EIA

an

d E

MP

@ D

r. A

.K.M

. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Professor

Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM)

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)

Training Course on ‘Mainstreaming Environment, Climate Change and

Disaster Risk Management into Development Planning’

Dr. A.K.M. Saiful Islam

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

Environmental Management

Plan (EMP)

An EMP is a site-specific plan developed

to ensure that all necessary measures are

identified and implemented in order to

protect the environment and comply with

environmental legislation

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T Components of EMP

Summary of Potential Impacts

Description of Planned Mitigation Measures

Description of Planned Environmental Monitoring

Description of Planned Public Consultation Process

Description of the Responsibilities and Authorities for Implementation of

Mitigation

Measures and Monitoring Requirements

Description of Responsibilities for Reporting and Review

Work Plan including staffing chart, proposed schedules of participation

by various members of the project team, and activities and inputs of

various government agencies

Environmental Responsible Procurement Plan

Detailed Cost Estimates

Mechanisms for feedback and adjustment

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

1. Loss fish breeding

1. Action: Loss of breading, nursery and

feeding ground in flood plain.

1. Impact: Reduction in Fish protein

consumption.

Unemployment of fisherman.

1. Mitigation Measures: Allow controlled flooding.

Compensate the loss by fish culture.

Fish farm

Fish breeding

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

2. Obstruction to fish migration

2. Action:

Obstruction to mitigation of fish.

2. Impact:

Same as 1.

2. Mitigation Measures:

Provide adequate opening in

roads and embankments along

routes of fish migration.

Fish ladder

Fish pass

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

3. Action: Reproduction failure and

destruction of fish by uncontrolled use of pesticide.

3. Impact: Same as 1.

3. Mitigation Measures: Adopt Integrated Pest

Management (IPM) for pest control.

Prevent drainage from agriculture land from reaching water bodies.

3. Uncontrolled Pesticide

Bugs used in IPM

Applying Pesticide

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

4.Drying up of wetland

4. Action: Drying up of the wetlands for

agriculture purpose and destruction of habitat for fish, birds, amphibians etc.

4. Impact: Reduction in Fishery.

Elimination of species of fish, birds, amphibians etc.

Disruption of wetland ecology.

4. Mitigation Measures: Avoid complete drying up of

wetlands and swamp land.

Restore alternative habitat for endangered species.

wetland

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

5. Action: Clearing of forest lands and cutting of trees

within the right-of-way of the road.

5. Impact: Reduction in forest cover.

Reduction in forest products.

Disruption of forest ecology.

5. Mitigation Measures: Find alternative route to avoid forest

through planning exercise.

Replace the trees by plantation along road sides.

5.Cutting trees

Cutting forest

Cutting trees on road

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

6.Spreading Nuisance plants

6. Action: Spreading of nuisance plants from

borrow pit.

6. Impact: Damage crops during flood.

6. Mitigation Measures: Incorporate destruction of such

plants in maintenance program.

Convert the plants into a compost for application as a soil conditioner/manure. Nuisance plants

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

7.Pollution from drainage

7. Action: Discharge nutrient enriched

agricultural land drainage in surface water.

7. Impact: Causes eutrophication and surface

water pollution.

Makes the water unsuitable for beneficial uses.

Destroys aquatic environment.

7. Mitigation Measures: Prevent agricultural land

drainage from reaching from reaching surface waters.

Agriculture drainage pollution

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

8.Water pollution

8. Action:

Reaching residues of pesticides in surface and groundwater from agricultural lands.

8. Impact:

Cause water pollution.

Contaminates sources of water supply.

Pesticides residues accumulate in bio-mass.

8. Mitigation Measures:

Reduce use of pesticides through IPM.

Prevent agricultural land drainage from reaching surface water.

Agriculture runoff

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

9.Erosion and Siltation

9. Action: Erosion of road and embankment surfaces

and sides, road openings, bed and banks of rivers/canals subsequent silation in down stream.

9. Impact: Cause damage to road and embankment.

Affect stability of road/embankment and their structures.

Increases turbidity of water.

Siltation of canal bed and agricultural lands.

9. Mitigation Measures: Select appropriate soils for road and

embankment construction.

Compact the road materials properly.

Provide proper slope for surface drainage and vegetation cover.

Provide adequate opening for discharge of flood and accumulated rain water.

Erosion of embankment

Sediment Loading

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T 10.Drainage congestions and

water logging

10. Action:

Drainage congestion and water logging

10. Impact:

Crop damage and loss of agricultural lands.

Cause water pollution.

Provide ground fro mosquito breeding.

10. Mitigation Measures:

Provide adequate opening for drainage.

Provide facilities for pumping of congested water.

Pumping of drained water

Drainage canal

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T 11. Disruption of Regional

Hydrology 11. Action:

Disruption of regional hydrology through obstruction of flood flow.

Back water effect due to constructions across flood plains.

11. Impact:

Increase duration, severity and frequency of flood.

Changes flooding pattern and ground water recharge.

11. Mitigation Measures:

Avoid road construction across the flood plain in the direction perpendicular to flood flow.

Provide adequate opening for flood flow.

Hydrologic Cycle

Road across flow direction

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T 12. Backflow from drainage canal

12. Action:

Backflow of water through drainage canals.

12. Impact:

Causes early flooding.

12. Mitigation Measures:

Install regulator to control inflow and outflow through drainage canal.

Gate of regulator

Regulator

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

13. Action: Obstruction to waste water flow

by roads and embankments.

13. Impact: Create water pollution.

Deteriorates quality of environment.

13. Mitigation Measures: Provide drainage structure.

Install pumping facilities.

Install treatment plant for waste water treatment.

13. Obstruction to waste water

Drainage structure

Adequate drainage

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

14. Action: Dust blowing from unpaved roads

during construction and movement of vehicles.

14. Impact: Health hazards due to dust

pollution.

Damage to vegetation and trees along the road.

14. Mitigation Measures: Control moisture content during

construction by watering.

Stabilize road surface with a suitable stabilizer.

Increase vegetation cover on road surface and slopes.

14. Dust blowing from construction

Dust blowing

Vegetation

cover

Compaction

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

15. Action: Use of irrigation water with high and

imbalance salt content.

15. Impact: Increase soil salinity and

alkanity/acidity

Alteration of soil texture and permeability.

Affects soil fertility.

15. Mitigation Measures: Use surface water where available.

Conduct chemical analysis of ground water before use and select the aquifer producing good quality water.

Determine salinity of surface water in coastal areas before use as irrigation water.

15. Polluted irrigation water

Purification of polluted irrigation

water by using riparian plants.

Irrigation tail water may contain

pollutants such as pesticide

residues, sediment, nutrients

and salt.

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

16. Action: Use of irrigation water with high iron

content.

16. Impact: Impart reddish color to top soil.

Changes soil texture and permeability.

16. Mitigation Measures: Look for an alternative water source,

the right strata producing water with low iron content.

Detain the aerated water in a reservoir, canal before application in the field.

16. Contaminated irrigation water

Contaminated water

Clear water for irrigation

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

17. Action: Loss of agricultural land.

17. Impact: Deprives a group of farmers of their

means of living.

Increases landlessness in the area.

Reduces employment in agriculture.

Affects agricultural production.

17. Mitigation Measures: Plan the project to avoid fertile

agricultural land.

Rehabilitate the affected people.

Generate employment opportunities in other activities.

17. Loss of agricultural land

Agricultural land

Loss of land due to road

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

18. Action: Obstruction to navigation and

plying of boat.

18. Impact: Disruption of cheap mode of

transportation.

Adverse effects on communication.

18. Mitigation Measures: Provide openings at major

routes and construct road structures leaving adequate clearance above high flood level for plying of boats.

18. Obstruction to navigation

Opening for navigation

Should be above HFL

Box culvert bridge

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

19. Action:

Change in land ownership pattern within project area.

19. Impact:

Inadequately distribution of project benefits.

19. Mitigation Measures:

Regulation of land ownership transfer in the project area.

19. Change of Land ownership

pattern

Unequal distribution

of water

Irrigation canal

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

20. Action: Inadequate considerations to land

use and landscape.

20. Impact: Landscape disfiguration by irregular

borrowpits, deep cuts, fills, unplanned growth of shops, and other services.

20. Mitigation Measures: Replant disfigured surfaces.

Use a design to blend with landscape.

Prevent unplanned construction and unauthorized uses of roads and embankments.

20. Inadequate landscape

Borrow pits

Blend landscape due

to construction

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

Example 2: EMP for a Bridge of LGED

Mitigation Plan

Enhancement Plan

Monitoring Plan

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T Mitigation Plan

Regional Hydrology and Flooding

There is significant flow in the Modhumati river (on which the bridge is

to be constructed) round the year. Chars form in the river during the dry

season. A relatively large charland is visible at the downstream of the

proposed site. Field observations and analysis of secondary

hydrological data indicate that floodwater flow through the bridge site

will not be significantly affected after construction of the bridge.

Analysis of design conditions also suggest that the flood flow will not

affect the bridge if adequate opening is provided in the design.

Erosion

Field observations and hydro-morphological analysis indicate that the

site is not prone to erosion. Only minor local erosion protection

measures may be required in the long term.

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

Water Pollution

Construction activities are likely to increase water pollution, mainly

turbidity and sediment load. Discharge of wastewater and solid waste

from the construction site and establishments around the bridge site

after construction should be contained or controlled.

Air Quality

The main adverse impact of the bridge on air quality would be an

increase in dust due to construction related activities and vehicular

movement. This bridge will increase regional connectivity with the

proposed Padma Bridge. Hence traffic volume through this bridge is

likely to increase significantly, which will deteriorate air quality. The

following measures should be undertaken to reduce dust:

During construction (due to construction activities): Careful location of

the construction camp; taking all dust reducing measures such as water

spraying, covering loose soil and sand, etc; ensuring slow movement of

vehicles carrying construction materials on the unpaved roads.

After construction (due to increased traffic): Increased road-side

vegetation cover; water-spraying during heavy traffic.

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T Noise Pollution

Noise pollution is also anticipated to increase significantly. Since the

bridge and the approach roads are very close to densely populated

areas, particularly on the Kalia side, the impact is likely to be

significant. The following measures should be undertaken to reduce the

noise level:

During construction: Use of good quality machinery with low noise and

vibration; proper repair and maintenance of machinery; restriction on

speed and horn of vehicles passing through the settlements.

After construction: Compliance with traffic control rules and regulations.

Fish Habitat

Fish habitat and migration routes in the Modhumati river are likely to be

affected by the bridge. Mitigation measures will be particularly required

during construction of the bridge. The following measures should be

undertaken to safeguard the local fish habitat:

During construction: Minimal disturbance and damage to the existing

fish habitat.

After construction: Imposing ban on fishing at the bridge site;

awareness campaign in the local community for protection of fish

habitat.

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

Loss of Lands

Since the Kalia side is densely populated, loss of lands for

construction of the bridge and approach roads will be significant.

The following measures should be undertaken to minimize the

impacts of land acquisition and resettlement in case these are

required:

Minimal land acquisition and resettlement should be targeted.

Appropriate compensation and resettlement mechanism aimed at

minimal disruption of ongoing activities should be formulated in

consultation with the affected people.

Consultation with the affected people at all stages for payment of

reasonable compensation for acquired/affected properties and/or

loss of income, and to provide suitable resettlement options with

adequate infrastructure.

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

Navigation and Boat Communication

Barges and passenger launches along with small country boats are

observed to travel through the river at the proposed bridge site. Also,

barge-mounted power plants are expected to be transported through

the bridge site. Therefore impact of the bridge on navigation is likely to

be significant. The following measures should be undertaken to

minimize any adverse impact of the bridge on navigation and boat

communication:

Adequate navigational clearance should be provided under the bridge.

Adequate navigational passage should be provided during

construction.

All temporary constructions (cofferdams, mounds, etc.) should be

removed by the Contractor by the end of project completion period.

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T Enhancement Plan Industrial Activities

Establishment of new small- and medium-scale industries of various

kinds is likely to increase after construction of the bridge because of

more favorable road connectivity with Gopalganj. Particularly, more

brick fields are likely to be established on the Gopalganj (Chapail ghat)

side. Zoning restrictions should be imposed on these brick fields.

Establishment of these industries should be facilitated while ensuring

their compliance with the EQS, and providing proper road/river

connectivity for their smooth operation.

Employment Opportunities

Employment opportunities are likely to increase because of increased

mobility across the Modhumati river, and establishment of new

industries.

New employment may be facilitated through: (a) temporary

employment at the construction site, and (b) employment in new

industries and businesses.

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T Transportation and Road Communication

Apart from improving the regional connectivity, the bridge will

significantly improve road communication between Mollahat-Kalia and

Gopalganj and improve access to better schools, haats and healthcare

facilities on the Gopalganj side. To get the full benefit of the bridge and

to ensure a better regional connectivity, the rural and regional road

networks should be improved by widening the roads, straightening up

the curves/bends, repair/maintenance of existing roads and

construction of new feeder roads.

Travel Safety

The bridge will reduce the risks for the children in crossing the river by

ferry during monsoon. However, the bridge will attract inter-district

buses and large vehicles since this will open a much shorter route to

Bagerhat. Since the Kalia side is very densely populated, road safety

and traffic management will be very important. Appropriate measures

including walkways, traffic signs, traffic safety regulations, pedestrian

crossing, etc., should be put in place so that people can safely use the

bridge. During construction of the bridge, the Contractor should take

appropriate measures to minimize road safety hazard and

inconvenience to road users.

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

Service Accessibility to Health

Access to better healthcare facilities on the Gopalganj side will improve

if the rural roads are repaired and improved. People on the Kalia side

will also have a better access to Gopalganj Hospital if the local roads

are improved. Improvement of the rural and local roads will also provide

a better access to ambulance services.

Education/Literacy

The bridge will provide access to better schools and colleges on the

Gopalganj side. These include Govt. Bangabandhu College, Sheikh

Hasina Girls’ School and College and Haji Lalmia City College. Mostly

students living on the Kalia side will be benefited. Walkways and travel

routes connecting the bridge with the schools and colleges should be

improved for better and safer movement of students specially girls.

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

Cultural and Heritage Values/ Recreation

The bridge will significantly improve access to important sites in the

area such as ‘Bangabandhu Mausoleum’. The bridge will also

facilitate easier access to important religious/tourist destinations

such as the ‘Shat Gombuz Mosque’ and ‘Khan Jahan Ali

Mausoleum’ in Khulna and Bagerhat. Adequate road signs and

directions should be provided at the road junctions and other

appropriate places to facilitate easy travel to these destinations.

Since this bridge is in a very close proximity to the proposed Padma

bridge, long-distance travelers may find it enjoyable if the

architectural design of the bridge is made similar to that of the

Padma bridge.

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T Monitoring PlanAll monitoring activities should be carried out by LGED unless specified

otherwise. A network should be formed with the local communities for

specific purposes.

Regional Hydrology and Flooding

Safety of bridge and possible erosion/breaching of the approach roads

should be monitored during extreme floods. The local community may

be involved in this monitoring.

Erosion

During construction, riverbank erosion/bed scouring should be regularly

monitored by LGED engineers.

Water Pollution

Monitor and control wastewater discharge.

Monitor compliance of water quality with DoE Standards during and

after construction

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

DoE Water Quality Standard for

Inland Surface Waters

Parameter Unit

Recreation

activity Fisheries

pH - 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5

BOD mg/l mg/L 3 or less 6 or less

DO mg/l mg/L 5 or more 5 or more

Total Coliform No. /100mL 200 or less -

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T DoE Standards for Air

Categories of Area

Microgram per cubic meter

SPMSulphur-

dioxide

Carbon

Monoxide

Nitrogen

Oxides

Industrial and

Mixed 500 120 5000 100

Commercial and

Mixed 400 100 5000 100

Residential and

rural 200 80 2000 80

Sensitive 100 30 1000 30

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

DoE Standards for Sound

Category of areasStandard determined at dBa unit

Day (6AM::9PM) Night (9 PM::6AM)

Silent zone 45 35

Residential area 50 40

Mixed area 60 50

Commercial area 70 60

Industrial area 75 70

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

Air Quality

Monitor actions taken by Contractor to reduce dust and meet DoE

guidelines

Noise Pollution

Monitor actions taken by Contractor to reduce noise and meet DoE

guidelines

Loss of Lands

Monitor proper compensation for land loss, and resettlement.

Navigation and Boat Communication

Monitor compliance by the Contractor in providing adequate

navigational passage during construction and in removing all temporary

constructions.

Travel Safety

Monitor compliance of the Contractor in providing road safety measures

during construction.

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T

Environmental Assessment Guidelines for LGED

Projects, LGED, 2008

Guidelines on environmental issues related to

physical planning, LGED, 1992.

Environmental Impact Assessment, CERM, BUET,

2003.

Hydrological & Morphological Study and EIA of

Proposed Eighteen Road Bridges over different

rivers Under Construction of Large Bridge on

Upazila and Union Road Project, LGED, 2011.

References:

EIA

an

d M

itig

atio

n M

ea

su

res @

Dr.

A.K

.M. S

aifu

l Is

lam

, IW

FM

, B

UE

T Thank you !