

efficiency of two-stage electrostatic precipitator can be up to 98%, three-stage electrostatic

precipitator 99% and four and five-stage electrostatic precipitator 99.9% and above. The

efficiency can be further improved as long as conditions permit. In addition, the dust

collection efficiency is relatively stable and after operating for a period of time, the efficiency

will not significantly decrease.

◆Large flue gas treatment volume.

◆Wide range of application with capability of treating high temperature flue gas.

Generally the electrostatic precipitator can treat flue gas below 400 ℃ . It possesses

preferable adaptability for smoke dust concentration and particle size disparity, capable of

capturing fine stive dust of 0.1μm size.

◆High automation degree with reliable operation. The electrostatic precipitator uses

microcomputer to achieve comprehensive automation. The fact that it contains fewer

machinery parts has led to small maintenance workload under normal circumstances, realizing

continuous and stable operation in the long run.

Semi-Dry Flue Gas Desulphurization

Semi-dry flue gas desulphurization is a new desulfurization process developed by

German company “LURGI” in late eighties. This technology applies dry slaked lime powder

Ca (OH) 2 as absorbent based on the principles of the circulating fluidized bed. Through

multiple recirculation of the absorbent, the exposure time between absorbent and flue gas has

been prolonged in the desulfurization tower, thus realizing the purpose of effective

desulfurization while greatly improving the utilization of absorbent. Through the chemical

reaction, the acid gas in flue gas such as SO2, SO3, HF and HCl can be effectively removed.

Desulfurization slag, the final product desulfurization, is a free-flowing dry powder mixture

without secondary pollution that could be further recycled. This process is mainly used for

boiler flue gas desulfurization in power station. The flue gas treatment volume of single

desulfurization tower is applicable for boilers of the evaporation volume between 75t/h to

1,025t/h, with 85% to 98% SO2 removal rate. It is currently the best desulfurization method

with highest single tower processing capacity and highest comprehensive benefits among all

the dry and semi-dry desulfurization technologies.

①Working Principle

Ca（OH）2+ SO2= CaSO3 + H2O

Ca（OH）2+ 2HF= CaF2 +2H2O


34

Ca（OH）2+ SO3= CaSO4 + H2O

Ca（OH）2+ 2HCl= CaCl2 + 2H2O

CaSO3+ 1/2O2= CaSO4

②Working Process

The flow chart of semi-dry flue gas desulphurization can be seen in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4 Flow Chart of Semi-Dry Flue Gas Desulphurization

消石灰 Slaked Lime

循环流化 Circulating Fluidized Bed

布袋除尘 Bag Dust Collection

工艺水 Process Water

锅炉烟气 Boiler Flue Gas

脱硫灰 Desulfurization Ash

干灰 Dry Ash

中间灰仓 Middle Ash Silo

洁净烟气 Clean Flue Gas

③Process Features


35

◆ Flue gas and desulfurization absorbent sufficiently react with each other in

desulfurization tower for a long period of exposure time. The recycling rate of

desulfurization absorbent is relatively high.

◆Since there is no moving part or wearing part in desulfurization tower, the entire device

is free from maintenance.

◆The system equipment is free from phenomena of bonding, clogging and corrosion

because both desulfurization absorbent and slag are dry.

◆When the type of coal changes, there is no need to add any additional equipment. Only

increasing the amount of desulfurization absorbent will meet the desulfurization

efficiency.

◆It ensures high removal rate of SO2 while keeping low flue gas dew point after

desulfurization, no anti-corrosion measure is demanded for any equipment and flue.

◆Desulfurization system is adaptable to a wide range of load change of the boiler,

reaching 30% to 110% of the boiler load.

◆Desulfurization system is simple and the entire equipment covers a small range of area.

◆Desulfurization system consumes little energy without wastewater discharge.

◆Desulfurization system owns low costs in investment, operation and maintenance.

Fibre precipitator

Bag dust collecting is an efficient dust collecting technology using dust bag to filter out

the stive dust in flue gas, suitable for low temperature, low moisture content, and

non-corrosive gas treatment, which has advantages such as wide adaptability to gas volume,

stable processing efficiency and high dust collecting efficiency, thus fibre precipitator is

widely used in the industry. By selecting appropriate filter, reasonable filtration velocity and

reliable cleaning method, the dust collection efficiency can be stabilized at 99% and above.

（2）Analysis on Pollution Prevention and Control Measures of Alkali Furnace Waste

Gas

After the completion of technical upgrading project, the prevention and control measures

for alkali furnace waste gas are taken on the basis of the existing projects. Waste gas from the

existing 110t/h alkali furnace is discharged by an 80m funnel after treatment of dual-chamber

two-stage electric field electrostatic precipitator. The dust removal rate of dual-chamber

two-stage electric field electrostatic precipitator can reach above 98%.

（3）Analysis on Pollution Prevention and Control Measures of Chlorine Dioxide


36

Preparation System Waste Gas

After the completion of technical upgrading project, the waste gas from the chlorine

dioxide preparation system is discharged by a 25m funnel after treatment of alkali liquor

scrubbers.

Alkali Liquor Scrubber

The working principle of alkali liquor scrubber is to remove impurities in the gas by

solvent reactions. Alkali liquor scrubber is mainly made of PVC, PP and FRP materials,

equipped with reverse packing absorption system, sprinkler system, fog removal device

system inside the scrubber, and water supply tank, for water supply pump system, air inlet and

outlet, fan, air duct, and hood systems at the bottom of the scrubber. This scrubber owns

various features such as low price, simple processing method, applicable for installation in

economic space, treatment of gaseous and liquid pollution sources, durable resistance to

strong acid and alkali, applicable for middle and low air volume, and free from clogging. This

scrubber is suitable to removing dust and acid waste gas such as H2S, CI2, HCl, NOX, SOX

and malodorous gas. It is widely used in waste gas treatment in such industries as electronics,

chemicals, electroplating, steel, nonferrous metals, metal fabrication, pharmaceutical, paper,

sewage treatment plants with over 90% acid waste gas adsorption efficiency.

As for this project, the waste gas from the chlorine dioxide preparation system can meet

the Class 2 standard and fugitive discharge standard of the “Integrated Emission Standard of

Air Pollutants” (GB16297-1996).

（5）Control and Treatment Measures of Fugitive Waste Gas Emission

The fugitive waste gas of this project is mainly the ClO2 and Cl2 discharged from

production workshop. Through strengthening environmental management, improving

maintenance of equipment, pipelines, gas gathering systems, replacing damaged parts in time,

and strengthening greening around the plant area, the impact of fugitive emission on the

surrounding environment can be reduced effectively.


37

3 Environmental Management

3.1 Corporate Environmental Management

（1）Institution Building for Environmental Protection Management

The enterprise establishes the Environmental Protection Management Committee, the

enterprise’s general manager serves as the director of the Committee, the principal responsible

persons of various institutions are the member of the Environmental Protection Management

Committee, the CPC Party Secretary is in charge of specific environmental protection work, the

Safety and Environmental Protection Department is responsible for the daily environmental

protection management of the enterprise, specifically including solid waste reduction and

control, waste gas control and treatment, wastewater control and treatment, noise control and

so on. Each institution should appoint a part-time environmental protection responsible person

and a part-time environmental protection staff, the part-time environmental protection responsible

person should be the leader of the institution, and the environmental protection staff should be

responsible for the daily environmental protection management and liaison works within the

department.

（2）Environmental Management System

The enterprise has established a responsibility system for environmental protection,

including the responsibility of general manager, the inspection and supervision of the Safety and

Environmental Protection Department; the implementation of various institutions, as well as

the tour inspection of each section, this system incorporates the environmental protection

equipments and environmental protection stakeholders within the whole enterprise into the

organizational network of environmental protection management, so that every environmental

protection facility has a specific responsible person. The production institution implements the

working system of four panels of workers in three shifts, And as for the production equipments and

environmental production equipments, the combination of central control, on-site tour inspection and daily

spot check should be implemented, so as to find the problems, report timely and ensure the up-to-standard

discharge of pollutants.

The enterprise has developed various environmental management systems, which are on

the way to perfection, proposed the environmental guideline of “law-abiding, energy

conservation and consumption reduction, cleaner production, achieving sustainable

development”, and in accordance with the guideline, developed its corporate environmental


38

goals, with the assessment carried out monthly, so as to reward the good and fine the bad. In terms

of pollution control, the enterprise has formulated various procedures relating to

environmental protection, such as the “Procedure of Environmental Factor Identification and

Assessment”, the “Procedure of Wastewater Treatment and Control”, the “Procedure of Boiler

Flue Gas Emission Control”, the “Noise Control Procedure”, the “Waste Control Procedure”,

the “Procedure of Resources and Energy Conservation Control”, the “Chemical Management

Procedure” and the “Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedure”, and all of the

Procedures are in normal operation at present. In addition, the duties of environmental

protection responsible person and environmental protection staff in each institution should be

implemented, the institution should keep appropriate records on various management work as

“proof and evidence”, the integrated routine post inspection should be implemented, and the

assessment results should be incorporated into the performance of mid-level leaders, so as to

make sure a continuous and stable operation of the environmental management system and its

continuous improvement.

3.2 Environmental Management Measures

1. Environmental management measures in construction period

⑴ As for the project construction, the competent authority should be fully responsible

for the environmental protection work during the construction period, and it should

implement the environmental protection plan during the construction period, carry out regular

inspections, as well as accept the supervision and guidance of the Environmental Protection

Department of Henan Province.

⑵ According to the recommendations on environmental protection measures and

countermeasures in the report and requirements of the environmental protection departments,

the construction procedure and site layout should be arranged in a unified manner.

⑶ The environment duty management should be imposed on the construction teams, the

construction should be carried out according to the environmental protection requirements,

and the implementation of environmental protection plans should be inspected and supervised

during the construction process.

2. Environmental management in operation period

The environmental protection work in operation period should be incorporated into the

entire management work, attentions should be paid to environmental protection in every link


39

of management work, the environmental protection work should be supervised on a regular

basis, and the supervision and guidance of the Environmental Protection Department of

Henan Province should be accepted.

In summary, the main environmental impacts of this project and corresponding

mitigation measures are shown in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1 Summary of Main Environmental Impacts and Corresponding Mitigation

Measures

Projec

t

Phase

s

Affected Field Possible Impact Proposed Mitigation

Measures

Imple

menti

ng

Party

Supe

rvisi

on

Part

y

Monito

ring

Party

Desig

n

period

Selection of

pulp bleaching

process

Discharge of water

pollutants

Adopt the elemental

chlorine-free bleaching

process

/

Bai

yun

Pap

er C

o.,

Ltd

. /

/ /

Constr

uction

period

Land

utilization and

acquisition

This project does not

involve new land. /

Envir

onm

enta

l P

rote

ctio

n D

epar

tmen

t of

Hen

an P

rovin

ce,

Zhum

adia

n M

unic

ipal

Envir

onm

enta

l

Pro

tect

ion B

ure

au

Envir

onm

enta

l M

onit

ori

ng C

ente

r of

Hen

an P

rovin

ce, Z

hum

adia

n M

unic

ipal

Envir

onm

enta

l

Monit

ori

ng

Sta

tion

General issues

in construction

Floating dust,

vehicle exhaust,

construction

wastewater, noise

from construction

machines and

equipments,

construction spoil

and construction

waste

Rules and regulations on

construction site should be

strict, the noise source

should be reduced, and the

layout of construction site

should be arranged

rationally.

Demolition of

waste

equipment and

facilities

Environmental,

safety and health

risks

It should be carried out by

relevant qualified

institutions, so as to ensure

safe transportation and

disposal of equipments.

Air quality

control

Floating dust,

vehicle exhaust

Well control the links that

are more inclined to

generate floating dust,

reduce the floating dust in

material use and storage.

Water quality

control

General construction

wastewater includes

the effluent from

precipitation wells

in earthwork phase,

the effluent from

concrete curing in

structural phase, as

well as the water for

washing various

vehicles.

The washing water and the

water for concrete curing

should be reused where

possible; the rainwater and

the slurry sewage in piling

and the water accumulated

in the site shall be collected

for sedimentation

treatment, and after that, the

supernatant should be

discharged, and the slurry


40

Projec

t

Phase

s


Measures

Imple

menti

ng

Party

Supe

rvisi

on

Part

y

Monito

ring

Party

should be shipped by

special vehicles.

Noise control

The equipment noise

of all kinds of

construction

machines

The construction time

should be arranged in a

reasonable manner, and the

noise source should be

reduced.

Solid waste

management

Construction spoil

and construction

waste

After separate collection

according to the

regulations, they should be

sent to specified dumps.

Public safety

within the

plant, property

owners,

contractors and

construction

party

Unexpected accident

may cause casualties

among construction

workers.

Regulate on-site safety

precautions together with

the construction

institutions, standardize the

safety operation behaviors

of construction personnel,

implement relevant safety

protection equipments,

enhance on-site safety

inspections, establish and

implement the plans for

safety emergency and

accident rescue.

operat

ion

period

Water quality

control

Black liquor in

cooking and

pulping, grey water

in pulping,

wastewater from

papermaking, water

discharged by alkali

recovery system

The black liquor should

enter into the alkali

recovery system for

treatment, the remaining

sewage should enter into

the sewage treatment

station within the plant for

treatment, and

up-to-standard emission

should be achieved.

Air quality

control

Flue dust, SO2 and

NOx from thermal

power plant and

alkali furnace in

chemical workshop

After being treated by

electrostatic precipitator /

fiber precipitator,

up-to-standard emission

should be achieved.

Noise control

Various types of

pumps in production

workshop,

compressors, coal

crushers and

blowers in thermal

power station,

high-pressure gas

venting, etc.

As for this project, the

noise is far from the plant

boundary and belongs to

indoor noise, thus the noise

generated by this project

has no impact on the

acoustic environment 220

meters away.

Solid waste

management

Sludge of the

sewage treatment

It should be sent to power

boiler for incineration and


41

Projec

t

Phase

s


Measures

Imple

menti

ng

Party

Supe

rvisi

on

Part

y

Monito

ring

Party

plant and the waste

residue generated in

material preparation.

The improper

handling of

byproduct mirabilite

generated in project

operation can cause

solid waste

pollution.

heat recovery.

Strengthen the management

of byproduct mirabilite

storage, and sell the melted

mirabilite to minimize

stock.

Risk

management

1. The accidental

discharge of

pollutants

2. During the project

operation, methanol,

concentrated sulfuric

acid and hydrogen

peroxide raw

materials, chlorine

dioxide solution

may leak into

surface water or

sewage treatment

system, thus

resulting in surface

water and river

pollution.

1. Apply spare equipment,

strengthen the accident

monitoring, and ensure the

operating performance of

the sewage treatment

station.

2、对甲

2. As for the substances that

may cause water pollution,

such as methanol,

concentrated sulfuric acid,

hydrogen peroxide raw

materials, as well as

chlorine dioxide solution,

the quantity in storage

should be limited, the tour

inspection and management

should be strengthened;

appropriate facilities should

be equipped with to deal

with leakage and

emergencies, and the

maintenance and

management should be

strengthened; develop

emergency plans for

environmental risks,

enhance the staff’s

operating skills on

equipments and technical

processes, and carry out

regular training and

assessment.

Public health,

occupational

health

Due to noise or

other reasons, the

one who works in

the same position for

a long time may

suffer from hearing

loss and other

The labor protection

supplies should be

distributed on time, the staff

should receive occupational

health examination once a

year, the eight-hour

working time should be


42

Projec

t

Phase

s


Measures

Imple

menti

ng

Party

Supe

rvisi

on

Part

y

Monito

ring

Party

occupational health

problems.

implemented strictly, job

changes should be

conducted where necessary.

Standardize and improve

the workshops’

environment, and

constantly improve the

plant’s occupational health

management system.

Public safety

within the plant

During the project

operation process,

due to operational

error or other

unexpected

accidents, the

casualties among

construction

personnel may

occur.

Develop and implement

relevant safety precautions,

establish and improve the

safety warning signs, safety

protection equipments,

develop and improve the

operating procedures of

safety facilities and

equipments. Strengthen the

safety training and

processes and equipment

operation training for

employees. Enhance on-site

safety inspections, establish

and implement the plans for

safety emergency and

accident rescue.


43

4 Environmental Risk Assessment

4.1 Environmental Risk Identification

4.1.1 Risk Range

The scope of this environmental risk identification includes the risk identification

concerning production facilities and the risk identification concerning the materials involved

in the production process.

（1）As for this project, the scope of risk identification concerning production facilities

mainly refers to the production installations area, the storage and transportation system, the

utility system, the project's environmental protection facilities and auxiliary production

facilities within the entire plant.

（2）According to the main raw materials used in this project, the products and the “three

wastes（waste gas, waste water and waste residues）” generated in the production process, the

risk identification concerning the materials involved in the production process can be

determined.

4.1.2 Risk Materials

According to the Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals (2002) and relevant materials, the

hazardous chemicals involved in the production of this technical upgrading project are

sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol, methane, hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide,

and Table 4-1 ～Table 4-6 show their names, physical and chemical properties, toxicity, etc..

Table 4-1 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sulfuric

Acid

Nature GB No. 81007

Physical

and

Chemica

l

Properti

es

CAS No. 7664-93-9

Chinese

Name Sulfuric acid

English

Name Sulfuric acid

Chinese

Alias Sulfuric acid

Molecular

Formula H2SO4

Appearance

& Character

Pure sulfuric acid is colorless,

transparent oily liquid, odorless

Molecular

Weight 98.08

Vapor

Pressure 0.13kPa(145.8℃)


44

Melting

Point

10.5 ℃ Boiling point:

330.0 ℃ Solubility Water-miscible

Density

Relative density

(water=1) 1.83; relative

density (Air=1) 3.4

Stability Stable

Hazard

Label 20 (corrosive acid)

Main

Purpose

It can be used in the production of

chemical fertilizers, and it also has a

wide range of applications in

chemical, pharmaceutical, plastics,

dyes, oil refining and other

industries.

Hazardo

us

characte

ristics

Hazardous characteristics: it can react vigorously with inflammables (such as benzene) and

organic matters (such as sugar, cellulose, etc.), or even cause a fire. It can react with a

number of active metal powders and liberate hydrogen. In the presence of water, it can

release lots of heat, even create splashing. It is highly corrosive.

Combustion (decomposition) products: sulfur oxide.

Toxicity Acute toxicity: LD5080mg/kg (taken orally by rat); LC50510mg/m

3, 2 hours (inhaled by rat);

320mg/m3, 2 hours (inhaled by mouse)

Health

Hazards

Invasion ways: inhalation, ingestion.

Health hazards: highly corrosive and irritant to human skin, mucous membranes and other

tissues. It can cause conjunctivitis, edema, corneal opacity of eyes, and even result in

blindness; it can cause respiratory irritation, severe cases may suffer from dyspnea and

pulmonary edema; high concentration can cause death due to laryngismus or glottic edema.

After oral administration, burns and even ulceration occur in digestive tract. In severe cases,

there may be gastric perforation, peritonitis, laryngismus, glottic edema, kidney damage,

shock, etc. Chronic effects include dental erosion, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and

pneumonocirrhosis.

Acciden

tal

Release

Measure

s

The people in leakage contaminated areas should evacuate rapidly to safe areas, all

unnecessary personnel should be prohibited to access to the contaminated areas, the

emergency personnel are recommended to wear masks and chemical protecting suits.

Reasonable ventilation is needed, people should not directly contact with any leakage, and let

no inflammables (wood, paper, oil, etc.) contact with the leakage, and the leaking should be

stopped if it is safe to do so. Water mist should be sprayed to slow down the volatilization (or

spread), but the water should not be sprayed directly on the leakage or the leaking point. The

leakage should be mixed with sand, dry lime or soda ash, and then the mixture should be

collected and transported to waste sites for disposal. It can also be rinsed with plenty of

water, and the diluted washing water can flow into the wastewater system. If the leakage is in

large volume, barriers should be utilized for collection, and then the leakage should be

collected, transferred, recycled or discarded after harmless treatment.

Protecti

ve

Measure

s

Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor or smoke, gas masks or

airline helmets must be worn. In cases of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended

to wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Eye protection: chemical safety protective goggles must be worn.

Protective suit: overalls should be worn (anti-corrosive material).

Hand protection: rubber gloves should be worn.

Other: a shower should be taken after working. The contaminated clothes should be stored

separately and be washed before reuse. Maintain good health habits.

First Aid

Measure

s

Dermal contact: Remove contaminated clothing, and flush immediately with clean water for

at least 15 minutes. Or rinse with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution. Seek medical attention.

Eye exposure: immediately hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline for

at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.


45

Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. If breathing is

difficult, administer oxygen. The treatment of spray inhalation of 2-4 % sodium bicarbonate

solution should be applied. Seek medical attention.

Ingestion: If swallow, please drink milk, egg whites, vegetable oil, etc., and do not induce

vomiting. Immediately seek medical attention.

Extinguishing method: sand. Do not use water.

Packagi

ng and

Storage

It should be transported by tank vehicles. It should be stored in storage tanks within the plant,

and the storage volume is about 50t.

Environ

mental

Standard

s

The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the air within workshop is

(2mg/m3)

The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere within

residential areas (one-time value: 0.30mg/ m3, daily average value 0.10mg/m

3)

Table 4-2 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sodium

Chlorate

Nature GB No. 51030

Physical

and

Chemica

l

Properti

es

CAS No. 7775-09-9

Chinese

Name sodium chlorate

English

Name sodium chlorate

Chinese

Alias sodium chlorate

Molecular

Formula NaClO3 Appearance

& Character

Colorless, odorless crystal, It is

salty and cold, and it has

deliquescence.

Molecular

Weight 106.45 Vapor

Pressure Decomposition

Melting

Point 248～261℃ Solubility It dissolves easily in water, and it is

slightly soluble in ethanol

Density Relative density

(water=1) 2.49 Stability Stable

Hazard

Label 11 (oxidizer)

Main

Purpose

It can be used as an oxidizing agent,

and it can be used to make chlorate,

herbicides, pharmaceuticals, etc.,

and it can also be used in

metallurgical ore processing

Hazardo

us

characte

ristics

Hazardous characteristics: it is a strong oxidizing agent. An explosion can occur when it

exposes to intense heat or contacts with strong acids. An explosive mixture can form when it

mixes with reducing agents, organic compounds and inflammables, such as sulfur,

phosphorus or metal powder. An explosion can occur when it is heated dramatically.

Combustion (decomposition) products: oxygen, chloride, sodium oxide.

Toxicity Acute toxicity: LD501200mg/kg (taken orally by rat)

Health

Hazards

Invasion ways: inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption.

Health hazards: its dust can irritate the respiratory tract, eyes and skin. It has acute oral

toxicity, which is manifested as methemoglobinemia, gastroenteritis, liver and kidney

damage and even suffocation.


46

Acciden

tal

Release

Measure

s

The areas contaminated by leakage should be isolated, and access should be restricted. The

emergency personnel are recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus and

general protective suits. Do not contact directly with leakage, do not let the leakage contact

with organic matters, reducing agents and inflammables. A small amount of leakage: avoid

floating dust, and collect the leakage in a dry, clean, covered container with a clean shovel. A

large amount of leakage: the leakage should be collected and recycled or transported to waste

disposal sites for disposal.

Protecti

ve

Measure

s

Respiratory protection: when it is possible to touch its dust, it is recommended to wear

non-powered air-purifying respirators.

Eye protection: wear chemical safety protective goggles.

Physical protection: wear polyethylene protective clothing.

Hand Protection: wear rubber gloves.

Other: smoking, eating and drinking are banned in work site. Take a shower and change

clothes after wording. Maintain good health habits.

First Aid

Measure

s

Eye exposure: hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline for at least 15

minutes. Seek medical attention.

Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. Keep

respiratory tract unblock. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not

breathing, administer artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention.

Ingestion: drink plenty of warm water, induce vomiting, and seek medical attention.

Extinguishing method: fight the fire with plenty of water, and smother the fire with powder

extinguishing agent at the same time.

Packagi

ng and

Storage

Plastic woven bag lined with plastic sheets, 50kg/bag. The motor carriers should be adopted

for transportation. The warehouse should be established within the plant area, with a storage

capacity of 25t.

Environ

mental

Standard

s

Former Soviet Union - The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the

air within workshop is 5mg/m3

Former Soviet Union (1975) - The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances

in water body is 20mg/L

Table 4-3 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Methanol

Nature GB No. 32058

Physical

and

Chemica

l

Propertie

s

CAS No. 67-56-1

Chinese

Name methyl alcohol

English

Name methyl alcohol；Methanol

Chinese

Alias methyl alcohol

Molecular

Formula CH4O；CH3OH Appearance

& Character

Colorless, clear liquid with a

pungent odor

Molecular

Weight 32.04 Vapor

Pressure 13.33kPa/21.2℃ Flash point: 11℃

Melting

Point

-97.8℃ Boiling point:

64.8℃ Solubility

It is soluble in water, and it is

miscible with alcohol, ether and

most organic solvents

Density

Relative density

(water=1) 0.79; relative

density (air=1) 1.11

Stability Stable


47

Hazard

Label 7 (flammable liquid)

Main

Purpose

It can be used to produce

formaldehyde, fragrances, dyes,

pharmaceuticals, gunpowder,

antifreeze, etc.

Hazardo

us

character

istics

It is flammable, its vapor can form explosive mixtures when mixing with air. In case of fire

and intense heat, a combustion explosion can occur. A chemical reaction or combustion can

occur when it contacts with oxidants. In a fire scene, the heated containers have a risk of

explosion. Its vapor is heavier than air, so it can spread lower down to a considerable

distance, and a backdraft phenomenon will occur when it meets an open fire.

Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.

Toxicity

Toxicity: middle toxicity.

Acute toxicity: LD505,628mg/kg (taken orally by rat); 15,800mg/kg (rabbit percutaneous);

LC5082,776mg/kg, 4 hours (inhaled by rat); in case of 5~10ml taken orally by human, the

incubation period is 8~36 hours, and resulting in coma; in case of 15ml taken orally by

human, retinitis and blindness can occur within 48 hours; in case of 30~100ml taken orally

by human, it can cause serious damage to the central nervous system, respiratory failure and

death.

Subacute and chronic toxicity: 50mg/m3 inhaled by rat, 12 hours/day, 3 months, the damage

of trachea and bronchial mucosa, and the nutritional disorder of cerebral cortical cells occur

within 8~10 weeks.

Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: Beer yeast 12pph. DNA Inhibition: Human

lymphocytes 300mmol/L.

Reproductive toxicity: Minimum toxic concentration of rat taken orally (TDL0): 7,500mg/kg

(pregnant time is 7~19 days), it has an impact on the behavior of newborn rats. Minimum

toxic concentration of rat taken through inhalation (TDL0): 20,000ppm (7 hours), (pregnant

time is 1~22 days), it can result in the abnormalities of musculoskeletal system,

cardiovascular system and urinary system.

Health

Hazards

Invasion ways: inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption.

Health hazards: it has an anesthetic effect on the central nervous system; it has a special

selecting toxicity for optic nerve and retina and can causing lesions; it can cause metabolic

acidosis.

Acute toxicity: short-term over-inhalation can gently irritate eyes and upper respiratory tract

(oral administration can cause gastrointestinal irritation); after the incubation period,

headache, dizziness, fatigue, vertigo, feeling of drunkenness, dim consciousness, delirium,

and even coma can occur. Optic nerve and retinal lesions can occur, blurred vision and

diplopia may occur; in severe cases, blindness may occur. When metabolic acidosis occurs,

carbon dioxide combining power may loss, and breathing may speed up.

Chronic effects: neurasthenia syndrome, autonomic nervous dysfunction, mucous membrane

irritation, vision loss, etc. Degreasing of skin and dermatitis may occur.

Accident

al

Release

Measure

s

The people in the areas contaminated by leakage should evacuate rapidly to a safe area and

be isolated, and access should be restricted. Eliminate sources of ignition. The emergency

personnel are recommended to wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and antitoxic

suits. Do not directly touch the leakage. If possible, cut off the source of leakage, and

prevent the leakage spread into the sewers, flood ditches and other restrictive spaces. A

small amount of leakage: it can be adsorbed with sand or other non-combustible materials. It

can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and the diluted washing water can flow into the


48

wastewater system. A large amount of leakage: build barriers or dig pit for collection; it

should be covered with foam, so as to reduce vapor disasters. It should be transferred to

tankers or special collectors by using an explosion-proof pump. It should be recycled or

transferred to waste disposal sites for disposal.

Protectiv

e

Measure

s

Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, filter-type gas masks

(half-mask) should be worn. In cases of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended

to wear air breathing apparatus.


Physical protection: wear anti-static suit.

Hand Protection: wear rubber gloves.

Other: smoking, eating and drinking are banned in work site. Take a shower and change

clothes after wording. Periodic medical examinations and pre-employment medical

examinations should be implemented.

First Aid

Measure

s

Dermal exposure: remove contaminated clothing. Wash contaminated skin with soap and

water

Eye exposure: hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline. Seek medical

attention.




Ingestion: drink plenty of water and induce vomiting, Gastric lavage with clean water or 1%

sodium thiosulfate solution should be performed. Seek medical attention. Extinguishing

method: if possible, move containers from the scene to open spaces. Spray water to cool the

containers in the fire scene until the completion of fire-fighting. If the containers at the scene

change color or the pressure relieving devices produce sound, the personnel must be

evacuated immediately. Extinguishing agents: alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon

dioxide and sand.

Packagin

g and

Storage

The tankers should be adopted for transportation. The iron storage tanks should be

established within the plant, with a storage capacity of 10t.

Environ

mental

Standard

s

The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the air within workshop is

(50mg/m3)

The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere within

residential areas (one-time value: 3.00mg/m3, daily average value: 1.00mg/m

3)

Table 4-4 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Methane

Nature GB No. 21007

Physical

and

Chemica

l

Properti

es

CAS No. 74-82-8

Chinese

Name Methane

English

Name methane；Marsh gas

Chinese

Alias Biogas

Molecular

Formula CH4 Appearance

& Character Gas without color or smell

Molecular

Weight 16.04 Vapor

Pressure

53.32kPa/-168.8 ℃ Flash point:

-188℃


49

Melting

Point

-182.5 ℃ Boiling

point: -161.5℃ Solubility

It is slightly soluble in water, it is

soluble in alcohol and ether.

Density

Relative density

(water=1) 0.42

(-164 ℃ ); relative

density (air=1) 0.55

Stability Stable

Hazard

Label 4 (flammable liquid)

Main

Purpose

It can be used as a fuel and used in

the manufacturing of carbon black,

hydrogen, acetylene, formaldehyde,

etc..

Hazardo

us

characte

ristics

Hazardous characteristics: it is flammable, and when being mixed with air, it can form an

explosive mixture, which has the danger of combustion and explosion in case of heat source

and open flames. It can react violently with bromine pentabromide, chlorine, hypochlorous

acid, nitrogen trifluoride, liquid oxygen, oxygen difluoride and other strong oxidizing agents.

Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.

Toxicity

Toxicity: it belongs to low-toxicity category. The gas is allowed to diffuse into the

atmosphere or be used as fuel in a safe manner. It has a simple asphyxiant effect, thus

methane at high concentrations can lead to poisoning due to hypoxia and asphyxiation due to

asphyxia. 25 ~30% methane in the air can result in dizziness, increased respiratory rate, as

well as movement disorders.

Acute toxicity: the methane inhaled by mice at concentration of 42%x 60minutes shows an

anesthetic effect; the methane inhaled by rabbits at concentration of 42%x 60minutes shows

an anesthetic effect.

Health

Hazards

Pathways: inhalation.

Health hazard: methane is basically non-toxic to humans, but when its concentration is too

high, the oxygen content in the air can be significantly reduced, and thus asphyxiating

humans. When there is 25%-30% methane in the air, it can cause headache, dizziness,

fatigue, inattention, rapid breathing and heartbeat, as well as ataxia. If not timely escape, it

can cause death by suffocation. When the skin that contacts with liquefied methane can

occur frostbite.

Acciden

tal

Release

Measure

s

contaminated areas should evacuate rapidly to a safe area and be isolated, and access should

be restricted. Eliminate sources of ignition. The emergency personnel are recommended to

wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and protective clothing for firefighters. If

possible, cut off the source of leakage. The diffusion should be accelerated through

reasonable ventilation. Spray water for dilution and dissolution. Build barriers or dig pit to

collect a lot of wastewater generated. If possible, the leaked gas should be sent to open areas

by using an exhaust fan or be burned by installing an appropriate nozzle. The leaking

containers can also be moved to open areas, and attentions should be paid to ventilation. The

leaking containers should be properly handled, repaired and inspected before reuse.

Protecti

ve

Measure

s

Respiratory protection: special protection is usually not needed, but it is suggested that in a

particular case, self-suction filter-type gas masks (half-mask) should be worn.

Eye protection: special protection is usually not needed, wear safety protective goggles in

high-concentration exposure.

Physical protection: wear anti-static suit.


50

Hand protection: wear general protective gloves.

Other: smoking is banned in work site. Avoid repeatedly contact over a long period of time.

When entering tanks, confined spaces or other areas with high concentration, the workers

must be supervised.

First Aid

Measure

s

Dermal exposure: if there is any frostbite, seek medical attention.




Extinguishing method: cut off the gas source. If the gas source can not be cut off

immediately, it is not allowed to extinguish the burning gas. Spray water to cool the

containers, and move the containers from the scene to open spaces where possible.

Extinguishing agents: water spray, foam, carbon dioxide and dry powder.

Packagi

ng and

Storage

The methane generated in the project’s sewage treatment process should be collected into the

gas tank, with a maximum storage capacity of 140m3

Environ

mental

Standard

s

Former Soviet Union - The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the

air within workshop is 300mg/m3

U.S. - Workshop health standards - asphyxiating gas

Table 4-5 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Hydrogen

Peroxide

Nature GB No. 51001

Physical

and

Chemica

l

Properti

es

CAS No. 7722-84-1

Chinese

Name hydrogen peroxide

English

Name hydrogen peroxide

Chinese

Alias hydrogen peroxide

Molecular

Formula H2O2 Appearance

& Character

Colorless liquid with a faint

particular smell

Molecular

Weight 43.01 Vapor

Pressure 0.13kPa(15.3℃)

Melting

Point

-2℃/water-free Boiling

point: 158℃/water-free Solubility

It is soluble in water, alcohols and

ethers, and it is insoluble in

benzene, petroleum ether.

Density

Relative density

(water=1) 1.46

(water-free)

Stability Stable

Hazard

Label

11 (oxidizer), 20

(corrosive)

Main

Purpose

It can be used in bleaching,

pharmaceuticals, and it can also be

used as an analytical reagent.

Hazardo

us

characte

ristics

Hazardous characteristics: it is an explosive strong oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide itself is

non-combustible, but it can react with combustibles and emit a lot of heat and gas, and thus

resulting fire and explosion. Hydrogen peroxide is most stable at pH 3.5～4.5, it decomposes

easily in alkaline solution, and it can decompose in the case of strong light, particularly short

wavelength. When it is heated to above 100℃, it begins to decompose rapidly. It can form

explosive mixtures together with a lot of organic matters, such as sugar, starch, alcohols,


51

petroleum products, and the mixtures can explode in case of impact, heat or spark. When

hydrogen peroxide contacts with many inorganic compounds or impurities, it can

decomposes rapidly and cause an explosion, thus releasing a lot of heat, oxygen and water

vapor. Most heavy metals (such as tin, copper, silver, lead, mercury, zinc, cobalt, nickel,

chromium, manganese, etc.) and their oxides and salts are active catalysts, and its

decomposition can also be accelerated by dust, cigarette ash, carbon powder and rust. In case

of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of more than 74%, vapor explosion can occur in a

closed container when there is a suitable ignition source or temperature.

Combustion (decomposition) products: oxygen, water.

Toxicity

Acute toxicity: LD504060mg/kg (rat skin); LC502000mg/m3, 4 hours (inhaled by rat)

Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: Salmonella typhimurium 10μL/dish; escherichia coli

5ppm. Sister chromatid exchange: hamster lung 353μmol/L.

Carcinogenicity: IARC carcinogens comment: animal suspiciously positive.

Health

Hazards

Pathways: inhalation, ingestion.

Health hazard: in case of the inhalation of its vapor or mist, it can strongly irritate the

respiratory tract. Direct eye exposure with the liquid can cause irreversible damage, even

blindness. Taken orally, the victim will show abdominal pain, chest pain, difficulty in

breathing, vomiting, temporary movement disorder and sensory dysfunction, fever and so on.

In a few cases, visual impairment, epileptic convulsions and paresis may occur.

Acciden

tal

Release

Measure

s

The people in the areas contaminated by leakage should evacuate rapidly to a safe area and

be isolated, and access should be restricted. The emergency personnel are recommended to

wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and anti-acid & alkali suits. If possible, cut off the

source of leakage, and prevent the leakage spread into the sewers, flood ditches and other

restrictive space. A small amount of leakage: it can be adsorbed with sand, vermiculite or

other inert materials. It can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and the diluted washing water

can flow into the wastewater system. A large amount of leakage: build barriers or dig pit for

collection; the vapor should be cooled and diluted by spraying a mist of water, so as to

protect on-site personnel and dilute the leakage into a non-combustible material. It should be

transferred to tankers or special collectors by using a pump. It should be recycled or

transferred to waste disposal sites for treatment.

Waste disposal method: the waste liquor can decompose and release oxygen after dilution,

the waste liquor can flow into the sewer after a full decomposition.

Protecti

ve

Measure

s

Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, self-supported filter type

protective mask (full-face) should be worn.

Eye protection: it has been done in respiratory protection.

Physical protection: wear polyethylene protective suits.

Hand Protection: wear chloroprene rubber gloves.

Other: smoking is banned in work site. Take a shower and change clothes after wording. Pay

attention to personal hygiene.

First Aid

Measure

s

Dermal exposure: Remove contaminated clothing, wash contaminated skin with plenty of

clean water.






52


Ingestion: drink plenty of water, induce vomiting, and obtain medical attention.

Extinguishing method: the fire fighters must wear protective whole body suits. If possible,

move containers from the scene to open spaces. Spray water to cool the containers in the fire

scene until the completion of fire-fighting. If the containers at the scene change color or the

pressure relieving devices produce sound, the personnel must be evacuated immediately.

Extinguishing agents: water, fog water, dry powder, and sand.

Packagi

ng and

Storage

The tankers should be adopted for transportation. The storage tanks should be established

within the plant, with a storage capacity of 50 m3

Environ

mental

Standard

s

Former Soviet Union (1975) - The maximum allowable concentration in working

environment is 1.4mg/m3

Table 4-6 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Chlorine

Oxide

Nature GB No. ----

Physical

and

Chemica

l

Properti

es

CAS No. 10049-04-4

Chinese

Name Chlorine dioxide

English

Name Cholrine dioxode；Chlorine oxide

Chinese

Alias

Molecular

Formula ClO2 Appearance

& Character

It is yellowish red gas with a pungent

smell, it may travel a considerable

distance along the ground, and it is

usually diluted into solution with a

concentration of less than 10% for

use and storage.

Molecule

weight 67.45

Vapor

Pressure 9.9 ℃/97.2kPa (explosion)

Melting

Point -59℃ Solubility Water-insoluble

Density

Relative density

(water=1)3.09(11℃ );

relative density

(air=1) 2.3

Stability Unstable

Hazard

Label Main

Purpose

Used as bleaching agents, deodorants,

oxidants, etc.

Hazardo

us

characte

ristics

Hazardous characteristics: it is a powerful oxidizing agent. It can have an explosive reaction

with many chemicals. It is very sensitive to heat, vibration, shock and friction, and it

decomposes and explodes easily.

Combustion (decomposition) products: hydrogen chloride.

Toxicity No Record

Health

Hazards

Pathways: inhalation, ingestion.

Health hazards: it is a strong irritant agent. It mainly irritates eyes and respiratory tract after

exposure. Inhalation of high concentration can cause pulmonary edema. It can be fatal. Its

gas with a certain concentration that results in serious damage to the respiratory tract may

irritate the skin. Highly concentrated solutions of this product may cause intense irritation

and corrosion after dermal exposure or ingestion. Long-term exposure can lead to chronic


53

bronchitis.

Acciden

tal

Release

Measure

s

The people in the areas contaminated by leakage should evacuate rapidly to a place on the

windward side, the evacuated people should be isolated until the gas is dissipated. The

emergency personnel should wear positive-pressure self-supported respirators and chemical

protective suits. Eliminate sources of ignition. Do not let the leakage expose to combustible

materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.), cut off the gas supply, spray a mist of water to dilute,

exhaust gas (indoor) or force to ventilate (outdoor). The leaking containers can not be reused,

and the remaining gas in the containers should be removed through technological treatment.

Protecti

ve

Measure

s

Respiratory protection: when there is a higher concentration in the air, anti-gas masks should

be worn. In cases of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended to wear

positive-pressure breathing apparatus.


Physical protection: wear anti-corrosion suits.

Hand protection: when it is possible to expose to toxic substances, wear chemical resistant

gloves.

Other: smoking is banned in work site. Take a shower and change clothes after wording.

Maintain good health habits.

First Aid

Measure

s

Dermal exposure: Remove contaminated clothing, immediately rinse thoroughly with plenty

of clean water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.





breathing, immediately administer artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention.

Ingestion: the victims should rinse their mouths, and drink milk or egg whites. Seek medical

attention.

Extinguishing method: cut off the gas supply. Spray water to cool the containers; if possible,

move the containers from the scene to open spaces.

Packagi

ng and

Storage

The chlorine dioxide produced and used by this project is absorbed by water, and after that, it

is stored temporarily in storage tanks with a storage capacity of 10 m3

Environ

mental

Standard

s

U.S. - Workshop health standards 0.3 mg/m3

Former Soviet Union (1975) - The maximum allowable concentration of harmful organisms

in water body is 0.4mg/L

The sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide used by the project

and the methane and chlorine dioxide generated in the production process are toxic,

flammable and strong oxidizing substances, and the surrounding environment and people may

be adversely affected during the accident process; therefore, with a comprehensive

consideration of the hazardous nature and storage of the substances involved in this project,

methanol is identified as the assessment factor of material leaking in this project, and the


54

project’s risk types mainly include fire, explosion and poisoning. The analysis of risk factors

is detailed in Table 4-7, and the risk analysis of major functional units of production is shown

in Table 4-8.

Table 4-7 Analysis of Project’s Risk Factors

Type of Risk

Source Specific Risk Link Possible Reasons

Hazardous

chemical

leakage

leakage of chlorine dioxide,

methanol, sulfuric acid,

sodium hydroxide,

hydrogen peroxide and

other hazardous chemicals

Rupture of storage tanks, leaking pipes and possible

transportation accidents

Accidental

release of

pollutants

Sewage treatment system Failures may occur in the sewage treatment system, the

treatment efficiency may be reduced.

Flue gas treatment system Failures may occur in the flue gas treatment equipments,

the treatment efficiency may be reduced.

Alkali recovery System Liquor may overflow from the tanks, the pipes and

valves may break.

Fire and

explosion

Raw material stock yard Fire due to mismanagement

Chemical storage Explosive substances, such as chlorine dioxide, sodium

chlorate, methanol, etc., may cause explosions.

Chlorine dioxide

preparation workshop

Explosive substances, such as chlorine dioxide, sodium

chlorate, methanol, etc., may cause explosions.

Alkali recovery furnace Explosions may be caused by mechanical failures and

improper equipment maintenance.

(Heavy oil depot) Rupture of storage tanks may result in leakage and cause

fire.

(Finished product

warehouse) Fire due to mismanagement

Table 4-8 Risk Analysis of Project’s Main Functional Units in Production

Dangerous Unit in

Production Hazard Identification Risk Analysis

Sewage treatment

station- production

unit

Accidental discharge of

sewage

The sewage treatment system may have a

failure, and the accidental discharge of sewage

may have an impact on the receiving water

body. Strengthen the maintenance and

management, and it is recommended to equip an

accident pool, which can reduce the risk to a

minimum.

Thermal power

station - production

unit

Accidental emissions of

waste gas

The desulphurization and dust removal systems

may have a failure, which may have an impact

on the surrounding air quality. Promptly reduce

boiler load, start burners and take other

measures, which can reduce the consequences of

accidents to a minimum.

Alkali recovery

workshop - unit

Accidental leakage of black

liquor and explosion accident

of recovery furnace

The leakage of black liquor will have a great

impact on the sewage treatment system, and it

may result in the collapse of the sewage

treatment system. Strengthen the management,

establish a black liquor tank, which can

effectively avoid the direct discharge of black


55

liquor into the water body. An explosion of

recovery boiler will not pollute the environment,

but it may cause casualties.

Chlorine dioxide

preparation

workshop - unit

Leakage of chlorine dioxide,

methanol and other toxic

gases; chlorine dioxide,

sodium chlorate, methanol

and other substances may

explode.

Once an accident occurs, it will cause

environmental pollution and casualties. In daily

production, it is necessary to strengthen the

equipment maintenance and establish

appropriate emergency plans, so as to reduce the

risk of accidents to a minimum.

Chemical storage

An explosion may be caused

by chlorine dioxide, sodium

chlorate, methanol, etc.

Once an accident occurs, it will cause

environmental pollution and casualties. In daily

production, it is necessary to strengthen the

equipment maintenance and establish

appropriate emergency plans, so as to reduce the

risk of accidents to a minimum.

Raw material stock

yard Fire

The impact of fire can be basically controlled

within the plant, and the fire hazards should be

reduced to a minimum on the basis of

strengthening management and guarantee fire

fighting equipments.

(Finished product

warehouse) * Fire

(Heavy oil depot)

* Fire A fire accident may occur.

4.1.3 Risk Type

As for this project, the processes that have the risk of accidents include the transportation,

storage, production and use of hazardous chemicals, the risk types can be identified as

follows:

(1) Handling and transportation processes

As for this project, the sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide

used in the production are mainly transported by land, and special vehicles are responsible for

the transportation of these raw materials. In the process of handling and transportation, the

risk factors mainly include:

① Traffic accidents may happen to the carrier vehicles (such as crashes, rollovers, etc.),

and the accidents may result in the leakage of raw materials, which can lead to the poisoning

of the driver and the people around, pollute the water body around, and cause serious

environmental damage and casualties.

② When loading and unloading, the leakage of materials may occur as a result of the

mistakes made by the operators, so that the concentration of toxic and hazardous substances

may exceed the threshold limit value and lead to the poisoning of the staff around.

(2) Storage and production processes


56

The dangerous materials used in the production of this project, such as sulfuric acid,

methanol and hydrogen peroxide, are mainly stored in iron tanks. The risk factors existing in

the storage and production processes include:

① Liquid methanol is highly volatile, and it will not catch fire or explode in a short time,

but due to the high solubility of methanol vapor in water and body fluids, it can

rapidly distributed in human body and result in damage after absorption, and the

visual impairment can develop rapidly into blindness. In severe cases, bradycardia,

spasm, shock and other symptoms may occur.

② Methanol can catch fire quickly, and the fire is featured with high temperature and

roaring flame, which can not be extinguished easily, so once it catches fire, it is likely

to cause burns to people and burn down plants and equipments.

③ If a large amount of methanol leakage cannot be controlled timely, the methanol

vapor can form an explosive mixture with air, and when the explosion limit is reached, a big

explosion can occur in the presence of open fire, electrostatic spark or collision spark.

4.2 Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Measures

As for production safety, China has consistently adhered to the principle of “prevention

is the main concern and security is the first concern”, so the key emphasis in work shall be put

on prevention. The implementation of effective risk prevention will reduce the probability of

accidents, minimize the possible damages caused by accidents, and mitigate the impact of

sudden accidents on the atmosphere, water environment and ecological environment.

Stringent environmental safety management should be implemented on the aspect of daily

management, thorough emergency measures should be prepared at the same time, so as to

respond quickly in the event of an accident, orderly evacuate people and carry out emergency

monitoring and rescue.

4.2.1 Preventive Measures Concerning General Layout and Architectural Design

In the general layout and the architectural design, relevant preventive measures should be

implemented: the seismic fortification intensity of buildings should be 7 degrees; the fire

resistance rating of the buildings should not be less than Class II; watery trees are selected to

make the plant area green. Hedges and thick bushes should not be planted around production

facilities and between roads (especially between fire fighting access), and the plant area

greening should not hinder firefighting operations; the spacing between buildings within each


57

district and the spacing between different districts should be determined according to the

requirements concerning fire fighting and fire prevention; there should be safe distance

between the warehouse of raw materials and workshop, office and power distribution room,

which should comply with the standard requirements of the “Code for Fire Protection Design

of Buildings” GBJ16-87.

4.2.2 Risk Prevention Strategies and Measures in the Transportation Process

Since the transportation of dangerous materials must be carried out by qualified

institutions, it is necessary to be cautious and ensure safety in the transportation process. To

do this, attentions must be paid to the following questions:

（1）Special tanker with good safety performance should be used in the transportation of

chemicals, and meanwhile, the tankers must be equipped with necessary anti-poison

appliances and fire fighting equipments, so as to prevent accidents; transportation routes and

time should be arranged rationally. It should avoid densely populated areas and residential

areas; meanwhile, the tanker drivers should receive a rigorous training and be qualified.

（2）As for the transportation of dangerous materials, the vehicles and the personnel

should be fixed. Fixed vehicles means that the vehicles used to load and transport dangerous

materials should be relatively fixed, and specific tanks are recommended to transport different

materials. All the containers of hazardous substances, including tank-cars, must be forbidden

to carry other things, still more to contain foods. The vehicles must be special ones,

two-wheeled motorcycle or three-wheeled motorcycle should not be used to carry dangerous

materials even in case of emergencies and vehicle shortage. Fixed personnel refers to the

fixed personnel involving in management, driving, escorting, loading and unloading, and this

arrangement can ensure that the transportation of dangerous materials can always be

undertaken by professionals and guarantee the safety of dangerous materials in the

transportation process.

（3）As for the dangerous materials, dangerous marks must be pasted on distinct parts

the packages according to the “Labels for Packages of Dangerous Goods” (GB190-90), and

the dangerous marks should be pasted firmly and correctly. As for the chemicals with a

variety of hazardous properties, such as inflammability, toxicity, etc., the corresponding labels

for packages should be pasted according to different hazardous characteristics, so that if any

problem occurs, a variety of protective measures can be implemented.

（4）In the transportation of dangerous materials, once an accident happens, emergency


58

treatment should be implemented, and at the same time, the accident shall be reported to the

public security organs and the environmental protection departments, so as to evacuate the

masses and prevent the situation from getting worse, and active assistance shall be given to

the public security and transportation personnel and the fire fighters in rescuing the injured

and materials, so as to reduce the loss to a minimum.

（5）The drivers and supercargoes of the vehicles that transport toxic and corrosive

materials must check whether or not the anti-toxin protective supplies are complete and

effective before driving; and they should take initiative actions to prevent the situation from

getting worse when finding any leakage in driving; after cutting off the source of leakage,

they should report the situation to local public security organ and relevant authorities; if they

are not able to deal with the situation, they should promptly report it to local public security

organs and relevant authorities and request support.

4.2.3 Risk Prevention Measures in the Operation Process

In production process, the “Bans of the Ministry of Chemical Industry on Safety

Production” (41 Bans) issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry should be strictly

enforced. The pipelines used in the production and transportation must be intact, closely

connected and leak-free, the remnants in the pipelines must be cleaned periodically, so as to

eliminate congestion; when overhauling the pipelines, the sources of material supply and the

power for transportation must be cut off, and there shall be the specialized personnel to

supervise the maintenance or overhaul sites. During the production and operation processes,

safety management must be strengthened, and the measures for preventing accidents must be

improved. Sudden pollution accidents, especially major accidents involving toxic chemicals,

will cause serious harms to the life and health of on-site people; in addition, such accidents

will also directly or indirectly result in huge economic losses, the factors leading to social

instability, as well as serious damage to ecological environment. Therefore, it is very

important for the enterprises to prevent sudden environmental pollution accidents and

improve their emergency treatment and disposal capacity on the aspect of sudden pollution

accidents. It is recommended to prepare on the following aspects:

(1) Make a strict check-up on engineering design and construction;

Engineering design includes process design and general plan design. Only rational

design can fundamentally improve the working conditions and eliminate major accident

potentials. Attentions should be paid to the quality of construction, the arrangement of


59

equipments and the quality of debugging, and the inspection and approval of completed

project should be strictly implemented.

In the process design, it should be noted that the automatic and mechanized operations

and the remote sensing operations should be adopted for the particularly dangerous and toxic

work, and attentions should be paid to the shielding. The selected equipments should comply

with the requirements of the “Production Equipment Safety/Sanitation Design Guideline”,

and the management of occupational hazards and supporting safety facilities should be

considered.

In the general plan design, attentions should be paid to rational function zoning, some

protective belts and green belts should be arranged, and the requirements of the safety

regulations should be strictly complied with.

According to the characteristics of this project, this assessment recommends that the

following safety precautions should be considered in the future design, construction and

operational phases, so as to avoid accidents.

(2) In the design, the national and industrial regulations and standards on labor safety

and hygiene should be strictly implemented;

(3) The layout of equipments within the plant should strictly comply with the national

norms and regulations relating to fire and explosion protection, adequate safety distance

between equipments must be ensured, and the design of fire exits should comply with relevant

requirements;

(4) Safe and reliable equipment with advanced technologies should be adopted as much

as possible, and necessary safety and health facilities should be established in workshops

according to relevant national regulations;

(5) Reliable sealing technology should be adopted on equipments, pipes and pipe fittings,

so as to keep the storage and reaction process under sealed conditions and prevent the leakage

of materials;

(6) Danger zones should be defined in the plant in accordance with relevant norms on

region classification. The electrical equipments installed in the danger zones should adopt

explosion-proof grades according to corresponding regional levels, and all electrical

equipments should be grounded;

(7) A fire alarm hotline should be set up in the central control room and the fire

protection duty room, so as to ensure unobstructed communication in emergency situations;

(8) For the production posts, the cabinets for accident should be set up, and first-aid


60

appliances, life saving apparatus, protective masks, goggles, rubber gloves ear plugs and other

protective and first-aid tools and supplies should be prepared;

(9) In the places where the facilities is easily polluted by toxic substances, set up

emergency washing equipments, eyewash equipments, safety shower heads and other

facilities should be installed.

4.2.4 Risk Prevention Measures in the Storage Process

(1) The main plant should adopt an open layout with an enhanced ventilation, the quality

control should be strictly implemented when selecting and purchasing a variety of process

equipments (valves, flanges, pumps, etc.) and pipelines, and the inspection and maintenance

should be strengthened; the “emitting, dripping and leaking” of materials in production should

be eliminated; the anti-corrosion and explosion-proof electrical equipments should be selected,

the power source should be well insulated and well grounded, and electric sparks and static

electricity should be prevented.

(2) Before loading and unloading hazardous chemicals, the preparations should be

implemented in advance, it is necessary to understand the nature of goods and check whether

or not the tools used to load and unload goods are reliable, and the unreliable tools should not

be replaced or repaired. If the tools are contaminated by inflammables, organic mattes, acids,

alkalis and so on, they must be cleaned before using.

(3) The operator should wear appropriate protective appliances. The protective

appliances include overalls, rubber aprons, rubber sleeve cover, rubber gloves, rubber boots,

gas masks, filter mouth-muffles, gauze face masks, gauze gloves, goggles, etc. Before

operating, specially-assigned personnel should check whether or not the appliances are in

good conditions and are worn properly. After operating, the appliances should be cleaned or

disinfected, and then they should be kept in a dedicated bin for safekeeping.

(4) If there is any hazardous chemical spilled on the ground or car plates, it should be

timely removed; and as for the inflammable and explosive materials, soft material soaked in

water should be used to remove theses materials.

(5) Drinking or smoking is banned when handling dangerous chemicals. Depending on

the working conditions and the nature of dangerous materials, timely wash hands, face, mouth

or take a shower after work. Air circulation must be maintained on the scene, if nausea,

dizziness and other symptoms of poisoning occur, the victim should immediately go to places

with fresh air and have a rest, take off clothing and protective appliances, and wash the


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contaminated skin; severe cases should be sent to hospital for medical treatment.

(6) For operations in nighttime, there should be explosion-proof or enclosed safety

lighting. For operations on rainy and snowy days or frozen conditions, there should be

anti-slip measures.

(7) There should be clean water, alkaline agents (such as lime, sodium carbonate, etc.) on

the scene, so as to prepare for first aid treatment.

(8) Minimize human contact with the goods’ packages, and after working, wash face and

hands and take a shower with soap and water before eating and drinking. The protective

appliances and the tools used must be carefully washed.

(9) The emergency acid pump and emergency pool should be set up in the vicinity of the

storage tank district, and there should be lime, sand and other emergency supplies.

4.2.5 Hazardous Chemicals Management System

（1）Purpose: it aims to store, reserve and handle dangerous materials and chemicals in

an orderly manner, so as to control the quality and ensure the safety.

（2）Range: All hazardous chemicals (sulfuric acid, methanol, etc.);

（3）Storage area and environment: as for the storage conditions, darkness, ventilation

and moisture protection should be required; the environment under normal temperature

(5~35℃, relative humidity of 45%-85%) is appropriate in the warehouse for storage.

（4）Storage regulations: fire-proof, water-proof and pressure-proof; fixed point, fixed

location and fixed quantity, FIFO (first in first out); the articles should be separated on the

shelf or card board, and prevent the packing buckets from rusting. Electric power supply is

not allowed in dangerous goods warehouse, and no fire should be allowed in warehouse. The

hazardous chemicals, which have conflicting chemical properties and fire fighting methods,

should not be kept in the same warehouse (storage room) EJX.

（5）The scrap of hazardous chemicals: the packing buckets, plastic bags and bottles

used for hazardous chemicals must be strictly managed after using, they should be recycled

and registered in a unified manner and recycled and reused by the suppliers of raw materials;

for the scrap of inflammable and explosive goods, an application must be proposed in advance,

the comprehensive security measures must be developed, and the scrap must be approved by

the safety departments. The waste metal recycling management should be strengthened, all

metal containers with hazardous substances should be stored in a dedicated site within the


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plant area, and they should be recycled and utilized by the raw material suppliers.

（6）Safety measures: in order to keep hazardous chemicals, the principle of “three keep

away, one prohibit” must be complied with, that is to keep fire away, keep water source away,

keep electric source away, as well as prohibit mixed stacking. If hazardous chemicals and

combustible and explosive materials need to enter designated areas, special personnel must be

responsible for safekeeping. The fire control facilities shall be provided for safety according

to the standards promulgated by the fire departments, and monthly checks should be carried

out regularly, so as to ensure the effectiveness of function. The storekeepers in dangerous

goods warehouse should have a strong sense of responsibility and be specially trained, they

should be familiar with the nature of dangerous goods and the common sense of safety

management, and there should be protective appliances and instruments according to the

scope of the management of hazardous chemicals.

4.2.6 Emergency Measures for Accidents

(1) Leakage of sulfuric acid

① Leakage of sulfuric acid: The personnel in leakage contaminated areas should be

rapidly evacuated to a safe area and be isolated, and access should be restricted. The

emergency personnel are recommended to wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and

acid-proof overalls. Do not directly touch the leakage. If possible, cut off the source of

leakage. A small amount of leakage: the leakage should be mixed with sand, dry lime or soda

ash, it can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and it should be discharged into the production

wastewater collection tank after diluted with water and then reused in the production. A large

amount of leakage: it should be transferred into an emergency storage pit by using a pump for

temporary storage, and then it can be used in the production or be discharged after

neutralizing treatment with alkali.

② Fire protection: when a place with sulfuric acid catch fire, it is better to use water

mist, foam, CO2 and dry powder in fire extinguishing, and protective clothing should be worn

in the fire fighting.

③ First aid: immediately take off the clothes that are stained with sulfuric acid, and

wash contaminated skin with water. A severely burned patient should lie in his/her back, keep

the whole body warm, and the patient should not be applied medical ointments without the

doctor’s permission. If sulfuric acid is splashed into eyes, the eyes must be flushed with

plenty of water for more than 15 minutes, and then 2-3 drops of 0.5% tetracaine or other local


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anesthetics shall be applied into the eyes. If concentrated sulfuric acid is swallowed by

mistake, do not induce vomiting; do not put any object inside the mouth of a patient in a state

of coma, wash the patient’s mouth with plenty of water after waking up, and then let the

patient drink milk mixed with egg whites; the patients in severe cases should be sent to a

hospital for medical treatment.

(2) Leakage of methanol

① In case of leakage in large amount, cut off relevant valves as soon as possible, find

leaking points, try to stop the leaking, and timely report the situation to relevant departments

in workshops and the departments of safety and environmental protection.

② If the leakage of methanol is on fire and the fire is still controllable, cut off the

leaking points rapidly, organize evacuation as soon as possible, and call 4902217 within the

plant to contact the dispatching room and obtain on-site assistances of fir department, gas

protection department and other departments.

③ If there is a large amount of methanol leakage and the leakage is still not on fire

immediately, then the situation is more dangerous; the personnel should be calm, wear

protective clothing (anti-static suit), and decisively close all valves connecting to the

environment outside. Immediately stop the ongoing hot work or high-place operation, and

organize evacuation. Block the roads, and rinse the leaking methanol with plenty of water.

④ Once a fire or an explosion occurs, the alarm should be sounded timely, and rational

disposal and clear division of labor must be implemented.

⑤ The fire brigade should waste no time in rushing to the site of accident, spray water

to cool the burning storage tanks, extinguish the flames within methanol tanks with foam cans,

if necessary. Contact the professional local fire-fighting team to participate in on-site fire

fighting whenever necessary, and control the roads within plant and evacuate vehicles and

people.

⑥ The production department (dispatching room) shall be responsible for the

communications concerning production when dealing with the accidents, it should ask the

workshop sections without any accident to stop production, ensure water supply, gas supply

on the accident scene, and control the power supply in the accident area by contacting

relevant departments.

⑦ The department of safety and environmental protection shall be responsible for the

coordination of rescue, it should collect the raw data on accidents, timely analyze the accident


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state and the likelihood of accident expansion, and share information, so as to carry out the

rescue in an intense and orderly manner.

（3）Leakage of other hazardous chemicals

The project also involves sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and other hazardous

chemicals; when these substances leak, human exposure will cause harms to human body, but

they will not pollute the surrounding air; after controlling the pH value through the

neutralization in the plant’s accident pool, the leakage can enter into the sewage treatment

plant, and the leakage will have little impact on the sewage treatment plant and the

environment.

4.3 Emergency Plan and Monitoring for Accidents

4.3.1 Emergency Plan

（1）Strategies and measures for chemical risk prevention

The chemical risks of the company mainly occur in the storage, transportation and use of

hazardous chemicals, and the company strictly implements the requirements of the

“Regulations on the Safety Administration of Dangerous Chemicals” (2002, Decree No. 344

of the State Council) and the GB15603-1995 “General Principles Concerning the Storage of

Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals”.

a. The storage sites comply with the conditions for fire control.

b. The production responsibility system concerning specially-assigned persons has been

improved. The responsibilities is clarified, enhance the inspections in the areas with

inflammable and explosive materials and facilities, such as the areas involving the production

of main chemicals, key warehouses and important equipments.

c. The warehouse staff should pass occupational examinations and obtain related

certificates before working. Custody staff should check for three times a day, which means

that they should check after starting work, at work and before going off from work: They

should check whether or not the stacking is firm, whether or not there are leaks in packages,

as well as whether or not the power supply is safe. They should identify problems in time and

eliminate hidden dangers.

d. The industrial hygiene, environmental monitoring and management systems have been

improved. The normal operation of the plant has been managed. When accident occurs,

emergency antitoxic monitoring, antitoxic guidance and the rescuing of poisoned people


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should be carried out.

e. The lightning prevention measures for metal tanks should be checked regularly.

f. All pipelines for chemicals should be tested under pressure before the production, so as

to ensure no leakage before putting into production; phenomenon; and non-destructive test of

pipelines should be carried out regularly.

g. The appropriate warning system with gas sensors should be installed in the liquid

chlorine storage, and the emergency scrubbing facilities should also be installed; the operators

should have gas masks and emergency oxygen cylinders.

According to the characteristics of this project, aiming at possible risk accidents, the

emergency plans for risks should be established, and the framework of emergency plans for

risks when an accident occurs is shown in Table 4-9.

Table 4-9 List of Emergency Plans for Project’s Risks

No.

Item Contents and Requirements

1 General principles

This plan is a risk emergency plan for Technical Transformation

Engineering Project of 37kt/a Wheat Straw Pulp ECF Bleaching

Process of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co. Ltd. It stipulates

the contents and requirements to be implemented and specified at the

later design and construction stage. It belongs to the contents of

acceptance of environmental “Three Simultaneities” upon completion

of project.

2 Overview of hazard

sources Specify the types, number and distribution of hazard sources

3 Area of emergency

plan In and around the factory

4 Emergency

organizations

In the factory

Emergency command headquarter in the factory: responsible for

comprehensive command at site

Professional rescue team: responsible for control, rescue and

post-accident work of accident

Local emergency organization

Local emergency command headquarter: responsible for

comprehensive command, support, administration and evacuation

around the factory

Professional rescue team: responsible for support the professional

rescue team in the factory

5

Classification of

emergency state and

procedures of

emergency response

Different Procedures of emergency response is applied to

corresponding accidents according to its class

6

Emergency

facilities, equipment

and materials

Emergency facilities, equipment and materials for fire and explosion

prevention mainly refer to relevant fire fighting equipments.

Equipments for preventing leakage of toxic and harmful substances

refer to relevant spraying equipments and materials; preventing

accidental discharge of pollutant mainly refers to normal use of

relevant storage equipments.


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7

Emergency

communication,

notification and

transportation

Stipulating means of communication, notification modes and measures

of traffic control in case of risk accident.

means of communication: telephone, interphone, internet

notification modes: telephone, interphone, internet

means of transportation: cars

traffic control: road in and near the factory

8

Emergency

environmental

monitoring and

post-accident

assessment

There are professional teams to conduct emergency monitoring on

accidents and assess the nature, parameters and consequences of

accident, thus to provide support to commanding department.

9

Emergency

protective measure,

measures and

devices for cleaning

leakage

Accident site: relevant equipment shall be prepared for controlling

accident, preventing accident from spreading and causing chain

reaction, cleaning site leakage and reducing harm.

Peripheral areas: measures shall be taken and relevant equipments shall

be prepared for controlling fire area, preventing chain reaction

accident, controlling and cleaning pollutants.

10

Emergency dose

control, evacuation

plan, medical aid

and public health

Accident site: accident handling personnel shall determine and control

accident's emergency dose, prepare and implement site evacuation plan

and rescue

Peripheral areas: determine the toxicant emergency dose of people in

affected areas, prepare and implement site evacuation plan and rescue

11

Emergency state

termination and

recovery measures

Lift alarming of accidents, post-accident treatment, and recovery

measures

12 Personnel training

and drill

The factory shall organize people to attend training and drill

periodically after the preparation of emergency plan

13 Public education and

information

Public education and training shall be conducted and related

information shall be delivered in peripheral areas

14 Recording and

reporting

Special emergency recording and documentation shall be archived, and

special reporting system shall be established

15 Annex All kinds of annex information related to emergency accident

（2）Accident in sewage treatment plant

The company has developed the “Emergency Response Plan for Wastewater Treatment

Accidents”, when any accident occurs in the sewage treatment plant, the following steps

should be implemented:

The first step: When there is an accident, the water supply and discharge department

should immediately report the accident to the company's environmental protection office and

the production scheduling room by phone, and the production scheduling room should

immediately telephone the chief commander of the emergency rescue headquarters (report to

the deputy commander in absence of the chief commander).The chief commander should

immediately order the member institutions to rush to the scene of the accident, and different

emergency treatments should be implemented depending on the following accident causes.

① The aerobic wastewater treatment facilities may not work correctly due to the faults


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in coarse bar screen, fine bar screen and equipment for aerobic wastewater treatment, so that

there may be accidents caused by direct discharge of wastewater generated in pulping without

effective treatment:

A. If the fault can not be eliminated within 24 hours, then with the chief commander’s

approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down the

production line for pulping and bleaching until the fault is eliminated.

B. If the fault can not be eliminated within 48 hours, then with the chief commander’s

approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down all the

pulp production lines until the fault is eliminated.

② Due to the improper control of wastewater treatment process, the discharged

wastewater may not reach the required standards for more than 24 hours: immediately

determine the cause of the failure, and with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency

rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down the pulp production line until

the fault is eliminated.

③ Due to abnormal wastewater discharge from relevant production workshops, the

pollutant load of wastewater into the wastewater treatment facilities may be too high, thus the

discharged wastewater cannot reach the required standards for more than 24 hours:

immediately determine the cause of the failure, and with the chief commander’s approval, the

emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down the production lines

in the trouble-causing workshops until the fault is eliminated.

④ Abnormal wastewater discharge caused by anaerobic wastewater treatment:

A. Due to the improper control of anaerobic wastewater treatment process, the pollutant

load of wastewater into the anaerobic facility may exceed the requirements, thus the

discharged wastewater can not reach the required standards. Immediately determine the cause

of the failure, and with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency rescue headquarters

should arrange the pulping workshop to reduce its output and discharge its wastewater

directly into the gutters for aerobic treatment, or stop production.

B. If the fault is caused by the failure in preparation section, which make the anaerobic

treatment can not work well, the cause of the failure should be determined immediately, and

with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the

preparation section of pulping workshop to reduce its output or stop production.

The second step: after the accident, the Safety and Environment Protection Department

should immediately report it to Suiping County Environmental Protection Bureau by phone.


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The third step: after the treatment of any source of accident, the facilities should resume

operation with the confirmation of the rescue team.

( 3 ) Failure in dust remover

The emergency plan for failure in dust remover is as follows:

The first step: When there is an accident, the accident should be immediately reported to

the company's production scheduling room by phone, the production scheduling room should

immediately telephone the chief commander of the emergency rescue headquarters (report to

the deputy commander in absence of the chief commander). The chief commander should

immediately order the member institutions to rush to the scene of the accident, and different

emergency treatments should be implemented depending on the following accident causes.

① When the following faults occur, immediately stop the faulty equipment until the

faults are eliminated;

A. Electrical faults:

a. The rectifier transformer produces a lot of heat, or there are obvious flashover, arcing

and vibration within the equipment;

b. The power supply unit is out of control, and big current impact occurs;

c. The electrical equipment is on fire;

d. Other situations that seriously threat the safety of personal and equipments.

B. Mechanical failure

a. Short circuit;

b. The heteropole distance within electric field reduces significantly, arc discharge lasts

in electric field;

c. Failure in ash discharge system.

② Take stopping equipment into account, until the failure is eliminated

A. Electrical failure

a. The rectifier transformer produces a lot of heat;

b. Biased excitation in power supply unit;

c. Thyristor produces a lot of heat;

d. The insulation on the high-voltage side is lower.

B. Mechanical failure:

a. Ash bucket clogging;

b. Burning oil in boiler.

The second step: treatment after electric precipitation fault:


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A. The electric precipitation operator on duty should report to the workshop immediately

and require the run the boiler with lower pressure;

B. Notify the monitor on duty for running boiler;

C. Shut the disc valve of the faulty electric field to prevent the direct smoke emission;

D. The electric precipitation monitor should contact relevant personnel to repair the

faulty electric field;

E. Restore normal operation of the electrostatic precipitator as soon as possible;

F. If the thermal power plant can not eliminate the above faults within 24 hours, the

monitor on duty should report to the deputy plant manager in charge of the thermal power

plant and the emergency rescue headquarters, and switch to the standby boiler.

The third step: after the treatment of any source of accident, the facilities should resume

operation with the confirmation of the rescue team.

4.3.2 Emergency Monitoring

The staff must adhere to the principle of “prevention first, taking the initiative, focusing

on prevention” and work earnestly to prepare for emergency monitoring of pollution

emergencies, the monitoring personnel should prepare to rush to the scene whenever

necessary, the laboratory should prepare for analysis and testing whenever necessary, and the

on-site testing equipment should be debugged. All of these preparations can guarantee that in

case of pollution emergencies, the personnel can be deployed to rush to the scene and quickly

carry out monitoring. The on-site measurement should be done if possible, and necessary

off-site measurement should be done immediately through the analysis and testing in

laboratories according to the samples collected, so as to ensure the timely reporting of data,

thus emergency measures can be taken to prevent the accidental discharge and damage.

This project focuses on the air pollution emergency monitoring.

(1) Atmospheric emergency monitoring

Atmospheric emergency monitoring points should be established around the accident

polluted area and in the nearby residential areas, key monitoring points should be located

within the downwind scope that may be affected by the accident contaminated area, and the

evacuation of the masses should be organized if the monitoring factors at the pollution

emergency monitoring points exceed relevant standards of the State.

① Monitoring time

From the occurrence of the pollution incident to its end, the monitoring should be carried


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out twice a day.

② Sampling and analysis methods for monitoring

Implement according to relevant national regulations and standards, so as to meet the data

validity.

(2) Surface water emergency monitoring

In case of an accident involving contaminated surface water, the water body should be

monitored according to special circumstances, and attentions should be paid to water safety.

In case of human and animal water use, the masses should be noticed to suspense the water

use, and they should get the water after the elimination of danger.

4.3.3 Emergency Rescue Safeguards

(1) Financial security: special funds for pollution emergency should be allocated, so as to

purchase emergency facilities, equipments and apparatuses and carry out daily publicity,

training and exercises, and this should be regarded as a safeguard to the emergency funds for

sudden environmental pollution.

(2) Equipment Support: the plant should prepare a number of emergency relief supplies

and be equipped with appropriate safety and fire protection equipments, and it should carry

out daily maintenance, so as to provide equipment support to environmental emergency

response.

(3) Support to communications and human resources: ensure effective communications

within the whole plant, the members of major emergency rescue organization should be

equipped with appropriate communication tools, and effective communications 24 hours a

day must be ensured, so that the emergency personnel and rescue equipment supplies can be

in place in time.

(4) Publicity, training and exercises: the publicity on the prevention of pollution

emergencies should be enhanced usually, and local fire department should be invited to give

technical guidance and training to the members of the company’s emergency response leading

group and staff, the “Environmental Emergency Handbook” should be distributed, and a

emergency drills should be carried out every six months. Targeted science publicity, education

and training, as well as relevant information should be given to the public around the plant, so

as to enhance the masses’ awareness of self-protection, self-help and mutual aid.


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4.3.4 Aftermaths of Pollution Accident

After controlling the environmental emergencies, the following aftermaths should be

treated simultaneously:

(1) Promptly investigate the cause of environmental pollution accidents, describe the

basic situation of pollution incident in a qualitative and quantitative manner, assess the entire

incident, and investigate and punish the relevant people for dereliction of duty and causing

serious consequences.

(2) Collect relevant data for record, including the nature, parameters and consequences

of the accident, decision records, and information analysis and so on, and summarize the

works, so as to provide a basis for the command authorities to make decisions on preventing

environmental emergencies.

(3) Rescue and appease the injured workers or the masses, and formulate the

corresponding compensation plans and deal with other aftermaths;

(4) Check and repair the damaged facilities and equipments, resume production when the

facilities and equipment are able to work normally again.


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储罐区围堰 Cofferdam in Tank Farm


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5 Public Communication Mechanism for Environmental Protection

5.1 Major Problems of Public Concerns

（1）The company shall invest adequate capital in environmental protection, be

committed to environmental protection projects and ensure that the pollutants can reach the

standards. Especially in strengthening the prevention and control of the waste water during

paper-making, the company shall guarantee that the waste water discharged meet the

standards.

（2）Local environmental protection authorities shall enhance the supervision over the

company and urge the company to implement all types of environmental measures during

operation.

（3）All the production activities of the company shall be carried out on the premise of

not damaging local residents’ health and local environment. If the damages do exist, active

and effective measures shall be taken by the local government, environmental protection

department and the company to decrease the adverse impact to the lowest point.

5.2 Public Communication Plan for Environmental Protection

（1）The company shall strengthen publicity, give publicity to the construction situation

of the project and environmental protection measures, eliminate local residents’ worry about

the “three wastes” pollution, try to win the understanding of them and coordinate the

relationship with them.

（2）The company shall carry out all types of environmental protection measures,

ensure the capital of pollution prevention and control. The money shall be used for the

intended purpose. After being constructed and put into use, the factory shall ensure that all the

environmental protection measures run and the pollutants meet the standards.

（3）A mailbox and an anteroom shall be set to receive the supervision from the

residents of the community. Rectification, reform and management works shall be done in

response to environmental problems.

（4）The contact number and contact person are made public as a communication

channel with the public during construction and operation period.


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6 Plans for Environmental Monitoring and Supervision

6.1 Environmental Supervision Plan

The key to environmental protection is environmental management. Experience has

proved that environmental management is as important as enterprise planning, production,

product quality, technology and finance. They are all important parts in enterprise

management. Good and effective environmental management plays an active role in

improving environment, economic and social efficiency.

The basic task of environmental management is to protect the environment, develop

cleaner production, and improve productivity and economic efficiency. Therefore, the

environmental management shall be strengthened to ensure the facilities dealing with the

“three wastes” functioning well and make a coordinated development and virtuous cycle for

economic, environmental and social effectiveness.

6.1.1 Environmental Management Institution

Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd. has formed a relatively perfect

environmental management system. According to the features of production organization and

the requirements of environmental protection, the enterprise designates a vice manager to be

responsible for environmental protection, supervise the factory’s environmental management

and the facilities’ operation. In addition, it sets specific environmental protection office

supporting dedicated manager. The specific contents of environmental protection work consist

of the reduction and control of solid wastes, the control and dispose of waste gas and water

and the control of the noise. Refer to Table 6-1 for the list of personnel of environmental

protection institution.

Table 6-1 list of personnel of Environmental Protection Institution

Company Post Number of staff

Company leader General Manager of the company 1

The CPC Party Secretary 1

Functional

department

Safety and

environmental

protection

department

Manager and Deputy Manager 2

Staff member 4

Major workshops Part-time environmental protection

staff 28


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6.1.2 Main responsibilities of Environmental Management Institution

（2）Organizing and implementing national, provincial and municipal environmental

protection laws and regulations, environmental protection systems and working requirements.

Formulating short-term, medium-term and long-term environmental protection plan based on

the actual situation of the company, supervise the implementation and solve the existing

problems.

（3）Formulating rational plans to maintain the safe and stable operation of these

environmental protection facilities.

（3）Monitoring the company’s discharge of the pollutants including waste water, waste

gas, noise and solid wastes during operation period and establish and improving the

environmental protection record.

（4）Being responsible for environmental protection education of staffs of each

department in the company, improving the environmental protection awareness of staffs to

enable active effort for cleaner production and implementing the prevention and reduction of

wastes in each producing process.

（5）Making great effort to the research and development of pollution control and

cleaner production technology. Collecting new workmanship and technology information on

environmental protection and promote them in the company.

（6）Being responsible for the security supervision of the pollution prone positions,

well prepared for the emergency, and decreasing the probability of occurrence of accident to

the lowest point.

（7）Coordinating with company’s equipment department, maintain and repair

environmental protection facilities, implementing unified management of environmental

protection facilities and major production facilities, conducting regular inspection, keeping

records and ensuring the normal running of the facilities.

（8）Being responsible for the statistical analysis of the environmental monitoring data,

making corresponding analysis and processing of the information.

（9）Being responsible for the supervision of pollution source, data collection, analysis

and report in time.

（10）Organizing publicity, education, training and labour emulation on environmental

protection, improving the environmental protection awareness of staffs.

（11）Being responsible for the formulation of environmental pollution control plan.


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Participating in the demonstration of governance plan, being in charge of the agreement

signing and the monitoring and accepting of the completion acceptance of the project.

（12）Collecting statistics of the environmental protection facilities’ operation and the

environmental management situation, reporting to the department, and having this

information be submitted.

6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental monitoring is the benchmark to measure the results of environmental

management, the prevention and control of industrial pollution and environmental

management. To strengthen pollution control is an effective method to understand and grasp

the enterprises’ sewage features, make research on pollution developing trend, environmental

protection technology and comprehensive utilization of energy. Therefore, laboratory and

fixed workplace with monitoring (analysis) personnel, instruments and facilities shall be set to

carry out routinely regular monitoring work. Formulate monitoring system, make regular

monitoring of the pollution source and the treatment facilities of the "three wastes" and make

a record of the data. For the companies without monitoring ability, they shall entrust the local

environmental protection monitoring station. Monitoring and analysis shall be carried out in

accordance with national requirements, and monitoring personnel shall receive training and

education and work with the certificate.

Environmental monitoring of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd. includes the

following aspects:

(1) Regular monitoring by the analysis room for normal operation and ensuring the

pollutants meeting the standards: COD of waste water, pH every 4 hours and BOD,

SS monthly.

(2) Continuous monitoring facilities shall be installed for the monitoring of the factory's

sewage and atmospheric discharge;

(3) Zhumadian Environmental Monitoring Station is entrusted to conduct environmental

monitoring: Zhumadian Environmental Monitoring Station shall provide monitoring

data once a season to the enterprises. The enterprises shall optimize the treatment

facilities and operation according to the data.

(4) This project supports independent monitoring including independent verification and

monitoring of dioxin discharge.


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(5) Special monitoring: environmental monitoring of the completion and acceptance of

technology renovation according to the national requirements.

6.2.1The goal of environmental monitoring

The company shall monitor the discharged waste water, boiler gas and noise and know

the impact of this project on the environment in time to provide basis for pollution control and

environmental protection.

6.2.2 Environmental monitoring institution

（1）Regular monitoring institution

Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd. has two monitoring laboratories and has set

up an analysis laboratory with an area of about 100 square meters and 7 full-time monitoring

personnel who are responsible for the daily monitoring of waste water sources and the

carrying out by pH, SS, COD, BOD5, DO etc. The assessment shows that the company has a

perfect engineering monitoring institution which can monitor water pollutants. The

monitoring of waste gas and noise shall be entrusted to qualified local environmental

protection departments. The existing monitoring institution can meet the requirement.

（2）Special monitoring institution

Some special monitoring institutions: the acceptance and monitoring of the completion of

the project organized by environmental protection department shall be supervised by local

Environmental Protection Bureau in environmental management and the implementation of

monitoring.

6.2.3 Monitoring equipment configuration

In order to ensure the monitoring work, necessary equipment is needed in the monitoring

station. Refer to Table 6-3 for the details.

Table 6-2 List of Major Monitoring Equipment

No Name Number Remark

1 1/10000 balance 1

2 Spectrophotometer 1

3 precision sound level meter 2

4 Flowmeter 2

5 biochemical incubator 1


78

No Name Number Remark

6 Refrigerator 1

7 analysis of glass instrument Some

8 chemical reagent Some

chlorine dioxide analyzer 1

9 Total /

6.2.4 Responsibilities of environmental monitoring lab

（1）Formulating monitoring plan of the discharged pollutants according to national

environmental quality standards.

（2）Conducting daily monitoring on the company’s discharged pollutants, analyzing

and processing monitoring data, establishing pollution source record and having it reported in

time.

（3）Analyzing monitoring results so as to understand the pollution situation. When the

accident happens, the problem shall be reported to prevent pollution accident.

（4）Making great efforts to the repair, maintenance and calibration of monitoring

facilities.

（5）Participating in the investigation of the company’s environmental pollution

accidents.

6.2.5 Environmental monitoring plan

（1）Monitoring plan

Technical renovation project has a large production scale and relates to many relevant

production sectors. According to the species and output of the production, the automatic

supervision and control plan is as follows: based on the framework of the integration of

management and control, wide-spread, advanced and reliable DCS system is installed in the

workshop of pulping, paper making, waste water treatment and electrical heating project.

Meanwhile, a network system is connected with all production control systems and

department management systems. The management personnel can access all information in

the process of production, pollutant discharge, abnormal discharge (such as overflow, leakage

and facility off-stream) through network exchanging data and information. They shall

implement production scheduling and maintenance. Each workshop can also exchange

information to optimize production, reduce wastes discharge, ensuring the control on


79

pollution and normal function of treatment facilities. This plan will benefit the production

process to meet the requirement of workmanship design, give play to the excellent properties

of advanced production facilities and benefit management department to achieve intended

economic and environmental protection effective target.

（2）Monitoring plan

Refer to Table 6-3 for the regular monitoring plan after technology renovation in

operation period according to the pollution source like waste gas and noise and pollution

discharge situation. Monitoring method shall refer to relevant national technological standards

and norms.

Table 6-3 List of Monitoring Plan

监测

期 Monitoring

factors

Monitoring

position Monitoring item

Monitori

ng

frequency

Monitori

ng

institutio

n

Expense

(CNY)

Con

structio

n

prio

d(o

ne y

ear)

Construction

dust Two sites at the east

boundry of the mill TSP Once every

two months Third

party

3000

Construction

wastewater / /

/

Construction

noise Four sites around the

mill LeqdB(A) Once every

two months 2000

小计 5000

Op

eratio

n p

eriod

Po

llutio

n so

urce m

on

itorin

g

Waste

water

Inlet and outlet of

waste water

treatment station

pH,chroma,SS,BOD5,

CODcr,ammonia

nitrogenand drainage

volume

Once a

shift

Baiyun

Paper

laboratory

10000

The master outlet of

waste water

pH,chroma,SS,BOD5,

CODcr, ammonia

nitrogen, total

nitrogen, total

phosphorus

and drainage volume

Once a

day

Baiyun

Paper

laboratory

10000

（supervis

ory monitoring

by the governmen

t）

The master outlet of

waste water

pH,chroma,SS,BOD5,

CODcr,ammonia

nitrogen,total

nitrogen, total

phosphorus

and drainage volume

Once a

season

Zhumadia

n

Environm

ental

Monitorin

g Station

10000

（supervis

ory monitoring

by the governmen

t）

Workshop or waste

water discharge

outlet of the

production facilities

AOX, dioxin

At random

Environm

ental

Monitorin

g center of

Henan

province

20000

http://www.iciba.com/ammonia_nitrogen







80

Waste

gas

Waste

gas in

the

boiler

Inlet and

outlet of

precipitat

or

The amount of

smoke, dust,NOx,SO2

Once a

season

Suiping

Environm

ental

Monitorin

g station

20000

（supervis

ory monitoring

by the governmen

t）

Waste

alkali

furnace

Inlet and

outlet of

dust

collector

The amount of

smoke, dust,NOx,SO2

Once a

season

Suiping

Environm

ental

Monitorin

g station

20000

（supervis

ory monitoring

by the

governmen

t）

chlorine

dioxide

for the

waste

gas

Inlet and

outlet of

scrubber

Gas, chlorine At random

Zhumadia

n

environme

ntal

Monitorin

g Station

10000

Fugitive waste gas chlorine,odor and

TSP At random

Zhumadia

n

Environm

ental

Monitorin

g Station

10000

Noise Workshop of strong

noise Noise dB(A)

Once a

season

Suiping

environme

ntal

Monitorin

g station

2000

Solid

waste

s

boiler ash

Comprehensive

utilization and

treatment

Once a

month

Third

party or

Zhumadia

n

Environm

ental

Monitorin

g Station

30000

white bole

recovered from

alkali

Sludge in pollutant

treatment station

Pulp residue in

pulping workshop

chlorine dioxide for

mirabilite salt

Solid waste landfill Ground water

Once a

year or at

random

Third

party or

Zhumadia

n

Environm

ental

Monitorin

g Station

10000

En

vir

on

me

nta

l

Envir

onme

nt gas

Chezhan town, Guo

Zhuang, NO. 2 High

School of the

county, Wang

Zhuang

SO2,NO2,

TSP,PM10 ,NH3,H2S

Once a

year

Zhumadia

n

Environm

ental

Monitorin

g Station

10000


81

mo

nit

ori

ng

of

the

out

sid

e

Under

groun

d

water

Zhou Zhuang,

Wangchen, Geda

Liu

（set monitoring

wells white bole

spare landfill）

pH,total

hardness,TDS,ammon

ia

nitrogen,permanganat

e index

Once a

season

Zhumadia

n

Environm

ental

Monitorin

g Station

30000

Acous

tic

enviro

nment

factory boundary

Noise dB(A)

Once a

season

Suiping

environme

ntal

Monitorin

g Station

194000

Total 199000

Considering that Henan monitoring center is not able to detect dioxin, Baiyun paper

promised to entrust qualified unit to monitor dioxin during the demonstration period.

7 Personnel Training

7.1 On-job Training for Environmental Management Personnel

The goal of the training for the on-job environmental management personnel is to

strengthen environmental management during construction period and operation period,

guarantee environmental monitoring quality and practical and effective environmental

management and then improve the quality of the project. The environmental management

personnel shall have the knowledge to distinguish major environmental problems in

construction period and understand the problems and weaknesses in environmental

management.

7.2 Training for Project Responsible Persons and Construction Personnel

Before the commencement of the project, the project construction responsible people and

workers from the company which won the bid shall receive systematic training on

environment professional knowledge to avoid damaging the environment by wrong operation

during the construction period. The goal of training the responsible people is to make clear of

the responsibility of the construction company to protect the environment. The goal of

training the workers is to standardize the correct operating mode during the construction

period and operation period to avoid the unnecessary damages to the environment by their

activities. The training responsibility for the project responsible people and workers lies with

the project environmental protection responsible people. Their main task is to explain the





82

possible damages during the project’s construction period and the environmental protection

measures and treatment methods for the environment problems. The project responsible

people shall understand their obligations in environmental protection and the possible

outcome brought by environment damages and the workers shall directly understand

protective degree and methods of the sensitive point of the environment through the training.

According to the practical condition, the training for the workers will last one week.

7.3 Staff Training in Project Operation Period

During the operation period of the project, regular environmental protection knowledge

training shall be held to help the staff to deal with possible environment problems and take

necessary measures. Each staff shall have the idea to protect the environment.

7.4 Training methods and Expense budget

Refer to 7-1 for training methods and budget

Table 7-1 List of Training Methods and Budget

No Trainee Content Training

method

Numbe

r of

trainee

Expense (10

thousand

RMB)

1 Management staff of

the project

Knowledge on

environmental

management

on-job

training 8 3 days，0.2


the project

Site-visit and learn the

matured environmental

management experience

Visit and

investigatio

n

8 4 days，1.5


the project

Environmental

management measure of

the project

on-job

training 10 0.1

4

Responsible people

of the project and

workers

Knowledge and

measures on

environmental

management

on-job


5 Workers

Knowledge on

environmental

management of the

project

on-job


6

Operating staff after

the completion of the

project

Knowledge and

measures on

environmental

management

on-job

training 200 2


83


84

8 Occupational Sanitation, Health and safety

8.1 Setting of Occupational Health Institutions

Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd has a comprehensive occupational health management

organization. The design of occupational health management institution is as follows:

The enterprise has formed occupational health and safety management network,

established the "Occupational Health and Safety Committee" with the legal person of the

enterprise as the chief and its affiliated occupational health and safety office established.

Occupational health and safety work of the enterprise belongs to production department

which owns four full-time occupational health and safety engineers. They are specifically

responsible for the occupational health and safety management within the enterprise, handing

out occupational disease prevention appliances, the occupational health and safety education

and occupation health data archiving.

At present, beside forming a whole set of technological operation specification, the

enterprise has formulated the "environment and occupational health and safety management

system work file", developed perfect occupational health regulations and operation rules such

as "occupational health and safety inspection management approach", "emergency plan of

occupational hazard accident " etc. The enterprise often carries out emergency drills of fire

safety and occupational poisoning accident to urge the staff to strictly implement occupational

health regulations and operation rules made by the enterprise. All these measures help to

protect the staff’s health, reduce or eliminate the occupational disease and play an active role

in production development.

The production department of the enterprise has formulated an occupational hazards

monitoring plan and assigned the Zhumadian Disease Control Center to conduct selective test

and determination on occupational disease hazard factors. The test results are preserved in the

occupational health archive and the results are regularly reported to the responsible leader of

the factory.

http://www.iciba.com/conduct_a_selective_examination


85

8.2 Occupational Health Education

Occupational health education lies with production department and the workshop. All

staff shall have pre-job training on occupational health and safety and regular or irregular

training on occupational health.

Besides, blackboard display is set in the factory to regularly promote laws, regulations

and operation rules on occupational disease prevention and treatment, give correct guidance to

the staff on using occupational disease prevention devices and individual prevention

appliances and improve their consciousness on self-protection.

8.3 Occupational Prevention Appliance

To reduce the hazard of occupational disease on workers, guarantee their health, the

enterprise shall distribute occupational disease prevention appliances like protective helmet,

working clothes and shoes, gloves, elastic earplugs, earmuffs, filter type anti-poison respirator,

protective glasses, and insulation clothes to the workers for individual use.

In conclusion, the enterprise has a relatively perfect occupational health management

institution and system which can basically meet the needs of occupational health management

after the reconstruction and expansion of the project. However, some occupational diseases

have not been effectively controlled. Therefore, the enterprise shall strengthen the

construction of its production technology renovation and occupational health prevention

facilities to minimize the incidence of the disease.


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9 Legal Force of law of Environmental Management Plan

Environmental protection action plan is the action guidance of implementing

environmental protection measures of the construction organization and the basis of

environmental department’s checking and accepting the implementation of the environmental

protection measures. Therefore, environmental protection action plan shall have the same

force of law with contracts, tender letter etc.

When tendering for building organizations, the construction organization shall provide

environmental protection action plan as a basic material for the bidding unit and require

submission of the action plan in the tender and all types of environmental protection expense

included in construction appropriation budget. When examining the tender documents, the

construction organization shall consider the implementation of environmental protection

action plan as one kind of the service and make clear that the action plan is one factor of the

project quality. The damages brought by not implementing the action plan shall be borne by

the building company. The chief of environmental department of the project shall fully

understand the meaning of the protection action plan before the start of the project and is

responsible for the explanation to the building organization. Project supervision organization

shall take environmental protection action plan as one of the evidences of the supervision, and

the project shall not be accepted if the environmental protection plan is not implemented.

Building organization shall designate specific personnel to take charge of environmental

protection action plan, formulate implementation plan and carry out the plan follow the action

plan time schedule.


87

10 Budget for Environmental Management Plan

See Table 10-1 and 10-2 for the budget of environmental management.

Table 10-1 Budget of Environmental Management Plan in Construction Period

Item Budget in operation period

（10 thousand RMB）

Capital

source

Environmental management institution operation

(including salary and working and traffic expense) 20

Construction

capital

Water quality

monitoring Laboratory analysis 10

Sample taking staff

salary 14

Water quality analysis

amount 24

Air quality and noise


Sample taking staff

salary /

Air and noise

monitoring amount 10

Other monitoring expense 10

Supervision engineer budget 5

Environmental protection facilities operation 30

Environmental management total budget in

construction period 99

Table 10-2 budget of Environmental Management in Operation Period

Item Budget in operation period

（10 thousand RMB）

Capital

source

Environmental management institution

operation(including salary and working and

transportation expense)

20

Self-financin

g by

enterprise

Water quality


Sample taking staff

salary /

Water quality analysis

amount 36

Air quality and noise


Sample taking staff

salary /

Air and noise

monitoring amount 10


88

Other monitoring expense 40

Environmental protection facilities operation 250

Training budget 15

Environmental management total budget in

operation period 350

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