Environmental Issues in Environmental Issues in Secondary Lead Smelting Secondary Lead Smelting

Sector Sector

Ruby Sinha & Q.Q.HassanEnvironmental Engineer

West Bengal Pollution Control BoardParibesh Bhawan, Sec.-III, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata- 700098

Website : www.wbpcb.gov.in

Environment Protection Agencies in India

West Bengal Pollution Control Board, a statutory body, was constituted in 1974 as per the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

West Bengal Pollution Control Board, a statutory body, was constituted in 1974 as per the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

Ministry of Environment & Forests, GoI

Department of EnvironmentGoWB

Central Pollution Control Board

West Bengal Pollution Control Board

Environmental Legislations in India

•Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

•Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act,

1977

•Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

(amended in 1987)

•Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (amended in 1991)

•Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 (amended 1992)

Environmental Legislations in India

•Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary

Movement ) Rules, 2008 (amended in 2010)

•Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989

(amended in 2000)

•Biomedical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 (amended

in 2000 )

•Plastic Wastes (Management and Handling) Amendment Rules, 2011

•Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

•Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 (as amended )

•Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000

•Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001

•E-Waste (Management & Handling) Rules,2011

Implementation of Environmental Legislation by WBPCB

• Issuance of Permit

• Surveillance

• Creating Awareness

Categorisation of industries

Depending upon the pollution potential, WBPCB classified the industries into three different categories:

“ RED ” category: i) Special Red &

ii) Ordinary Red

“ ORANGE ” category

“ GREEN ” category

A few activities with no pollution potential are classified

as

“ Exempted “ Category.

Industrial Siting policy in West Bengal

To combat the industrial pollution in West Bengal, Board has formulated Industrial Siting Policy in Dec,1997 which has been amended time to time looking at the trend of environment scenario in the State.

Salient Feature of Industrial Siting policy :

• Industries under “RED” category are not permitted to set up in Municipal Areas falling under KMA. These units cam be permitted in Panchayet areas with adequate pollution abatement systems.

Salient Feature of Industrial Siting policy

• Industries under “ORANGE” category can be permitted in Municipal area except KMC & HMC areas or within industrial estates in case of KMC and HMC area with adequate pollution control measures subject to the condition that the site clearance should be obtained from municipal authorities.

• Industries under Green Category can be permitted in any area in the state subject to site clearance by the local body.

• Exempted category – need not apply for CFE and CFO

Regulatory Compliances to be achieved for Setting up and Operating an Industry

Permits Required:

(i) Environment Clearance from MoEF, GoI and SEIAA,GoWB (as applicable for some specific categories of industries )

•As per the EIA Notification 2006 few projects and activities requires prior EC from the competent authority for new, expansion or modernization projects.

•Those activities are broadly categorised under two categories – Cat. A and Cat. B, based on their potential environmental impacts.Clearance for Cat. A projects is accorded by MoEF, GoI and for Cat. B projects by SEIAA,GoWB.

(iii) Consent to Operate from WBPCB

•for operating any industrial unit (to be renewed periodically)

Regulatory Compliances to be achieved for Setting up and

Operating an Industry

(ii) Consent to Establish from WBPCB

•before establishment of any new industry•before expansion or modification of an existing industry

(iii) Consent to Operate from WBPCB

•for operating any industrial unit (to be renewed periodically)

Regulatory Compliances to be achieved for Setting up and Operating an Industry

Permits Required:

(iv) Authorisation under HWM Rules from WBPCB

(applicable for Hazardous waste generating/storage/ handling/ collection/ transportation units and

common HW treatment, storage & disposal facility)

(v) Registration for Recycling/Reprocessing of Hazardous Wastes (as enlisted under Schedule IV of HWM Rules) from WBPCB

Regulatory Compliances to be achieved for Setting up and Operating an Industry

Permits Required:

(vi) Import Clearance for Hazardous Waste from MoEF, Govt. of India Import Clearance for Schedule III (Part D) Hazardous Wastes from WBPCB Import Clearance for Hazardous Chemicals from WBPCB

(vii) Registration for Battery dealers/Reprocessors from WBPCB (under Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 )

Permits Required for Setting up and Operating a Secondary Lead Smelting

Industry (i) Consent to Establish from WBPCB

• before establishment of any new industry• before expansion or modification of an existing

industry

The Recycling industrial units registered under the HWM Rules are exempted from obtaining EC as per the Amended EIA Notification,2009

(ii) Consent to Operate from WBPCB

• for operating any industrial unit (to be renewed periodically)

(iii) Authorisation under HWM Rules (to be renewed periodically)

(iv) Registration for Recycling/Reprocessing of Hazardous Wastes

Permits Required for Setting up and Operating a Secondary Lead

Smelting Industry

(iii) Authorisation under HWM Rules (to be renewed periodically)

(iv) Registration for Recycling/Reprocessing of Hazardous Wastes

Procedure for obtaining Consent to Establish from WBPCB

Submission of Application in prescribed form alongwith requisite fee.

Application Form and Challan for depositing fee are available in WBPCB’s website www.wbpcb.gov.in

Procedure for obtaining Consent to Establish from WBPCB

Important documents to accompany the Application Form :

(a)Site clearance/ Trade Licence from local body ( Corporation / Municipality / Panchayet)

(b) Land documents like Land deed/porcha/ Rent agreement or lease document ( for rented premises)

(c) Project Report (to include brief process details, environment management plan)

(d) Site Plan, Route Map

(e) Documents in support of Fixed Capital Investment

Procedure for obtaining Consent to Operate from WBPCB

Submission of Application in prescribed form alongwith requisite fee.

Application Form and Challan for depositing fee are available in WBPCB’s website www.wbpcb.gov.in

Important documents to accompany the Application Form :

a)Consent to Establish(NOC) of WBPCB

b)Trade Licence from local body ( Corporation / Municipality / Panchayet)

Procedure for obtaining Consent to Operate from WBPCB

(c) Land documents like Land deed/porcha etc., Rent agreement or lease document ( for rented premises)

(d) Brief process details, details of Pollution Control Devices

(e) Site Plan, Route Map

(f) Documents in support of Fixed Capital Investment

(g) Other statutory licences ( e.g. Factory licence, fire licence etc)

Procedure for obtaining Hazardous Waste Authorisation from WBPCB

Submission of Application in prescribed form alongwith requisite fee.

Application Form and Challan for depositing fee are available in WBPCB’s website www.wbpcb.gov.in

Important documents to accompany the Application Form :

a) Consent to Establish(NOC) and Consent to Operate of WBPCB

b) Photograph of Environmental Information display Board in English and Bengali language

e) Photocopy of Hazardous Waste Stock Register

d) Status of Water Cess Payment

Procedure for obtaining Registration from WBPCB

Submission of Application in prescribed form Form-5

Application Form and Challan for depositing fee are available in WBPCB’s website www.wbpcb.gov.in

Important documents to accompany the Application Form

a) Consent to Establish(NOC) of WBPCB

b) Process Flow Chart along with Material Balance (highlighting waste generation)

Registration issued by SPCB in the form of a Pass-book mentioning HW type and quantity permitted for purchase

CFE/CFO Issuance Authority

OfficeConsent to

Establish

Consent to

Operate

District Industries

Centre

Green (small)

Orange (small)

Green (small)

WBPCB

Green

Orange

Ordinary Red

Special Red

Green

Orange

Ordinary Red

Special Red

Validity Periods of Consent to Establish & Consent to Operate

Item Maximum Validity PeriodConsent to Establish

New Project 5Expansion 5

Consent to OperateIdentified GPIs

a) Fresh 1b) Renewal 2

Special Red Category Units

a) Fresh 2b) Renewal 3

Ordinary Red Category Units 3Orange Category Units 4

Green Category Units 5

Secondary Lead Smelting Units in West Bengal

In West Bengal, the secondary lead smelting units are

mostly unorganized sector. A number of such units are

operating in Kankurgachi and Picnic Garden areas in

Kolkata, Sankrail and Domjur in Howrah. Few smelting

units have also come up in the North 24 Pgs, Hooghly

and Medinipur (E).

Secondary Lead Smelting Process

• Lead Smelting is a thermal metallurgical process in which lead is separated in fused form from the non-metallic materials or or other undesired metals with which it is associated.

• The lead bearing wastes alongwith flux and reducing agents are smelted in furnace, molten metal is tapped and made into ingots.

• The slag is recycled for approx. 2-3 times for extraction of lead. Residual slag is disposed of as hazardous waste.

Pollution generated from Secondary Lead Smelting Units

• Air Pollution

Flue gas containing particulate matter and lead in particulate, fugitive emission

• Water Pollution

Waste water from the scrubber (APC Device), Unused dilute acid in battery

• Hazardous Waste

Lead bearing slag, dust from APC Device, sludge from scrubber etc.

Pollution Control Measures

• Air Pollution Control :

Cyclone Separator/ Gravity Settling Chamber, Bag filter, Scrubber

• Water Pollution Control :

Scrubbing liquid to be reused after settling.

Residual acid from battery to be collected properly

and neutralized before discharge.

Standards to be maintained

Emission Standard :

Parameter Concentration

Particulate Matter 50 mg/Nm3

Lead as Pb in Particulate

10 mg/Nm3

Pollution Control Measures

Hazardous waste :

•On-site storage in earmarked area with shed and impervious lining

•Disposal to common TSDF for Hazardous Waste

Hazardous Waste as defined in the Rules

Any waste which by reason of any of its Any waste which by reason of any of its physicalphysical, , chemicalchemical, , reactivereactive, , toxictoxic, , flammableflammable, , explosiveexplosive or or corrosivecorrosive characteristics causes danger or is likely to characteristics causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment, cause danger to health or environment, whether alone or when in contact with other whether alone or when in contact with other wastes or substances, and shall include wastes or substances, and shall include wastes listed in Schedules I, II & III of the wastes listed in Schedules I, II & III of the RulesRules

Is a waste Hazardous or not ??Is a waste Hazardous or not ??

Waste is hazardous if it is listed in Schedule I

Or, if it falls in Schedule II (analysis required)

• For the purpose of regulation of Import & Export, a waste is considered as hazardous if it is listed in Schedule-III

Solid wastes generated from secondary lead smelting units

Solid wastes

Non-hazardous Hazardous( Not covered under HWM Rules) (covered under HWM

Rules)

Hazardous wastes

Types Sources

Lead slag Process

Sludge (lead containing) Scrubber

Sludge (acidic)From lead acid breaking activity ( after neutralisation)

Lead dust Settling chamber, Cyclone, bag filter

Damaged & discarded bags

Bag filter

Other wastesDamaged refractory lining/bricks. Broken asbestos roof sheet.

Type and Nature of HWs

Recyclable – wastes having potential for recovery of useful /valuable material e.g. Metal bearing dross, ash, used oil etc.

Incinerable – wastes having high calorific value, mainly organic wastes like solvents, tars, off-spec. Organic products etc.

Land Disposable – wastes that can neither be recycled or incinerated

Disposal Methodology of HWsRecyclable Wastes – to be sold to actual recyclers authorised for processing the particular hazardous waste Note : SPCB Registration required for non-ferrous metal wastes, used & waste oil, e-waste, ink waste, paint waste etc. As listed in Sch-IV

Incinerable Wastes – may be incinerated onsite in captive incinerator or in common HW incinerator; Note : CPCB standard and guidelines to be followed for the operation of the incinerator.

Disposable wastes – to be disposed in authorised HW disposal facility; to be stabilised before disposal, if required.

Types of wastes

Wastes Type

Recyclable Lead dust, lead slag ( upto certain extent), damaged bag filter cloth, settling particles from settling chamber etc.

Incinerable None

Disposable Non recyclable Lead slag Damaged Refractory lining, Sludge ( acidic)

Storage of Hazardous Waste Till disposal for recycling/ treatment/ land filling, HWs

are to be stored onsite in bags/ containers/pits in a covered area.

Storage permitted for a period not exceeding 90 days

SPCB may extend the storage period, in case of i. Small generator, generating HW upto 10 TPAii. Recyclers, reprocessors and facility operators upto 6

months of their annual capacityiii. Generators who do not have access to any TSDF in

the concerned Stateiv. Wastes which need to be specifically stored for

development of a process for its recycling, reuse.

Transportation of Hazardous Waste

HWs to be properly packed and labelled for transport to ensure safe handling

HW Containers shall be marked as per Form-12

Information on hazardous nature of wastes and measures to be taken in case of emergency shall be provided to the transporter in Form-11

Transport to be in accordance Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and related guidelines

Manifest System (Form-13) to be maintained

Waste generator

Waste generator

TSDF Operator

TSDF OperatorTransporterTransporter

Manifest in Form 13 for transportation

The occupier shall prepare six copies of the manifest in Form 13 comprising of color code indicated below

(all six copies to be signed by the transporter)

SPCBSPCBWhite

Green

YellowOrange

PinkOrangeBlue Pink

Green

Yellow

Blue PinkGreen

Orange

Blue

Responsibilities of Occupier (HW generator, recycler, TSDF

Operator) To obtain Hazardous Waste (HW) Authorisation

To obtain HW Registration ( Recycler only)

To obtain CPCB permission for utilization of HW ( under rule 11)

To treat/dispose their wastes on their own or through common TSDF facility

To store HWs in an environmentally safe manner till disposal

To maintain record of storage, sale, transfer, recycling and reprocessing of HWs in Form- 3

Contd…

To maintain Manifest System (Form-13) for waste transport and disposal

To submit Annual Returns (Form 4) to SPCB by 30th June of every year for the preceding period April to March (Recyclers to submit Annual Return in Form-6)

To report accidents related to hazardous wastes (Form-14)

Responsibilities of Occupier (HW generator, recycler )

To grant, refuse or cancel HW Authorization

To prepare inventory of the HW generating units and quantum of HW generation

To monitor HW generating units for ensuring safe storage, treatment and disposal of wastes

To analyze the waste characteristics in order to decide its nature

Contd…

Responsibilities of SPCBResponsibilities of SPCB

Hazardous Waste Authorisation

Who needs ?

All units (occupier) generating, handling, collecting, receiving, treating, transporting, packaging, storing, selling, recycling, reprocessing, recovering, reusing and disposing hazardous wastes

Registration of HW recycling units

Who needs Registration ?

All units recycling or reprocessing hazardous wastes specified in Schedule-IV

• application in Form-5 to the SPCB

• needs CFE (in case of fresh application) and

valid CFO and HW authorisation (in case of renewal)

• Registration issued by SPCB in the form of a Pass-book mentioning HW type and quantity permitted for purchase

Sale / Auction of HWs listed in Schedule-IV

Sale only to units having valid Registration

Can be sold to any registered unit in the country

Each sale to be endorsed in original Pass-book of purchaser issued by the SPCB

To check waste type specified in the original Pass-book

To check whether purchaser has capacity to process the quantity available for sale

Import and Export of HW MoEF is the nodal agency

Schedule III to be used for regulating HW export and import.

Export & Import ban on 30 items (Schedule VI)

Import shall be permitted only for recycling or recovery or re-use and not for disposal.

Export may be allowed to an actual user of the waste or operator of a disposal facility with the Prior Informed consent of the importing country

Wastes listed in Part-D of Schedule III can be imported by traders registered with the SPCB on behalf of actual users

Responsibilities of Importer and Exporter

• Submit Form-7 & Form -8 to MoEF with copy to SPCB prior to import or export

• Obtain PIC and submit along with Form- 7 & 8 in case of Import and Export of Wastes listed in Schedule-III Part –A

• Ensure that movement document (Form-9) accompanies the consignment

• Inform SPCB and CPCB in advance regarding date & time of arrival of consignment (Importer)

Illegal Traffic

• Any import or export of hazardous waste without prior permission of the Central Govt. or through submission of false information or not tallying with movement documents (Form-9)

• For illegal import, importer has to re-export the waste at his cost within 90 days of arrival

TThank Youhank You

TThank Youhank You