13TH SESSION OF THE WORKING GROUP ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, 17-19 MAY 2010, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SYSTEM AND TRANSBOUNDARY

CONTEXT OF MONGOLIACONTEXT OF MONGOLIADr. D. DORJSUREN, Secretary General, National

Water Committee Ministry Nature Environment andWater Committee, Ministry Nature, Environment and Tourism (MNET), Mongolia

MONGOLIA IN GLANCEMONGOLIA IN GLANCEArea: 1,565,000 sq. kmP l i 2 700 000Population: 2,700,000 Capital: Ulaanbaatar (population: 1000,000)Religion: Buddhist MuslimReligion: Buddhist, MuslimLife Expectancy: 61 yearsGDP per capita: $1825 (2009)p p $ ( )Location: Landlocked between the Russian Federation and thePeople’s Republic of China.Life style: Nomadic civilization up to now in the classic form butmore than a half of its population live in cities. One third of the totalpopulation is overcrowded in the capital city Ulaanbaatarpopulation is overcrowded in the capital city Ulaanbaatar.

EIA SYSTEM IN MONGOLIA

D i 1993 1994 ADB dDuring 1993-1994, ADB sponsored a Technical Assistance Project- EIA capacity building project and commenced EIA systembuilding project and commenced EIA system in Mongolia.

In 1998 approved first EIA Law by the Parliament Mongolia. On the based this law, conducted more than 10 special guidelinesconducted more than 10 special guidelines relating EIA system by MNE experts.

In 2002, has approved new amendments to the EIA Law and improved legal system of p g yEIA.

EIA S MEIA SYSTEM IN MONGOLIA

EIA STAGES

GENERAL EIA (Screening Process)Mi i t f N t d E i t d L lMinistry of Nature and Environment and LocalGovernment Office must to complete screening p g

DETAILED EIA ( EIA and EIS )A th i d ( li d ) E i t l C lti C iAuthorized (or licensed ) Environmental Consulting Companies

must to complete EIA for the Proposed Projects

GENERAL EIAGENERAL EIA (screening) DECISION TYPE

REJECT PROJECT

APPROVE PROJECT WITHOUT EIA

REQUERE DETAILED EIAREQUERE DETAILED EIA

STEPS FOR EIA

P j t P l S b i i bProject Proposal Submission by Project ProponentS i f MNEScreening of MNE Reject Project, General EIA with some

condition and detailed EIA requiredcondition and detailed EIA requiredDetailed EIA by Consulting company

authorized by MNEauthorized by MNEReview by MNEDecisionDecision Implementing Control by Inspectors

EIA FRAMEWORK

Framework of EIA Completion

Environmental Baseline Information

Project Alternatives

Environmental Impact Predictions

Impact Assessment and Mitigation measuresImpact Assessment and Mitigation measures

Risk Assessment

Environmental Protection (management) Plan

Environmental Monitoring Programg g

Relating Appendixes

P bli i i f l l id t d d i itPublic opinion of local residents and admin. units

Other Relevant Informations

EIA PROCEDURE DEVELOPMENT

Main priorities:Main priorities:

Improvement EIA (amend SEA issues ) law and Improvement EIA (amend SEA issues ) law and Regulations

Improve EIA quality control systemEIA M th d l i t d St d d EIA Methodology improvement and Standard (specially, Transboundary Impacts)

Public participation procedure Public participation procedure

TRANSBOUNDARY EIA ISSUES MONGO IATRANSBOUNDARY EIA ISSUES AND MONGOLIA

TRANSBOUNDARY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

Desertification and land degradationD f t ti l ti t b d fi Deforestation relating transboundary fire

Pollution of Transboundary Rivers Yellow Sand Storms Yellow Sand Storms Cumulative impacts of mining and other industries

locating in the border zonesg Transboundary transport of coal, oil and other mineral

production Migrotary species: Birds, gazelle,wild camel

MINERAL RESOURCE EXPLORATIONGROWTH

LAND DEGRADATION

MINING is one of the rapidly growing and leadingp y g g gindustry branches in Mongolia that cause substantial landand soil destruction.

Land degradation brings substantial impacts onagricultural production, especially crop yield and animalproduction.

DESERTIFICATION

More than 40% of the territory areid d d darid and deserted

70% degraded at certain rate 90 % of the total territory are 90 % of the total territory are

subject to desertification.

DEFORESTATION

The current total forested area inM li i 13 illi h t l tMongolia is 13 million hectares equal to8.1 percent of the total land.

Some 1.0 million ha. of forest havebeen lost between 1974 and 2006 dueto fire (some of them Transboundaryto fire (some of them Transboundarycharacter), overgrazing, miningactivities, improper as well as illegall ilogging.

WATER POLLUTION ANDTRANSBOUNDARY RIVERTRANSBOUNDARY RIVER

Most of Rivers flows to the outside of border to Russia andChina (Selenge river to BaikalL k Kh l Ri t thLake, Kherulen River to theDalai Lake China or they aretransboundary )transboundary )

PLACER MINES IN THE TUUL RIVERBASIN

Main causes of River Pollution

Panning in the Tuul River

Red muddy water released by Ninjas Red muddy water released by Ninjas

YELLOW DUST STORM OF GOBIYELLOW DUST STORM OF GOBI

TRANSBOUNDARY EIA DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHEAST ASIAEAST ASIA

Mongolia, China and Korea involvement ESPOO convention Or develop some North East Asian Convention or

Commission on Transboundary EIACommission on Transboundary EIA Review of Adequacy of Environmental Information of

NEA Countries Develop EIA for Projects Yellow Dust Storm and

Transboundary Water Control System Environmental Quality Standard Selection Environmental Quality Standard Selection Announcement System of Transboundary Impacts to

the Neighboring Country Appointment of Leading organization and location of

Transboundary EIA in NE ASIA

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

Welcome to country of NomadicWelcome to country of Nomadic Legends-Mongolia