ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - World Bank · 2015. 6. 14. · i tin nghia corporation industrial...

i

TIN NGHIA CORPORATION

INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION MANAGEMENT

IN THE DONG NAI, NHUE-DAY RIVER BASINS

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Of Project

"BUILDING CENTRAL WASTEWATER

TREATMENT PLANT WITH CAPACITY OF

3000 M3/DAY AT ONG KEO INDUSTRIAL

ZONE-PHASE 1 (MODULE 1)"

PROJECT’S OWNER CONSULTING AGENCY

DONG NAI, APRIL 2015

wb371432

Typewritten Text

SFG1127

wb371432

Typewritten Text

wb371432

Typewritten Text

wb371432

Typewritten Text

wb371432

Typewritten Text

ii


INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION MANAGEMENT

IN THE DONG NAI, NHUE-DAY RIVER BASIN

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Of Project

"BUILDING CENTRAL WASTEWATER

TREATMENT PLANT WITH CAPACITY OF

3.000 M3/DAY AT ONG KEO INDUSTRIALZONE

PHASE 1 (MODULE 1)"

PROJECT’S OWNER CONSULTING AGENCY

DONG NAI, APRIL 2015

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... i

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ iv

LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... vi

ABBREVIATION ....................................................................................................... vii

SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT ..... viii

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER 1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ................................... 13

1.1. PROJECT OWNER ............................................................................................ 13

1.2. PROJECT LOCATION ...................................................................................... 14

1.2.1. Ong Keo IZ Location................................................................................... 14

1.2.2. Location of Central Wastewater Treatment Plant at Ong Keo IZ ............... 14

1.2.3. CETP service area of Ong Keo IZ ............................................................... 15

1.3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ACTVITIES ........................................ 15

1.3.1. Objectives of construction of wastewater treatment plant at Ong Keo IZ .. 15

1.3.2. Requirement on input and output of waste water treatment plant ............... 16

1.3.3. Drainage and wastewater collection system ................................................ 20

1.3.4. Description of wastewater treatment technologies ...................................... 22

1.3.5. Sludge Treatment Technology .................................................................... 41

1.3.6. Transportation system ................................................................................. 41

1.3.7. System of hazardous wastes management at Ong Keo Industrial Zone ..... 44

1.3.8. Risk management in Ong Keo Industrial Zone ........................................... 45

1.4. TOTAL INVESTMENT BUDGET AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF

COMPONENT NO 2 ................................................................................................ 48

1.4.1. Investment budgets ...................................................................................... 48

1.4.2. The Project Implementation Plan ................................................................ 48

CHAPTER 2 NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC

CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................. 49

2.1. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS ............................................................................... 49

2.1.1. Geographical conditions .............................................................................. 49

2.1.2. Hydrological Conditions ............................................................................. 49

2.1.3. Climate ........................................................................................................ 50

2.1.4. Environmental State .................................................................................... 54

2.2. BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS .......................................................................... 56

2.2.1. Mangroves ................................................................................................... 56

2.2.2. Phytoplankton and zooplankton .................................................................. 57

2.2.3. Benthos ........................................................................................................ 63

2.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ................................................................ 65

2.3.1. The Economic Development ....................................................................... 65

2.3.2. The Social Development ............................................................................. 66

2.3.3. Sensitive areas affected by the Wastewater Treatment Project at Ong Keo

Industrial Zone ....................................................................................................... 68

CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................... 69

3.1. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES ..................................... 69

3.2. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE LOCATION ...................... 69

3.3. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY ............. 70

3.3.1. The processing steps .................................................................................... 71

ii

3.3.2. Flow Diagram of wastewater treatment technology.................................... 71

3.3.3. Description of the technological process ..................................................... 72

3.3.4. Wastewater Treatment effect ....................................................................... 73

3.4. SELECTION OF SLUDGE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY .......................... 77

3.4.1. Option 1: Treatment at Tai Tien Waste Treatment Plant ............................ 77

3.4.2. Option 2: Treatment at Sao Viet Waste Treatment Plant ............................ 79

CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .............................. 82

4.1. IMPACT SOURCES, OBJECTS AND SCALE ................................................ 82

4.1.1. Construction Phase ...................................................................................... 82

4.1.2. Operation Phase ........................................................................................... 86

4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ............................................... 87

4.2.1. Construction Phase ...................................................................................... 87

4.2.2. Operation Phase ......................................................................................... 100

4.2.3. Risk and Accident Impacts ........................................................................ 111

4.2.4. Socio-economic impacts ............................................................................ 113

4.2.5. Cumulative impacts ................................................................................... 114

4.3. COMMENT ON THE RELIABILITY OF THE USED EIA METHODS ...... 117

CHAPTER 5 MITIGATION MEASURES OF THE NEGATIVE

ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT .................................................................................. 119

5.1. LAND CLEARANCE PHASE ........................................................................ 119

5.2. CONSTRUCTION PHASE .............................................................................. 119

5.2.1. Air pollution control .................................................................................. 119

5.2.2. Water pollution control.............................................................................. 121

5.2.3. Soil contamination control ........................................................................ 121

5.2.4. Traffic Control ........................................................................................... 121

5.2.5. Public Health and Socio- economic Development Protection .................. 122

5.2.6. Solid Waste Management .......................................................................... 122

5.2.7. Risk Mitigation .......................................................................................... 123

5.3. OPERATION PHASE ...................................................................................... 124

5.3.1. Air Pollution Control ................................................................................. 124

5.3.2. Water Pollution Control ............................................................................ 126

5.3.3. Soil contamination control ........................................................................ 129

5.3.4. Negative Environmental Impacts on Ecosystems and Socio-economic

Development ........................................................................................................ 130

5.3.5. Risk Impacts Control ................................................................................. 130

5.3.6. Risk Mitigation Measures in Operation Phase .......................................... 131

CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................. 134

6.1. MITIGATION OF NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ................. 134

6.1.1. Mitigation Measures Performance Plan .................................................... 134

6.1.2. Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport

program ................................................................................................................ 148

6.1.3. The community information and community relations ............................. 151

6.2. ORGANIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND

RESPONSIBILITY ................................................................................................. 151

6.2.1. Environment Department of Ong Keo IZ .................................................. 151

6.2.2. CWTP operation Team .............................................................................. 153

6.3. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ........................................ 154

6.3.1. Environmental monitoring in construction phase ..................................... 154

iii

6.3.2. Environmental monitoring in operation phase .......................................... 156

6.3.3. Monitoring and Reporting Arrangements for ESMF ................................ 158

6.4. TRAINING PROGRAM .................................................................................. 159

6.5. COST ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND

MONITORING PROGRAM ................................................................................... 160

CHAPTER 7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................................. 162

7.1. GOALS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ....................................................... 162

7.1.1. Appraisal Agency ...................................................................................... 162

7.1.2. The Project Owner ..................................................................................... 162

7.1.3. Consulting Agency .................................................................................... 162

7.1.4. The People’s Committee and Fatherland Front Union .............................. 162

7.1.5. The Affected Public Communities ............................................................ 162

7.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES ..................................................... 163

7.3. RESULTS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ................................................... 163

7.3.1. Results of Public Consultation .................................................................. 163

7.3.2. Opinions of Local Government ................................................................. 164

7.4. PUBLIC INFORMATION DISCLOSER ........................................................ 166

7.5. COMMITMENT OF THE PROJECT OWNER .............................................. 166

7.5.1. Undertaking Measures for Adverse Impacts Mitigation ........................... 166

7.5.2. Commitment for Implementation of Environmental Protection Measures

and Provisions ..................................................................................................... 167

iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1. The from coordinates location border of project area .................................. 14

Table 1.2. The enterprises having leased land in Ong Keo IZ ...................................... 16

Table 1.3. Pretreatment input and output requirements on the quality of wastewater .. 18

Table 1.4. Coefficient Kf regulated in QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT ................................. 19

Table 1.5. Waste water quality requirements after treatment........................................ 19

Table 1.6. The machinery and equipment of Ong Keo Industrial Zone WWTP .......... 30

Table 1.8. The traffic specification ................................................................................ 43

Table 1.9. Estimated total investment of the project ..................................................... 48

Table 2.1. Discharge average of Long Tau river ........................................................... 50

Table 2.2. Location of sampling air environmental status ............................................ 55

Table 2.3. Results of air quality analysis ....................................................................... 55

Table 2.4. Results of water quality analysis .................................................................. 56

Table 2.5. The location samples water quality .............................................................. 56

Table 2.6. Phytoplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations .......... 57

Table 2.7. Composition and distribution of phytoplankton density in the surface water

sampling locations ......................................................................................................... 59

Table 2.8. Composition and percentage distribution of phytoplankton in the surface

water sampling locations ............................................................................................... 59

Table 2.9. Zooplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations ............. 60

Table 2.10. Composition and distribution of zooplankton density in the surface water

sampling locations ......................................................................................................... 62

Table 2.11. Composition and distribution of zooplankton proportion in the surface

water sampling locations ............................................................................................... 63

Table 2.12. Results of benthos analysis......................................................................... 63

Table 2.13. Results of benthos composition and density analysis ................................ 64

Table 3.1. The location of the discharge of waste water treatment plants Ong Keo IZ 70

Table 3.2. Results of wastewater quality analysis in the wastewater treatment plant of

Nhon Trach 3 IZ (September 2014) .............................................................................. 75

Table 3.3. The % of mixing based on mass is as below ................................................ 78

Table 4.1. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and

construction phases ........................................................................................................ 82

Table 4.2. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and

construction phases ........................................................................................................ 83

Table 4.3. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Construction Phase ............................... 84

Table 4.4. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the operation phase ..... 86

Table 4.5. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the operation phase

....................................................................................................................................... 86

Table 4.6. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Operation Phase.................................... 87

Table 4.7. Air Pollution Loads and Concentration Caused by the Transportation of

Construction Materials .................................................................................................. 89

Table 4.8. Noice levels from machinery and equipment located in 8 m distance from

the construction area ...................................................................................................... 91

Table 4.9. Calculated results of noise level (dBA) during the construction phase ....... 92

Table 4.10. Calculated noise levels from construction activities .................................. 92

Table 4.11. Noise level of the motor vehicles ............................................................... 93

Table 4.12. Vibration level of a typical construction machinery .................................. 93

Table 4.13. The effects of air pollutants ........................................................................ 94

v

Table 4.14. Pollution factors for untreated domestic waste waters ............................... 95

Table 4.15. Estimated pollution loads generated from untreated waste water in the

construction phase ......................................................................................................... 95

Table 4.16. Concentrations of pollutants in waste waters ............................................. 96

Table 4.17. Pollution concentrations of waste waters arising from the process of

cleaning and maintenance of machinery and equipment in the construction phase...... 96

Table 4.18. Estimated concentrations of pollutants in stormwater runoff .................... 97

Table 4.19. Loss of construction materials .................................................................... 99

Table 4.20. Integrated environmental impact assessment in the construction phase .. 100

Table 4.21. Estimated loads and concentrations of exhaust air emission pollutants

generated from the transportation means .................................................................... 101

Table 4.22. Bacterial density in the air at the wastewater treatment plant .................. 102

Table 4.23. Impacts of methane on the environment and human health ..................... 103

Table 4.24. Impact of hydrogen sulfide on the environment and human health ......... 104

Table 4.25. Estimated pollution loads in untreated waste water in the project's

operation phase ............................................................................................................ 106

Table 4.26. Concentrations of pollutants in the waste water treatment plant ............. 106

Table 4.27. Summary of integrated environmental impacts in the operation phase ... 110

Table 4.28. Limit values of water pollutants in Long Tau river ................................. 115

Table 4.29. Maximum pollution load which can be received by water body. ............ 115

Table 4.30. Calculated results of pollutant loads, which are available in the receiving

water body ................................................................................................................... 116

Table 4.31. Calculated results of the pollution load from Ong Keo Industrial Zone

discharging into the Long Tau river ............................................................................ 116

Table 4.32. Carrying capacity of Long Tau river receiving the treated wastewater

discharging from Ong Keo Industrial Zone ................................................................ 117

Table 4.33. Summary of the reliability of the used EIA methods ............................... 117

Table 5.1. The inlet and outlet parameters of the central wastewater treatment plant

according to design ...................................................................................................... 126

Table 5.2. Treatment efficiency of IZ Ong Keo’s central wastewater treatment plant

..................................................................................................................................... 128

Table 6.1. The agencies involved in the environmental management program .......... 134

Table 6.2. Summary of the environmental management program of projects in the

construction phase ....................................................................................................... 138

Table 6.3. Summary of environmental management programs in the project operation

phase WWTP ............................................................................................................... 143

Table 6.4. Summary of counter measures to minimize environmental risks of the

project .......................................................................................................................... 146

Table 6.5. Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport

program in construction phase ..................................................................................... 148

Table 6.6. Program Implementation Plan safety, health, environment and

transportation in the operational phase ........................................................................ 149

Table 6.7. Mitigation, monitoring, responsibility and timeline................................... 158

Table 6.8. Total fund of annual environmental monitoring and management program

..................................................................................................................................... 160

vi

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1. Location map of Ong Keo Industrial Zone ................................................. 14

Figure 1.2. Location map of the wastewater treatment plant at Ong Keo Industrial

Zone ............................................................................................................................... 15

Figure 1.3. Diagram of wastewater collection to the IZ’s CETP .................................. 22

Figure 1.4. Diagram of wastewater treatment technology of Ong Keo Industrial Zone

....................................................................................................................................... 24

Figure 2.1. Monthly wind .............................................................................................. 54

Figure 3.1. The position wastewater receiving point from the wastewater treatment

plant of Ong Keo Industrial Zone .................................................................................. 69

Figure 3.2. Flow diagram of the wastewater treatment technology of Nhon Trach 3 IZ

....................................................................................................................................... 72

Figure 3.3. Exhibit sludge transport route ..................................................................... 78

Figure 3.4. Sludge solidifying process .......................................................................... 79

Figure 3.5. Exhibit sludge haulage route to Sao Viet Waste Treatment Plant at Toc

Tien Site ......................................................................................................................... 80

Figure 3.6. Process sludge treatment technology .......................................................... 81

Figure 4.1. The main wind direction affects CETP ..................................................... 103

Figure 6.1. Environmental Department Hierarchy of Ong Keo IZ ............................. 153

Figure 6.2. Organization Structure of CWTP operation Team ................................... 154

vii

ABBREVIATION

AMSWW : Automatic Monitoring Stations Of Water Quality

BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand

BTNMT : Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand

Co.Ltd. : Limited company

DO : Dissolved Oxygen

DONRE : Department of Natural Resource and Environment

EA : Executing Agency

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP : Environmental Management Plan

ESMF : Environmental and Social Management Framework

EU : Europe

MONRE : Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment

NGO : Non-Government Organization

HW : Hazardous Waste

IZ : Industrial Zone

IZMB : Industrial Zone Management Board

ND : Not Detected

QCVN : National technical regulation

SS : Suspended solid

SPMG : State Programme Management Group

SW : Solid Waste

USA : The United States

WB : World Bank

WWTP : Wastewater Treatment Plant

WWTS : Wastewater Treatment System

viii

SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Project of Investment in construction and business of Ong Keo Industrial Zone

infrastructure in Dong Nai province was approved by the Prime Minister in Decision

No. 284/2006/QD-TTg on 21 December 2006, and the Tin Nghia Corporation was

assigned to the Investment of Ong Keo Industrial Zone by Decision approving the

detailed planning of construction No.2557/QD-UBND dated 10th August, 2007 and

the third adjustment dated 20th January, 2014 by Decision No. 191/QĐ-UBND.

Currently, in order to comply with the law and help protect the environment in and

around the area of Ong Keo Industrial Zone, Tin Nghia Corporation has planned to

invest in the construction of a wastewater treatment plant for Ong Keo Industrial Zone

- phase 1, Module 1, with a capacity of 3,000 m3/day, to meet the need for thorough

handling of wastewater generated from manufacturing activities and business in Ong

Keo Industrial Zone - phase 1, and to meet QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT column B before

discharge into the environment.

I. DESCRIPTION ABOUT WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY,

WASTEWATER INPUT AND OUTPUT STANDARD OF ONG KEO IZ

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT

1.1. Description about wastewater treatment technology

Process of wastewater treatment for Ong Keo Industrial Park includes 4 phases as

indicated in Figure 0.1.

(1). Mechanical treatment (pit pumps, oil separation tank, and an air conditioning)

Wastewaters from the factories in the industrial zone will be collected to the pump pit

of the wastewater treatment plant. Wastewaters are separated by automatic garbage

separation equipment to remove the garbage, twigs etc. with size >10 mm, then

separated by garbage filters to eliminate garbage with size > 5 mm. Then the

wastewater is pumped to the conditioning tank, which is designed with sufficient

retention time of > 8 hours to balance the volume and concentration.

(2). Chemical handling (flocculation tank, flocculation and primary sedimentation

tanks)

In the flocculation tank, flocculants will be mixed with wastewaters. Flocculation help

to destabilize the sediment particles and stimulate them link with other suspended

sediments to form the larger size particles, where the chemical (polymer) stimulates

the larger size particles. Polymer effect forms a "bridge" to link the small size particles

to form the bigger size particles to improve the efficiency of primary sedimentation

tanks.

Preliminary sedimentation tank is specially designed to make the particles to settle

down. According to the design, sludge will be collected to sludge hole and periodically

ix

pumped to sludge tank. Then wastewater will flow into the next tank to perform

biological treatment process (See Figure 0.1).

Alumin

sink

Axit sinks

Input Flow

Pump

Pump

Pump pit

Conditioning tanks

Coagulation –

Flocculation tank

Pump

Pump

Polymer

Sinks

Output flow

Pump

Pumb

Disinfecti

on sink

Polymer sinks

Dry mud

Aerotank

Primary

sedsedimentation

tank sedimentation

tank sedimentation

tank sedimentation

tank sedimentation

tank sedimention

tank LÝ

Secondary

sedimentation tank

Disinfection tank

Alkaline

Sinks

Slugde tank

Slugde presses

Pump

Pump

Pump

Pump

M

Oil separation tank

Ecological pond

Pump

Pump

Balancing tank

Pump

M

Nutrient

Sinks


x

(3). Biological treatment methods (Balancing tank + Aerotank tank secondary

sedimentation and disinfection)

After treating at the oil separation tank and primary sedimentation tanks, wastewater

will be treated by biological methods. Then, the wastewater after primary

sedimentation tanks will flow into the balancing tank and will be led through an

Aerotank tank. The wastewater discharged from aerobic biological tank will flow

through the secondary sedimentation tank to remove and dewater sludge. Then the

wastewater will pass through the disinfection tank to kill bacteria to ensure meeting

the effluent regulation.

(4). Biological pond

The pond is designed to store the treated wastewater and to make landscaping, to

rescue incidents as needed.

1.2. Wastewater inputs and outputs standards

The wastewater from enterprises inside the industrial zone is treated to connection

standards of wastewater treatment station Ong Keo Industrial Zone will be discharged

into collection system common of Ong Keo IZ and flow into wastewater treatment

position of Ong Keo IZ.

Treated wastewater will meet the National Technical Regulation QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT, column B with Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9.

II. THE IMPACTS ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, SOCIO-

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

The main impacts of the project on the natural environment, socio-economic

development and mitigation measures are summarized in the following table:

Activity Impacts Mitigation Measures of Negative Environmental

Impacts

1. Construction Phase

1.1. Transport -

action of

materials,

equipment and

machinery

1.1.1. Dust

- To use tarpaulin for covering the truck, which

transport building materials while moving on

roads;

- - To provide protective equipment for workers.

1.1.2. Air

emissions

(CO, SOx,

NOx,

THC…)

To select the construction material’s sources near the

project area;

To regularly inspect and maintain machinery and

equipment.

1.1.3. Noise,

traffic jams To arrange the reasonable unloading/loading time.

1.2. Gathering,

storage and 1.2.1. Dust

To cover material storage areas, especially areas

containing cement, sand, stone.

xi


Impacts

preservation of

materials

1.3. Domestic

activities of

worker on the

construction

Site

1.3.1.

Domestic

wastewater

- To put the collective trash and classification;

- To contract with functional units for collection and

treating;

- To use the portable toilets in the construction

areas.

1.3.2.

domestic

solid waste

1.4.

Stormwater

runoff

To arrange the temporary drainage during construction phase and to

regularly clean the construction site every working day.

1.5.

Environmental

incidents in the

construction

phase

1.5.1. Work

accidents

- To establish the safety team at construction sites;

- To issue the safety rules for workers;

- To train the safety rules for construction workers.

1.5.2.

Explosion

incident

- To apply the standards of fire safety when

designing temporary works;

- To develop and promulgate the safety rules for fire

prevention, fire fighting installation of signboards;

- To equip with fire fighting facilities;

- To organize the inspection and supervision.

2. Operation Phase

2.1.

Transportation

means

2.1.1. Air

emissions,

dust, noise

- To make the concrete roads and yard ;

- To control the quality of vehicles, to regularly

maintain the transportation means ;

- To control the speed of vehicles ;

- To plant more trees in the project area.

2.2. Operation

of wastewater

treatment plant

2.2.1. Air

emissions

- To deodorize the wastewater treatment plant

- To transport the sludge and materials to the solid

waste disposal area on appropriate time and to use

special vehicles to avoid odors , dust;

- To plant the green trees around the wastewater

treatment plant

2.2.2. Noise,

vibrations

To regularly inspect and maintain machinery,

equipment.

2.2.3.

Industrial

solid wastes

- To collect the solid waste of industrial zones and

hire the functional units to dispose ;

- To collect sludge and store in the planned place

and sign a contract with the functional units for

disposal

2.3. Activities

of officers and

employees

2.3.1.

Domestic

solid waste

- To put the garbage collectors and to classify the

domestic solid waste of IZ;

- To contract with the functional units for disposal.

- To use septic tanks and connect to the wastewater 2.3.2.

xii


Impacts

Domestic

waste water

treatment plant of IZ.

2.4. Cleaning

and

maintenance of

machinery

2.4.1.

Hazardous

waste, grease

rags

To collect the hazardous waste of IZ and to sign

contracts with the functional units for disposal.

2.5.

Stormwater

runoff

To construct the drainage system and to regularly clean the manholes

and culverts.

2.5.

Environmental

incidents

during

operation phase

2.5.1. The

fires,

explosions,

electrical

incidents

- To train workers on fire fighting, explosion and

electrical safety ;

- To establish the fire fighting team.

- To regularly exercise the fire fighting.

2.5.2. Work

accidents and

occupational

health

- To provide the adequate facilities to ensure the

labor safety;

- To train workers on labor safety and labor safety

instructions before getting work;

- To establish the safety rules for each stage of

production;

- To organize periodical medical examination for

employees.

2.5.3. Risk

related to fuel

leakage

- To strictly follow the regulations during transport,

storage and use;

- To fully equip for vehicles the incident’s response

device;

- To train employees how to rescue when the

incident occurred.

2.5.4.

Interuption of

wastewater

treatment

operation

- The Team Leader must assign personnel to

correctly follow the maintenance schedule;

- The operators must prepare instruments for such

repair;

- The Team Leader shall make the list of

organizations to readily maintain or repair the

system.

- Any operator/or anyone in the treatment plant

discovers any problem

- If the Company’s technicians are unable to restore

the incident, the Chief is entitled to instruct and

contact to the repair and warranty organizations. It

is no more than 6 hours since the system is

defected.

xiii

III. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

III.1. The objective of Public Consultation

The investor had to consult the following objects:

- The surrounding local people who are impacted by the Project in construction

and operation process.

- During the EIA of the overall project Ong Keo IZ (including the build the

CETP - Phase 1 Ong Keo IZ with a capacity of 3,000 m3/day item), the project

owner and consulting agency has consulted the People Committee, Fatherland

Front Union and public communities of Phuoc Khanh commune. Therefore,

when the component build the CETP - Phase 1 of Ong Keo IZ with a capacity

of 3,000 m3/day, the investor has not conducted consultations the People

Committee and Fatherland Front Union again

III.2. Results of Public Consultation

Project Owner – Hoa Mac IZMB has done in consultation with 28 surrounding

local people who are impacted by the Project in construction and operation process.

Comments of the surrounding inhabitants are as follows:Most of them agree (26/28)

with the construction of “CETP Project with capacity of 3.000 m3/day at Ong Keo IZ,

phase 1, module 1”. The others (2/28) have no comment.

III.3. Information Disclosure

The “EMP” of the “Construction CETP Project with capacity of 3000 m3/day at Ong

Keo IZ, Phase I, module 1” will be disclosed in the Headquarter of the People’s

Committee of Phuoc Khanh Commune for public awareness, check and inspection

before and during the construction worksmay commence. In addition, the EMP will be

disclosed in English on the website of Vietnam Environment Protection Fund

(VEPF), Infoshop in Washington DC and at Vietnam Development Information Center

(VDIC).

1

INTRODUCTION

1. PROJECT ORIGIN

1.1. General introduction to the sub-project of industrial pollution management

in the Dong Nai, Nhue - Day river basins

In order to effectively implement the control of industrial pollution at the source and to

strengthen the institutional capacity in the implementation of policy measures for

environmental protection, The Government of Vietnam has approved the project

"Industrial Pollution Management in the Dong Nai, Nhue - Day river basins”

(hereinafter referred to as VIPM Project) by World Bank funding.

The project development objective is to improve the performance and compliance with

prescribed industrial wastewater treatment projects in 04 provinces (Ha Nam, Nam

Dinh, Dong Nai and Ba Ria-Vung Tau). This objective will be achieved by

strengthening the institutional environment and enforcing environmental regulations,

surveillance improvement, financial assistance based on preferential loans to increase

wastewater treatment capacity and to enhance compliance with regulations on

environmental protection, to publicize and monitor information and promote

community involvement in Ha Nam and Nam Dinh Provinces located in the Nhue -

Day river basin, and in Dong Nai and Ba Ria - Vung Tau provinces located in the

Dong Nai river basin - the two most polluted river basins in Vietnam.

The criteria for assessing the industrial pollution management include: (a) the

percentage of IPs complying on implementation of wastewater monitoring, (b) the

level of publicization of pollution information; (c) the ratio of the resolved community

complaints, (d) the percentage of fines collected because of non-compliance, and (e)

the ratio of industrial zones complying on wastewater treatment. Accordingly there

will be about 10 industrial zones in four provinces such as Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, Dong

Nai and Ba Ria - Vung Tau to meet the criteria of the project loans for the construction

of the central wastewater treatment plants and expand the existing wastewater

treatment plant to achieve the national environmental standard. Among those, there are

5 IZs in Dong Nai Province to meet the criteria.

The VIPM project will consist of 03 components as follows:

- Component No1: Strengthening institutional capacity and enforcement;

- Component No2: Pilot investment loan to build the central wastewater

treatment plants in the IZs (will be presented in Section 1.5);

- Component No3: Technical support for IZs and support the project

implementation.

With the objective of strengthening the implementation and monitoring of the

environment, component No1 will have sub-component No1b - the construction of

2

automatic monitoring stations of water quality (AMSWW). In this sub-project, there

are 17 AMSWW proposed (Table 1.1). Each monitoring station requires land area of

50 to 100 m2. Most of this area is owned by the state, so, the relocation and

compensation will be minimized. In some cases, if area permits, sub-component of

AMSWW should have a small lab or security house. Two AMSWW types will be

supported: basic type and extended type. The basic AMSWW will monitor 5 water

quality parameters (i.e. pH/Redox, conductivity, temperature and turbidity). The

extended station will include additional parameters COD/nitrate, NH4+ and total

phosphorus. The information related to monitoring stations in Dong Nai province will

be presented in Figure 2.

Figure 0.2. Locations of industrial zones proposed for loans and the water quality

automatic monitoring stations in the Dong Nai River Basin

3

Component 3 will provide a range of technical assistance to support (a) The IZ

management unit implemented environmental management responsibilities in an

effective manner (b) design more suitable for the work of CETPs, (c) accuracy self-

monitoring and timely reporting of activities of the industry. In addition, this

component will support (d) The activities of project management (including

monitoring and evaluation), (e) research related to project implementation, and (f) the

management awareness operation.

1.2. Summary and description of the component No 2 – Central wastewater

treatment plant

Vietnam Environmental Protection Fund (VEPF) is a unit assigned to perform

component No2 - "Pilot investment loan to build the central wastewater treatment

plant in the industrial zones" of VIPM project with a capital budget of 20.473 million

USD.

This component will focus on the infrastructure of industrial pollution management by

providing loans with preferential interest rates for the construction of 10 wastewater

treatment plants.

Currently, the wastewater treatment plants in Dong Nai province proposed for loans

are presented in Table 0.1.

Table 0.1. Central Wastewater Treatment Plants proposed for loans from the VIPM

project

No. Industrial

Zone Investor

Capacity

(m3/day)

The total

investmen

t (billion

VND)

The loans

(billion

VND)

1 Giang Dien 2

The Industrial Zones

Development Company

9,000 71.0 53.525

2 Nhon Trach 6 Tin Nghia Corporation 7,500 58.7 44.209

3 Nhon Trach 3

- module 2

Tin Nghia Corporation 2,000 22.6 16.943

4 An Phuoc Tin Nghia Corporation 2,000 23.88 23.88

5 Ong Keo Tin Nghia Corporation 3,000 29.2 21.9

Source: Environmental Management Framework and Society "project management of

industrial pollution in the Dong Nai river, Nhue - Day river basin"

Note: NA – under approval process

1.2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT ONG KEO INDUSTRIAL ZONE

The Planning for Ong Keo IZ in Phuoc Khanh commune, Nhon Trach district, Dong

Nai province was approved by the Prime Minister in the Decision No. 1107/QĐ-Tg,

and the Tin Nghia Corporation was assigned to the investment in Ong Keo IZ by

4

Decision approving the construction of detailed Planning Ong Keo Industrial Zone No.

2557/QĐ-UBND dated 10th August, 2007 and the adjusted third time by Decision No.

191/QĐ-UBND on 20 January, 2014 about detailed contruction planning. The

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has approved the environmental

impact assessment report of Ong Keo Industrial Zone by Decision No. 1294/QD-

BTNMT 29 August 2007 with the investment industries as follows:

- Shipping newly, ship repair and related services (excluding cleaning services

ship);

- Production and processing lubricants, gas, liquefied petroleum gas, petroleum-

based products;

- Metallurgy, chemical (not including basic chemicals), fertilizer, cement;

- Production electricity, postal and telecommunications, construction,

mechanical;

- The production of paper and products of paper (excluding producing pulp from

bamboo, cork, wood);

- The production of plastic products, plastic polymer, natural rubber, synthetic

rubber (not including processing of latex);

- Production raw - materials in the construction sector, civil and industrial;

handicraft products, ceramics, glass; timber, forest products;

- The type of light industry: Textiles (not including dyeing fabric with capacity of

over 10 million m/year), garments, silk, yarn, shoes, leather (no leather stage

before wet blue) seafood processing, agricultural, industrial forms of production

and consumption of goods exported. Food industry, pharmaceuticals, materials,

aromatherapy, cosmetics, beverage, wine, beer;

- The type of mechanical manufacturing, mechanical machining, mechanical

assembly;

- The service sector: bank; post office; office; hotels; eating; sports;

entertainment; public sanitation services, waste disposal; warehouse for rent;

- And the type of industry few influence other ecological environment is not

prohibited.

According to the Decision No. 35/1999/QD-TTg on 05 March, 1999 issued by he

Prime Minister on approving the orientations for urban drainage development of

Vietnam by the year of 2020, industrial zones, export processing zones have to locally

treat industrial wastewater and apply modern technologies for construction of drainage

and wastewater treatment plants to meet the environmental technical regulations

before discharging into receiving waters. The water demand when the IZ fully

occupied is 3,750 m3/day, wastewater flows down the central wastewater treatment

plant is 3,000 m3/day (approximately 80% of the supplied water volume).

5

Currently, Ong Keo Industrial Zone is compensating and deploying procedures for the

construction of infrastructure that promoting the investment in the industrial zone. Tin

Nghia Corporation has a plan to build a central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in

Ong Keo industrial zone with a capacity of 3,000 m3/day. The capacity is perfectly

suited to meet the wastewater treatment requirement when businesses started to invest

in industrial zone to ensure all wastewater generated in the industrial zone to meet the

environment regulations before discharging into the Long Tau river.

1.3. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES

1.3.1. World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment

The environmental impact assessment study for the wastewater treatment plant’s

project in Ong Keo industrial zone is designed to evaluate its status with respect to all

applicable World Bank safeguard policies and guidelines. The environmental

screening of the subproject has also resulted in categorizing the subproject as a

Category B subproject due to its moderate impacts associated with the construction

and operation of the CETP. In addition, the Bank’s requirements on public

consultation and information disclosure will need to be followed. This subproject

triggers the World Bank policies on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.04) and policy

on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12).

The criteria applied by the EIA include those of the World Bank Group Guidelines on

Environment, Health and Safety (EHS Guidelines): environment, including emissions

and ambient air quality, water quality and waste water environment surrounding noise

management.

Documents related to Component No 2 of the project of industrial pollution

management in the Dong Nai, Nhue Day river basins are as follows:

- Decision No.1932/QD-BTNMT on 12 November 2012 on approving

component No2 - Pilot investment loan to build the central wastewater

treatment plants in industrial zones of the project "Industrial Pollution

Management in the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins";

- Decision No.1953/QDBTNMT on 14 November 2012 on establishment of the

Project Management Board of Component No2 - Pilot investment loan to build

the central wastewater treatment plants in the industrial zones of the project

"Industrial Pollution Management of Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins";

- Decision No.1196/QDBKHDT on 17 September 2012 of the Minister of

Planning and Investment on approving the feasibility study report on the project

“Industrial Pollution Management of the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins”;

- Decision No.1403/QDBKHDT on 25 October 2012 on amending and

supplementing a number of articles of Decision No. 1196/QDBKHDT;

6

- Decision No.1205/QDBKHDT on 19 September 2012 on establishment of the

Project Steering Committee for the project “Industrial Pollution Management in

the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins”

- Official Letter No. 13606/BTCQLN on 5 October 2012 on specific lending

conditions for the WB Project “Industrial Pollution Management”.

- Loan Agreement (VIPM Project) between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

and the International Development Association on 24 September 2012 (No.

5175VN).

- Environment and Social Management Framework, The project “Industrial

Pollution Management in the Dong Nai, Nhue-Day river basins, 2012.

1.3.2. Vietnamese Policy on Environmental Assessment

(1).National Environmental Legislation

- Fire Prevention and Fire Code issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist

Republic of Vietnam on 29 June 2001;

- Construction Law issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of

Vietnam on 26 November 2003;

- Investment Law issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of


- Law on Environmental Protection issued by the National Assembly of Vietnam

on 29 November 2005, revised 2014;

- Law on Chemicals issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of


- Law on Biodiversity issued by National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of


- Urban Planning Act issued by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic

of Vietnam on June 17, 2009;

- Law on Water Resources issued by the National Assembly of Socialist

Republic of Vietnam on June 21, 2012.

- Decree No.59/2007/NDTTg dated 09 April 2007 issued by the Prime Minister

on the solid waste management.

- Decree No.29/2008/NDCP dated 14 March 2008 issued by the Government on

industrial zones, export processing zones and economic zones;

- Decree No.29/2011/NDCP dated 18 April 2011 issued by the Government on

strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment, and

environmental protection commitments;

7

- Decision No.53/2004/QDTTg dated 08 April 2004 issued by the Prime Minister

promulgating the strategic orientation for sustainable development in Vietnam

(Agenda 21);

- Decision No.81/2006/QDTTg dated 14 April 2006 issued by the Prime Minister

on approving the "National Strategy of environmental protection until 2010

with a vision to 2020 (NSEP)";

- Decision No.851/QDBXD dated 28 May 2004 issued by Ministry of

Construction on the approval of the detailed plan of Ong Keo Industrial Zone,

Nhon Trach District, Dong Nai Province;

- Decision No. 27/2004/QDBXD on 09 November 2004 issued by the Ministry of

Construction on approval TCXDVN 320 2004 "Hazardous waste landfill -

Design Standards";

- Decision No.21/2005/QDBXD dated 22 July 2005 issued by Ministry of

Construction on promulgating regulations on the notation system drawings in

the construction plans.

- Circular No.19/2008/TTBXD dated 20 November 2008 issued by the Ministry

of Construction on "guiding the formulation, appraisal, approval and

management of construction plan of the industrial zones and economic zones."

- Circular No.08/2009/TTBTNMT dated 15 July 2009 issued by the Ministry of

Natural Resources and Environment on environmental protection regulations of

economic zones, high-tech parks, the industrial zones and industrial clusters ;

- Circular No.01/2011/TTBXD dated 27 January 2011 issued by the Ministry of

Construction guiding the strategic environmental assessment;

- Circular No.26/2011/TTBTNMT dated 18 July 2011 issued by the Ministry of

Natural Resources and Environment on detailing a number of articles of Decree

No. 29/2011/NDCP of the Government on the strategic environmental

assessment, environmental impact assessment, environmental protection

commitment.

- Circular No.04/2011/TTBTNMT dated 28 December 2011 issued by the

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on amending and

supplementing some articles of - Official Letter No.935/CPCN dated 14 July

2003 issued by the Government on the project of Ong Keo Industrial Zone,

Dong Nai province.

(2).Local Environmental Legislations

- Decision No.243/QD.UBT dated 17 January 1998 issued by the People's

Committee of Dong Nai Province on approval of general plan with scale of

8

1/5000 of Ong Keo Industrial Zone in Phuoc Khanh commune, Nhon Trach

District, Dong Nai province;

- Decision No.2557/QD-UBND on 10 August 2007 issued by the People's

Committee of Dong Nai Province on approval of detailed plan with scale of

1/2000 of Ong Keo Industrial Zone in Phuoc Khanh commune, Nhon Trach

District, Dong Nai province;

- Decision No.1226/QD.CT.UBT dated 20 April 2004 issued by the People's

Committee of Dong Nai Province on approval and recommend locations for Tin

Nghia Company established project planning and infrastructure investment Ong

Keo Industrial Zone in Phuoc Khanh Commune, Nhon Trach District; adjusted

area according documents 7150/CV-UBT 7 December 2004 of the People's

Committee of Dong Nai Province; extended in accordance with Document No.

3443/UBND on 14 May 2007 of the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province;

- Decision No. 1294/QD-BTNMT dated 29 August 2007 issued by the Ministry

of Natural Resources and Environment on approval of the environmental

impact assessment report of Ong Keo Industrial zone.

- Certificate No 1658/SKHCN-QLC dated 15 Octorber 2010 issued by

Department of Science and Technology Department of Dong Nai Province on

evaluation of the waste water treatment technology of Ong Keo Industrial Park

- Certificate of business registration and tax registration of Tin Nghia

Corporation with enterprise code of 3600283394 on 03 November 2004,

registration change time 15 on 28 August 2014).

1.3.3. The environmental standards and regulaions

(1).Water Quality

- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water

quality;

- QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT- National technical regulations on groundwater

quality;

- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic

wastewater quality;

- QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT- National technical regulations on industrial waste

water;

(2). Air Quality

- QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - Air Quality - National technical regulations on

ambient air quality ;

9

- QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - Air quality - Allowable maximum concentration of

toxic substances in the ambient air.

(2).Soil Quality

QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on the permissible limits of

heavy metals in the soil;

(3).Solid Waste Management

- TCVN 6696:2009 - Solid waste – Sanitary Landfill- General requirements for

the protection of the environment;

- QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - The national regulation on classification of

hazardous waste;

- QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on wastewater leakage

from solid waste landfills;

(4).Noise and vibration

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise;

- QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on vibration.

(5).Safety and Occupational Health

Decision No 3733/2002/QD-BYT on 10 October 2002 about applications of 21

standards for safety and health.

1.4. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODS

The methods are applied in the EIA process including:

(1). Statistical Methods:

Collecting and processing data on meteorological, hydrological conditions, socio-

economic development in the project area.

(2).Survey methods, field sampling and laboratory analysis

Field surveys in the project area, including:

- Topographic survey, engineering geology, hydrogeology;

- Hydro-meteorological Survey;

- Survey of production activities of the enterprises in the industrial zone.

10

Collecting documents on technical infrastructure in the project area, including:

- Survey of the current status of water supply network;

- Survey of the current status of power supply network;

- Survey of the current status of drainage network;

- Survey of the current status of waste water drainage network ;

- Survey of the current status of roads network;

- Survey of the environment status;

- Survey of ambient air quality;

- Survey of groundwater quality;

- Survey of the surface water quality;

- Survey of soil quality;

- Survey of biological resources.

(3).Comparison method

Assessing the impact on the basis of comparison of the analyzed results with the

Vietnam environmental standards/ regulations.

(4).Checklist and matrix method

The method used to establish the relationship between the activities of the project and

the environmental impact.

(5).Rapid assessment method

Estimating the pollution load and concentration of pollutants from project’s activities

in construction and operation phases of the WWTP under the WHO’s pollution

factors.

(6).Public consultation method

The method is used in the interview of leaders and local residents in the project area.

1.5. IMPLEMENTATION ORGANIZATION

Tin Nghia Corporation is the agency responsible for implementation of this EIA report

in consultation with the Environmental Technology Centre (ENTEC).

(1).Responsible agency:


- Address: 96 Ha Huy Giap, Quyet Thang Ward, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai

Province.

11

- Tel: 061.3824369 - 3822486 Fax: 061.3823747

- Representative: Quach Van Duc

- Position: General Director

(2).Consulting agency

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CENTRE (ENTEC).

- Address: 463 Phan Van Tri, Ward 5, Go Vap Dist., Ho Chi Minh City.

- Tel: 08. 39850540 Fax: 08. 39850541.

- Representative: Ass. Prof. Phung Chi Sy.

- Position: Acting Director.

Members directly involved in the EIA report preparation include:

Table 2. Members directly involved in the EIA report preparation

No Full name Position/expertise Organization

01

Nguyen Duc Thang Deputy director the

management board of

IZS Tin Nghia

Tin Nghia Corporation

02 Nguyen Do Hoang Thao Staff enviromental Tin Nghia Corporation

03 Phung Chi Sy

Ass.Prof.Dr. of

Environmental Science

and Technology.

ENTEC

04 Vu Thanh Nam

Master of

Environmental

Science.

ENTEC

05 Pham Mai Duy Thong

Master of

Environmental

Science.

ENTEC

06 Vo Nhat Tan Bachelor of


ENTEC

07 Dang Thi Thom Bachelor of


ENTEC

08 Hoang Nhat Truong Bachelor of


ENTEC

09 Le Van Nhat Bachelor of


ENTEC

10 Luu Duc Trung Bachelor of


ENTEC

During the EIA report preparation, the project owner have received the guidance and

assistance of the following agencies:

- Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Dong Nai Province;

12

- People Committee and Fatherland Front Union of Phuoc Khanh commune,

Nhon Trach district, Dong Nai province.

13

CHƯƠNG 1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

1.1. PROJECT OWNER


- Address: 96 Ha Huy Giap, Quyet Thang Dist. Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai

Province.

- Tel: 061.3824369 - 3822486 Fax: 061.3823747

- Representative: Quach Van Duc

- Position: General Director

Tin Nghia Corporation was founded in 1989, after more than 25 years of development

Tin Nghia Corporation is a large corporation in Dong Nai province with 17

subsidiaries (50% contribution), 13 of joint ventures (50% contribution), annual sales

reached 8.000 billion and UNDP have voted as one of 200 largest enterprises in

Vietnam.

Besides, Tin Nghia Corporation is a company with many years experience in the

industrial development, especially in the industrial zones waste water treatment. Up to

now, Tin Nghia Corporation is investing in development of 08 industrial zones with a

total area of 3,518 ha, including Nhon Trach 3, An Phuoc, Tan Phu, Nhon Trach 6,

Tam Phuoc, Bau Xeo, Dat Do and Ong Keo IZs. Currently, these industrial zones are

efficiently operating and exploiting, especially the industrial zone’s wastewater

treatment plants are operating with very good handling performance and always

ensuring the effluent quality standards to meet the regulations before discharging into

the receiving water bodies. In addition, during operation Tin Nghia Corporation

always comply with the laws and regulations and is one of the leading enterprises in

environmental protection and sustainable development. So, Tin Nghia Corporation has

full sufficient experience and capacity to implement the project.

During construction of the central wastewater treatment plant of Ong Keo IZ, Tin

Nghia Corporation has collaborated with SEEN Technologies Corporation, in

consulting, design and construction. SEEN Technologies Corporation had perform

many projects wastewater treatment projects centralized, particularly wastewater

treatment of IZ. SEEN Technologies Corporation have qualified to advise, design and

construction of a waste water treatment station Ong Keo Industrial Zone.

14

1.1. PROJECT LOCATION

1.1.1. Ong Keo IZ Location

Ong Keo IZ has a total area of 855.60 hectares, was planning to build in Phuoc Khanh

commune, Nhon Trach district, Dong Nai province (See Figure 1.1).

Geographic coordinates: the project location from coordinates (589801,1 ; 1148740,1)

to coordinates (595948,7 ; 1152610,7).

Figure 1.1. Location map of Ong Keo Industrial Zone

The boundary of the project is as follows:

- North adjacent to main urban road;

- Northwest adjacent to Cha La Lon canal;

- West and southwest adjacent to Long Tau river;

- East: Next to Ong Keo canal;

- South: Adjacent to Dong Tranh river.

1.1.2. Location of Central Wastewater Treatment Plant at Ong Keo IZ

Geographic coordinates: the project location from coordinates:

Table 1.1. The from coordinates location border of project area

No. Name X Y

1 X1 591351.84 1150475.33

2 X2 591502.11 1150574.86

Ong Keo IZ

15

3 X3 591582.76 1150465.70

4 X4 591436.78 1150360.70

The boundary of the project is as follows:

- North: Adjacent to empty land;

- East: Next to Bang canal;

- West: Next to internal roads of the IZ

- South: Next to internal roads of the IZ.

Figure 1.2. Location map of the wastewater treatment plant at Ong Keo Industrial

Zone

1.1.3. CETP service area of Ong Keo IZ

The IZD plan to construct the CETP with capacity of 6,000 m3/day, classifying into 02

modules with capactiy of 3,000 m3/day for each. The figure shows two service areas:

- CETP module 1 serves for curent area (phase 1 of IZ) with capacy is 3000

m3/day;

- CETP module 2 serves for future area (phase 2 of IZ) with capacy is 3000

m3/day;

1.2. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ACTVITIES

1.2.1. Objectives of construction of wastewater treatment plant at Ong Keo IZ

Objectives of construction of the wastewater treatment plant in Ong Keo Industrial

Zone are as follows:

Location of

WWTP

X1

X2

2 X3

X4

Bang canal

16

- Construction of the wastewater treatment plant to collect and treat all waste

waters arising during the production of the enterprises in the industrial zones, to

ensure the quality of treated waste water to meet the regulation QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT, Column A, and to prevent and minimize the negative

impacts to the surrounding environment;

- Ong Keo IZ wastewater treatment plant meets the discharge capacity of the

enterprises inside the industrial zones;

- Stable operation of the wastewater treatment plant in strict accordance with the

technology sequence to ensure the current environmental regulations, to help

protecting the environment;

- Location of construction of the wastewater treatment plant must conform to the

general plan of IZ and facilitate the connections between the different stages in

the future.

1.2.2. Requirement on input and output of waste water treatment plant

1.2.2.1. List of industrial establishments, wastewater capability at the sources before

connecting to the Central WWTP

Currently, Ong Keo IZ have 10 enterprises in operation, 2 enterprises are building and

3 enterprises have not yet built, 1 enterprise stopped operation. The total area of the

occupied land is 288.4 ha, equivalent to 59 % of the total area of the IZ. In addition,

enterprises operation and constructing, other enterprises, when investing in Ong Keo

IZ must commit in writing form to carry out installation of the preliminary wastewater

treatment facilities to ensure that the outlet wastewater quality meets the connecting

standard wastewater of Ong Keo IZ before connecting to the central wastewater

treatment plant of Ong Keo IZ.

The list of the enterprises, which have signed contracts for land leases in Ong Keo IZ

by 30 October 2014 (14 enterprises with land rent directly from the PPC), is presented

in table 1.2.

Table 1.2. The enterprises having leased land in Ong Keo IZ

N

o.

Name investor lease

land/factory

Leasing Area

(m2) National

The Products field

production

I. The enterprises are operating

1 Lafarge Cement Company

Limited Vietnam 60,000.0 France

Grinding factory

the cement

17

2 Vopak Viet Nam

Company Limited 87,200.0 Holland Processing lubricants

3 Sanrimjohap Vina

Company Limited 59,507.4 Korea

Production wood chips

for

export

4

PetroVietnam Power

NhonTrach Joint Stock

Company

314,155.0 Viet Nam Power plant

investment

Nhon Trach 1 Road No.13 25,506.0

5

Hong Moc manufacture,

trade and service private

enterprise

46,704.0 Viet Nam Investment repository

LPG

6

Manufactures and Repair

floating facilities Joint

Stock Company (PTSC)

200,252.4 Viet Nam

Processing and

repairing ships

manufacture of

mechanical design,

electrical, hydraulic

installations on board

7

Gas shipping South East

company - Phu My gas

pipeline

99,011.3 Viet Nam Investment station

gas distribution

8

PetroVietnam Power

NhonTrach 2 Joint Stock

Company

452,564.8 Viet Nam

Power plant

investment

Nhon Trach 2

9

Roofing sheet Dong Nai

Joint Stock Company and

Building Materials (Cong

Thanh Cement)

153,496.4 Viet Nam Cement Production

10 Bao Tin Production

Company Limited 74,778.1 Viet Nam

Invest in repair,

product Ship

II. The enterprises are building

1 Sun Steel Company

Limited 500,000.0 Taiwan

Steel billet Factory,

galvanized iron sheet

production

2

Vietnam French Joint

Stock Company

production cattle feed

65,425 France –

Viet Nam

Animal food

production

III. The enterprises are not yet building

1 Traffic Engineering 2

company 505,644.0 Viet Nam

Sản xuất động cơ,

lắp ráp ô tô, xe tải, xe

khách

2 Tram Anh Company

Limited 116,546.0 Viet Nam Processing lubricants

18

3 CPC company 93,980 Taiwan Processing lubricants

IV. The enterprises stop operation

1 Fuel Hoang Viet

Company Limited 29,860.0 Viet Nam Preparing lubricants

Total 2,884,630

Source: Ong Keo IZ Management Board-Tin Nghia Corporation, November 2014.

1.2.2.2. Inputs wastewater requirement

The wastewaters from the enterprises in Ong Keo IZ have to meet the input

requirement standard connecting of Ong Keo IZ before discharging into the drainage

system and connecting to the central wastewater treatment plant.

Then Ong Keo IZ will continue treating to meet QCVN40: 2011/BTNMT, column B

before discharging into the receiving environment. The quality of the treated

wastewater have to comply with the regulations, which is presented in table 1.3.

Table 1.3. Pretreatment input and output requirements on the quality of wastewater

No.

Parameter Unit

Wastewater standard of the

central wastewater treatment

plant of Ong Keo IZ

Input

Output

(QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT

columm B with Kf

= 0,9 and Kq = 0,9)

1 Temperature oC < 45 40

2 The color (pH = 7) Pt/Co - 150

3 pH - 5.5-8 5,5 - 9

4 BOD5 (20oC) mg/l ≤ 300 50

5 COD mg/l ≤ 500 150

6 TSS mg/l ≤ 200 100

7 Arsenic mg/l 0,1 0,1

8 Mercury mg/l 0,01 0,01

9 Lead mg/l 0,5 0,5

10 Cadmium mg/l 0,1 0,1

11 Chrome (VI) mg/l 0,1 0,1

12 Chrome (III) mg/l 1 1

13 Copper mg/l 2 2

14 Zinc mg/l 3 3

15 Niken mg/l 0,5 0,5

16 Manganese mg/l 1 1

17 Iron mg/l 5 5

19

18 Cyanide mg/l 0,1 0,1

19 Phenol mg/l 0,5 0,5

20 Mineral oil mg/l 20 10

21 Sulfide mg/l 0,5 0,5

22 Fluoride mg/l 10 10

23 Ammonia(by nitrogen) mg/l 10 10

24 Total Nitrogen mg/l 40 40

25 Total phosphorus mg/l 8 6

26 Chloride mg/l 1000 1000

27 Chlorine residue mg/l 2 2

28 Plant protection chemicals:

organic Phosphorus mg/l 0,1 0,1

29 Plant protection chemicals:

organic chlorine mg/l 1 1

30 PCBs mg/l 0,01 0,01

31 Coliform Bacteria/100ml - 5000

32 Total radioactivity α Bq/l 0,1 0,1

33 Total radioactivity β Bq/l 1,0 1,0

Source: Ong Keo IZ Management Board-Tin Nghia Corporation, November 2014

1.2.2.3. Outlet wastewater standards

The wastewater has to be treated to meet the National Technical Regulation on

industrial wastewater QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B with Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9 .

Kq and Kf factors are selected as follows:

- The receiving water source of the treated wastewater is Long Tau river with Kq

= 0.9;

- Flow coefficient (Kf) is chosen as presented in table 1.3.

Table 1.4. Coefficient Kf regulated in QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT

Waste flow (F)

Unit: cubic meters/day (m3/24h) Coefficient Kf

F ≤ 50 1.2

50 < F ≤ 500 1.1

500 < F ≤ 5.000 1.0

F > 5.000 0.9

For safety of the design work, coefficient Kf = 0.9 is selected. The quality of the

treated wastewater has to comply with the regulations, which is presented in table 1.5.

Table 1.5. Waste water quality requirements after treatment

No. Parameter Unit

Limit value

(QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, Column B)

C Kq Kf Cmax

1 Temperature 0C 40 - - 40

20

No. Parameter Unit

Limit value

(QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, Column B)

C Kq Kf Cmax

2 The color (pH = 7) PT/Co 150 - - 150

3 pH - 5.5 to 9 - - 5.5to 9

4 COD mg/l 50 0.9 0.9 40.5

5 BOD5 (200C) mg/l 150 0.9 0.9 121.5

6 TSS mg/l 100 0.9 0.9 81

7 Arsenic mg/l 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.081

8 Mercury mg/l 0.01 0.9 0.9 0.0081

9 Lead mg/l 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.405

10 Cadmium mg/l 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.081

11 Chrome (VI) mg/l 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.081

12 Chrome (III) mg/l 1 0.9 0.9 0.81

13 Copper mg/l 2 0.9 0.9 1.62

14 Zinc mg/l 3 0.9 0.9 2.43

15 Niken mg/l 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.405

16 Manganese mg/l 1 0.9 0.9 0.81

17 Iron mg/l 5 0.9 0.9 4.05

18 Cyanide mg/l 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.081

19 Phenol mg/l 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.405

20 Mineral oil mg/l 10 0.9 0.9 8.1

21 Sulfide mg/l 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.405

22 Fluoride mg/l 10 0.9 0.9 8.1

23 Ammonia(by nitrogen) mg/l 10 0.9 0.9 8.1

24 Total Nitrogen mg/l 40 0.9 0.9 32.4

25 Total phosphorus mg/l 6 0.9 0.9 4.86

26 Chloride mg/l 1000 0.9 0.9 810

27 Chlorine residue mg/l 2 0.9 0.9 1.62

28

Plant protection

chemicals: organic

Phosphorus

mg/l

0.1 0.9 0.9 0.081

29

Plant protection

chemicals: organic

chlorine

mg/l

1 0.9 0.9 0.81

30 PCBs mg/l 0.01 0.9 0.9 0.0081

31 Coliform MPN/100ml 5000 - - 5000

32 Total radioactivity α Bq/l 0.1 - - 0.1

33 Total radioactivity β Bq/l 1.0 - - 1.0

Source: Ong Keo IZ Management Board-Tin Nghia Corporation, November 2014.

1.2.3. Drainage and wastewater collection system

21

Currently, the project area has no sewerage system and storm drain completed.

Rainwater is drained in the natural terrain down the field and flowing into the canal,

then discharged into 2 rivers including Long Tau river and Dong Tranh River.

1.2.3.1. Plant Rainwater drainage system

Rainwater drainage system will be built along the two sides of the internal roads with

manholes, solid waste screeners, storm water naturally filtered and test wells. The

manholes will be periodically dredged. Contracts will be signed with functional units

to periodically collect, transport and dispose the sludge and sediments. Then, the

treated wastewater flows into Bang canals, Long Tau river and Dong Tranh river.

1.2.3.2. Plant Wastewater drainage System

- Wastewater drainage systems including sewage culverts and technical wells

have the function to collect wastewaters and led to the central wastewater

treatment plant. Culvert system is arranged by terrain slope to the treatment

plant center of Ong Keo IZ. Culverts are designed with diameter of 300 mm -

1000 mm and minimum depth of 0.7 m (from the ground to the top of the

culvert). Technical wells with minimum size of 600 mm are arranged along the

sewer line with the normative distances;

- The Central Wastewater Treatment Plant of Ong Keo IZ:

- The wastewater treatment plant is placed in the technical infrastructure area in

the planned western area;

- Treatment capacity is estimated at 3,000 m3/day;

- Planned area for construction of the central wastewater treatment plant is 2.45

hectar and minimum isolation distance to the residental areas outside the IZ is

30 m;

- The central wastewater treatment plant receives waste waters discharged from

enterprises in the industrial zones, which have to meet the requirement for

connecting of KCN Ong Keo central wastewater treatment plant of Ong Keo IZ

(see table 1.3).

- Wastewater treated at the central wastewater treatment plant have to meet the

regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B (Kf=Kq=0,9) before

discharging into the Long Tau river.

- Methods of collection and treatment of wastewater: wastewaters discharged

from enterprises will be connected to the central wastewater treatment plant of

Ong Keo IZ. The project owner will issue the requirement on the limited

concentrations of pollutants for the enterprises to connect into the central

wastewater treatment plant of Ong Keo IZ. If the concentrations are higher than

the limits, enterprises must apply pre-treatment measures before connecting to

the general collection system of IZ.

22

- Currently, the entire system of wastewater collection have been completely

constructed by Tin Nghia Corporation.

Diagram of wastewater collection to the IZ’s wastewater treatment plant is presented

in figure 1.3.

1.2.4. Description of wastewater treatment technologies

1.2.4.1. Wastewater treatment technology process

Wastewater treatment technology process consists of 4 stages, as follows:

(1). Mechanical treatment (pit pumps, oil separation tank, and air conditioning)

Wastewater from these factories in the industrial zone will be collected into the pump

pit of the treatment plant. Before flowing to the pump pit, the garbage, twigs etc, with

size of > 10mm is separated by automatic garbage separation equipment from waste

water. Then the wastewater is pumped into the oil separation tank. Before flowing the

oil separation tank, the fine garbage with size of > 5 mm is separated by garbage filters

The oil separation tank have following advantages:

- To prevent the abrasion of pumping motors in the successive treatment works;

- To prevent the strange substance in biological treatment tank which can cause

agglomeration into the solids floating in biological tank, which leads to less

efficient treatment system.

Wastewater after sludge separation flows into the oil separation tank in order to

remove floating oil and suspended solid particles with less density than wastewater.

The components will be collected by the automatical oil collection device, which is

capable to adjust to ensure the high level of oil removal efficiency. The collected oil

will be stored in the oil tank to handover for the functional units. Also the oil

remaining after passing through the oil separation tank will be further removed in

primary sedimentation tanks behind. Then wastewater will flow into the conditioning

tank.

Balancing tank is designed with sufficient retention time to ensure the flow and

pollution concentration equalizing, therefore, fluctuations in the composition of

wastewater before going into the process units behind should be significantly reduced.

During the peak hours, excess flow will be kept in the balancing tank. In addition, the

balancing tank also has some advantages such as figure 1.4.

- To ensure the continuity of the system;

Wastewater

from

enterprisement

Central

wastewater

treatment plant

of Ong Keo IZ

Source

reception

Handling

local

Figure 1.3. Diagram of wastewater collection to the IZ’s CETP

23

- To control the high toxic substances;

- To relatively deodorize.

This tank may also use as storage one when the system stops for repair or

maintenance. In balancing tank, the air distribution pipe system is arranged to well

regulate the wastewater load and to avoid the sedimentation process in the tank. The

wastewater is then pumped to the physico-chemical treatment system.

24


Alumin

sink

Axit sinks

Input Flow

Pum

p

Pump

Pump pit

Conditioning tank

Coagulation –

Flocculation tank

Pump

Pump

Alkaline

Sinks

Polymer

Sinks

Output flow

Pump

Pumb

JAVEL

sinks

Polymer sinks

Dry mud

Aerotank

Primary

sedimention tank

LÝ

Secondary

sedimentation tank

Disinfection tank Slugde tank

Slugde presses

Pump

Pump

Pump

Pump

M

Oil separation tank

Ecological pond

Pump

Pump

Balancing tank

25

(2). Physicochemical treatment (Coagulated tank, flocculation and primary

sedimentation tanks)

During this treatment period, waste water from balancing tank is pumped through the

system without dosing of chemicals. In the emergency cases the chemical dosing and

mixing stirs will be operated. The substances, which can be removed from the

wastewaters due to physico-chemical treatment are as follows: COD, SS, heavy metal

compounds and colloids in wastewater. Since COD and suspended solids

concentrations are decreased, the concentration of BOD are also decreased in the

treatment process.

At the coagulation tank, coagulants are added to mix with wastewater. Coagulation

help to destabilize the sediment particles (glue) and stimulate them to stick with the

other suspended sediment to form larger scale particles (polymer). At coagulation

tank, chemicals stimulate the flocculation process to form the larger scale particles,

which are mixed with wastewater. Polymer have the effect forming a "bridge" to link

the small size particles to form the bigger size particles to improve the efficiency of

primary sedimentation tanks behind.

Preliminary sedimentation tanks is specially designed, which create the static media

for settlement of the solid particles. The design of the scraping sludge system helps

automatically collect sludge into sludge containing pit and excess sludge is pumped

periodically to the sludge storage tank.

The wastewater is flowing into next tanks to perform further biological treatment

process.

(3). Treated with biological methods (balancing tank + inflatable tank +

secondary sedimentation and disinfection tank)

After pre-treatment process in oil separation tank and primary sedimentation tank,

wastewater will be treated by biological methods. Wastewater from primary

sedimentation tank will flow into the balancing tank. In normal conditions, this tank

can adjust pH value of wastewater.

In aerobic biological tank, aerobic bacteria (activated sludge) decompose organic

matter (mainly, dissolved organic matter). Oxygen tank is provided in order to

facilitate the process of decomposition of organic matter through the surface aerator,

which is properly installed on the tank. After the biological treatment process, the

majority of organic matter in the wastewater is removed. Wastewater leaving aerobic

biological tank will led through the secondary sedimentation tank to conduct sludge

dewatering process.

Mixture of sludge and wastewater leaving the aerobic biological tank are overflowed

into a rectangular tank to conduct sludge dewatering process. Biological sludge will

settle at the bottom of the secondary sedimentation tank, then collected in sludge

storage tank with brushed device. A defined amount of biological sludge (activated

26

sludge) is recycled to let amount of sludge in aerotank. Periodically, excess sludge in

pit is pumped to the sludge compression tank to conduct dewatering process.

Wastewater after sludge separation in the sedimentation tank is led through the

disinfection tank.

At disinfection tank, wastewater will be mixed with a disinfectant offered by

automatical disinfectant injection system to destroy the bacteria to meet the discharge

standards regulations.

(4). Ecological pond

The pond pays roles of treated wastewater storage as well as landscaping, pool rescue

incidents as needed

1.2.4.2. The main items of the central WWTP

Currently, WWTP of Ong Keo Industrial Zone was built and installed partially

technological pipes, the equipment of the station was sealed and storage, when have

wastewater collection pipelines, we will install and operating system testing before the

system official operation. The works and the equipment of WWTP including:

(1). The construction items

(a). Pump pit (T101)

- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 6.0x3.7x1.1x5;

- Quantity: 01;

- Total area: 22.2 m2;

- Nails, walls, floors made of reinforced concrete. Inside coated by epoxy anti-

corrosion paint.

(b). Oil separated tank (T102)


- Quantity: 01;



corrosion paint. .

(c). Regulate tank (T103)


- Quantity: 01;



corrosion paint.

(d). Coagulated Tank (T201)

27

- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 2.0x2.0x4.5x5.0;

- Quantity: 01;



corrosion paint.

(e). Flocculation Tank (T202)


- Quantity: 01;



corrosion paint.

(f). Primary sedimentation Tank (T203)

- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 9.0x9.0x4.5x5.0

- Quantity: 01

- Total area : 81.0 m2


corrosion paint.

(g). Neutralization tank (T204)


- Quantity: 01;



corrosion paint.

(h). Aeroten Tank (T301A/B)

- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 16x14.55x4.5x5;

- Quantity: 02;

- Total are : 232.8 m2;


corrosion paint.

(i). Secondary sedimentation tank (T302)

- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 15.5x15.5x4.5x5.0

- Quantity: 01

- Total area: 240.25 m2


corrosion paint.

(j). Disinfect tank (T401)

28

- Dimensions (DxRxSxC): 9.0x3.5x1.7x2.0;

- Quantity: 01;



corrosion paint.

(k). Sludge tank (T501AB)

- Dimensions physicochemical sludge tank(DxRxSxC): 5.75x5x4.8x5

- Dimensions biological sludge tank: 3x5x4.8x5

- Quantity: 02;



corrosion paint.

(l). (xii).Biological lakes (H1)

- Dimensions (DxRxC): 85.00x24.00x1.50;

- Quantity: 01;

- -Total area: 2040.00 m2;

- Building rubble crater, the bottom, the panels cover 1,500 mm thick HDPE.

(m). The operator (N01)

- Dimensions (DxRxC): 10x15x5.5;

- Quantity: 01;

- Total area: 150 m2;

- Concrete nails. Brick wall. Trusses, purling steel. Tin roof.

(n). Guardhouse (N05)

- - Dimensions (DxRxC): 3x3x5.1;

- Quantity: 01;

- Total area: 9 m2;

- Concrete nails. Brick wall. Trusses, purlins steel. Tin roof.

(o). Garage (N06

- Dimensions (DxRxC): 7x3x3.83;

- Quantity: 01;

- Total area: 21 m2;


(p). Chemicals house & sludge dewatering (N08, N09)

- Dimensions (DxRxC): 11.5x7.2x4.2;

- Quantity: 01;



29

(q). Air blowers house (N03)

Dimensions (DxRxC): 6.2x5.1x4.2;

- Quantity: 01;



(r). Operation Sidewalks and Internal roads:

- Designed in accordance with overall ground and facilitate the operation and use

of the wastewater treatment plant Ong Keo Industrial Zone modul 1;

- Soil compaction, concrete.

(s). Fence:

- Volume: 302 m;

- Pile reinforced concrete, brick wall paint, bars at.

(2). Equipment and machinery

The machinery and equipment of Ong Keo Industrial Zone WWTP is presented as

follows:

30

Table 1.6. The machinery and equipment of Ong Keo Industrial Zone WWTP

No. Machinery and

equipment Technical characteristics

Manufacturer/quality

assurance Producing country

Unit

Quantity

I LIST OF EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY

1.

Sewage pump in

the collection tank

Submersible pump

+ Discharge: 125 m3/h.

+ Pressure head: 9-10m. Motor:

9kw/380V/3phase/50Hz.

+ The humidity sensor DI

+ Temperature sensors TCS

+ Protection function congestion.

+ Autocoupling

+ Batten, chain to move pump SUS304.

Material:

- pump barrel: gray iron

-pump shaft: gray iron

-pump impeller: gray iron

Protection Level: IP 68

ABS – Swedish Ailen

Piece

3

2. Sewage pump in

equalization tank

Submersible pump

+ Flow: 125 m3/h.

+ Pressure head: 5,5 - 6m.

+ Motor: 6kw/380V/3phase/50Hz.



ABS – Swedish Ailen

Piece 2

31


+ Autocoupling


Material:


pump shaft: gray iron

pump impeller: gray iron


3.

Sludge pump in

primary settling

tanks

Submersible pump

+ Flow: 15m3/h.


+ Motor: 1,95kW/380V/3phase/50Hz.




Material:

- pump barrel: FC 200

- pump shaft: SUS 420J2

- pump impeller: FC 200


ABS – Swedish Ailen Piece 2

4. Sludge pump

recirculation

Submersible pump

+ Flow: 65m3/h.


+ Motor: 4kw/380V/3phase/50Hz.




+ Autocoupling.



32

Material:


pump shaft: gray iron

pump impeller: gray iron


5. Sludge pump

Submersible pump

+ Flow: 30 m3/h.

+ Pressure head: 6m.

+ Motor: 2.2kw/380V/3phase/50Hz.




Material:

-pump barrel: FC 200

-pump shaft: SUS 420J2

-pump impeller: FC 200



6. Sludge pump in

sludge dewatering

Screw pump

+ Discharge: 6m3/h.

+ Pressure head: 2.2 – 3.7kw

+ Power: 380V/3phase/50hz

- Overload protection devices running

dry TSE.

- Button adjust speed motor rotation

-Interlock operation with sludge

dewatering, anti-congestion.

Seepex – Germany Germany Piece 1

7. Sludge

dewatering

Type: Filter Presses

Widely applied in the field of waste

water, designed with high pressure - 15

Netzsch Germany` batch 1

33

bar, ensuring optimal levels of solids in

sludge cake.

Structure:

- Frame: steel

- filter board: cast iron or inox or

equivalent

- Boling fabric: can be made from the

following materials: polyamide,

polypropylene, polyeste.

Flow: 6m3/h

Maximum working pressure: 15bar

8. Blowers

equalization tank

Type: Three - lobe rotors

Flow: 9.57m3/ min.

Pressure head: 500mbar

Pk: 11.1Kw.

Pmot: 15kw

Power:

380V/3phase/50Hz

Dust filters at the input, easily

removable.

Aerzen - Germany Germany appar

atus 2

9. Blowers Aeroten

tank

Type: Three - lobe rotors

Flow: 22.55m3/min.

Pressure head: 500mbar

Pk : 24.6Kw.

Pmot: 30kw

Power:

380V/3phase/50Hz


removable.

Aerzen - Germany Germany appar

atus 3

34

10.

Gas Distribution

System of

equalization tank

Material: Inox SUS304, gas distribution

the form of discs, air bubble kind crude.


removable.

EDI - Hoa Kỳ USA HT 1

11.

Gas Distribution

System of

Aeroten tank

Material: PVC và Inox, gas distribution

the form of discs, air bubble kind fine.

Corrosion resistant EPDM membrane,

oxygen absorption high performance.

Easy disassembly, cleaning.

Evenly distributed.

EDI - USA USA HT 2

12. Flocculation tank

mixers

Motor, vertical axis →

Capacity: 1.1 kw

Speed: 60 – 80 revolution /min.

Power:

380V/3pha/50Hz.

Stirring wing and axis: SUS304 →

Easy to install, easy to maintain

Nord - Germany

SEEN – Viet Nam

Germany /Viet

Nam batch 1

13. Flocculation tank

mixers

Motor, vertical axis →

Capacity: 1.1Kw


Power:

380V/3phase/50Hz.

Blade, axis stirring: SUS304 →


Nord - Germany

SEEN – Viet Nam

Germany /Viet

Nam batch 2

14.

Agitators

chemical:

nutrition, alkaline,

caustic soda,

polymer

Motor →

Capacity: 0.75Kw


Power:

380V/3pha/50Hz.

Nord - Germany

SEEN – Viet Nam

Germany /Viet

Nam batch 6

35

flocculation +

sludge dewaterin,

disinfectants

Blade, axis stirring : SUS304 →


15. Dosing pump axit

H2SO4

Diaphragm pump, chemical resistance

Flow: 0- 75 l/h

Pressure head: 5 - 6 bar

Capacity: 0.37Kw.

Power:

380V/3phase/50Hz

Adjust the volume automatically or

manually.

Doseuro - Italy Italy Piece 2

16. Dosing pump

soda


Flow: 0- 155 l/h


Capacity: 0.37Kw.

Power: 380V/3phase/50Hz


manually


17. Dosing pump

nourishing


Flow: 0- 75 l/h


Capacity: 0.37Kw..



manually


18. Dosing pump

alum


Flow: 0 - 320 l/h

Pressure head: 5 – 7bar

Capacity: 0.37Kw.


36



manually

19.

Dosing pump

polyme

flocculation of

wastewater


Flow: 0- 197 l/h

Pressure head: 3bar

Capacity: 0.37Kw.



manually


20. Dosing pump

antirust substance


Flow: 0- 23 l/h


Capacity: 0.37Kw.



manually.


21. Dosing pump

polyme

Piston diaphragm pumps, chemical

resistance

Flow: 400 – 600 l/h

Pressure head: 5bar

Capacity: 0.37Kw.



manually


22. Garbage splitting

machines fine

Rotary drum, fine sieve

Capacity max: 0 - 160 m3/h

Materials SUS304

Split is the largest object size 2mm

Cosme - Italy Italy Piece 1

37

23.

Equipment

brushed sludge in

Primary

clarifiers tank

Motor→

Công suất : 0.25Kw

Capacity: 0.02 – 0.08 revolution /min.

Power: 380V/3phase/50Hz.

Equipment protection of engine power

vane,axis: SUS304 →

Nord - Germany

SEEN – Viet Nam

Germany/Việt

Nam batch 1

24.

Equipment

brushed sludge in

Secondary

clarifiers tank

Motor→

Capacity: 0.37Kw

The speed of rotation system: 0.01 –

0.1 revolution /min.

Power: 380V/3phase/50Hz.

Equipment protection of engine power

baluster post, bearing bar…

galvannealed sheet.

Nord - Germany

SEEN – Viet Nam

Germany/Viet

Nam batch 1

II LIST OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - THE AUTOMATIC CONTROL

25.

PLC control

system (including

PC + 01 backup

computer)

Already tropical conditions

conformable with Vietnam, scalability,

good display function and prevention of

incidents, high-speed processing,

human-machine interface, diagnostics

and protection systems.

Designed in accordance with IEC6113-

3.

Standard Ethernet communication

network.

Control, monitoring devices in the

system and data management computer.

Allow observe and operate through

Touch Screen.

Siemens – Germany Germany batch 1

38

26. Software control

SCADA

Leave a software-based root of

SIEMENS. There scalability and

connectivity with other systems


27.

Flow

measurement

devices

automatically

Professionals for industry. Flow

measurement by magnetic methods.

Show in place and provide control

signals pump.

Measurement range 0-160 m3/h,

Installed directly on exhaust pipes.

Already tropicalize communication

standards Foundation Fieldbus.

Ability to self-diagnose the problem.

Output 4-20mA


28.

PH measuring

equipment used in

industrial: sensor

and transmiter

Self-laundering probe, for use in

industrial, chemical has tropical.

Measurement range: 0 - 14pH

Temperature Range: -30 to 70oC

Accuracy: 0.01 pH

Communication standards Foundation

Fieldbus.

Endress Hauser –

Germany Germany batch 1

29.

DO measurement

equipment used in

industry : sensor

and transmiter

Professionals for industry.

Temperature Range 0-16mg/l.

Output: 4-20mA

Endress Hauser –

Germany Germany batch 2

30.

Measuring

equipment for

waste water tank

pump set.

Measure the differential pressure

method.

Measured levels, high precision,

tropical; Measurement range: 0.15-

7.5m;

Germany Germany Piece 2

39

Accuracy: 0.25%.

signal 4-20mA

31. Dosing pump

inverter

Full range - providing synchronous

power of Dosing pump. Siemens - Germany Germany Piece 2

32. Inverter Pump Full range - provides synchronization

of pump power conditioning Germany Germany Piece 2

III LAB EQUIPMENT LIST

33. DO meter

handheld

High Accuracy: 0.3mg/l, Measurement

range: 0-20mg/l DO, the smallest share:

0.01mg/l, tropical, easy to use,

supplied with reserve membrane,

carrying suitcases

Aqualytic – Germany Germany Piece 1

34. Portable pH meter

High Accuracy: 0,01pH; measurement

range: 0- 14 pH; temperature: 5-100oC;

can save data, liquid crystal displays,

display easy to read, easy to use,

supplied with the standard solution,

suitcase containing.

Aqualytic – Germany Germany Piece 1

35. Electronic

analytical balance

Weigh accurately 0.001g

Maximum weight: 150g Denver – Germany Germany Piece 1

36.

Colorimeter

analysis COD,

nitrogen,

phosphorus,

chromium ...

Full range Aqualytic – Germany Germany TB 1

37. COD reactor full line Aqualytic – Germany Germany TB 1

38.

BOD analyzers:

Incubator, BOD

measurement

Show results directly. Simultaneous

measurement of 6 samples Aqualytic – Germany Germany TB 1

40

equipment

39. compartment drier Oven to 150oC Memmert - Germany Germany Piece 1

40.

Glassware, and

dedicated enough

instruments for

laboratories

All the glassware enough to analyze the

indicators: COD, BOD, SS, MLSS,

SVI, N, P, K

imported imported batch 1

41.

Laboratory

chemicals

sufficient for 3

months of

operation of the

treatment system

Analysis of indicators COD, BOD, N,

SS (3 times per week analysis: COD,

BOD, N, SS)

Aqualytic - Germany

(synchronized with

laboratory equipment)

Germany batch 1

42. Vacuum filter Pump KNS : Germany

filter funnel: Sartorius - Germany

KNS –

Germany/Sartorius -

Germany

Germany batch 1

41

1.2.5. Sludge Treatment Technology

Excess sludge from the primary and secondary clarifiers will be pumped to the

compressed mud tank periodically, where sewage sludge is concentrated by gravity

sedimentation method, then collected to the tank bottom by the sediment brusher

system. Depending on the concentration of biomass in the sludge tank that total

dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from 2-3% before being pumped into the sludge

dewatering process for separating water from the mud. Sludge after dewatering in the

form of cake will be packaged and stored in a dry mud warehouse before bringing to

sanitary landfills. Wastewater from sludge tank and excess sludge dewatering will be

circulated to the pump pit for reprocessing.

The project owner will sign contracts with Tai Tien Co., Ltd, Sao Viet Joint Stock

Environment Company. Dong Nai Urban Environment Service One Member

Company, Tan Thien Nhien Co, Ltd, Sonadezi Joint Stock Enironment Treatment

Company etc. for collecting and handling whole sludge in accordance with the

provisions of the current law.

Hazardous waste treatment technologies of the mentioned above companies has been

licensed by the Vietnam Environment Administration within Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment.

1.2.6. Transportation system

1.2.6.1. The current transportation system

Currently, the transport system in the industrial park mainly Ong Keo dike roads

which are used to travel and transport in the industrial zone. When the infrastructure of

Ong Keo Industrial Zone is deployed, this dike will be replaced. In addition, the

current Ong Keo IZ has earth roads, access roads to traffic and road links in the area.

The road links are relatively complete, specifically, as presented below:

(1). External traffic

a). Roads

In the distance from IPZ to the North about 3.5 km have No.19 District road, width of

road is 7m and concrete asphalt structure. No. 19 road is Route 19 is civil road from

longstanding, suround Nhon Trach city and connects with surrounding other area.

Ong Keo dike road around the West, South and East of the IZ, the length of Ong Keo

dyke road is 8.5 kilometer, average elevation 1.5 meter over the sea level, The width

of road is 6 meter.

(a). Waterways

42

In the direction of Southwest of Nhon Trach city and Ong Keo IZ have Long Tau

river and Dong Tranh river. This is an important waterway in the Southern key

economic zone. Currently, cargo ship and passengers ship away from the Ho Chi Minh

city to Vung Tau city are going through here, in that have passenger hydrofoil routes

with high speed. Section the river through Industrial Zone have width of about 600 m,

deep is 9-12 m, routes are designed for vessels up to 30,000 DWT. The currently, on

riverside of Long Tau river and Dong Tranh river constructed many specialized jetty.

(2). Internal Communications

In the area there are only a few earth and gravel roads of about 3m wide being used for

the traffic in residential areas.

1.2.6.2. Planning of transportation infrastructure

(1). External traffic

a). Roads

Ong Keo Industrial Zone is located on the Southern "road Ong Keo Industrial Zone"

and gets this route as the external route of the Industrial Zone. According to the

general planning of Nhon Trach New City, this road connects Ong Keo Industrial

Zone inter-regional highway south, with road limit 61m. The scale following section

(section AA): Pavement separation 15m solution x2 between 3 m, 14 m x2 sidewalk.

Along this route layout 2 green strips reserve for expanding later. Industrial Zone's car

park is located next to the service area, an area of 1.5 ha.

(a). Waterways

Long Tau River runs along the southern boundary is important waterways of Industrial

Zone. Cargo jetty is arranged at the end of No. 9 road with a length of about 300 m,

the scale of 1.8 ha for loading and unloading goods for the entire Industrial Zone.

(2). Transportation infrastructure system Ong Keo Industrial Zone

Based on the shape of the land line, electricity line, the project has provided land and

outbound traffic. The road system in the industrial park is designed as follows:

1) The two main roads connect the Industrial Zone from the North route for foreign

Industrial Zone, acting as the two main roads of East and West of the Industrial Zone.

West route connects to foreign route to harbor, to the east line and runs eastward

drainage business. These road cross-section 1-1: The vehicle is 12m wide double line

on each side, 3m wide strip separating the sidewalk and the industrial engineering strip

10 meters wide, the trees along the canal 3m wide, sidewalks to walk on the technical

side of Industrial Zone strip 3m wide, 40m wide.

43

2) The main roads East – West of IZ along the Dong Tranh River and Long Tau river

connecting the East with the Western region, cross-2-2: Pavement 8x2m, 2m wide

strip separating strip technique 2 x 2 sides 10m, 38 m road limit.

3) The other main route of IZ, have sections 3-3: road surface width of 15m,

engineering range 10 meters wide on each side, walk on pavement engineering 3m

wide strip on each side, 35m wide.

4) The internal roads in clusters of enterprises, road about 24m, sections 4-4, 8m wide

road surface, technical range 2 each side 8m, pavement walking on 3 m wide range

technique each side.

5) The parallel route along the city's Northern IZ (line 1) along the Ong Keo canal,

Muoi canal, Bang canal, rub the incision is large. On this route have a side of land to

build IZ, one side is green strips, road about 19m (sections 5-5), the vehicle 8m strip

8m IZ technical side, inside the range of trees 3m wide, walks on the technical side

range 3m wide.

The traffic specification is shown in Table 1.7.

Diagram traffic planning Ong Keo IZ is presented in Figure II.4 Annex II.

Table 1.7. The traffic specification

No. Specification Unit Planing

1 The total length of roads m 31,368

2 The total land area traffic m2 1,118,439

3 Bordering thereof radii m

Intersection of the main road 15-20

Intersections on local roads 8-10

4 Design speed of the road in the industrial park km/h

The main roads 60

The internal roads 40

5 The vision street corner m

The main roads 56

The internal roads 36

6 Sizes flap angle at the intersection m

Intersection of the main road 8-12

Intersections on local roads 8

7 Axle loads design ton 30

8 Pavement structure Asphalt concrete

Source: Tin Nghia Project Management Company Limited, 06/2007.

44

1.2.7. System of hazardous wastes management at Ong Keo Industrial Zone

The current, manufacture of Ong Keo IZ not yet contruction. However, in the planning

of industrial zone will havearea of solid waste transfer with area of 1,5 ha. For the

enterprises operating in the Industrial Zone (enterprises directly lease by PPC ),

directly contracted with functional units to collect solid waste treatment prescribed. In

the future, management system for hazardous waste Ong Keo Industrial Zone will be

investment and constructed completely. Specifically, this present as follows:

1.2.7.1. Municipal solid waste

- None - hazardous solid waste will be collected and sorted at source by the

sanitary devices as required.

- The project owner will arrange composite containers with a lid in the area of

waste generation (the operating, service areas, transportation routes etc.) and

specialized hygiene team will collect the waste to a transfer station of the

Industrial Zone before contracting the function units to handle and process

periodically. The transfer station has an area of 350m2, which is covered and

concreted. The transfer station is located in the west area next to the wastewater

treatment plant of the IZ to temporarily store the entire municipal waste

generated.

1.2.7.2. Hazardous and non-hazardous industrial solid waste

- Hazardous and non-hazardous industrial solid waste: The project owner

currently is invested to build the warehouse next to the municipal waste transfer

station with an area of 200m2, which is covered and concreted. Particularly,

hazardous waste generated from enterprises in the Industrial Zone will be stored

in the specilized warehouse with separate cells to store different types of

hazardous wastes. The hazardous waste warehouse is located in right places,

which is covered and labeled.

- These wastes must be classified by enterprises at the sources into municipal

waste, non-hazardous waste, and hazardous waste before delivery to functional

units to collect and dispose.

- The project owner will coordinate with the functional authorities to check the

waste management performance of enterprises in the Industrial Zone to comply

with the current regulations.

1.2.7.3. Enterprises in the IZ

The enterprises in the IZ will collect, sort, transport, and treat wastes as regulated,

including:

- Registering the owner of hazardous wastes sources with local environmental

management agencies;

- Non-hazardous solid waste: Carrying out collecting, sorting at the sources by

the hygienic instrument in accordance with the relevant regulation;

45

- Hazardous waste: sorting, packing, preservation and storage in accordance with

the hazardous waste management regulation at the sources, then transported to

the disposal areas. The hazardous waste must be properly labeled and indicated

the necessary information as requested by the regulations;

- Storing the classified wastes in the sanitary containers or in bags with

distinctive colors, disposing the waste into the right places;

- Signing service’s contracts with function units for waste collection,

transportation and disposal ;

- Prohibiting enterprises to dispose waste in the unplanned areas, caused

environmental pollution to the Industrial Zone

1.2.7.4. Investors and IZ infrastructure management (Tin Nghia Corporation)

To perform the collection, transportation and treatment of all types of waste generated

in Industrial Zones, the project owner will implement the following measures:

- Non-hazardous and hazardous industrial solid waste: the company will

construct the transfer station and warehouse to collect and store solid wastes

generated from the enterprises in the IPs

- The waste must be classified by the enterprises at sources into separate types of

domestic waste, non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste before delivery to

the functional units to collect and dispose.

- Coordinate with the functional authorities to check the waste management

performance of enterprises in the Industrial Zone to comply with the current

regulations.

At the present, there has been a number of companies licensed in handling hazardous

waste in Dong Nai province, such as Tai Tien Co., Ltd, Sao Viet Joint Stock

Environment Company, Dong Nai Urban Environment Service One Member

Company, Tan Thien Nhien Co, Ltd, Sonadezi Joint Stock Enironment Treatment

Company etc. The enterprises in the industrial zone can also sign contracts with the

service companies to collect and dispose.

In addition, to strengthen the management and disposal of solid waste as requested by

the People's Committee of Dong Nai Province, the project owner will closely

cooperate with the Dong Nai Industrial Zones Administration and Department of

Natural Resources and Environment in checking and monitoring the solid waste

management performance in the industrial zone.

1.2.8. Risk management in Ong Keo Industrial Zone

The environmental emergency cases may include: Fire and exploitation, chemical and

oil spills, damage of drainage system and the wastewater treatment plant.

1.2.8.1. Explosion and fire prevention

46

(1). Fire due to electricity overload

To avoid electricity overload, the following measures will be applied:

- When designing it must be selected the conductivity wires with cross-section,

that is suitable with the electric current;

- Do not use the equipment with capacity higher that the design capacity;

- Regularly check the temperature of machinery and equipment to avoid the fire

due to overheating;

- Replace leaky piece of wire, which can cause electric shock;

- Installation of automatic power off when electrical power is overloaded;

- Strictly follow the electricity safety regulation.

(1). Fire Prevention by lightning

- Design and installation of lightning rod system for Ong Keo Industrial Zones

with column densities specified by the relevant standards.

- Enterprises in the Industrial Zone have to install lightning protection systems

for their facilities.

1.2.8.2. Leakage of sewer pipelines

- Regulate the safe isolation distance for the water and sewer pipelines;

- Regularly inspect and maintain the joints, valves on the water and sewer

pipelines;

- Prohibit construction of works in the safe isolation area for the water and sewer

pipeline;

1.2.8.3. The problem with the central waste water treatment plant

(1). Prevention

- Use materials with high strength and corrosion resistance;

- Regularly monitor the wastewater quality at the outlet of the wastewater

treatment plant to avoid the serious environmental pollution;

- Make the regular maintenance plan for equipment and machinery.

- Prepare spare parts, spare equipment to proactively and quickly overcome when

the incident occurred

(1). Incidents Rescue

- Build incident scenarios and response plans.

47

- Make the regular plan for checking and repairing the machinery and equipment.

- Build the balance tank to regulate the flow and effluent concentration before

pumping the wastewater treatment system.

- Build the ecological pond to store wastewater when the incident occurred on the

central wastewater treatment systems.

1.2.8.4. Survey of chemical leakage and safe exposure to chemicals

- The chemicals are transported to the wastewater treatment plant with special

facilities provided by the supplier;

- Chemicals are stored appropriately in the warehouse;

- Strictly follow the regulations on storage and use of the chemicals in

accordance to the manufacturer's instructions;

- All workers involved in the chemical industry are guiding safety measures

when exposed to the chemicals;

- When working with chemicals, workers should wear the personal safety

equipment such as masks, glasses, gloves etc.

1.2.8.5. Problem of the Treatment System

(1). Preparation

- The Team Leader must assign personnel to correctly follow the maintenance

schedule;

- The operators must prepare instruments for such repair;

- The Team Leader shall make the list of organizations to readily maintain or

repair the system.

(2). Response

- Any operator/or anyone in the treatment plant discovers any problem (of

the equipment,

- Components of the treatment system, etc), it is required to immediately notify

the person in 21 charge of repairs. The manager in warranty period is

responsible for contact to the warranty institutes.

- If the Company’s technicians are unable to restore the incident, the Chief is

entitled to instruct and contact to the repair and warranty organizations. It is no

more than 6 hours since the system is defected.

Notes:

48

- The Team Leader shall evaluate the results of all practice cases and

require actions for learning experience.

- After each troubleshoot, the individual/organizational facilitators must

ensure to restore it comprehensively to cause no impact on the environment.

1.3. TOTAL INVESTMENT BUDGET AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF

COMPONENT NO 2

1.3.1. Investment budgets

The investment budget of the project is a part of investment budget of infrastructure

construction of Ong Keo Industrial Zone, which has been calculated in the project of

Ong Keo Industrial Zone Investment and loan form the environmental protection

funds. Total investment of the project is presented in Table 1.6.

Table 1.8. Estimated total investment of the project

No. Contents Price

(VNĐ)

1 The cost of construction, equipment

28,549,850.000

2 Other costs (training, operating manuals, test,

test, ...)

227,850,000

3 Design Costs

479,600,000

TOTAL (INCLUDE VAT) 29,257,300,000

In words: Twenty-nine billion, two hundred and fifty-seven million, three hundred

thousand VND.

1.3.2. The Project Implementation Plan

Time of this project follow:

- June, 2011: Completion of the legal documents;

- July, 2011: Construction works;

- May, 2012: Completion construction of building cluster treatment tank;

- June, 2012: Installation pipe Technology;

- July, 2012 to September, 2015: Compensation and construction of wastewater

collection line;

- Octorber, 2015: Complete installation of technological equipment;

- November, 2015: Construction and complete electrical dynamics and automatic

control;

- December, 2015: Commissioning, technology transfer and liquidation.

49

CHƯƠNG 2 NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC

CONDITIONS

2.1. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS

2.1.1. Geographical conditions

2.1.1.1. Terrain

According to measurement data, topographic survey of Tin Nghia Company Limited

(2007), Ong Keo industrial zone located between Tuy ha the hilly area, Nha Be River,

Long Tau river, terrain inning every year, the average elevation from +1.0 m to + 1.4

m and lower toward the Ong Keo canal elevation only from + 0.6m to + 0,08m. Along

Ong Keo canal is the end, ground is lower.

In the project area, the system of canals divided into small square with common area

from 5 - 50 hectares, little cell area of 100 hectares.

In general, the entire surface is lower than arising tides and falling tide.

2.1.1.2. Geology

According to measured data, geological surveys of Tin Nghia Co., Ltd. (2007), the

project area is located on the floor young alluvial origin of Quaternary sea river. This

is organic clay sludge on the weak cover with thickness ranging from 6.5 - 20 m.

Geological structure of the area consists of 2 floors:

- Pleitocen Floor: Distribution in altitude from (-10) m – (-17) m or less

including of layers: clay, clay Asia, clay tightly structured, with high bearing

capacity often 10 và C>T/n.c;

- Holocene Floor: weak upper layer consists of organic clay, Asia clay, sandy

loam flexible, soft flowing, natural baby density, high porosity, low bearing

capacity.

Overall, the stratigraphy of the project area is similar sedimentary Mekong Delta.

2.1.2. Hydrological Conditions

Wastewater after treatment of WWTP Ong Keo IZ will discharge to Bang cannal and

then into Long Tau River. Length of Bang cannal is 1.6 kilometter ang width of 5-6 m.

Distance location discharge from Bang cannal to Long Tau River about 450 m. Long

Tau River connect Nha Be river flowing through 2 district is Can Gio of Ho Chi Minh

City and Nhon Trach District of Dong Nai province and into the South China Sea. The

length of the river is about 45 km, the average width 500-600 m, average depth of 10-

12 m. Discharge of Long Tau river presents in the following table:

50

Table 2.1. Discharge average of Long Tau river

Section

8 9 Average

Discharge flood season (m3/s) 1017,3 1055,5 1036,4

Discharge dry season (m3/s) 211,1 292,9 252

Source: "Research Report changes in hydraulic regime of the Long Tau River and Nha

Be river due to excavate Phuoc Hiep canal by using numerical modeling"; Le Song

Giang, Nguyen Thi Phuong; Journal of Science & Technology of the Technical

University No.74, 2009.

According to the field survey, the surface water source of Long Tau River and Bang

cannal affected by alum should be used for purposes domestic water.

2.1.3. Climate

The project area is located in the areas affected by climate of Nhon Trach district,

Dong Nai province. This area has a moderate climate conditions, fluctuations between

the times of year, the day is not high, the humidity is not too high, not directly affected

by the floods. The basic parameters are presented as follows:

2.1.3.1. The air temperature

Air temperature directly affect the metabolism and dispersion of pollutants in the

atmosphere. The higher air temperature, the more rapid rate of chemical reactions

occurred and the small duration of pollutants persisted. The variation of the

temperature affects the spread of dust and gas, the heat exchange process of the body

and health workers. Air temperatures is high and relatively stable throughout the year.

- Average annual temperature: 26.0 ° C

- The highest average temperature of 36 - 38oC

- Average lowest temperature year: 9 - 11oC

- Temperature range is reached during the dry season: 5 - 12oC

- Temperature range is reached during the rainy season: 5.5 - 8oC

2.1.3.2. Solar radiation

Solar radiation is one of the important factors that directly affect the thermal regime in

the region and thereby affect atmospheric stability level and distribution process, the

transformation of pollutants. Solar radiation will directly alter the temperature of an

object, which depends on the ability to reflect and absorb its radiation as coating

surface, paint, surface properties etc.:

- Average sunshine duration from 2000-2200 hours/year;

- Every day is 10-13 hours of sunlight (the dry season);

51

- The intensity of illumination at noon may be up to 100,000 lux.

2.1.3.3. Hours of sunshine

Total sunshine hours are changed from 2000-2700 hours/year. The dry season is also

the sunshine season, which accounts for 56-66% of the total annual hours of sunshine.

The highest average sunshine reachs 9.5 hours/day, the lowest one is 4 hours/day. In

dry season, sunlight may reach to 10-12 hours /day, while the rainy season, there may

be no sunshine in whole day.

2.1.3.4. Air humidity

Air humidity as well as air temperature is one of the natural elements, which directly

affect the metabolism and distribution of pollutants in the atmosphere, the heat

exchange process of the body and health of workers:

- Average annual humidity: 78% - 84%

- Highest annual humidity: 90% - 92%

- Lowest annual humidity: 72% - 76%

2.1.3.5. Evaporation

- The highest monthly average evaporation: 100-250 mm

- The lowest monthly average evaporation: 40-70 mm

- Average annual evaporation: 1,100 mm - 1,300 mm

2.1.3.6. The rainfall regime

The rainfall regime affect air quality. When dropping, the rain washs the dust and

pollutants in the atmosphere as well as the pollutants on the ground where rainwater

falls through. Stormwater quality depends on the quality of the atmosphere and

environment in the region:

- The average rainfall in the district was 1,800 mm. Rainfall is high, but unevenly

distributed in the month of the year;

- The rainy season lasts about six months from May to November, accounting for

87-88% of the annual rainfall. The wettest months are August, September,

October. The wettest month averagely can reach 300 - 400 mm /month;

- In the remaining months of the year, the rainfall is very low, which called dry

season, total rainfall in the dry season (November to May of the next year)

accounts for 12-13% of the annual rainfall. In January and February, there is a

little rain, even in many years, there were no rain.

2.1.3.7. Wind regime

Wind is an important factor in the dispersion and spread of pollutants in the

atmosphere. The greater wind speed, the higher ability to spread dust and pollutants as

far away, the higher ability to dilute pollutants with clean air. Each year there are two

main seasons, dry season have the Northeast monsoon, rain season have the Southwest

52

one. Average annual wind speed is 2.0 to 2.2 m/s, maximum one is 2.5 to 3.0 m/s (9.0

to 11.0 km/h), it is less affected by the storm.

Statistics on wind direction and wind direction frequency of each month at Bien Hoa

meteorological station, recorded by the Southern Hydro-Meteorological Station are

presented as follows:

January

February

0

5

10

15

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

March

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

April

0

2

4

6

8

10B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

53

May

0

3

6

9

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

June

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

15.0B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

Junly

0

8

16

24

32

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

August

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

September

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

October

0

2

4

6

8

10

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

``

54

November

0

2

4

6

8

10

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

December

0

5

10

15

B

BĐB

ĐB

ĐĐB

Đ

ĐĐN

ĐN

NĐN

N

NTN

TN

TTN

T

TTB

TB

BTB

Figure 2.1. Monthly wind direction and frequency at Bien Hoa station

2.1.3.8. Comment:

(1). Advantages:

- According to the Pasquil classification of atmospheric sustainability, the level

of the atmosphere sustainability in the project area is dominated B and C

classes, in which 75% of the B class or natural conditions in the project area are

favourable for dispersion of gaseous pollutants;

- Thermal regime in the project area is to facilitate the process of biodegradation

of waste.

(1). Difficulties:

- Temperature regime is quietly high and stable in whole year, therefore, that

may affect directly to the liquid fuel tank located in the project area;

- High rainfall will affect the stormwater drainage capacity and industrial

hygiene, if there is the absence of appropriate control measures;

- Application of sludge drying yard for excess sludge from the wastewater

treatment plant of the project will be difficult in the rainy season.

2.1.4. Environmental State

To assess the status of regional environmental quality of the project is expected, the

project owner was associated with the Institute for Environment and Resource to

survey, sample and analyze the environmental quality in the area on May 20, 2013.

2.1.4.1. Current status of air quality and noise

55

Air samples are taken at 3 points in the project area, which are described in the

following table 2.1 and table 2.2.

Table 2.2. Location of sampling air environmental status

Samples Location Samples

K1-OK Area between Cong Thanh cement plant and Lafarge Cement

K2-OK Area between the station wastewater treatment and Proconco projects

K3-OK Vopark Company area and Sanrimjohap area

K4-OK Nhon Trach 1 Power Plant area and PetroVietnam Gas South East

transmission company are.

Table 2.3. Results of air quality analysis

No Samples Noise

dBA

Concentration ( g /m3)

Dust SO2 NO2 CO

1 K1-OK 55-57,3 90 35 41 4800

2 K2-OK 46,3-47,9 110 43 52 5300

3 K3-OK 54,7-56 70 25 36 4400

4 K4-OK 55,9-57,9 120 38 46 4900

QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - 300 350 200 30000

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT 70 - - -

Note:

- QCVN 05: 2013/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on ambient air quality;

- QCVN: 2010/BTNMT - National technical regulation on noise

Comment:

- Dust pollution: dust concentrations ranged from 70-120 μg/m3 are lower than

the regulations (<300 μg/m3). The results showed that the dust concentration in

the sampling points meet the regulations QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT;

- Pollution by SO2: SO2 concentrations are ranged from 25 – 43μg/m3. The

analytical results at all monitoring locations within the project area shown that

SO2 concentrations are lower than the regulations many times;

- NO2 pollution: NO2 concentrations are ranged from 36 – 52 µg /m3, which are

lower than the regulations;

- Noise: Noise in the measured locations is ranged from 46.3-57.9 dBA, which

was lower than the regulation.

According to analysis results, ambient air around the proposed project is not polluted.

The process of building infrastructure will impact on the air quality, investor will

interest to control and manage the air quality in the project implementation process.

2.1.4.2. Current of surface water quality

56

While the project is put into operation, wastewater will be discharged into the Long

Tau river. The analysis result of surface water quality in the project area is presented in

Table 2.4:

Table 2.4. Results of water quality analysis

No Indicator Unit

Sample QCVN

08:2008/BTNMT

column B2 NM1 NM2 NM3

1 pH - 6,15 6,32 6,3 5,5 – 9

2 TSS mg/l 142 384 166 100

3 DO mg/l 6,5 6,6 6,3 ≥ 2

4 BOD5 mgO2/l 47 17 7,2 25

5 COD mgO2/l 211 64 31 50

6 N-NO2- mg/l 0,14 0,7 0,16 0,05

7 N-NO3- mg/l 0,3 0,51 0,22 15

8 Amonia mg/l 0,3 0,3 0,6 1

9 Mineral

oil mg/l 1,8 2,1 1,1 0,3

10 Xyanua mg/l KPH KPH KPH 0,02

11 Florua mg/l 0,325 0,75 0,25 2

12 Pb mg/l 0,006 KPH 0,002 0.05

13 Fe mg/l 1,95 0,14 0,61 1

14 Phenol mg/l KPH KPH KPH 0,02

15 Coliform MPN/100ml 460 7 2.1 10000

16 E.coli MPN/100ml 230 260 290 200

Samples positions is follow table 2.5.

Table 2.5. The location samples water quality

No. Sample Location samples

1 NM1 Surface water of the confluence beetwen Long Tau River and

Dong Tranh river

2 NM2 Surface water Long Tau River

3 NM3 Surface water Dong Tranh River

Comment: Comparing the analysis results with QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT Column B2,

except for BOD, COD, Photphat, Phenol which are violated the QCVN

08:2008/BTNMT.

2.2. BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

2.2.1. Mangroves

Long Thanh - Nhon Trach mangrove ecosystem has a total natural area about 18,000

ha. This ecosystem is affected by sea water intrusion and salinity of the river was

57

pushed to create a dynamic area - abundant vegetation. In the mangrove areas have

different kinds of trees such as: Avicennia, Rhizophora, shortening, parrots, and

evolved further, when the population decreased salinity coconut water instead. Deep

inland, where land is sour, with the categories: energy, buying growth. The land is less

acidic than the grower, palm, holly, roasted appearance. There is very rich flora, 84

species of vascular plants with 72 genera, 38 families of Magnoliophyta 2 and

Polypodiophyta branch.

There are not only plants but also animals and equally diverse aquatic species.

Through the survey, the presence of more than 20 species of mammals, over 100

species of birds, 30 reptiles and 9 amphibians has been identified. Regarding fisheries,

there are 3 main groups. The first group includes 36 species of mollusks (including 25

species of gastropods, 1 and 2 species of mollusc’s shells), which present some

economic value species such as shrimp, crabs ...). The most abundant group of animals

here is fish: there are 137 species, belonging to 39 families and 13 orders. These are

very specific species of mangrove ecoregions in coastal estuaries. Some fish is very

valuable economically as we know it: pineapple fish, mullet, fish floral, black grouper

etc.

2.2.2. Phytoplankton and zooplankton

2.2.2.1. Phytoplankton

The analytical results of phytoplankton composition recorded shown that there are 75

taxa of 04 phylum: Bacillariophyta (diatoms) Cyanophyta (algae phylum),

Chlorophyta (green algae phylum), Euglenophyta (eyes algae phylum).

Table 2.6. Phytoplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations

No Species composition

Frequency meeting and

individual /m3

M1 M2 M3

Bacillariophyta

1 Bidulphia sp. +

2 Caloneis sp. + +

3 Cocconeis sp. + +

4 Cyclotella comta + + +

5 Cyclotella sp. +

6 Cymbella sp. +

7 Cymbella tumida +

8 Eunotia asterionelloides +

9 Eunotia sp1. + + +

10 Eunotia sp2. + +

11 Demogonium guyanense +

12 Diatoma elongatum + +

13 Fragillaria sp. + + +

14 Gomphonema sphaerophorum + +

58



individual /m3

M1 M2 M3

15 Gyrosigma attenatum + +

16 Melosira granulata var. Angustissma + +

17 Melosira sp. +

18 Navicula dicephala +

19 Navicula grevilleii +

20 Navicula sp1. + +

21 Navicula sp2. + +

22 Nitzschia closterium +

23 Nitzschia sp1. +

24 Nitzschia sp2. + +

25 Pinnularia sp. + +

26 Surirella linearis + +

27 Surirella ovata +

28 Surirella robusta +

29 Surirella sp. +

30 Synedra acus +

31 Triceratium sp. + +

Chlorophyta

32 Actinastrum sp. + +

33 Closterium cornu + +

34 Closterium lunula + +

35 Coelastrum cambricum +

36 Coelastrum microsporum +

37 Coenocystis sp. +

38 Cosmarium sp1. +

39 Cosmarium obtusatum +

40 Crucigenia sp. +

41 Dictyosphaerium sp. +

42 Gonium sp. +

43 Oocystis sp. +

44 Pediastrum boryanum +

45 Pediastrum duplex + +

46 Pediastrum simplex +

47 Pediastrum tetras + + +

48 Senedesmus acuminatus +

49 Senedesmus bicaudatus +

50 Senedesmus bijuga +

51 Senedesmus denticulatus +

52 Senedesmus protuberans + +

53 Senedesmus quadricauda + +

54 Staurastrum sp. + +

55 Tetraedron regulare + +

Cyanophyta

59



individual /m3

M1 M2 M3

56 Aphanocapsa sp. + +

57 Aphanothece sp. +

58 Lyngbya sp. + +

59 Merismopedia minima + +

60 Microcystis aeruginosa +

61 Microcystis wesenbergii +

62 Oscillatoria sp. + + +

63 Oscillatoria sp2. + +

64 Spirulina sp. + +

Euglenophyta

65 Euglena acus +

66 Euglena oxyuris + +

67 Gonyostomum sp. +

68 Lepocinclis fusiformis + +

69 Lepocinclis sp. + +

70 Phacus anocoelus + +

71 Phacus helicoides +

72 Phacus longicauda +

73 Phacus platalea +

74 Trachelomonas oblonga +

75 Trachelomonas sp. +

In particular, the number of phylum with the dominant species is Bacillariophyta (31

species), Chlorophyta (24 species). The recorded algae species are freshwater ones,

which grow well in water flowing environment with relatively organic rich.

Results of quantitative analysis of phytoplankton density, percentage distribution is

presented in Tables 2.7-2.8.

Table 2.7. Composition and distribution of phytoplankton density in the surface water

sampling locations

No

Phylum

Sample

The density of individuals (unit/litter)

M1 M2 M3

1 Bacillariophyta 4.130 1.855 1.515

2 Chlorophyta 16.235 535 240

3 Cyanophyta 48.750 635 5.375

4 Euglenophyta 210 3.600 0

Total 69.325 6.625 7.130

Table 2.8. Composition and percentage distribution of phytoplankton in the surface

water sampling locations

60

No

Phylum

Sample

The density of individuals (%)

M1 M2 M3

1 Bacillariophyta 0,60 28,00 21,25

2 Chlorophyta 23,42 8,08 3,37

3 Cyanophyta 70,32 9,58 75,38

4 Euglenophyta 5,66 54,34 0,00

Total 100 100 100

Results of biological quantitative analysis shown that density fluctuations between the

sampling locations are relatively large from 6,625-69,325 individuals/liter. The density

distribution is quite clear difference between the point M1 (69,325 individuals/litter)

and the location M2 (6,625 individuals/litter). In particular, in the location M1,phylum

Bacillariophyta is diversed in number of species (27/69 species) but the percentage

distribution is lowest comparing with the present phylum in the water basin

(equivalent to 0.60% of total number of individuals recorded at locations M1). At the

same time, the distribution and species composition of phytoplankton at the time of the

survey is influenced mainly from inland freshwater resources with strong currents and

high turbidity.

Number of species present in the locations M1, M2, M3 is ranged from 16-69 species,

showing the diversity of species composition in the study area is relatively high. And

water in the survey watershed is essentially fresh one.

2.2.2.2. Zooplankton

Through surveys at 03 sampling points (M1, M2, M3) in the water basins in Nhon

Trach District, Dong Nai Province it is recorded in the zooplankton composition as

presented in table 2.9.

Table 2.9. Zooplankton composition in the surface water sampling locations



individual /m3

M1 M2 M3

Phylum: Aschelminthes

Class: Monogononta

Order: Ploima

Family: Brachionidae

1 Anuraeopsis fissa Gosse + + +

2 Brachionus angularis Gosse +

3 Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas +

4 Brachionus caudatus Asstein +

5 Brachionus dimidiatus + +

6 Brachionus falcatus Zacharias +

7 Brachionus sp1. +

61



individual /m3

M1 M2 M3

8 Brachionus sp2. +

9 Brachionus sp3. +

Family : Trichocercidae

10 Trichocerca longiseta Scharank + +

11 Trichocerca pusilla Jennings + +

Family : Gastropidae

12 Ascomorpha saltans Bartsch +

Family : Notommatidae

13 Cephalodella misgurnus Wulfert +

Family : Lecanidae

14 Lecane plesia Myers +

15 Lecane ploenensis Voight +

16 Lecane sp. + + +

17 Lecane subtilis Harr. u. Myers +

Family : Colurellidae

18 Lepadella rhomboideas Gosse +

19 Lepadella sp. + +

Family : Synchaetidae

20 Polyarthra sp. + +

Order : Flosculariaceae

Family : Testudinellidae

21 Pompholyx complanata Gosse +

22 Testudinella patina +

Family: (?)

23 Vanoyella globosa Evens + +

Class: Bdelloidae

Order : Bdelloida

Family : Habrotrochidae

24 Habrotrocha sp. +

Branch : Sarcomastigophora

Class: Lobosea

Order: Arcellinida

Family : Diffugiidae

25 Cucurbitella sp. +

26 Difflugia acuminata +

27 Difflugia lebes +

Order : Tintinnida

Family : Codonellidae

28 Tintinnopsis conecus Chiang +

29 Tintinnopsis cylindrata +

30 Tintinnopsis lobiancoi +

31 Tintinnopsis sp. +

Class: Filosea

62



individual /m3

M1 M2 M3

Order: Gromiida

Family : Euglyphidae

32 Euglypha tubercula +

Larva

33 Chironomidae diptera +

34 Nauplius copepoda + +

Note:

(?): Uncompleted properties

+: There is the presence of individuals

The analytical results shown that there were 34 species of the zooplankton recorded,

which belong to 02 phylums Aschelmia (Rotatoria), and Sarcomastigophora

(Protozoa), 04 classes, 06 orders, 13 families, 16 genuses. In particular, the species are

distributed as follows:

- Phylum Aschelminthes : 24 species, accounting for 77.42%;

- Phylum Sarcomastigophora: 7 species accounted for 22.58%.

In addition, the analysis also noted the presence of two species of copepod larvae and

Chironnomidae dipteral Nauplius. In particular, Chironomus larva (red mosquito

larvae of family Chironomidae – two wings insect of Order Diptera) appears only in

the location NM1. The species are indicators for the environment with nutrient-rich

and medium pollution (mesosaprobic).

The distribution of the dominant phylum Aschelminthes is accounting for 77.42%,

showed that the water is completely fresh with high concentration of organic matter

(Hermann, 1997). In particular, in terms of distribution and development of the

number of zooplankton, can see the indicator species for medium pollution water (-

mesosaprobic) such as Polyarthra sp., Brachionus calyciflonus and some species are

indicators of α-mesosaprobic pollution water such as Brachionus angularis in the

location M3 , Habrotrocha sp. in location M2.

Table 2.10. Composition and distribution of zooplankton density in the surface water

sampling locations

No Phylum

Sample

The density of individuals (unit/m3)

M1 M2 M3

1 Aschelminthes 4,500 18,500 15,000

2 Protozoa 5,000 500 2,500

3 Lavar 500 1,500 1,500

Total 10,000 20,500 19,000

63

Table 2.11. Composition and distribution of zooplankton proportion in the surface

water sampling locations

No

Phylum

Sample

The density of individuals (%)

M1 M2 M3

1 Aschelminthes 45.00 90.24 78.95

2 Protozoa 50,00 2.44 13.16

3 Lavar 0.50 7.32 7.89

Total 100 100 100

Results of biological quantitative analysis shown that density fluctuations between the

sampling points are relatively large from 10,000-20,500 individuals/m3. The density

distribution is quite clear difference between point M1 (10,000 individuals/m3) and

point M2 (20,500 individual/m3). In particular, in point M2, ratio of phylum

Aschelminthes is very high (equivalent to 90.24% of total number of recorded

individuals), showed that the water body at the survey time mainly influenced from

inland freshwater with strong currents and high turbidity.

Number of existing species in the locations M1, M2, M3 is ranged from 11-17 species,

showing the diversity of species composition in the study area is relatively low.

Protozoa density in the location M1 is relatively high (50%), shown that in this

watershed have higher nutrients than the other locations - where the presence of the

species of class Protozoa preferred in the sand bottom, strong flowing water.

2.2.3. Benthos

The results of analysis of benthos composition and density are shown in the tables

2.12, 2.13.

Table 2.12. Results of benthos analysis

No The scientific name The number of individuals counted

LT1 LT2 LT3

OLIGOCHAETA

1 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 5 12

2 Branchiura sowerbyi 3 7

POLYCHAETA

3 Namalycastis abiuma 4

4 Nephthys polybranchia 6

GASTROPODA

Viviparidae

5 Cipangopaludina leeythoides 2 2

Thiaridae

6 Melanoides tuberculatus 2

PALAEMONIDAE

7 Macrobrachium vienamense 2

64

No The scientific name The number of individuals counted

LT1 LT2 LT3

INSECTA LARVA

8 Tanytarsus sp1 7

Lymnogonus fossarum 3

9 Polypedilum sp 4

ODONATA

Libellulidae

10 Neurothemis fulvia 1

Conagrionidae

11 Coenagrionid cerinorubellum 2 1

12 Coenagrionid sp 2

Total 16 17 32

Table 2.13. Results of benthos composition and density analysis

No The scientific name Individual density (unit/m3)

LT1 LT2 LT3

OLIGOCHAETA

1 Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri 50 120

2 Branchiura sowerbyi 30 70

POLYCHAETA

3 Namalycastis abiuma 40

4 Nephthys polybranchia 60

GASTROPODA

Viviparidae

5 Cipangopaludina leeythoides 20 20

Thiaridae

6 Melanoides tuberculatus 20

PALAEMONIDAE

7 Macrobrachium vienamense 20

INSECTA LARVA

8 Tanytarsus sp1 70

Lymnogonus fossarum 30

9 Polypedilum sp 40

ODONATA

Libellulidae

10 Neurothemis fulvia 10

Conagrionidae

11 Coenagrionid cerinorubellum 20 10

12 Coenagrionid sp 20

Total 160 170 320

Comment:

65

The sample collection and analysis of benthic samples in water bodies in the project

showed that the diversity of benthic species composition is relatively low. With 13

species, including 04 species of worms, 03 species of dragonflies, 02 species of snails,

01 species of shrimp larvae and 03 species of other insects but the density is relatively

low with quantities of 160-320 individuals/m3. By analyzing the species composition

and density we found that, in sampling location LT2 with the presence of most species

are insect larvae (Coenagrionid, Coenagrionid cerinorubellum, Neurothemis Fulvia,

Lymnogonus fossarum, Polypedilum sp, Tanytarsus sp), which show relatively good

water quality. And in the remaining two locations LT1 and LT3 we see the presence of

species such as Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi, Nephthys

polybranchia, Namalycastis abiuma, which representing the species living in

contaminated water with high organic concentration. Therefore, measures should be

taken to reduce pollution to avoid a threat to the diversity of the fauna in the waters

here. Especially the use of plant protection chemicals, sewage and other domestic

wastes as well as the wastewaters from farmer’s households living around the project

area. However, it should be implemented a more intensive study of the fauna in the

locations near to the project to have a solid legal basis for future comparation of the

environmental degradation.

2.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

As of June, 2013 the population of Phuoc Khanh commune is 13,270 people.

According to a report on the resolution implementation of the People's Council on

Social, Economic and Defense Security Indicators in the year of 2013, the socio-

economic situation of Phuoc Khanh commune as follows:

2.3.1. The Economic Development

Phuoc Khanh Commune is the area with large agricultural land, undeveloped

infrastructure. Agricultural and livestock production are main economic sectors with

average income per capita is 29 million/year (according to survey data for the new

rural construction). The commune budget revenue is as follows:

- Total commune budget revenue: 4,171,994,274 VND/ 3,589,000,000 VND

reached 112,5%;

- Total expenses budget: 4,119,577,332 VND/ 3,589,000,000 VND reached

115% .

According to report on the socio-economic situation in 2013 year of the People

Committee of Phuoc Khanh commune, the socio-economic situation status of the

commune is as follows:

2.3.1.1. Agriculture

The total planted area of 1,328 ha, including:

(1). Sugarcane

66

Sugarcane: 1,165ha/1,035ha, reaching 112.56% of the plan:

(2). Perennial crops:

- Now in the commune there is 142 ha of perennial crops of all kinds including

90 hectares of fruit trees and 52 hectares of forest.

- In 2013 due to erratic weather conditions, the first rain of the season early occur

in the flowering period, therefore, the cashew trees is infected with a lot of

diseases, which led to high yield losses of approximately 65% with unstable

prices, that affect to the producers. The area of fruit trees is generally stable.

(3). Forestry

Currently, the total forest area in the commune is 52 ha. In 2013, local authority well

implement the fire fighting measures, therefore, there was not any forest fire case

happened.

(4). Livestock

Currently the local livestock sector is gradually shifting to big scaled farms with a total

herd of 5,705 cows pigs, 15,300 chickens. Number of poultry, cattle herds were

basically managed to prevent the disease. In 2008 there was no unusual infection

disease occurred. However, the livestock branch has many complicated changes,

therefore, the income of producers is only stable. In the middle of the third quarter to

date, the prices of output products suddenly declined, while prices of input foods are

only gradually reduced, therefore, many farmers, especially pig farmers have capital

losses and meet a lot of financial difficulties.

2.3.1.2. The industry - services - commercial – handicraft branches

(1). Industry branch:

In general, the industrial development in the commune is relatively stable. At the

present Ong Keo Industrial Zone and a number of industrial enterprises located outside

IZ are being stably operated.

(2). The service – commercial branch:

Situation of services - commercial branch development is relatively stable, the number

of households operating in this branch is 384, including mainly accommodation for

rent, catering, refreshments.

2.3.2. The Social Development

2.3.2.1. Culture- Information - Sports

(1). Culture- Information

67

The authority of Phuoc Khanh commune have coordinated with the Department of

Culture, Sport and Tourism of Dong Nai province to organize cultural nights, public

holidays, widescreen movies for serving the people and workers.

The commune have participated in the contest organized by the district and joined the

Culture - Arts – Sports exchanges.

(2). Sports

The local authority have organized the traditional games, and participated in the Phu

Dong district’s health festival; organized friendly football matches between secondary

schools, organized the tradition football championship of Phuoc Khanh commune in

2013.

To maintain regular activities, exercise in the tennis clubs, amateurs forum, nursing

teams, the traditional martial arts classes, karatedo at the Cultural and Sports Center of

the commune.

To coordinate with the related authorities, knowledge dissemination on traffic road

laws, laws on compensation and resettlement support etc.

(3). Health, Population and Family Planning

a). The work of children's health care

To organize to vaccinate for 65 children under 5 years with enough doses, injection of

5 in 1 for 22 children, supplying the Health Insurance Card for 1453 children under 6

years old.

(a). The work of school health:

To organize disease examination and tooth extraction for elementary school students.

(b). The medical examination and patient’s treatment

Commune health station in the year have implemented the medical examination for

11,996 visits. To generally ensure the health care for people, regularly monitor the

diseases and infectious diseases.

(4). Education

- The pre-school, elementary, high schools in the commune are being stably

operated, well participated in specialized movements proposed the education

sector.

- Pre-school: Improving the quality of education in according to the childhood

education programs, improving the quality of nutrition and food safety;

68

- Secondary: The results of the academic year 2012 – 2013 shown that the

number of students passing the graduating from secondary schools is 172/172,

equivalent to 100%;

- Education: maintaining universal education activities for 9 children.

(5). Social affairs

- To support for priority and difficult families, families affected by natural

disasters;

- To make sure the monthly salaries, allowances and gifts to priority families and

objects in the national holidays.

Overall Assessment:

Phuoc Khanh Commune is the area with high agriculture land, undeveloped

infrastructure, big number of working-age people, therefore, it is quite appropriate to

industrial development to promote the local economic development. The socio-

economic situation as presented above is relatively favorable for investment in this

industrial zone development in many ways to contribute to shifting economic structure

and to modernize people's lives, to create for people involving in industrial production

and accessing to advanced modern manufacturing technologies, where enterprises

investing in industrial zones bring benefits for the employees.

2.3.3. Sensitive areas affected by the Wastewater Treatment Project at Ong Keo

Industrial Zone

Water users, which may exposure to waste waters discharging from Ong Keo

Industrial Zone are mainly households living in the upstream and downstream areas

along the Long Tau river.

The people living in upstream and downstream areas located in distance of 3-5 km

from the discharge point can not use the Long Tau river water for domestic purposes

and livestock. Beside that the discharge flow of the CETP is not high (about 3,000

m3/day, equivalent to 0.036 m3/s), waste water will be treated to meet QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT, therefore, the impacts of the treatment plant on the residents living

along the Long Tau river are negligible.

69

CHƯƠNG 3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

3.1. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES

- The alternative is to ensure effective wastewater treatment, achieving QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT, column A with Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9;

- Location of drainage outlet is to ensure the drainage of the waste water

treatment plant, and to minimize the impacts on the environment and the people

living around the area of the waste water drainage outlet;

- Hazardous waste sludge from the wastewater treatment plant is to ensure proper

handling procedures of hazardous waste treatment, to avoid affecting the

environment.

3.2. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE LOCATION

The feasibility study report of the construction project of the central wastewater

treatment plant of Ong Keo Industrial Zone- Phase 1 have mentioned about 03

alternative locations for discharging wastewater into water bodies:

Treated wastewater meeting QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT column B will be collected into

the sewers with diameters of 400 – 1000 mm, running along the boundary of the

Industrial Zone. The treated wastewater is discharged into Bang canal, connecting with

Long Tau river.

The proposed wastewater receiving point from the wastewater treatment plant of Ong

Keo IZ is show in figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1. The position wastewater receiving point from the wastewater treatment

plant of Ong Keo Industrial Zone

S1

Bang canal

S2

WWTP

70

Thus, from the above analysis, the treated waste water from the WWTP of Ong Keo

Industrial Zone, Phase 1 will be collected into the sewer system into the Bang canal at

S1 point, then discharged in to Long Tau river at S2 with location coordinates are as

follows:

Table 3.1. The location of the discharge of waste water treatment plants Ong Keo IZ

No. Point Location X Y

1 S1 The location of discharge in to Bang canal 398525.73 1176858.06

2 S2 The location of discharge in to Long Tau river 398122.12 1176578.99

3.3. SELECTION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

Before implementing investment project of the wastewater treatment plant of Ong Keo

Industrial Zone, Tin Nghia Corporation have conducted reference and draw from the

experience of the others IZs existing wastewater treatment plants. which are operating

in Dong Nai province (i.e. Bien Hoa IZ, Amatra IZ, Long Thanh IZ, Nhon Trach 3,

...), Ho Chi Minh city (Linh Trung export Processing Zone, Tan Thuan Industrial

Zone), etc. After reviewing the composition and nature of inlet wastewater,

effectiveness of practical wastewater treatment, advantages and disadvantages of each

project and the economic efficiency of the existing WWTPs etc. Tin Nghia

Corporation has decided to select the wastewater treatment technology, that have been

successfully applied in Nhon Trach 3- Model 1 IZ for Ong Keo Industrial Zone. The

selection of the Nhon Trach 3 - Model 1 IZ wastewater treatment technology for Ong

Keo IZ is based on the following reasons:

- Nhon Trach 3 IZ invested by Tin Nghia Corporation is the same investor for

Ong Keo IZ. So it have enough experience and capability to continue Ong Keo

Industrial Zone development;

- Nhon Trach 3 IZ wastewater treatment plant is actually operating one with high

effectiveness of wastewater treatment, which usually meet QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT column A;

- Nhon Trach 3 IZ has similar attracted industries and wastewater composition

comparing with those of Ong Keo Industrial Zone;

- Technology applied in Nhon Trach 3 IZ is common one with simple operation,

saving investment, handling and equipment’s maintenance costs;

- CETP is stably operated to meet the changes in flow and pollutant

concentrations, reliability and longevity;

- Sludge treatment technology is thorough including physico-chemical and

biological treatment, which meet the regulations on solid waste management;

- Treatment plant is automatically controlled by PLC, SCADA to use integrated

controls;

- The system has the ability to connect when expanding capacity, synchronization

with the surrounding landscape;

71

- Less odor emitted from the WWTP into the environment;

- Meeting the requirements on the landuse, natural conditions, as well as

economic conditions.

Technology of Nhon Trach 3 IZ wastewater treatment plant is presented as follows:

3.3.1. The processing steps

- Treatment level 1 (preliminary treatment):

+ Separation mineral oil.

+ Removing garbage, coarse and fine particles.

+ Physico-chemical treatment (coagulation, flocculation).

+ Separation of mineral oil.

- Treatment level 2 (biological treatment): Applying the aerobic activated sludge

technology for removal of suspended organic matter, reduction of BOD, COD

concentrations.

- Treatment level 3: Completing wastewater treatment after biological treatment

with biological pond. Wastewater disinfection.

- Residual sludge treatment: Sludge compression and reduction of moisture

content of the sludge by belt press conveyor.

3.3.2. Flow Diagram of wastewater treatment technology

Flow Diagram of wastewater treatment technology is presented in Figure 3.2.

72

Figure 3.2. Flow diagram of the wastewater treatment technology of Nhon Trach 3 IZ

3.3.3. Description of the technological process

- Wastewaters from the plants in the Industrial Zone will be collected into the

sewer system to manholes of the central waste water treatment plant with a

Lassification -

Handling

Form

Hazardous

WASTE

Pum pit

Fine solid waste screen

Balancing tank

Primary sedimention

tank

Oil separation tank

Coagulation tank

Flocculation tank

Aerotank

Biological

Sedimentation Tank

Seconndary sedimenation tank

Ecological pond

Slugde compression

tank

Dry mud

Sludge compression

tank

Antisept

ics

Air blower

Waste water (3.000 m3/d)

Coarse solid waste

screen

Chemical

Air blower

DRAINAGE SYSTEM IZ

Coarse solid waste: 7 – 10

kg/day

Fine solid waste: 5 kg/day

73

maximum flow of 2,000 m3/day in phase 1. Before entering the pumping

station, wastewater is pumped into the coarse solid waste screening equipment

to remove large size solid wastes from the flow. From pumping station,

wastewater is pumped to the fine solid waste screening devices to remove the

solid wastes with size of greater than 1.5 mm, then flow through the balance

tank. Balance tank is equipped with submersible stirs to regulate composition,

properties of wastewater, to avoid sedimentation and anaerobic treatment

occurred, and also in the tank there is chemical dosing system to neutralize pH

of waste water;

- When the inlet waste waters containing heavy metals or colors concentrations

beyond the design parameters will be led through the physico-chemical

treatment unit, including a coagulation tank, where wastewater, chemical

coagulant are mixed, then the flocculation process happen in the flocculation

tank to form sludge particles. Chemical clarifier will separate the sludge from

the wastewater. The sludge will be led to the sludge compression tank, the

wastewater continues to flow through an oil separator;

- When the inlet waste waters containing heavy metals or colors concentrations

within the design parameters will be led through physico-chemical treatment

unit, but coagulant will not be injected, then wastewater will flow through the

oil separator;

- At the oil separator, oil is separated from wastewater and collected in

wastewater storage tank, that continues to flow to aerobic activated sludge

treatment tank;

- Wastewater from aerobic treatment tank flows through the primary

sedimentation tank to separate activated sludge from wastewater, a part of

activated sludge will be circulated back the aerobic treatment tank to maintain

concentrations and types of microbs, which are suitable for the tank operation,

the excess sludge is pumped through the sludge compression tank. Wastewater

from the secondary sedimentation tank flows to disinfection unit and flow will

be measured, where the wastewaters will be injected by disinfection chemicals

to ensure the microbiological parameters before discharging into the biological

pond;

- Biological pond has buffer function and thoroughly treat wastewater before it is

discharged into the environment.

3.3.4. Wastewater Treatment effect

The Nhon Trach 3 IZ wastewater treatment plant is effective. The results of the

wastewater analysis discharging from Nhon Trach 3 IZ WWTP are presented in tables

74

3.1 and 3.2 and the updated results in September and November 2011 presented in the

following table:


Nhon Trach 3 IZ (September 2011).

No Indicator Unit

Results June /2014 QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT

column B

Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0

Before

treatment

(balance

tank)

After

treatment

pH - 6.2 7.2 5.5 – 9

COD mg O2/l 760 ND (LOD=10) 165

BOD5 mg O2/l 330 9 55

TSS mg/l 148 48 110

Color Pt-Co 42 13 165

N-NH4+

mg/l 25.8 ND

(LOD=0.056) 11

Total Nitrogen mg/l 27.3 4.8 44

Total Phosphorus mg/l 9.4 1.72 6.6

CN- mg/l 0.013

ND

(LOD=0.005) 0.11

Cr6+ mg/l

ND

(LOD=0.01)

ND

(LOD=0.01) 0.11

Cr3+ mg/l

ND

(LOD=0.025)

ND

(LOD=0.025) 1.1

Fe mg/l 1,37

ND

(LOD=0.06) 5.5

Zn mg/l 0,19 0.21 3.3

Cu mg/l

ND

(LOD=0.1) 0.18 2.2

As mg/l

ND

(LOD=0,001)

ND

(LOD=0,1) 2.2

Hg mg/l

ND

(LOD=0,001) 0.003 0.011

Pb mg/l 0,036

ND

(LOD=0.001) 0.55

Cd mg/l

ND

(LOD=0,005)

ND

(LOD=0.01) 0.11

Ni mg/l

ND

(LOD=0,06)

ND

(LOD=0,005) 0.55

Mineral oil mg/l 12.6 ND (LOD=3) 11

Vegetable Oil

and Fats mg/l 7.26 ND -

S2- mg/l 2.83 ND 0.55

Cl2 mg/l

ND

(LOD=0.1) 1.85 2.2

75

No Indicator Unit

Results June /2014 QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT

column B

Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0

Before

treatment

(balance

tank)

After

treatment

Organophosphate

pesticides µg/L 0.0073

ND

(LOD=0.001) 1.1

Chlorinated

organic

pesticides

µg/L ND

(LDO=0,0005)

ND

(LOD=0.0005) 0.11

Phenol µg/L 0.08

ND

(LOD=0.01) 0.55

Coliforms MPN/

100mL 3.5x106 < 1,8 5500

Source: The report on environmental monitoring of Nhon Trach 3 Industrial Zone,

Phase 2, 2014.


Nhon Trach 3 IZ (September 2014)

No Indicator Unit

Results September/2014 QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT

column B

Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0

Before

treatment

After

treatment

1 pH - 6.69 8.47 5.5 – 9

2 Color Pt-Co 278 13 165

3 BOD5 mg/l 192 18 55

4 COD mg/l 104 39 110

5 TSS mg/l 55 25 165

6 N-NH4 + mg/l 34.2 ND (<0,5) 11

7 Total Nitrogen mg/l 46.2 18.1 44

8 Total

phosphorous

mg/l 8.18 1.58 6,6

9 CN- mg/l ND (<0.005) ND (<0.005) 0.11

10 Cr6+ mg/l ND (<0.01) ND (<0.01) 0.11

11 Cr3+ mg/l 0.024 0.009 1.1

12 Ni mg/l 2.199 0.017 5.5

13 Fe mg/l 0.081 0.619 3.3

14 Zn mg/l 0.098 0.011 2.2

15 Cu mg/l 0.017 0.076 2.2

16 As mg/l ND (<0.004) ND (<0.004) 0.011

17 Hg mg/l 0.167 ND (<0.004) 0.55

18 Pb mg/l ND

(<0.0002)

0.026 0.11

19 Cd mg/l ND (<0.001) ND (<0.0002) 0.55

20 mineral oil mg/l 1.7 ND (<0.01) 11

76

No Indicator Unit

Results September/2014 QCVN

40:2011/BTNMT

column B

Kq=1.1;Kf=1.0

Before

treatment

After

treatment

21 Oil and grease

interviewer

mg/l 3.3 ND (<0.01) -

22 S2- mg/l 2.0 ND (<0.1) 0.55

23 Cl2 mg/l - ND (<0.1) 2.2

24 Organophosphate

pesticides

mg/l ND (<0.1) ND (<0.1) 1.1

25 Chlorinated

organic

pesticides

mg/l ND (<0.1) ND (0.1) 0.11

26 Phenol mg/l 0.052 ND (<0.005) 0.55

27 Coliform MPN/

100mL

43x103 ND (<3) 5500

Source: The report on environmental monitoring of Nhon Trach 3 Industrial Zone,

Phase 2, 2014.

Note:

- Sampling and analysis in June, 2014 implemented by Sonadezi Service

Corporation.

- Sampling and analysis in September, 2014 implemented by the Center for

Environmental Technology and Management.

- QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial

wastewater, column B, with Kq = 1.1 (Thi Vai river flow> 200 m3/s) and Kf =

1.0 (Wastewater flow ≤ 2,000 m3/day).

The results of water quality monitoring shown that the indicator parameters of the

outlet waste water of the Nhon Trach 3 wastewater treatment plant are lower than the

allowable limits of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT.

Thus, the application of the Nhon Trach 3-Module 1 IZ wastewater treatment

technology for Ong Keo IZ is fully consistent with the actual condition and outlet

wastewater will meet the national technical regulation before discharging into the

receiving water body. Wastewater treatment plant of Ong Keo Industrial Zone will

also be studied further improvements to improve the efficiency of wastewater

treatment than to ensure effluent quality standards before reaching receiving water

discharge in a good way most. Specifically, Oil separation tank was moving forward

Balancing tank with the main purpose: To prevent the abrasion of pumping motors in

the successive treatment works; To prevent the strange substance in biological

treatment tank which can cause agglomeration into the solids floating in biological

tank, which leads to less efficient treatment system .

77

3.4. SELECTION OF SLUDGE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

Sludge treatment technology generated from the wastewater treatment plant of Ong

Keo Industrial Zone-Phase 1 (Module 1): Excess sludge from the primary and

secondary clarifiers will be pumped to the compressed mud tank periodically, where

sewage sludge is concentrated by gravity sedimentation method, then collected to the

tank bottom by the sediment brusher system. Depending on the concentration of

biomass in the sludge tank that total dissolved solids (TDS) ranging from 2-3% before

being pumped into the sludge dewatering process for separating water from the mud.

Sludge after dewatering in the form of cake will be packaged and stored in a dry mud

warehouse before bringing to sanitary landfills. Wastewater from sludge tank and

excess sludge dewatering will be circulated to the pump pit for reprocessing.

The project owner will sign contracts with Tai Tien Co., Ltd, Sao Viet Joint Stock

Environment Company, for collecting and handling whole sludge in accordance with

the provisions of the current law.

Hazardous waste treatment technologies of the mentioned above companies has been

licensed by the Vietnam Environment Administration within Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment.

Hazardous sludge generated from the CETP operation will be treated by one of two

companies with full compliance regulation.

3.4.1. Option 1: Treatment at Tai Tien Waste Treatment Plant

3.4.1.1. The capacity of Tai Tien for sludge disposal of CETP Ong Keo IZ

- Incinerators dedicated capacity 3,600 kg/day;

- Hazardous waste incinerator capacity 36,000 kg/day;

- The system unfired brick production capacity of sludge treatment 31,920

kg/hour, capacity pressed brick 2000 tablets/day;

- Landfill area is 5,000 m2.

The capacity of Tai Tien company is capable of handling the amount of sludge

generated from 1.5 to 2 tons/day of Ong Keo IZ CWTP.

3.4.1.2. Sludge transport route

- Sludge transport route: Ong Keo IZ – Pham Thai Buong road – No.51 Highway

- Tai Tien hazardous treatment plant (59 kilometer).

78

Figure 3.3. Exhibit sludge transport route

- Sludge Treatment Technology at Tai Tien Ltd. Co.

+ The dried and dewatered sludge contains hazardous substances will be mixed

with cement, then compressed into blocks to reduce pollution disperse into the

environment. As cement has high alkalinity, the heavy metals will kept under

hydroxide or carbonate salts.

+ The compressing often also often include Ca(OH)2 solution (to increase its

acidity), or coal slag. Coal slag and Ca(OH)2 can stabilize As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe,

Pb, Mg, Se, Ag, Zn…The blocks will then be landfilled under required

standard inside the treatment plant border, rather than hand it to third party.

Table 3.3. The % of mixing based on mass is as below

Hazardous Wastes Incineration Slag Cement Lime Sand Water

100 20 35 10 100 65

30% 6% 10% 3% 30% 19%

The diagram for solidifying process can be seen as below:

Tài Tiến Co, Ltd

Ong Keo IZ

79

Figure 3.4. Sludge solidifying process

3.4.1.3. Tai Tien landfill site

Tai Tien landfill site is constructed based on design TCXDVN 261:2001 with double

layers and 2 trends to collect landfill leachate.

- Total potential landfill volume: 61,378 m3

- Filled duration: 8 years (if the landfilling rate of hazardous solid wastes is 10

tons/day).

- Actual landfilling rate at this point: 380 kg/day or around 10 tons per months

3.4.2. Option 2: Treatment at Sao Viet Waste Treatment Plant

3.4.2.1. The capacity of Sao Viet company for sludge disposal of Ong Keo IZ CETP

- Sao Viet company have two static incinerator to handle of hazardous waste with

a capacity of 1000 kg/hour;

- The system of concrete, fixed-ash waste.

The capacity of Sao Viet company is capable of handling the amount of sludge

generated from 1.5 to 2 tons/day of Ong Keo IZ CWTP.

3.4.2.2. Sludge Route

Sao Viet waste treatment plant is located inside Toc Tien disposal site with total lengh

road is 56 km.

80

Figure 3.5. Exhibit sludge haulage route to Sao Viet Waste Treatment Plant at Toc

Tien Site

3.4.2.3. Sludge Treatment Technology

Sao Viet applies incinerator for waste treatment, and wet cyclone and absorption tower

for treating flue gas. The treatment process is presented in Figure 8. Its capacity is

1,000 kg/h. Here are some representative parameters for the treatment system:

- Primary combustion: to = 500-600oC;

- Secondary combustion: to = 1,100-1,200oC, t = 4-5s;

- Oxidation/catalyst: enhance the oxidation of CO, CxHy to CO2 and H2O;

- Wet cyclone: reduce dust ≥ 20µm;

Ong Keo IZ

Sao Viet Co, Ltd

81

Waste FeedPrimary

Combustion

Secondary

Combustion

Supplementary

Combustion

Oxidation –

Catalyst

Heat Exchange

Absorption

Tower

Induced Draft

Fan

Stack

Automatic control

system

Oxygen

SupplyAir

Absorption

Solution

Storage Tank

Residues

Figure 3.6. Process sludge treatment technology

82

CHƯƠNG 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

4.1. IMPACT SOURCES, OBJECTS AND SCALE

The investment in the construction of the waste water treatment plant with capacity of

3,000 m3/day is entirely consistent with the policy of socio-economic development and

environmental protection, which contribute to solving the environmental problems of

the Industrial Zone. However, in addition to the positive impacts, construction and

operation of the project may cause negative impacts on the environment and the socio-

economic development if there are without the mitigation and appropriate treatment

measures. The environmental impact of the project arises primarily in two phases:

- Preparation and construction phase;

- Operation phase.

On that basis, the project’s activities which may cause negative environmental impacts

to natural and socio-economic development can be identified and evaluated as follows:

4.1.1. Construction Phase

4.1.1.1. Impact Sources

(1). Waste related impacts

The project’s activities and waste related impact sources in construction phase are

presented in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and

construction phases

No. The activities Impact sources

01 Leveling, worker camp

preparation, road

construction.

- Dust emissions arising from the transport,

machinery and construction equipment.

- Storm water runoff, localized flooding, mud

02 Construction - Dust arising from leveling the ground.

- Solid waste arising from the construction process.

- Stormwater runoff over the entire project area

swept by the soil, rocks, greasy water in the

streams.

03 Active transport

construction materials

such as iron, sand,

bricks, cement, iron,

steel, ...

- Dust emissions from trucks;

- Increasing the density of traffic on the road

transport (road embankment Ong Keo);

- Noise generated by truck

04 Installation of

equipment in process

- Dust, fumes arising from the construction process

with heating: cutting, welding metal etc.

83

No. The activities Impact sources

technology and backend

parts such as electrical

systems, water,

chemical suppliers etc,

- Dust emissions from the transport device.

- Solid waste such as viscous oily rags, chemicals

containers, metal blanks etc.

05 Activity gathering,

storing fuel, raw

materials.

- Dust from unloading construction materials.

- Vapors of gasoline, paint from gasoline, paint

containers.

06 Activities of

construction workers

Wastewater and solid waste generated from activities

of construction workers.

(1). The none-waste related impact sources

The none-waste related impact sources in the preparation and construction phases are


Table 4.2. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the preparation and

construction phases

No. Impact Sources

1 Change of land use purposes.

2 Erosion, sedimentation of the Long Tau river at the segment flowing through the

project area.

3 Noise and vibration from construction activities and equipment installation.

4 Residual heat pollution

5 Local flooding

6 Fire incidents, accidents in the construction process.

7 The workers going in and out the project area may cause disturbance of the local

life

(2). Affected objects and scales

Affected objects and scales in the preparation and construction phases are presented in

Table 4.3.

84

Table 4.3. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Construction Phase

No. Activity Affected objects Effected Scales Duration of

impact Level of impact

1

Leveling the

construction area.

Preparing camps,

road construction

- Impact on the ambient air environment ;

- Impact on water: rainwater runoff entrained

dirt, garbage, oil spillage, domestic

wastewater of workers;

- Impact on land environment: Construction

solid waste generation , domestic solid waste

from activities of workers

- Health workers and community around the

project area

The project area

and adjacent,

during

construction of

the project

During

construction

- Inevitably,

insignifica

nt;

- Light,

temporary

2 Transportation of

raw materials

- Air pollution (dust, gases, noise and

vibration).

- Environmental pollution to water: rainwater

runoff entrained dirt, garbage, oil leakage or

spillage of materials;


project area.

The project area

and the

surrounding

areas and

transport routes.

During

construction

Inevitably,

insignificant

temporary.

3

- Developing the

technical

infrastructure,

including the

treatment tank,

pipeline

systems, power

supply, water

supply and

drainage,

- Air pollution (dust emission).

- Pollution of water: rainwater runoff, domestic

wastewater of construction workers.

- Impact on land environment: Solid waste

generation, solid waste of workers.

- Changing the scenery and beauty of the entire

area


project area

The project area

and the

surrounding area

during the

construction

process

During

construction

Inevitably,

insignificant

Light, temporary;

85

ancillary works,

...

- Installation of

equipment.

4

Welding, cutting,

painting, metal

spraying

- Air pollution (dust emission).

- Workers health The project area

During project

construction

Inevitably,

insignificant;

Light, temporary

5 Activities of

concrete mixers ...

- Air pollution

- Water pollution: stormwater runoff entrained

dirt, garbage, spilled oil increases the turbidity

of surface water

- Workers health

The project area During project

construction Light, temporary

6 Activities in the

field of workers

- Water pollution

- Soil pollution.

The project area

and surrounding

areas

During project

construction

Inevitably, not

great;

Light, temporary.

7

Cleaning up the

landscaping after

construction

Air pollution The project area During project

construction Light, temporary.

86

4.1.2. Operation Phase

4.1.2.1. Impact sources

(1). Waste related impact sources

During the project’s operation phase, possible waste related impact sources are


Table 4.4. Sources of waste related environmental impacts in the operation phase

No. Activity Impact Sources

I Impact on air quality

I.1 Transportation activities ,

transportation of chemicals,

sludge

Odor, gases, dust, chemical fumes leakage.

I.2 Wastewaters - Odor due to fermentation and anaerobic

decomposition of organic matter in the

wastewater treatment process.

- The odor of the sludge from the sludge drying

yards.

II Impact on the water quality

II.1 Wastewaters - Wastewater Treatment Plant.

- Sewage leakages, overflow due to malfunction.

II.2 Activities of the operators. Domestic wastewater of officers and employees

may contain impurities, suspended solids, organic

matter, nutrients and micro-organisms.

II.3 Stormwater runoff Rain water flowing through the project area

swept dirt, garbage spilled into water.

III Solid waste generation

III.1 Wastewaters Garbage, sludge from operating activities of the

central wastewater treatment plant

III.2 Activities of employees Domestic wastes

(2). The none-waste related impact sources

During the project’s operation phase, the non-waste related impact sources are

identified in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5. Sources of none-waste related environmental impacts in the operation

phase

No. Impact Sources

1 Noise, vibration from the sewage pumps, agitators, air blowers.

2 Residual heat from the operation of machinery, equipment of the central

87

wastewater treatment plant

3 Sedimentation of the Long Tau river in the project’s area

(3). Affected objects and scales

Affected objects and scales during the project’s operation are presented in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6. Affected Subjects and Scale in the Operation Phase

No. Affected

objects Affected Scale

Duration of

impact

Level of

impact

1 The air The ambient air in the areas

surrounding the wastewater

treatment plant

During

Operation

Moderate,

long-term

2 Surface water The Long Tau river is the

receiving water after handling

wastewater and stormwater

runoff.

During

Operation

Moderate,

long-term

3 Groundwater The project area and vicinity. During

Operation

Moderate,

long-term

4 Road

infrastructure

Transportation system in the

project area would be degraded

by chemical transport activities

During

Operation

Light, long-

term

5 Employee The entire operation of the

project staff and staff working in

the waste water treatment plant

During

Operation

Moderate,

long-term

6 Households live

two roads

Road routine of vehicle

activities.

During

Operation

Light,

instant

7 Local Residents Around the area of the

wastewater treatment plant

During

Operation

Moderate,

long-term

4.2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

4.2.1. Construction Phase

4.2.1.1. Impact on air environment

The activities and sources impacts during construction and installation of equipment

for the project is presented in Table 4.1 above, the activities caused air pollution are as

follows:

- Dust by ground leveling and project’s construction;

- The dust arising during transportation and loading and unloading of materials:

- Raw materials for construction and installation of waste water treatment plant

(stone, sand, bricks, cement, iron and steel);

88

- Equipment and machinery for the construction and installation of the central

waste water treatment plant.

- Dust, oil vapors arising in the process regrouped, storing fuel, raw materials;

- Coal dust and gases SO2, NO2, CO, THC because the exhaust fumes of vehicles

transporting sand, stones, bricks, cement, steel, equipment, fuel etc., smoke

exhaust devices for construction machinery (concrete mixers, cranes);

- Fuel, spilled materials (sand, stone, cement, oil, paint);

- Radiation from the construction process with heating, welding fumes (such as

the process of cutting, welding steel, cutting, welding equipment for assembly);

These project have impacts on the environment and worker health. In particular, the

impact of dust, vehicle exhaust and noise is shipping three main impacts of the

construction process. These effects will be detailed evaluated as follows:

(1). Impact of ground leveling

The area selected for project’s construction is relatively flat. The total area of waste

water treatment plant is 2,5ha. Thus the soil volume for ground leveling is very little.

Therefore, the effect of ground leveling on the air environment is negligible.

(2). The impact of emissions from the transportation of raw materials and equipment

The transportation of materials and equipment will generate dust and pollutants such

as COx, NOx, SOx, and THC etc. This kind of pollution sources is scattered and

difficult to control.

According to the report "Research on control measures of air pollution in the road

traffic in Ho Chi Minh City "shows the average amount of fuel is consumed for the

vehicles as follows:

- 2 wheel motorcycles : 0.03 liters/km;

- Gasoline cars : 0.15 liters/km;

- Diesel cars : 0.3 liters/km.

The transportation means, which regrouped materials for the construction of technical

infrastructure, equipment installation of the waste water treatment plant are used as oil

fuel and vehicles with payloads of 10 tons/car .

Estimates of total number of vehicles transporting raw materials and equipment going

in and out the project area is about Nt = 5 times/day.

The number of construction workers is about 120 people, all of them are not living in

the field.

Number of motorcycles going in and out the project area is about: Nm = 30 times/day.

The diameter of the area affected by traffic emissions range l = 2 km:

89

- Total number of the vehicles going in and out the project area in 01 day is: N =

(Nt + Nm) = 35 vehicles/day;

- The total distance of trucks travelling in 01 day is Lt = Nt x 2 = 10 km/day;

- The total distance of motorcycles running in 01 day is Lm = Nm x 2 = 60

km/day;

- The total amount of fuel (oil) providing trucks is: Qt = 0.3 (l/km) x 10 (km/day)

= 3 liters/day;

- The total amount of fuel (petrol) providing the motorcycles is: Qm = 0.03

(l/km) 60 (km /day) = 1.8 liters/day;

- The total amount of fuel used is: Q = 4.8 l/day, rounded up to 5 liters/day.

Based on the pollution factors of the World Health Organization (WHO), the daily

average emissions caused by transport activities are presented in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7. Air Pollution Loads and Concentration Caused by the Transportation of

Construction Materials

No. Pollutants

Pollution

coefficient

(kg/liter)

Pollution load

(kg/day)

Concentration

(mg/m3/1h)

QCVN

05:2013/BTNMT

(mg/m3/1h)

01 Dust 0.005 0,025 11.14 0,3

02 SO2 0.00625 0,008 3.57 0,35

03 NO2 0.01 0,05 22.28 0,2

04 CO 0.075 0,375 167.11 30

05 THC 0.01 0,05 22.28 5(*)

Note:

- The total amount of fuel used is: 5 liters/day;

- Sulfur content in oil: 0.25%;

- Save emissions: When the engine is burning 01 kg of fuel, volume of air

emission generated 22 m3;

- Density of DO oil: 1 liter = 0.85 kg diesel oil ;

- The total volume of diesel oil used: 4.25 kg/h;

- Total emissions arising from the transportation of garbage: 93.5 m3;

- QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality.

- (*) QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulations on hazardous

substances in the ambient air.

Comment:

Comparing the concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gas with the ambient air

quality regulations shown that concentrations of all pollutants will exceed the traffic

air emissions regulations. However, the concentration of pollutants in Table 3.4 are

calculated at the point of emission (exhausted pipe of the car). Concentrations of

pollutants in the air will be reduced by the following factors such as the concentration

dilution; respiratory process of trees. On the other hand, the project is located within

90

Ong Keo Industrial Zone away from the nearest residential area approximately 1.2 km

to the north-east. Thus, the level of impact of this pollution source has been reduced.

(3). Impact due to welding operations, cutting, painting, metal spraying

During the construction of the central wastewater treatment plant, welding, cutting,

painting, metal spraying activities occurs frequently. These processes are used the

following devices such as welding, gas welding, the materials (iron, steel, etc.), which

cause the negative impact on the environment.

Toxic welding emissions generated during welding will impact on the surrounding air

quality and impact directly on the health of workers. Most of the toxic emissions

contains heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Hg, Cr with highly toxicity and very persistent.

Also the materials used in the coating, plating processes such as metal particles,

chemicals, paints, solvents, etc. will emit the vapor, mist, dust, rust, and little of

substance chemical, which also cause negative impacts on the ambient air quality and

health of construction workers.

Due to the effects of the welding process, cutting, painting, metal spraying occurs

frequently in the construction phase, the project owner will adopt measures to

minimize adverse effects, such as arrangement of paint, spraying processes in the

areas with little workers and providing the labor protection devices for construction

workers

(4). Impacts due to staying and living of workers in the field

The number of employees working in the field is around 30 people. The process of the

daily worker’s activities cause the impacts on air quality due to the following reasons:

- Odor (NH3, H2S, mercaptan HS-R) generated from domestic wastewater;

- The gas generated by the decomposition of organic waste;

- The odor emanating from the septic tank, the organic waste.

In general, the level of impact on regional air quality due to activities of workers is

negligible and time of impact is short.

(1). Noise impacts from project construction activities

For the project, the construction activities will cause noise pollution, including:

- Leveling for project’s construction (graders, rollers);

- The construction and installation of the central waste water treatment plant

(concrete mixers, trucks, forklifts);

- Landscape and cleaning (bulldozer, bucket back, spreaders, trucks, forklifts).

91

Noise from construction equipment is generally not continuous, depending on the type

of activities and the machinery and equipment used. The machinery and equipment

used in the construction of the individual are considered as point sources.

Specific noise standards for the machinery and equipment used for traffic works "U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency- Noise from construction equipment and

construction machinery NJID, 300.1, 31 - 12-1971 " are presented in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8. Noice levels from machinery and equipment located in 8 m distance from

the construction area

No. Machinery and equipment Noise level (dBA)

The process of leveling and compaction

1 Bulldozers 80

2 Truck 83 – 94

3 Grabs 72 – 93

4 Scaler 80 – 93

Paving process

1 Paver 86 – 88

2 Truck 83 – 94

3 Compactors 74 – 77

Landscape and cleanup

1 Bulldozers 80

2 reverse Bucket 72 – 93

3 Truck 83 – 94

4 Forklift 72 – 84

The process of digging and transporting soil

1 Bulldozers 80

2 Truck 83 – 94

3 Grabs 72 – 93

4 Scaler 80 – 93

Construction

1 Cranes 75 – 77

2 Welder 71 – 82

3 Concrete mixers 74 – 88

4 concrete Pump 81 – 84

5 Concrete vibrator 76

6 Air Compressors 74 – 87

7 Pneumatic tools 81 – 98

8 Bulldozers 80

9 Truck 83 – 94

10 Forklift 72 – 84

11 Paver 86 – 98

12 Punchers 81 – 98

Source: Environmental Protection Commission U.S.

92

From sources that predicted noise levels and noise levels calculated in the recipients

by the following formula:

n

i

Li.1,010lg10L

- L : Is the total noise level;

- Li: is the noise source i;

- n: the total number of noise sources.

Calculated results of the noise level of the source are presented in Table 4.9.

Table 4.9. Calculated results of noise level (dBA) during the construction phase

No. Activity The noise from the construction site

8m (dBA)

01 Activities of ground breaking 85 – 95

02 Excavating and earth moving

construction 86 – 98

03 Construction of buildings 86 – 93

04 Leveling and road works 87 – 96

05 Sprinkle the road surface and

building 88 – 95

06 Landscape and cleanup 89 – 97

During construction, the sound characteristics of noise sources are usually identified at

an altitude of 1.2 to 1.5 m above the road surface at a range of noise sources from r1

(m) already know, usually 8 m for the noise source. The noise level in the range r2> r1

will reduce the noise level in more than one value is approximately r1 L (dB)

according to the following formula:

)dB(lg20L

a1

1

2

r

r

Among them: a system is affected by the topography of the ground to absorb and

reflect noise, with:

- A = - 0.1 with asphalt and concrete;

- A = 0 for bare ground without vegetation;

- A = 0.1 with grazing land.

Results of noise reduction with distance from the source of noise in construction, in

the case of empty ground, no barriers, presented in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10. Calculated noise levels from construction activities

Description of activities

Source

noise

level

(dBA)

Noise levels decrease with distance

(dBA)

32 m 64 m 128 m 256 m

Activities of ground breaking 85 – 95 79 – 89 73 – 83 67 – 77 61 – 71

Excavating and earth moving 86 – 98 80 – 92 74 – 86 68 – 80 62 – 74

93

Description of activities

Source

noise

level

(dBA)

Noise levels decrease with distance

(dBA)

32 m 64 m 128 m 256 m

construction

Construction of buildings 86 – 93 80 – 87 74 – 81 68 – 75 62 – 69

San dress and road works 87 – 96 81 – 90 75 – 84 69 – 78 63 – 72

Sprinkle the road surface and

building

88 – 95 82 – 89 76 – 83 70 – 77 64 – 71

Landscape and cleanup 89 – 97 83 – 91 77 – 85 71 – 79 65 – 73

In our country there were no specified standards for noise levels for construction work

in general. However, according to standards issued for allowable noise level in the

labor workplaces (According to Decision No 3733/2002/BYT-QD) and the maximum

permissible limit of noise in public and residential areas (QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT),

the maximum allowable noise level is 70 dBA in residential areas, private homes,

motels, administrative agencies and the lowest noise level of 45 dBA at hospitals,

libraries, nursing homes, school from 21 pm to 6 am. Maximum noise levels of the

motor vehicles are presented in Table 4.11.

Table 4.11. Noise level of the motor vehicles

No. Type of vehicle Noise level (dBA) QCVN 26:2010

(from 6h to 21h)

01 Trucks 93

70 (dBA) 02 4-stroke motorcycles 94

03 2- stroke motorcycles 80

According to the results of Table 3.6, the maximum noise level of the trucks (93 dBA)

exceeded the allowable standards for residential areas. However, the project is located

within the Industrial Zone with trees and far away from the nearest residential area of

about 100m to the west. Beside that, the time for the project’s construction is short (06

months) so that the level of noise impacts are assessed to be negligible.

(2). Vibration level in the process construction.

The vibration emission characteristics of equipment used in construction are shown in

Table 4.12. This is the source of vibration generated from the operation of equipment

and machinery for the construction works of the wastewater treatment plant.

Table 4.12. Vibration level of a typical construction machinery

No. Activity

Reference vibration level (dB)

10m away from the sources 30m away from the

sources

01 Dredges 80 71

94

02 Bulldozers 79 69

03 Truck freight service 74 64

04 Wheelchairs 82 71

05 Compressors 81 71

Source: Mackernize, 1985.

According to QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT on the vibration acceleration level, the

regulations on the vibration level for the construction activities in the residential areas,

where there are commercial, manufacturing and services and shall not exceed 75 dB.

(3). Assessment of the air pollution impacts

Impacts of air pollutants are shown in Table 4.13.

Table 4.13. The effects of air pollutants

No. Parameter Impact

01 Dust - Respiratory stimulates, lung sclerotherapy, lung cancer;

- Injury to the skin, cornea, digestive diseases.

02 Acid gases

(SOx, NOx).

- Influencing the respiratory system, blood scattered on;

- SO2 poisoning through skin, reducing blood, alkaline reserve;

- Acid rain adversely affect the growth of vegetation and crops;

- To enhance the corrosion, material degradation of concrete and

buildings;

- Bad influence on climate, ecosystems and the ozone layer.

03 Carbon oxide

(CO)

Reducing ability of blood to transport oxygen organizations cells

due to CO combines with hemoglobin-hemoglobin cacboxy.

04 Carbon dioxide

(CO2)

- Causing pulmonary respiratory disorders;

- Causing the greenhouse effect;

- Impact on ecosystems.

05 Hydrocarbons Induction of acute poisoning: debilitating, dizziness, headache,

senses disturbances sometimes fatal.

4.2.1.2. Impacts on the water quality:

The factors causing water pollution during project construction are:

o Domestic wastewater workers;

o Stormwater runoff over the entire area swept by dust, soil, sand, rock, raw

materials such as cement, oil, paint, etc. dropping down to affect the Lòng Tàu

water quality stream.

(1). Impact of domestic waste water by construction workers:

Impact sources on water quality during project construction is mainly due to domestic

waste water of workers. Composition of the major pollutants in domestic waste water

95

include: The solid residue, suspended solids (SS), organic compounds (BOD/COD),

nutrients (N, P) and pathogens (Coliform, E. Coli), which can lead to contamination of

surface water and groundwater if that is not treated.

Domestic wastewater flow is calculated on the basis of the water demand and the

number of workers. According to the construction standards the norms of living water

is 120 liters/person.day. The level of wastewater generated is 96 liters/person/day

(equivalent to about 80% supplied water).

During the project’s construction daily average number of workers can be estimated

about 30 workers. However worker stay at place, therefore all of the construction

workers are not staying at the site so the water level supplied for the worker’s

activities will be less, the amount of the supplied water is estimated about 60

liters/person.day. Thus, the total flow of waste water generated in the process of the

project’s construction is approximately 1.44 m3.

According to statistical calculations, for the developing countries, the pollution factors

per person daily discharging into the environment (when the waste water is untreated)

are shown in Table 4.14.

Table 4.14. Pollution factors for untreated domestic waste waters

No. Pollutants Pollution Factor

(g/person/day)

01 BOD5 45 – 54

02 COD (dicromate) 72 – 102

03 SS 70 – 145

04 NH3 2,4 – 4,8

05 Total nitrogen (N) 6 – 12

06 Total phosphorus (P) 0,8 – 4,0

Source: Rapid Environmental Assessment, WHO, 1993.

Based on the pollution factors estimated by the rapid assessment method, the pollutant

loads generated from domestic wastewater in the construction phase can be predicted

as in table 4.15.

Table 4.15. Estimated pollution loads generated from untreated waste water in the

construction phase

No. Pollutants Load (g/person/day)

01 BOD5 1,35 – 1,62

02 COD (Dicromate) 2,16 – 3,06

03 SS 2,10 –4,35

04 NH3 0,07 – 0,14

05 Total nitrogen (N) 0,18 – 0,36

06 Total phosphorus (P) 0,02 – 0,12

96

The concentrations of pollutants in the waste water are calculated based on the

pollution load, wastewater discharge flow and effectiveness of 3 compartment septic

tanks (the treatment efficiency is about 55-65%), the results are presented in Table

4.16.

Table 4.16. Concentrations of pollutants in waste waters

No. Pollutants

The concentration of pollutants (mg/l)

Untreated Treatment in

septic tanks

QCVN 14:

2008/BTNMT

(Column B2)

01 BOD5 938 – 1.125 375 – 450 60

02 COD (Dicromate) 1.500 – 2.125 600 – 850 -

03 SS 1.458 – 3.021 583 – 1.208 120

04 NH3 50 - 100 20 – 40 12

05 Total nitrogen (N) 125 - 250 50 – 100 -

06 Total phosphorus (P) 17 - 83 7 – 33 -

Note: QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic

wastewater, column B, with K = 1.2.

Comments: Comparing with the regulations shown that, concentrations of the

untreated waste water or wastewater after septic tank treatment are exceeded pollution

regulations. However, all construction workers will use the temporary latrines or

mobile toilets. Thus, the level of domestic wastewater impacts caused by construction

workers is minimized to the lowest level.

(1). Impacts arising from waste water cleaning processes, machinery maintenance

The process of cleaning and maintenance of machinery and equipment in the

construction area will generate a certain amount of wastewater containing organic

matter, suspended solids and oil. Volume and loads of pollutants at each stages are

shown in Table 4.17.

Table 4.17. Pollution concentrations of waste waters arising from the process of

cleaning and maintenance of machinery and equipment in the construction phase

Process arising

Flow

(m3/day)

The pollution concentrations (mg/l)

COD oil and

grease SS

Maintenance of

machinery

1 20 - 30 - 50 - 80

Cleaning machines 50 - 80 1,0 - 2,0 150 - 200

QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT 100 5 100

Source: ENTEC, 2012.

97

Wastewater flow arising from this process is not much, as pollution indicators COD,

SS, oil and grease are lower than the regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT.

(2). Impacts on groundwater quality

The process of construction is generally not greatly affect groundwater resources.

However, the construction process can lower the water level, contaminating the

groundwater surface. In addition, the composition of fuels (gas, oil, organic solvents,

etc.) can leak from the vehicle and the equipment used, the storage warehouses in the

field will swept the rain water into the rivers, then penetrate into the soil causing

groundwater contamination in the project area. In addition, water leaks from concrete

mixing and piles, cleaning equipment can also contaminate the ground water.

(3). Impact due to stormwater runoff

Average flow of rainwater runoff in an area of 01 ha project is estimated to reach 98.6

m3/rainy day (the average rainfall in the project area is 1,800 mm/year, not including

evaporation) and can cause negative effects such as:

- Rain water retention in the soil and wetland projects;

- Rain water swept waste, oil sludge, dirt, rocks etc. down the rivers in the project

area which increase turbidity, surface water pollution and sedimentation.

Estimate of the concentration of pollutants in stormwater runoff through the

implementation of the project area as shown in Table 4.18.

Table 4.18. Estimated concentrations of pollutants in stormwater runoff

Stt Pollutants Units Concentration

1 Total nitrogen (N) mg/l 0,5 -1,5

2 Total phosphorus (P) mg/l 0,004 - 0,03

3 COD mg/l 10 – 20

4 TSS mg/l 10 – 20

Stagnant of rain water may cause the suitable environment for parasitic disease

development. However, this impact will be limited if the project owner to build

sewers and drains to avoid flooding during the rainy season.

4.2.1.3. Impact on land resources and soil quality

Since the project area is located in the land planned for the industrial zone

development of the Dong Nai province so there are no impact on landuse purposes,

whereas it can increase the value of land resource in the planned areas.

During the construction phase, the potential effects caused soil pollution are mainly

fluctuations in the construction area, land disturbance, erosion increase and pollution

impacts caused by domestic and construction wastes.

98

Activities during the construction phase can cause the land disturbance, the impacts on

the soil environment due to soil excavation activities, grading and erosion of the

construction area. With the mentioned above activities, it can see that the impact on

the soil environment during construction is not small, which lead to the terrain change

and the landscape of the construction region.

Impact on soil environment due to worker’s domestic waste, construction wastes and

grease from construction equipment and machinery at the site: During construction,

the construction activities will generate solid waste and waste water from construction

workers' camps; the construction waste or excess losses to the environment during the

construction, oil and grease from automobiles, construction machinery, which cause

the significant impact on soil quality, contaminate the soil if there are no effective

measures implemented.

(1). Impact due to solid waste

During construction, solid wastes will be generated from the construction of the main

works and ancillary works, including cement, bricks, sand, stone, wood, scrap

material and waste (scrap metal, paint, solvents etc.) from the welding work, cutting,

painting or spraying of metal. The concentration of more construction workers can

generate domestic solid waste.

This domestic solid wastes generally contains the organic biodegradable matter

(except packaging, plastic, metal cans).

(2). Impact due to households waste

It is estimated that each worker working in the project area emitted from 0.3 to 0.5 kg

of waste per day. So with 30 officers and employees at the site each day, the total

amount of waste generated during construction of the project is about 9-15 kg /day.

Although the volume of domestic solid waste is not too big, but if no measures

collected and treated properly, the ability to accumulate in time and build more and

more impact on air quality due to decay organic waste and surface water impacts due

to increase of water turbidity, hindering the flow, causing sedimentation. Also

facilitate the pathogenic microorganism growth, and risk arising transmitted disease

affecting the health of workers and further construction of residential areas.

(3). Impacts due to construction waste

During the construction process, the construction solid waste will be generated

including cement, bricks, sand, stone, wood, paper, scrap material spillage.

Solid waste generated during construction was not much. Norm of construction

material losses is presented in Table 4.19.

99

Based on the volume of construction materials one can estimate material losses,

equivalent to the daily average amount of construction waste discharge into the

environment. The construction solid waste consist of inert ingredients. But if it is not

collected, which will affect the construction activities on the site.

(4). Impact of hazardous waste

The hazardous solid wastes include rags grease, glue, paint, paint containers, gasoline,

battery, accumulator with negligible quantity. As some practical experience,

hazardous solid waste occupies about 5% of construction waste, which estimate about

01-02 kg/day. The amount of this waste contains harmful ingredients that can cause

negative impacts on human health and the environment if it is not collected and

properly disposed.

Table 4.19. Loss of construction materials

No. Type of material The loss of the original construction

by weight (%)

01 Yellow sand 2.0

02 Fine sand 2.0

03 Cable types 2,.0

04 Paint 2.0

05 Gravel and stone 2.0

06 Iron and steel 0.5

07 Cement 1.0

08 Wooden sleepers 0.5

09 Panels 3.0

Source: Environmental Technology Center (ENTEC), 2014.

4.2.1.4. The impact on socio-economic development

(1). The beneficial effects

Construction phase of the project could bring a positive impact to the socio-economic

development as follows:

- Mobilizing an idle workforce in the project area;

- Contributing to increasing labour and temporary income for workers;

- Stimulating development of some types of food services, activities, and other

entertainment to cater to the demand of the people living in the project area.

(2). The harmful effects

- The concentration of a construction work force (approximately 30 construction

workers per day) during the construction period may cause negative impacts to the

social order and security in the region;

100

- During construction, number of vehicles going in and out the project area will be

increased. Therefore, increasing the traffic density in the area, leading to increase risk

of traffic accidents;

Therefore, the project owner will take care, arrange the construction plan, mobilize

machinery, vehicles, equipment and techniques in a scientific way and manage road

safety in order to minimize the adverse effects on environmental and socio-economic

conditions.

4.2.1.5. Integrated assessment of the environmental impact caused by the activities

of the project construction phase

The environmental impact caused by the activities of the construction phase of the

project are summarized in Table 4.20.

Table 4.20. Integrated environmental impact assessment in the construction phase

No. Activity assessment

Land Water Air Biological

Resources

Economic

and social

1 Leveling ** * *** ** ***

2 Transportation, gathering,

storage of materials * * *** * **

3 Building WWTP * ** ** ** **

4 Activities of workers in the

field. * ** * * **


Note:

*: Detrimental effects mild;

**: Harmful impact on the average level;

***: Detrimental effects at strong.

4.2.2. Operation Phase

Operating process of the central wastewater treatment plant will give rise to the cause

of environmental pollution: air emissions, waste water and solid waste (hazardous and

non-hazardous) with scale and different components, which are specifically evaluated

as follows:

4.2.2.1. Impact on air environment

(1). Air emissions from transportation activities

Activity of transport, passenger transport chemicals, sewage sludge and garbage out

on the project will generate dust emissions, SOx, NOx, CO, THC,..

According to estimates, the number of vehicles to transport chemicals (about 3

tons/day), and sewage sludge (about 1.5 to 2 tons/day) average vehicle about 2

101

times/day (average weight per truck use of 3.5 tons). Average transport distance for

each vehicle turns within the Industrial Zone about 1km.

According to the report "Research on control measures of air pollution in the road

traffic in Ho Chi Minh City "shows average fuel consumption of 0.3 liters of diesel

vehicles/km.

Characteristics of the types of vehicles that are using diesel oil fuel. It is estimated that

the total amount of oil used for transportation activities as the project moved into

operation about 0.6 liters/day. Based on the coefficient of pollution World Health

Organization (WHO) set up for transport vehicles using diesel oil fuel, the load from

3.5 to 16.0 tons, can estimate the total load of pollutants in emissions arising from the

transport process of the project in operation is shown in Table 4.21.

Table 4.21. Estimated loads and concentrations of exhaust air emission pollutants

generated from the transportation means

No. Pollutants

Pollution

coefficient

(kg/kg of

fuel)

Pollution

load

(kg/day)

Concentration

(mg/m3/1h)

QCVN

05:2013/BTNMT

(mg/m3/1h)

01 Dust 0,0043 0,0022 8 0,3

02 SO2 0,005 0,0026 9 0,35

03 NO2 0,07 0,0357 133 0,3

04 CO 0,014 0,0071 27 30

05 THC 0,004 0,0020 8 5(*)

Note:

- Total fuel use is 0.6 liters/day;

- Sulfur content in the oil is 0.25%;

- Save emissions: When the engine is burning 01 kg of fuel gas generated 22 m3;

- Density of DO oil: 1 liter = 0.85 kg diesel oil diesel oil;

- The total volume of diesel oil used: 0.51 kg/h;

- Total emissions arising from transport: 11.2 m3;

- QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on ambient air

quality;

- (*)QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on hazardous

substances in the ambient air.

Comment:

Concentrations of pollutants in emissions arising from the transport vehicle at the

table at 5:21 is the result of emission sources (vehicle exhaust). Therefore, when

102

released into the surrounding environment pollutants concentration is much lower, due

to be reduced by environmental factors such as the absorption capacity of trees,

thinning etc. Thus, the level of resources that impact was minimized.

(2). Vapours

Vapours in the operational phase of major projects arising from the pumping, mixing

chemicals. Due to the use of chemicals NaOH, H2SO4 and liquid chlorine should be

pumping process can cause losses. However, the process of pumping, mixing

chemicals made secret, should not affect the environment significantly. Forecast

evaporation rate of about 0.05 to 0.1%, or about 0.2 to 0.5 kg/day.

(3). Aerosols, odors from the process

Wastewater treatment plant was found to be the arising of aerosols can spread by wind

within a few tens to a few hundred meters. In aerosols, people often encounter

bacteria, mold etc. and they could be pathogens or cause allergies inhalation, by skin

contact.

The formation of aerosols affect air quality around the area of the wastewater

treatment plant. For the CWTP, aerosol emission sources mainly from the tank and an

aerobic conditioning. According to a study of air quality around the wastewater

treatment plant, the density of airborne bacteria in the wastewater treatment plant is

presented in table 4.22.

Table 4.22. Bacterial density in the air at the wastewater treatment plant

No Bacteria Value

(CFU/m3)

Mean

(CFU/m3)

1 Total bacteria 0 - 1.290 168

2 E.Coli 0 - 240 24

3 Intestinal Bacteria and other

species

0 - 160 145

4 Mushrooms 0 - 40 16

Source: 7th International conference on Environmental Science and Technology –

Ermoupolis, Bioaerosol formation near wastewater treatment facilities, 2001.

Comment:

The odor from the treatment tank arises mainly from the tank as the conditioned tank,

Aerotank, compressed mud tank, aeration tank. However, this odor is only temporary

in nature, arising from the period of trial operation of the station.

Aerotank bubbles arising from an aeration tank bottom and the steam carries bacteria,

the bubbles generated mainly during adaptation, even when stable operation is not a

significant amount of foam.

103

Fifty households are living in the Northest that far from 500m of CETP, the distance

between households is large. In addition, Ong Keo IZ is influenced by two main wind

directions: Northeast in the dry season and Southwest in the rainy season. However,

CETP is located at the downwind, so the impact of odors and sol gas effect to fifty

households is negligible. Diagrams on CETP’s location and the nearest residential

area as well the prevailing wind direction are shown in Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1. The main wind direction affects CETP

(4). The effects of air pollutants

In addition to the effects of air pollutants are shown in Table 4.23, as described above,

notably the impact of 02 key pollutants during operation of the project are: methane,

hydrogen sulfide.

(a). Methane (CH4)

Methane gas is colorless, odorless and extremely flammable (explosive limit of 5 -

15% volume in air). The effect of methane on the environment and humans are shown

in Table 4.23.

Table 4.23. Impacts of methane on the environment and human health

No. Subjects Impact

1

Impact on

environmental

quality

As a greenhouse gas, 23 times higher than CO2

2 Impact on human Methane is present in high concentrations in the

Residential communities

Southwest direction on rain season

North East direction on dry season

104

No. Subjects Impact

health atmosphere will become of asphyxiation. Quality

asphyxiation replaces oxygen in the air and can cause

symptoms of oxygen deficiency. When the oxygen

concentration in the air from:

- 12-16%: Makes breathing and heart rate increases

and slight muscle contraction.

- 10-14%: disruptors and respiratory sensation,

unusual fatigue, respiratory disorders.

- 6-20%: May cause nausea and vomiting, loss of

motor skills, may be unconscious.

- Greater than 6%: Causes seizures, shortness of

breath, respiratory possible and die.

Source: Environmental Technology Center (ENTEC), 2013

(b). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S):

Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless gas that smells of rotten eggs; toxic and extremely

flammable (explosive limit from 4.3 to 46% by volume in air). The effects of H2S on

the environment and humans are shown in Table 4.24.

Table 4.24. Impact of hydrogen sulfide on the environment and human health

No. Subjects Impact

1

Impact on

environment

The substance is toxic to aquatic species.

- Combined with water vapor in the atmosphere SO2

converted to form acid rain.

2

Impact on

human health

Acute: Acute toxicity H2S in the following concentrations:

- From 0.01 to 0.3 ppm: can recognize by smell.

- 1-20 ppm: odor can smell nausea, watery eyes, headache

lasts.

- 20 - 50ppm: irritation of nose, throat and lungs, digestive

disorders, loss of appetite, loss of sense of smell begins,

can cause acute conjunctivitis.

- 100 - 200ppm: irritation of nose, throat and lungs serious,

completely lost their sense of smell.

- 250-500 ppm: it cause edema (fluid in the lungs plays).

- 500 - 1000ppm: Respiratory Paralysis, rhythm disorders

and death within hours.

- Greater than 1000 ppm: quick death.

- Chronic poisoning:

- Reduced lung function.

- Neurological effects: headaches, nausea, fatigue.

105

No. Subjects Impact

- Irritating to eyes and mucous membranes.

- Damage to heart.

Source: Environment Technology Center (ENTEC), May 12/2013.

(5). The impact of physical factors in the work environment:

(1). Noise Pollution:

During the operational phase of the project, noise arising from sources such as pumps,

compressors, generators. The noise level generated relatively frequent and continuous

higher (average 80-85 dBA). Also, depending on the operational life cycle of

equipment, the local noise can be> 90dBA exceeds permitted standards in production.

The frequent exposure to 80 dBA noise source above to inhibit the central nervous

system, causing fatigue state of discomfort and reduce labor productivity, leading to

accidents.

(2). Thermal pollution balance:

Normally on hot days the temperature in the region of the central wastewater

treatment plant often allow higher standards from 1 - 30C (Interim Provisions of the

Ministry of Health - 505 BYT/QD dated 13.04.1992: 18 - 320C) .

4.2.2.2. Impact on the water environment

The source of water pollution in the operational phase of the project is defined as:

wastewater from domestic activities of operators and stormwater runoff over the entire

project area, wastewater from the central wastewater treatment plant.

(1). Domestic wastewater

Essential components of the contaminants causing waste water including impurities,

suspended solids (SS), organic compounds (BOD/COD), nutrients (N, P) and harmful

bacteria.

When the project is put into operation stability, estimated the total number of

employees is 05 persons. If the average 1 per day plant employees use 120 liters of

water, the waste water flow of the project is about 0.5 m3 (water flow for 80% of

water use).

Based on the coefficient of pollution each daily activities into the environment

(without treatment) by the World Health Organization (WHO) set up as shown in

Table 4.24, can predict pollutant load wastewater generated from operating activities

of workers in Table 4.25.

106

Table 4.25. Estimated pollution loads in untreated waste water in the project's

operation phase

No. Pollutants Load (kg/day)

Tải lượng trung bình(kg/ngày)

Limit Average

01 BOD5 0.180 - 0.216 0.198

02 COD 0.288 - 0.408 0.348

03 TSS 0.280 - 0.580 0.430

04 Oil and grease 0.040 - 0.120 0.080

05 Total nitrogen(N) 0.024 - 0.048 0.036

06 Ammonia (N-NH4) 0.001 - 0.019 0.014

07 Total phosphorus (P) 0.003 - 0.016 0.010

Based on the pollutant load (kg/day) and water flow (m3/day) can calculate the

concentration of pollutants in waste water as shown in Table 4.26.

Table 4.26. Concentrations of pollutants in the waste water treatment plant

No Pollutants

The concentration of pollutants (mg/l)

No treatment Treatment in

septic tanks

QCVN

14:2008/BTNMT

, column B, K=

1,2

01 pH - - 5 – 9

02 BOD5 495 198 60

03 COD 870 348 -

04 TSS 1.075 430 120

05 Oil and grease 200 80 24

06 Total nitrogen (N) 90 36 -

07 Ammonium

(N-NH4) 36 14,4 12

08 Total phosphorus 24 9,6 -

Note:

QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater,

apply column B with K = 1.2.

Comment:

Compared with QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (apply column B with coefficient K = 1.2)

showed that the concentration of pollutants after treatment with 3-compartment septic

tank (processing efficiency of about 60-70 %) are higher than standards allow.

However, during project operation, domestic wastewater after treatment area through

107

septic tanks will be collected on the station's processing system of the central

wastewater treatment plant.

(2). Stormwater runoff

Stormwater runoff through the project will be carried away by the sand, garbage, oil,

grease and other contaminants spilled on the ground and stick on the roof, tanks, water

to spread out. If rainfall is not well managed will cause negative impacts to surface

water, groundwater and aquatic life in the area. Estimate the concentration of

pollutants in the average stormwater runoff as follows:

- Suspended solids (SS): 10-30 mg/l;

- Chemical oxygen demand (COD): 10-20 mg/l;

- Total Nitrogen (N): 0.5 to 1.5 mg/l;

- Phosphorus (P): from 0.004 to 0.03 mg/l.

Thus, compared with other emission sources, stormwater runoff is relatively clean.

Therefore, the drainage system will be totally separated from the sewage system, the

system through manholes, but the trash before running the external environment

through the drainage system of the industrial zone.

(3). Wastewater Treatment Plant

Wastewater generated by the operation of the central wastewater treatment plant

multiple sources including:

- Separated from the waste water treatment sludge, scum and grease: Major

component contains suspended sediment, bacteria and other pollutants;

- Water hygiene: washing pumping equipment, chemical tank, filter cleaning,

floor cleaning,... This kind of waste water can be contaminated by oil, though

the amount is not significant;

- All waste water is collected and brought back to the station's tanks of the

central wastewater treatment plant.

(4). The impact of pollutants in wastewater

Wastewater generated from the operation of the project containing pollutants such as

suspended solids (SS), organic matter (COD/BOD), nutrients (total N, total P), the

metal seriously pathogenic microorganisms, toxic chemicals .... other polluting agents

are different, the level of impact is also different, as follows:

a). For pH:

The pH of water is too high (> 8) or too low (<6) will lose self-cleaning ability of the

receiving water, due to the beneficial microbes in the water inhibited viability. The pH

of water is too low or too high will increase the mobility of metal ions in the water,

108

the stronger the activation of ion will easily react with other substances to create a

beneficial product for aquatic life.

(a). For temperature:

Water temperature plays an important role in the biochemical processes, changes in

water temperature can affect the influence of dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) in

water is also affected by temperature decide which species survive and develop

advantages in aquatic ecosystems.

(b). For organic compounds:

The organic matter in the wastewater is mainly carbohydrates. This is easily oxidized

compounds by microorganisms using oxygen dissolved in the water. This factor

reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water (DO) in the water. If you

DO <5 will hamper the development of the aquatic ecosystem. On the other hand,

waste water containing organic compounds as long stagnation of the environment will

generate unpleasant odor caused by organic compounds with anaerobic digestion.

(c). For suspended solids:

The suspended solids discharged into the environment as part of water will float to the

surface creating a scum layer, preventing the diffusion of oxygen and light

transmission in water, increase water turbidity sensory loss. On the other hand, a result

of sediment settle to the bottom.

(d). For nutrients:

The nutrients in the aquatic environment is highly conducive environment for algae

growth, causing eutrophication of water resources (water bloom). At the end of the

process of eutrophication, algae die will increase the concentration of organic matter

in the water, affecting water quality and aquatic life.

(e). For heavy metals:

Most heavy metals are toxic to humans and animals. The heavy metal commonly

found in industrial effluents, such as Pb, Hg, Cr, Cd, As:

- Pb: Pb likely to accumulate in vivo long-term, heavy metal Pb is highly toxic

and may be fatal if severe poisoning. Pb reduced ability to synthesize glucose

and pyruvate metabolism, increases the excretion of glucose in urine. 50%

lethal concentration (LC50 96 h) of lead salt for fish is 1-27 mg/l (in soft water)

and 440-550 mg/l (in hard water). The organic compounds Pb toxicity than

from 10-100 times higher than for inorganic Pb species;

- Hg: Hg metal can be made in the form of salt ions, Hg is present in organic

compounds, mercury is used in agriculture (fungicides) and in industry (for

109

electrodes). Hg in the aquatic environment can be absorbed into the aquatic

body, especially the kind of river invertebrates. Fish also absorbed and

metabolized into methyl mercury Mercury;

- As: As the heavy metals can exist in many forms of inorganic and organic

substances. As a highly toxic substance, the ability to accumulate a long and

potentially carcinogenic;

- Cr: heavy metal Cr is highly toxic to humans and animals. High toxicity of

Cr6+, Cr3+ than. According to WHO allows maximum chromium

concentrations in drinking water is 0.05 mg/l;

- Cd: Cd heavy metal is highly toxic to humans and aquatic life. Kidney is the

most vulnerable, Cd concentrations harmful renal threshold of 20 g/l.

(f). For phenol:

Phenol and phenol derivatives in wastewater of some industries such as manufacturing

perfume, cosmetics etc. The phenolic compounds make water smell and also harms

the aquatic ecosystem and human health, a number of phenol derivatives have the

potential to cause cancer.

According to WHO levels of 2,4-trichlcphenol and pentachlorophenol in drinking

water not exceed 10 g/l.

(g). For grease:

Grease being discharged into the water will spill over the water forming oil film, a

water-soluble fraction in the water or in the form of emulsions. Oily residue settles

down to rivers and streams will accumulate in sediment. Grease is not only difficult

hydrocarbon compounds biodegradable, but also contain harmful additives such as

derivatives of phenol, water pollution, negative impacts to aquatic life including both

fish and affect water supply purposes, aquaculture. When the oil content in the water

is higher than 0.2 mg/l water odor can not be used for food purposes.

Oil pollution caused depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water, leading to reduced

self-cleaning ability of the water by killing plankton organisms, benthos engage in

self-cleaning process.

When the oil content in water from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/l will reduce yield and quality of the

fish. Standard Oil in water fish do not exceed 0.05 mg/l, dissolved oxygen standard

is> 4 mg O2/l. Sulfur-rich oil pollution can kill fish if Na2S in water content reaches 3

- 4 mg/l. Some sensitive species may be killed as soon as Na2S concentrations less

than 1 mg/l.

In addition, the domestic oil will be converted into other compounds toxic to humans

and aquatic life such as phenol, chlorine derivatives of phenol. Standard phenol to

give living water is 0.001 mg/l, tolerance of fish is 10-15 mg/l.

110

4.2.2.3. The impact to soil

(1). Solid waste impact during operation of the central wastewater treatment plant

Solid wastes during project operation mostly packaging waste, packaging and

chemical waste container in the central wastewater treatment plant, but waste from

sewage, sewage sludge from the tank etc. The volume of solid waste during project

operation are listed as follows:

- Packaging and storage of chemicals (hazardous wastes): 15-20 kg/day;

- Sludge from the central wastewater treatment plant about 1.5 to 2 tons/day;

(1). Solid waste activities

With the number of operators in the central wastewater treatment plant is 05 people,

with the emission factor is 0.3 to 0.5 kg /person /day estimated volume of solid waste

activities range from 1.5 to 2.5 kg/days.

Solid waste workers' activities mainly biodegradable organic matter and biological

fraction of paper, glass, metal,... will be collected in containers at the central

wastewater treatment plant then collected with waste of the entire industrial zone. The

amount of solid waste dosmetic are company rent functional units collected,

transported and treatment prescribed.

(2). The impact of solid waste

Domestic solid wastes such as plastic, metal, nylon ... when released into the

environment will be difficult to biodegrade, causing accumulation in soil, water,

aesthetic loss, affecting transportation. In the long run, these substances will

decompose generating inorganic compounds, organic toxic etc. pollution of land,

water, affecting the growth of microorganisms on land and water.

The process of decomposing waste generated gases cause bad smelling (H2S,

mercaptans), impact to regional air quality, affect people's health in surrounding areas.

In addition, hazardous waste if not collected, managed and appropriate treatment will

also affect the environment and human health.

4.2.2.4. Integrated assessment of environmental impacts during project operation

The impact on the environment during the operational phase has been studied in the

central wastewater treatment plant, analyze and evaluate detailed above, can be

evaluated by the method of synthetic matrix environment without weights as shown in

Table 4.27.

Table 4.27. Summary of integrated environmental impacts in the operation phase

111

No. Origin impact Land Water Air Biological

Resources

Economic

and social

01 Emissions * * *** * **

02 Wastewater * *** * *** **

03 Solid waste and hazardous wastes *** * ** * **

04 Thermal pollution * * ** * *

05 Noise pollution and vibration * * ** * ***

06 Environmental incidents ** ** *** ** **

Note:

- *: Less harmful effects;

- **: Harmful impact on the average level;

- ***: Detrimental effects at strong.

4.2.3. Risk and Accident Impacts

4.2.3.1. During the construction phase

(1). Work accidents

Overall, accidents can occur at any stage of the construction project. The cause of the

accident cases work on the construction site are:

- Environmental pollution can cause fatigue, dizziness, or fainting while workers

labor;

- Installation works, execution and process materials transport vehicle density,

higher can cause accidents, traffic accidents, ...

- Accidents due to the negligence of workers, lack of protective equipment, or

due to lack of awareness about the strict compliance with safety rules of

construction workers.

Investors will be interested in the application of measures to ensure the safety of

workers.

(1). Explosion Incident

Fire Incidents can occur in the case of transportation and storage of fuels, or due to the

lack of safe temporary power supply system, causing loss of life and property during

construction. Maybe the reason determined as follows:

- The fuel storage resources for temporary construction (gasoline, diesel oil, fuel

oil, paint, glue ...) are possible sources of ignition. When problems occur that

can cause serious damage to the economy and the environment;

- Temporary power supply system for the machinery, construction equipment

malfunction can cause electrocution, shock, fire ... economic damages or

accidents to workers;

- The use of heating equipment during construction (heating, asphalt, soldering

...) can cause fire, burns or accidents if no preventive measures.

112

- Due to the circumstances of this incident can happen at any time, so investors

will adopt measures to prevent, control efficient to minimize the negative

impact.

(2). Traffic accidents

Traffic accident risk occurred in the construction process, damage to property and

lives. The cause may be due to transportation is not guaranteed by the technical or

non-compliance with the control of traffic safety rules. This incident was entirely

preventable by checking the technical condition of transport and communication to

raise awareness observance of traffic rules by drivers and transport workers.

(3). The risk of subsidence collapsed during the construction works

The process of construction of earthwork construction solid waste burial pit potential

subsidence risks collapsed buildings. When incidents occur, not only harmful effects

on the environment and also threatens human lives.

Incidents landslides during the rainy season may occur during excavation, foundation

construction of tanks.

4.2.3.2. During the operation phase

(1). Work accidents

- Work accidents can occur during operation at the central wastewater treatment

plant. The main cause of accidents is:

- The observance of safety rules and poor labours.

- The carelessness of workers in the process control machinery, equipment and

vehicles;

- Health status of workers are not well lead to fall asleep at work or due to

overwork.

(1). Leaking fuel and raw material

Leaking fuel, liquid or gas chemicals will affect human health, impact on flora and

fauna. Leaks can lead to accidents that cause fire, explosion, oil spills, chemical spills

etc.. causing major economic damage - social as well as ecological systems in the

region and surrounding areas.

(2). Fire Incidents by storing fuel chemical

Fire Incidents can occur in the case of transportation and storage of fuel or electric

shock, causing loss of life and property of the business and residential communities

around. It is possible to identify the source of ignition is as follows:

113

- The storage of fuel (gasoline, diesel oil, fuel oil, natural gas ...), the storage of

chemicals (paints, glues, varnishes ...);

- Transformers, Power Supply System in the central wastewater treatment plant.

Investors will apply the integrated measures to prevent and timely rescue incidents to

minimize the negative impact on the environment.

(3). The fixed stations cessation in the central wastewater treatment plant

Incidents in the central wastewater treatment plant suspended operations may occur

due to the station's equipment such as pumps, agitators, chemical plant lit ...

discontinued operations (due to malfunction or power failure). The other reason is

because the operators did not ensure that digital organisms are killed, the station must

suspend operations of the central wastewater treatment plant to culture the bacteria.

The central wastewater treatment plant suspended operations will cause a large

amount of stagnant water, untreated, can cause environmental pollution.

This problem can be prevented by regularly checking the technical condition of the

equipment is operating; replaced promptly repair damaged machinery, workers are

fully trained technicians. In addition, investors will invest in the construction works of

the central wastewater treatment plant

4.2.4. Socio-economic impacts

4.2.4.1. Construction phase of the project

- The concentration of a construction work force (approximately 30 construction

workers per day) during the construction period may cause negative impacts to

the social order and security in the region;

- During construction, the project to build the car turn into the school will

increase. Therefore, increasing the density of traffic in the area, leading to an

increased risk of traffic accidents.

Therefore, the project owner will care, construction layout plan, mobilize machinery,

vehicles, equipment and techniques in a scientific way and road safety management in

order to minimize the adverse effects on environmental and socio-economic

conditions.

4.2.4.2. Operation phase of the project

(1). The positive impact

When the central waste water treatment plant with capacity of 3,000 m3/day at Ong

Keo Industrial Zone going into operation will contribute to socio-economic

development, as follows:

114

- Wastewater treatment at QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT column A, Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9

contribute to the protection of surface water in the water stream;

- Operation of the project will create jobs, generate income stability for workers,

poverty contributing to erosion, improve the environment, improve the educational

level of the people.

(1). The negative impact

Along with the benefits of economic growth - social, the project will also cause a

number of negative effects, such as changing living conditions, increased activity of

mosquitoes because of the treatment tank.

4.2.5. Cumulative impacts

Long Tau river is the water body, which receive wastewaters from Ong Keo IZ.

According to the local authority, Long Tau river water is not used for domestic

purposes, so the quality of wastewater being discharged into the stream basin to reach

the standard QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT column B, corresponding to Kq = 0,9 and Kf

depending on the actual amount of emissions per unit discharge (Based on Annex 1 of

Decision No. 16/2010/QD-UBND dated 19 March 2010 on environmental zoning to

the surface waters receiving industrial effluents). When the central wastewater

treatment plant of Ong Keo Industrial Zone - Phase 1 discharge with an average

largest wastewater flow of 6,000 m3/day. With effluent discharge permit of

3,000m3/day, the central wastewater treatment plant was achieved QCVN 40:2011/

BTNMT, column B, Kq = 0.9; Kf = 0.9, so it is in accordance with the conditions of

discharging wastewater into water sources.

However, the discharge of wastewater into water sources Ong Keo Industrial Zone-

Phase 1 (module 1) will have an impact on water quality, flow of Long Tau river. Due

to the station's wastewater flow from the central wastewater treatment plant of Ong

Keo Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1) is small compared to the flow stream and

treated to meet the national technical regulations on the environment before discharge

to the receiving water the impact is negligible.

To assess the cumulative impacts to the operation of treatment plants discharge

wastewater concentration of Ong Keo Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1) for water

in river, we will evaluate the ability of the receiving of Long Tau river streams

receiving wastewater from the central wastewater treatment plant of Ong Keo

Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1). The evaluation will follow 02/2009/TT-BTNMT

Circular dated 03.19.2009 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Regulations to assess the possibility of getting effluent water.

Wastewater from the waste water treatment of Ong Keo Industrial Zone - Phase 1

(module 1) is treated with the central wastewater treatment plant of Ong Keo

Industrial Zone - Phase 1 (module 1) at QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National Technical

115

Regulation on waste water industry (column B), Kq = 0.9, Kf = 0.9 when released into

the Long Tau river.

Limit values of pollutants in the Long Tau river are presented in the following table

4.28:

Table 4.28. Limit values of water pollutants in Long Tau river

Parameters BOD COD TSS Amoni Pb Fe Total oil

grease

Ctc limit values (mg /l) 25 50 100 1 0,05 2 0,3

Note: The limit value determined by Ctc QCVN 08:2008 /BTNMT, Column B2.

4.2.5.1. Maximum pollution load

Maximum pollution load can receive water for contaminants is calculated by the

following formula:

Ltd = (Qs + Qt) x Ctc x 86,4

Among them:

- Ltd: maximum pollution load of water for contaminants;

- Q: discharge of Long Tau river, Q = 43.11 m3/s (Decision 16/2010/QD-UBND dated

19/3/2010 of PPC to the Partitioning the water environment present to receive

industrial effluents);

- Qt: Wastewater Flow, Qt = 0.034 m3/s (up WWTP of Ong Keo Industrial Zone -

Phase 1 (module 1);

- 86.4 is the conversion factor from the first unit (m3/s) x (mg/l) to (kg/day).

- Results calculated maximum pollution load can receive water for contaminants is

presented in the following table.

Table 4.29. Maximum pollution load which can be received by water body.

Parameters BOD COD SS Amoni Pb Fe Total oil

grease

Qs + Qt

(m3/s) 43.14 43.14 43.14 43.14 43.14 43.14 43.14

Ctc (mg/l) 25 50 100 1 0.05 2 0.3

Ltd (kg/day) 93,182.4 186,364.8 372,729.6 3,727.3 186.4 7,454.6 1,118.2

4.2.5.2. Load pollutant available

Load pollutant sources available in the host country is calculated using the formula:

Ln = Qs x Cs x 86.4

Among them:

- Ln: pollution load available in the receiving water;

116

- Qs: Discharge of Long Tau river, Q = 43.11 m3/s (Decision 16/2010/QD-UBND

dated 19/3/2010 of Dong Nai province about Partitioning the water environment

present to receive industrial effluents);

- Cs: the maximum value of the concentration of pollutants in water before receiving

water;

- 86.4 is the conversion factor from the first unit (m3/s) x (mg /l) to (kg/day).

Results calculated pollutant load sources available in the host country are presented in

the following table.

Table 4.30. Calculated results of pollutant loads, which are available in the receiving

water body


grease

Qs (m3/s) 43.11 43.11 43.11 43.11 43.11 43.11 43.11

Cs (mg/l) 23.73 102 230 0.4 0.004 0.9 1.67

Ln (kg/day) 88,387.2 379,919.8 856,681.9 1,489.9 14.9 3,352.2 6,220.3

Note: Cs is the average value of the analysis results of Long Tau river water quality

made by investor at June, 2014.

4.2.5.3. Load of the discharge of pollutants from sources

Load of the discharge of pollutants from the source to the receiving water is calculated

using the formula:

Lt = Qt x Ct x 86.4

Among them:

- Lt: Load emission sources of pollution;

- Qt: Wastewater Flow, Qt = 0.034 m3/s;

- Ct: the maximum value of the concentration of pollutants in waste water;

- 86.4 is the conversion factor from the first unit (m3/s) x (mg/l) to (kg/day).

Load calculation results from the discharge of pollutants into receiving water bodies

are shown in the following table.

Table 4.31. Calculated results of the pollution load from Ong Keo Industrial Zone

discharging into the Long Tau river


grease

Qt (m3/s) 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.023 0.023

Ct (mg/l) 40.50 121.50 81.00 8.10 0.41 4.05 8.10

Lt (kg/day) 118.97 356.92 237.95 23.79 1.19 11.90 23.79

Note:

117

Ct: concentration of treated wastewater taken from Ong Keo Industrial Zone, which

equal the maximum concentrations of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, kq = 0.9, kf = 0.9,

column B.

4.2.5.4. Capacity to receive emissions sources of Long Tau river

The ability to recognize pollution load of Long Tau river is calculated by the

following formula:

Ltn = (Ltd - Ln - Lt) x Fs

Among them:

Ltn: Absorption capacity of the pollutant load Long Tau river (kg/day);

Ltd: maximum load of pollutants to water pollutants (kg/day);

Ln: pollution load available in the receiving water (kg/day);

Lt: Download the source of pollution emissions (kg/day);

Fs: safety factor, Fs = 0.3 to 0.7, Fs = 0.5 chosen.

Absorption capacity of Long Tau receiving wastewater after Ong Keo Industrial Zone

are presented in the following table.

Table 4.32. Carrying capacity of Long Tau river receiving the treated wastewater

discharging from Ong Keo Industrial Zone

Parameter BOD COD SS Amoni Pb Fe Total oil

grease Ltd (kg/day) 93,182.40 186,364.80 372,729.60 3,727.30 186.36 7,454.59 1,118.19

Ln (kg/day) 88,387.23 379,919.81 856,681.92 1,489.88 14.90 3,352.23 6,220.26

Lt (kg/day) 118.97 356.92 237.95 23.79 1.19 11.90 23.79

Ltn(kg/day) 2,338.10 (96,955.96) (242,095.13) 1,106.81 85.14 2,045.23 (2,562.93)

Comment: Long Tau river after receiving wastewater from Ong Keo Industrial Zone

still have the receiving capacity for BOD, Amoni, Pb, Fe. Therefore, Long Tau river

can still receive the wastewater from Ong Keo Industrial Zone.

4.3. COMMENT ON THE RELIABILITY OF THE USED EIA METHODS

The level of detail, reliability of the methods used are given in Table 4.33.

Table 4.33. Summary of the reliability of the used EIA methods

No. Method Reliability Cause

01 Statistical Methods Migh Based on official statistics of the

province.

118

No. Method Reliability Cause

02

The method of field

sampling and laboratory

analysis

High

- Equipment for sampling and

analysis of new and modern

- Based on standard sampling

methods

03

Rapid assessment method

by using pollution factor

established by WHO in

1993

Medium

Based on the coefficient of pollution

World Health Organization set up is

not really consistent with the

conditions of Vietnam

04 Comparison method High The analytical results have high

reliability

05 The method of checklist and

matrix Medium

The method evaluates only semi-

quantitative or qualitative, based on

the subjective evaluation

06 Modeling method High Calculation results are high reliability

07 Public consultation method High

Based on the opinion of the

Fatherland Front Union and People

Committee of commune


EIA report for the project "Investment in the construction of the central waste water

treatment plant with capacity of 3,000 m3/day" of Ong Keo IZ, Tin Nghia Corporation

have prepared by an investor with the advice of the Environment Technology Center

(ENTEC) within Vietnam Association of Conservation of Nature and Environment

(VACNE). With many years experience in EIA, ENTEC have fully assessed with the

necessary reliability on impacts of the proposed projects and feasible measures to limit

the harmful effects.

Besides the data resources, reference, the Corporation also receive the consultation of

the People's Committee and the Fatherland Front Union at the project site, therefore,

the impact assessment presented in the report meet the actual requirements of the local

authorities.

However, the some assessments of the EIA report are also qualitative or semi-

quantitative due to there is not enough information, detailed data for quantitative

assessment.

119

CHƯƠNG 5 MITIGATION MEASURES OF THE NEGATIVE

ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT

5.1. LAND CLEARANCE PHASE

CETP has been built on industrial land based on land acquisition/resettlement plan was

implemented through the Decision approved by the People’s Committee of Dong Nai

province (Decision No. 3481/QD-UBND) dated 22 October 2008 in which land acquisition

carried out by the Center for Land Fund Development of Nhon Trach District commenced in

2008. Therefore, the construction works do not affect the structure of land-use. Nhon

Trach District People’s Committee land handed over to Tin Nghia Company. Therefore,

land clearance phase almost does not impact to environment as well as local

residential.

5.2. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

5.2.1. Air pollution control

During the construction phase, rock excavation, transport vehicles and construction

equipment are major sources of air pollution. The following counter measures are

implemented to mitigate the impact of air pollution, noise and vibration.

5.2.1.1. Air pollution control

Implementation the target minimize air pollution, investors proposes to apply the

following measures:

- To only use the registered vehicles, which has met the standards and

regulations on air emissions

- High amount of dusts are generated by the intense traffics of construction

materials transports, which may seriously affect air quality in the region.

Therefore, the need to maintain water spray 2 times/day at the construction site,

surrounding the transport route and gathering of materials, machinery,

construction entrances, dumping area and traffic hubs . This reduce the loose

dust, soil sand which can be dispersed by wind into the air (especially during

the dry season in the sunny and windy days);

- Cover the top of the transport equipment, construction materials storage sites

and rinsed through before leaving the site;

- Planning schedule to avoid transport during sensitive hours (e.g.: peak hours,

mid-night). Regulating the speed for vehicles (<30km/h) to minimize noise

120

generation, especially when passing through residential areas during such

hours;

- To carry maintenance on vehicles and construction equipment to acquire valid

inspection certificate, and minimize noise, vibration and emissions arising out.

- To organize the traffic in and out the construction site in accordance with

regulation of MONRE.

- Provide temporary covers (e.g., tarpaulins, grass, etc.) on long term materials

stockpiles.

- Vehicles has been provided temporary covers (e.g., tarpaulins, grass, etc.) and

cleaned before go out construction sites.

- To minimize the dust pollution caused by the transportation of materials and

equipment to residential, the project also upgrade and build transportation

routes to and from the project area;

- The machines are regularly maintained, runs well with the valid inspection

certificate, which allow participating in the construction.

- Do not incinerate wastes in the project area.

Noise pollution and vibrations control

The construction areas have intense traffics and construction equipment activities

(such as rollers, bulldozers, excavators, cranes, excavators etc.). This generates high

levels of noise and vibrations affecting on surrounding environment. To minimize the

effects of noise and vibrations from vehicles and machinery, the following counter-

measures are carried out:

- Do not use old vehicles, construction machines, which are not licensed by the

Registration Stations and generate noise and vibrations above allowable limits;

- To thoroughly comply with the standards and maintenance schedules to reduce

air pollution.

- To regulate the speed of vehicles and machinery, which operating within the

construction area to less than 5km/h;

- For the machines with high noise levels, such as excavators, compressors,

excavator etc. noise isolation devices will be installed. When excessive noises

can't be avoided, appropriate noise protection gears (helmet, ear plug) will be

enforced surrounding the area.

- Do not exceed freight tonnage regulations;

- Check the level of noise, vibration during construction, thereby setting the

appropriate schedule to achieve noise levels, vibration as permitted by

regulations QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT;

121

- Avoid the intensive use of heavy machines in the same time and space which

may cause resonance of noise and vibration;

5.2.2. Water pollution control

- During the construction phase, generated wastewater will be not directly

discharged into the Bang canal in the project area. Construction unit will

construct water pits for sludge and sediment treatment;

- The types of wastewater generated during the construction of the central

wastewater treatment plant are collected and treated before discharging into the

environment. Project investors will closely manage and monitor the contractors

to ensure no wastewater will be discharged directly into the regional surface

and groundwater;

- To construct the temporary wastewater treatment (i.e. septic tank) or arrange 2-

3 portable toilets for construction workers, and solid waste storage area

- Only use biodegradable chemical that non-toxic to the environment. The waste

water containing chemicals, oil and grease are collected and thoroughly treated

to ensure for safe discharge.

- Wastewater from the cleaning of vehicles will be collected into the

sedimentation tank before discharging into the Long Tau river

- To design the run-off drainage in the construction field with collection points

consist of sediment manholes and grease trap to prevent oil pollution in the

Long Tau river in the project area.

5.2.3. Soil contamination control

Due to the nature of construction activities (excavation and building construction),

insignificant amount of chemicals will be stored on site. Hence risk of soil

contamination is negligible during the project’s construction phase. Therefore, the

project owner will not implement any counter measures here

5.2.4. Traffic Control

- Only use the vehicle with the valid registration certificate to meet the standards

and regulations

- As stated earlier, the speed of vehicles and machinery within the construction

area is limited to 5km/h;

- Do not exceed freight tonnage regulations;

122

- Set up transportation plan, with coordination of vehicle traffic within the

appropriate area to avoid the high concentration of transportation at the same

time or the same location.

5.2.5. Public Health and Socio- economic Development Protection

- Training workers about workplace safety in the CETP. The company will also

cooperate with the Occupational Safety Division within Department of Labor,

War Invalids and Social Affairs of Dong Nai province to organize the training

on safety rules and equipment operation;

- Enforcing the wearing of protective gear (PPE) for employees in accordance

with the specific works;

- Developing the plan to reduce the impact of pollutants on worker’s health at

the CETP;

- Carry out periodic health examination program for workers in the CETP;

- Ensuring the microclimate factors and working conditions to meet the

standards and regulation issued by the Ministry of Health to protect the

worker’s health;

- - Controlling noise levels according to noise standards and regulations to

prevent associated occupational diseases;

5.2.6. Solid Waste Management

5.2.6.1. Domestic solid waste

To minimize pollution from domestic solid waste, the project owner and the

contractor will implement the following measures:

- Enforce rules of hygiene and environmental protection in workers amps,

including financial sanctions if violated;

- To organize the training for workers on environmental protection regulations;

- Domestic solid waste generated will be collected in appropriate container

within the project area. At the worker’s camps two to three 100L garbage bins

with be provided, and toilets for personal hygiene;

- To contract with functional units to collect, and transport solid wastes to the

waste disposal according to current regulations.

5.2.6.2. Construction solid waste

123

Construction solid wastes are mainly damaged materials such as rubble, sand, gravel,

concrete scrap, damaged wood planking, broken protective devices etc. and domestic

solid waste generated from construction workers on the field. The treatment of solid

wastes is regularly conducted, focusing on waste reuse. Wastes such as cement bags,

protective gear, head piece of steel, welding rods collected at the specified location on

the site can be resold as recyclable materials. The types of rubble, rocks etc. will be

used for foundation levelling.

5.2.6.3. Hazardous waste

The hazardous wastes including oily rags, wasted oil are collected in special tanks and

contain on the cans having lids for further disposal in compliance with Circular

12/2011/TT-BTNMT on hazardous waste regulations.

5.2.7. Risk Mitigation

Since the short duration and small scale of construction activities, the work risks and

incidents should be easy to control and prevent:

5.2.7.1. Fire prevention

- Workers in the construction site will be trained in response to fire-related

incidents; fully equip with fire prevention equipment in accordance with the

applicable law;

- The types of solvents and flammable fuel will be stored in separate isolation

repositories, away from potential sources of ignition and spark-ignition;

- Issue rules on prohibiting employees to smoke, or cause ignition in these areas

with high risk of flammable;

- Apply explosive mitigation devices at the fuel storage area at the project’s site;

- When the fire and explosion incident happens, the company will immediately

collaborate with Fire Prevention and Fighting Department of Nhon Trach

District to respond.

5.2.7.2. Traffic risk prevention

- Regulating the transportation means in and out the project areas reasonably,

carrying within limited transport loads;

- Organizing advocacy for officials and employees and owner of transportation

means to implement the traffic safety law.

5.2.7.3. Measures to ensure the safety, health protection

124

- To comply with regulations on labor safety when established construction

projects organization; machinery layout; accidents preventive measures,

workers in the construction site used equipment such as protective headgear,

masks, gloves, protective clothing, goggles, shoes, boots;

- Closely monitoring the construction process, minimize the extent of

occupational accidents; including electrical safety and traffic accidents;

- Limit storage of explosive or flammable resources or chemicals. Establish

barriers to isolate dangerous areas such as power transformers, power supply

systems, flammable materials (such as fuel storage gasoline, paint materials,

equipment, ...);

To build fire prevention programs and provide specialized protection gear to handle

when problem occurs.

5.3. OPERATION PHASE

5.3.1. Air Pollution Control

5.3.1.1. General measures to reduce air pollution

The integrated measures to limit air pollution and effects on health workers applied by

Tin Nghia Corporation during the operation as follows:

- To build the waste water treatment plant in accordance with industry safety,

industrial hygiene, to maintain the necessary ventilation with natural ventilation

and cooling fans;

- Clean the wastewater treatment, operating rooms after each shift;

- Provide labor protection under the provisions for workers and supervise the use

of personal protective equipment during work;

- Provide sufficient information about sanitation, occupational safety for

workers.

5.3.1.2. Measures to control and reduce air pollution concentration at the central

waste water treatment plant.

The Company will apply the probiotics (GEM-P, K-GEM, GEM, CTA-T, CTA-8T

produced by Bien Co Company Ltd. based on a survey of micro-organisms in

Vietnam) and chemical agents (Tocazeo produced by Thanh Chuong Production -

Services - Commerce Co.Ltd) to reduce odors arising from the waste sector,

wastewater treatment, sludge dump etc. In addition, the plan to using a more pleasant

smell (masking agents) will also be applied in the area of waste water treatment.

125

How to use probiotics (GEM-P, P1-GEM, GEM-K, GEM, CTA-T, CTA-8T of Bien

Co Company Ltd.:

- Estimated amount of probiotics used for the central waste water treatment plant

capacity in the first 30 days: 6,000 litter K-GEM, GEM-P1 4.500 kg;

- From 31 to 60 days: reduce 20% of the composition;

- From the day 61 onwards of the composition to about 60%;

- From the day 91 onwards of the composition to about 50%;

- Installation of automatic sprinkler systems;

- Dilute 1 litter of GEM-K with 100 litters of water and spray over places with

strong odour.

- For emissions resulting from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in

wastewater, this type of odour is very difficult to control. The best mitigation

measures are frequent sanitation, garbage collection from solid waste trap,

dredged sludge and sludge from the sludge tanks and sent them for compressed

and treatment regularly.

In addition to limit the smell arising from waste water treatment station, Investor

Industrial Zone will use the following measures:

- Planting tree with large canopy to create landscapes and mitigate the odour;

- Use oxidative agents: The nature of odors will be destroyed by strong oxidizing

agents such as H2O2 or ozone (O3). Therefore, the management board can

periodically spray H2O2 solution in the region or install arising ozone

generators for odor treatment. Currently ozone generators have been applied

for many other case studies in Vietnam.

5.3.1.3. To control air pollution caused by traffic activities

- Concretise the roads within the central wastewater treatment plant, frequent

sanitation of roads and installation of automatic sprinkler systems for roads

within the central waste water treatment plant;

- Do not start the engine of the car while waiting for materials, chemicals,

sewage sludge, garbage;

- Regular inspection and maintenance of transport vehicles, ensuring well

technical condition.

5.3.1.4. Reducing noise pollution

126

- Installation of anti-vibration cushion around machinery that produce loud

noise. Compressors will be located in soundproof chambers;

- Soundproof the major noise source (usually 200 mm thick layer of the wall,

next to 100 mm thick foam sound insulation, window layout with sound

absorption wall leaning, wooden door closed and heavy);

- Inspection and routine maintenance of machinery and equipment. Normally

maintenance cycles for new devices is every 4-6 months, old devices is every 3

months;

- Planting more trees on the campus to spread out the sound waves.

5.3.1.5. Reduce excess heat pollution

On hot days the temperature in the area of the waste water treatment plant is usually

higher than standards by 1 - 30C. The project investor will provide internal cooling

devices and cooling beverage with added sugar and mineral salts for the operators

working onsite.

5.3.2. Water Pollution Control

5.3.2.1. Road and drainage collection

(1). Domestic wastewater

Waste water from toilets of employees is collected and treated by a septic tank, then

discharged along treated effluent from WWTP.

(1). Stormwater runoff

Stormwater runoff is collected through expensive collecting pipeline network. Solid

wastes and particles will be separated for collection before the runoff will be

discharged into storm drains of the Industrial Park.

5.3.2.2. Technology and efficiency

The design parameters of the input and output of the central waste water treatment

plant are presented in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1. The inlet and outlet parameters of the central wastewater treatment plant

according to design

No. Parameter Unit

Ong Keo industrial zone

Input

Output

(QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT

Column B with Kf = 0,9 and

Kq = 0,9)

127

1 Temperature oC < 45 40

2 Color Pt/Co - 150

3 pH - 5.5-8 5.5 to 9

4 BOD5 (20oC) mg/l ≤ 300 40.5

5 COD mg/l ≤ 500 121.5

6 TSS mg/l ≤ 200 81

7 Asen mg/l 0,1 0.081

8 Mercuri mg/l 0,01 0.0081

9 Lead mg/l 0,5 0.405

10 Cadimi mg/l 0,1 0.081

11 Crom (VI) mg/l 0,1 0.081

12 Crom (III) mg/l 1 0.81

13 Copper mg/l 2 1.62

14 zinc mg/l 3 2.43

15 Niken mg/l 0,5 0.405

16 Mangan mg/l 1 0.81

17 Iron mg/l 5 4.05

18 Tổng xianua mg/l 0,1 0.081

19 Total phenol mg/l 0,5 0.405

20 Total mineral oil mg/l 20 8.1

21 Sunfua mg/l 0,5 0.405

22 Florua mg/l 10 8.1

23 Ammonium (calculated as

N)

mg/l 10 8.1

24 Nito total mg/l 40 32.4

25 Total phosphorus (in P) mg/l 8 4.86

26 Chloride (does not apply to

the discharge of seawater,

brackish water)

mg/l 1000

810

27 Residual chlorine mg/l 2 1.62

28 Total plant protection

chemicals organochlorine

mg/l 0,1 0.081

29 Total plant protection mg/l 1 0.81

128

chemicals

organophosphorus

30 PCB total mg/l 0,01 0.0081

31 Coliform Bacteria

/100ml

- 5000

32 Total radioactivity α Bq/l 0,1 0.1

33 Total radioactivity β Bq/l 1.0 1.0

Treatment efficiency of IZ Ong Keo’s central wastewater treatment plant is presented

in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2. Treatment efficiency of IZ Ong Keo’s central wastewater treatment plant

No. Parameters Unit Input Output

Treatment

efficiency

(%)

1. 1 Temperation oC < 45 40 -

2. 2 Color Pt/Co - 121.5 -

3. 3 pH - 5.5-8 5.5 đến 9 -

4. 4 BOD5 (20oC) mg/l ≤ 300 40.5 86.5

5. 5 COD mg/l ≤ 500 121.5 75.7

6. 6 TSS mg/l ≤ 200 81 59.5

7. 7 Asen mg/l 0.1 0.081 19

8. 8 Hg mg/l 0.01 0.0081 19

9. 9 Pb mg/l 0.5 0.405 19

10. 1

0

Cadimi mg/l 0.1 0.081 19

11. 1

1

Crom (VI) mg/l 0.1 0.081 19

12. 1

2

Crom (III) mg/l 1 0.81 19

13. 1

3

Cu mg/l 2 1.62 19

14. 1

4

Zn mg/l 3 2.43 19

15. 1

5

Niken mg/l 0.5 0.405 19

16. 1

6

Mangan mg/l 1 0.81 19

17. 1

7

Fe mg/l 5 4.05 19

18. 1

8

Total xianua mg/l 0.1 0.081 19

129

No. Parameters Unit Input Output

Treatment

efficiency

(%)

19. 1

9

Total phenol mg/l 0.5 0.405 19

20. 2

0

Total grase mg/l 20 8.1 59.5

21. 2

1

Sunfua mg/l 0.5 0.405 19

22. 2

2

Florua mg/l 10 8.1 19

23. 2

3

Amoni (follow

N)

mg/l 10 8.1 19

24. 2

4

Total nito mg/l 40 32.4 19

25. 2

5

Total P mg/l 8 4.86 39.25

26. 2

6

Clorua ( mg/l 1000 810 19

27. 2

7

Residual

chlorine

mg/l 2 1.62 19

28. 2

8

Total of plant

protection

chemicals

organochlorine

mg/l 0.1

0.081 19

29. 2

9

Total of plant

protection

chemicals

organic

phosphorus

mg/l 1

0.81 19

30. 3

0

Total PCB mg/l 0.01 0.0081 19

31. 3

1

Coliform vi

khuẩn/10

0ml

-

4050 -

32. 3

2

Total radiation

level α

Bq/l 0.1 0.1 -

33. 3

3

Total radiation

level β

Bq/l 1.0 1.0 -

5.3.3. Soil contamination control

Due to the nature of operational activities, insignificant amount of chemicals will be

stored on site. Hence risk of soil contamination is negligible here.

130

5.3.4. Negative Environmental Impacts on Ecosystems and Socio-economic

Development

5.3.4.1. Minimize impact to ecological systems

The impacts to ecosystems when operating, mainly impact to upstream and

downstream aquatic ecosystems from discharge point of Ong Keo Industrial Zone

both due to water flow discharge and concentrations of pollutants if discharge

standards were violated. So following measures were implemented:

- Strict control of flow and wastewater discharge should be implemented,

especially during sudden change of river flow like heavy rain. The discharge

point is equipped with meter to control the flow of constant discharge;

- The quality of treated effluent will be closely monitored to ensure consistently

achieved QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B standard. The central waste

water treatment plant is installed with automatic monitoring devices to daily

monitor important indicators. In the case of incident shows ineffective

treatment due to microbiology or damaged equipment, the treatment operation

will immediately be stopped and fix will be immediately carried out.

- Applications for discharge of wastewater into water sources for the central

waste water treatment plant will be logged to the authority, and only fully

qualified and capable worker will get the position

5.3.4.2. Minimization of socio-economic impact

The socio-economic impact caused by the WWTP mainly will affect people living in

downstream area of the discharge point if discharge standards were violated. So

similarly, the investors will also closely manage and monitor the flow and quality of

discharged wastewater according to QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B.

5.3.5. Risk Impacts Control

- Apply measures deodorizing and disinfecting in every stage of the central

waste water treatment plant;

- The investor committed to applying technical measures necessary to ensure

emissions after treatment in accordance with QCVN 19:2009 BTNMT and

QCVN 20: 2009 BTNMT;

- Planting trees in high density around the central waste water treatment plant

(within the safety corridor from the station to the nearest residential area) to

prevent diffused dust toward residential areas. By design, green corridor is 10

m thickness;

- Moving out of the mud of the central waste water treatment plant; in

appropriate time and when the traffic density is lowest. Need specialized

vehicles used to transport sludge to reduce odor and dust emissions during

transportation.

131

5.3.6. Risk Mitigation Measures in Operation Phase

5.3.6.1. Sanitary and labor safety

Safety equipment

- For safety and security for the plant to work, lightning protection system will

be installed at the highest position of the central waste water treatment plant.

This will ensure safety against lightning strikes during the rainy season;

- For devices that use electrical power, fully equipped security system, wiring

and grounding safety are installed, inspected prior to operation. Also, IZ

Management Board will also set up building regulations on electrical grid

system of the WWTP;

- Industrial Zone management boards will grade each machines and devices

based on structure and other features, and are build safety rules for each

specific device

(1). Labor safety for workers

- Train workers about labor safety in the station. The Company will cooperate

will cooperate with the Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs

of Dong Nai to province safety training to workers in each operating stage;

- Based on the arranged of each stage of the production, tools and labor

protective gears for workers will be provided.

- In addition to the pollution control methods mentioned above, the plan to

reduce the impact of pollutants on the health of workers in the station will be

fully applied as follows:

- Perform well testing program and periodic health surveillance for workers,

- Ensure microclimate factors and working conditions to meet the standard

issued by the Ministry of Health to protect the health of workers;

- To control noise standards regulations to prevent occupational diseases caused

by the manufacturing process;

- Training and provide information on safety.

-

5.3.6.2. Fire and explosion Safety

(1). Fire safety measures

- Provide fire fighting equipment; fire protection systems around the area.

- Workers will be provided with directly training to handle and response against

fire and explosion threats;

- The combustible fuels will be stored in separate isolated locations, away from

potential sources of ignition. The solvent storage tank will be installed with

safety valves, temperature monitoring devices degrees, fire alarm and

automatic fire sprinkle;

132

- There are fire alarm systems, communication systems, alarm. The fire fighting

vehicles will be checked and in maintenance regularly;

- In areas with explosive or flammable risks, workers can't smoke, do not carry

lighters, matches, instrument that ignition, sparks, ...;

(1). Equipment

- Water valves for fire fighting; including the water tower and pond with fire

pumps

- Personal foam extinguisher; and other fire fighting equipment in all functional

areas;

- For the operator:

- Equip hood and exhaust fan for ventilation;

- Design and installation of safety devices for electrical system, regular

inspection to prevent short-circuit;

- The storage area of flammable materials and chemical ... will be installed with

fire alarm systems, water tanks, sand bags, fire extinguishers and protection

gears.

(2). Fire and explosion incident’s rescue :

- In places with flammable risks, fire alarm systems are installed, with

communication systems, alarm and is periodically test, under maintenance and

always in a state of operational readiness;

- The machinery working at high temperatures and pressures required routine

checked, and registered;

- The fuel is stored in isolated repositories, away from potential sources of

ignition and spark. Safe distance between the buildings is 12-20m for fire truck

to easily access;

- Prohibit smoking workers, bringing lighters, fire appliances emit flammable

region.

- Coordinate with the FPF Company in Dong Nai province plans to FPF, arrange

for the workers and volunteer team rehearse the plan was established.

5.3.6.3. Measures to prevent and respond to fuel leaks

To prevent and respond to fuel leaks (diesel oil), the investor will cooperate with the

authorities to examine the systems, storage tanks, and transport vehicles to set up

response plans as follows:

- Regularly check the safety of the fuel tank to repair, replace and fix leaks

promptly fuel;

- Fences surrounding areas fuel tank, tank placement by5-10m. Placing warning

signs, prohibition signs of fire, combustible materials close to the area;

133

- The transport of petroleum, chemicals, etc. (such as trucks, ...) must have

sufficient legal status, as well as to meet safety standards, technical regulations

applicable to transportation on roads;

- Remind employees to comply with FPF regulations during work.

Preparation for prevention, rescue incidents, under supervision and strict inspection

systems

5.3.6.4. Lightning protection

Installation of lightning protection systems on the highest position of the station to

attract lightning arresters, lightning pillars are arranged to protect all structures with

high protection calculation is 10 -14m;

5.3.6.5. Respond to the emergency from wastewater treatment plant

Incidents includes the breakdown of equipment such as pumps, agitators, chemical

magnet machines, (due to malfunction or power failure etc. ) or the death of

microbiology cultures may discontinue the operations. This will cause a large amount

of stagnant water, not treated can cause environmental pollution.

This problem can be prevented by regular inspection of the equipment’s technical

condition, repairing or replacing damaged machinery, and close monitoring to forecast

and intervening microbiological failure.

134

CHƯƠNG 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1. MITIGATION OF NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The management unit of the wastewater treatment plant of Ong Keo IZ is Tin Nghia

Corporation, who will be responsible for ensuring the requirements of standards/

regulations on environmental protection during the project’s construction and

operation.

The independent monitoring consultant unit will be hired by Tin Nghia Corporation to

directly supervise, manage, and monitor the environment.

Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Dong Nai province will

monitor the environmental protection activities in the province.

The units involved in the project’s environmental management program are described

in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1. The agencies involved in the environmental management program

No Unit Major Responsibilities

1 Construction

contractors

Implementing the proposed mitigation measures.

Reporting to Tin Nghia Corporation.

2 Implementation

Consultants

Monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the

environmental management plan proposed in the EIA report.

Reporting to Tin Nghia Corporation

3 Environmental

Monitoring

Consultant

Implementing and monitoring the environmental quality

assessment based on the monitoring parameters proposed in

the report.

Implementing the public consultation meetings to record

feedback and evaluation of the local people about the

project’s environmental management plan.

Reporting to Tin Nghia Corporation.

4 Department of

Natural Resources

and Environment

Monitoring and evaluating the mitigation measures proposed

in the construction phase through the report of Tin Nghia

Corporation and actual test results.

6.1.1. Mitigation Measures Performance Plan

6.1.1.1. Construction phase

(1). The organizational structure

The environmental issues will be controlled and monitored for:

135

- The process of foundation levelling;

- The construction and installation of machinery and equipment of the waste

water treatment plant;

- The process of building the infrastructure and support facilities;

- The process of transporting, storing equipment, materials, fuels;

- Activities in the field of workers.

(1). The specific items

The specific items in the environmental management plan in the construction phase of

WWTP include:

- Management of construction works;

- Management of dust pollution mitigation;

- Safety plan for the construction works;

- Management of sludge and waste water sedimentation;

- Management of noise pollution mitigation;

- Management of traffic and transportation facilities;

- Management of construction materials, equipment and warehouses, storage

yards;

- Management of municipal and construction wastes;

- Management of hazardous wastes

- Management of plan and construction progress of the works;

- Management of plan and schedule of installation of machinery and excavation;

- Planning for fire prevention and safety in construction;

- Plan to prevent and limit the adverse impacts;

- Communicate, educate, raise awareness of environmental protection for

workers;

- Implementation of the reporting system under the provisions of environmental

legislation on environmental protection;

- Complying the procedures for inspection of environmental protection;

- Implementation of environmental protection measures outlined in the approved

EIA report and complying with the Vietnam Environmental

standards/regulations;

- Complying with the provisions of the law on environmental protection.

Operational phase, in operation

136

(1). The organizational structure

The organizational structure of environmental management in the operational phase of

the waste water treatment plant is established before the operation. Staff in charge of

the environment will coordinate with the relevant units in the management of the

environment in every stage. The management program includes:

-

- Management of the station operation system in accordance with the technical

procedure;

- Management of technical infrastructure, machinery and equipment of the

station;

- Management and operation of the system in environmental treatment facilities;

- Management of waste, environmental risk and incidents.

(2). Management method

- Monitoring of emissions and waste sources in the station area;

- Management of solid and hazardous waste and waste waters;

- Developing the environmental monitoring plan in the project’s area;

- Developing and establishing the plan for the incident response;

- Training on safety and environment for employees;

- To monitor and store the operational results related to the environmental safety

of the WWT plant and ancillary facilities;

- Regularly reviewing and examining the effectiveness of the environmental

management plan and revising the plan as needed;

- The main waste treatment facilities in this phase are as follows:

Drainage system and wastewater collection;

Garbage bins (5-10 garbage bins with 200 litter capacity placed in the

gathering area and 10-20 garbage bin with 10 litter capacity located in

the office’s areas);

Lightning and fire protection system;

All environmental treatment facilities will be completed before the time

when the waste water treatment plant have been officially operated.

6.1.1.2. Summary of plans and mitigation measure

137

Environmental management program during construction and operational phases and

preventing risks of the project are summarized in Table 6.2, Table 6.3 and Table 6.4

below:

138

Table 6.2. Summary of the environmental management program of projects in the construction phase

Problems/im

pacts Code Mitigation measures applied

Laws document/regulations

referenced

Air Pollution

A1

The construction vehicles are regularly checked and have " quality control,

technical safety and environmental protection certificate" follow Decision

No. 35/2 5/QD-BGTVT on 21/07/2005

- TCVN 6438-2005: road

transport. Maximum

allowable limit of

emissions;

- Decision 35/2005/QD-

BGTVT - Decision issued

regulations on quality

control, technical safety and

environmental protection of

vehicles imported into

Vietnam

- QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT-

national technical standards

for the ambient air quality

A2 Maintenance of vehicles and equipment daily and 6 months/time (or 8,000

km of road)

A3 Do not incinerate waste onsite

A4 Monitoring air quality emissions, dust, noise onsite and in surrounding area

Dust

Emissions

D1 Transporting waste outside construction work as soon as possible

- QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT

- National Technical

Regulation on the ambient

air quality

D2 Cover trucks to prevent spillage of soil, sand, or dust materials in transit.

D3 The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with national regulation

for the ambient air quality.

D4

The Contractor shall ensure that dust emission is minimal and does not

become a nuisance to local residents. Contractor shall implement dust

control plan to maintain safe working environments and minimize

disturbance to the residential/housing around.

139

D5

Contractor shall implement measures to minimize dust emissions when

necessary (such as spraying water on the road construction, cover material

storage areas, etc.)

D6

Excavated soil and material stockpiles should be covered to prevent

dispersal by wind and the positions of the stockpile material must consider

wind direction and the location of sensitive areas.

The

disturbance

of vegetation

and

ecosystems

TR1

The Contractor shall prepare measures to protect vegetation outlined in the

environmental management plan approved by the building construction

engineer, according to relevant regulations. Clearance plan must be

approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and strict compliance

by the contractor

The Environmental

Protection Law No

52/2005/QH11

Noise and

vibration

N1 Avoid building at night (01 am to 6 am) - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT -

National technical

regulation on noise

-QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT:

National Technical

Regulation on vibration

N2 The contractor is responsible for compliance with the laws of Vietnam on

noise and vibration.

N3

All cars must have "Certificates of quality control, technical safety and

environmental protection" Decision No. 35/2 5/QD-BGTVT avoid excess

emissions noise from the old machine, the hips are appropriate renovations.

Increased

turbidity in

surface

water

TU1 Ensuring the technical requirements for waste water treatment and runoff

TU2 Better management of soil erosion and sediment

Domestic

wastewater

from

workers

WW1 Construction and use of temporary portable toilets in the Industrial Zone - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT:

National technical

regulation on domestic

wastewater

WW2 Building a septic tank and wastewater collection and sewage when

completed

WW3 The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with the laws of

Vietnam regarding wastewater into water sources

140

WW4

Wastewater exceeded the value allowed by Vietnam standards/laws must be

collected in a septic tank and transported outside by units licensed

collection

Drainage

and

sedimentatio

n control

SW1 Periodic dredging of drains

- TCVN 4447:1987 The

scope of construction and

acceptance

- Circular 22/2010/TT-BXD

of safety in construction

- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT

- National Technical

Regulation on surface water

quality

SW2

To avoid runoff containing sediment can affect water sources, construction

of the sludge collectors, slow flowing stream or divert the flow affect the

vegetation.

SW3 Ensure drainage system is always maintained, Clean mud and obstacles,

check the condition of the drainage system periodically

SW4 To maintain the existing conditions and not disturb the position of the area

by the construction activities

SW5 Slope must be maintained with the appropriate technical characteristics of

the outfall construction

SW6

The Contractor shall comply with the detailed design of the drainage system

included in the plans, proposals to prevent rain causing local flooding or

erosion, resulting in sediment affect local water resources

Groundwater

pollution due

sewage leak

GW1 Leaks in the drainage system must be detected and repaired promptly

- QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT:

National Technical

Regulation on groundwater

quality

Solid Waste

Management

W1

Before construction, process control of solid waste shall be prepared by the

contractor and environmental management plan includes the construction

management and monitoring plans. Decree 59/2007/ND-CP on

the management of solid

waste W2 Before to construction, all discharge permits must be passed

W3 No burning, burying or dumping of solid waste onside

141

Chemicals

and

hazardous

waste

HW1

Chemical waste in any form must be disposed in appropriate landfills and

approved at the request of local authorities. The contractor must have a

certificate of treatment.

Circular No. 12/2011/TT-

BTNMT on Hazardous

Waste Management

HW2

Oils, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from vehicle maintenance and

machinery will be collected in the tank and recycled or disposed by

registered hazardous waste contractors.

HW3

The relevant authorities (IZ Management Board and the Department of

Natural Resources and Environment) will be notified in the case of oil, or

chemical spills. Remedial measures after oil spills or accidents must be

carried out immediately. In this case, the contractor shall provide a report

explaining why oil spills or accidents, state out the done remedial work, the

consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed measures overcome.

HW4 Toxic chemicals stored properly and labelled containers and lock

HW5 Train and raise awareness for workers to respond against toxic chemicals in

the workplace

Traffic

Management T1

Prior to construction, consult with local governments, communities and the

traffic police

- Road Traffic Law No.

23/2008/QH12

- Construction Law

No16/2003/QH11

- Circular No. 22/2010/TT-

BYT: Regulations on

occupational safety in

construction work

Temporary

stop

providing

utility

services

U1 Provide information to the affected families about work schedule as well as

suspended plans

Decree No. 73/2010/ND-

CP: The sanctioning of

administrative violations in

the field of security and

order, social security

Safety and HS1 Limiting speed at construction site Circular No. 22/2010/TT-

142

community

workers

HS2 Avoid transport during peak hours BYT: Regulations on

occupational safety in

construction

- Directive 02/2008/CT-

BXD on reorganizing and

strengthening security

measures ensure

occupational safety,

occupational health units in

the building industry

- TCVN 5308-91: Technical

regulations for safety in

construction

- Decision No. 96/2008/

QD-TTg about demining.

HS3 Installation of lighting at night

HS4 Equip workers with protective equipment

HS5 Training workers on safety regulations and ensure their compliance

HS6 Ensure construction site safety, security and order

HS7 Provide protective clothing or protective gloves if they may be exposed to

chemicals and sludge

HS8 Prepare and implement action plans to deal with risks and emergency

situations as well as prepare emergency services at construction site

HS9 The Contractor shall comply with the regulations of Vietnam about labor

safety.

Communicat

ion with the

local

community

C1 Provide local communities and workers at the site the ECOP (Vietnamese)

and the Environmental Protection documents related.

- Decree No. 73/2010/ND-

CP: The sanctioning of

administrative violations in

the field of security and

order, social security

C2

- Provide information for the groups affected by the project (such as local

governments, businesses and households affected, etc.) through

community meetings before starting construction. Supply contact

information to interested parties so they can get information about the

active site, project status and results of the project;

- Provide all information, especially technical solutions, with language

understandable to the general public. Inform interested citizens and

officials through the preparation of an information sheet. Inform the

press, while conducting the work of the project.

C3 Allow community supervision and publish related information requirements

as well as the progress of the project;

C4 Feedback is written form in timely and accurate manner;

143

Table 6.3. Summary of environmental management programs in the project operation phase WWTP

No Impacts Intensity Mitigation Measures Monitoring Unit Funds

1 Pollution at the outlet Long-term - Regularly monitor

- Construction warning signs

at appropriate locations

- Regular manhole, sewer

- Reduce the risk of sewage

spill

- Monitor discharged flow

from each business

IZ Management Board, the

Department of Natural

Resources and Environment,

IZ Infrastructure Development

Company

The operating budget

of the water

company, WWTP

2 Groundwater

Pollution

Long-term - Monitoring and control of

groundwater quality in the

area

- Prevent leakage of

anaerobic tank

- Prevent leaks at the

connection point or

transition within the

sewage pipe





Company

The operating budget

of the WWTP

144

3 Groundwater

Pollution

Long-term - Train O & M to monitoring

workers to assess quality

monitoring and evaluate the

performance of the WWTP

- Construction signs warning

people about the risks related

to water environment

- Focus on public

communication

- Respond and repair

immediately if accident

occurred





Company

4 Smell Long-term - Ensure radius of at least 300

m buffer zone

- Planting trees in the buffer

zone to create landscapes and

prevent odor dispersion

- Regular maintenance of the

processing unit

- Solve problems or accidents

during operation

- Clearance of the environment

around the pond





Company

5 Noise Long-term - Planting tress

- Carry out proper

maintenance on equipment





Company

145

6 WWTP Team Long-term - Plan to collect and handle

solid waste

- Train workers to deal with

wastes appropriately

- Regularly collecting mud





Company

7 Sludge Management Long-term - Quality control mud to plan

appropriate treatment

- Dry and use as fertilizer or

landfill treatment based on the

quality of sludge

- Reducing spills along the

transport routes especially for

dusts what may contain heavy

metals and pathogens (risks of

food contamination, skin-

related disease, and respiratory

system)

- Workers must be equipped

with appropriate safety

clothing to prevent direct

contact

- Dried sludge will be dumped

at the landfill or specially

buried in case it does not meet

quality standards.





Company

8 Health and safety Long-term

and frequent

- Training safety and industrial

hygiene

- Health checks for all

employees, provide good

personal hygiene





Company

146

- At least two workers

working in a shift

- Prepare specific H&S

guidelines for operating

WWTP

Table 6.4. Summary of counter measures to minimize environmental risks of the project

No. Circumstance Action Plan Responsibilities

1 Complaints from nearby industrial

facilities and the community about

environmental issues of construction

activities and operation

- Immediately implement remedial measures if

possible

- Discuss with investors, local authorities to thoroughly

resolve conflicts

- Recorded in the log

Contractor

2 Incident or accident construction,

operation

First aid and immediate transport to the nearest

hospital if necessary

Workers and residents

- There are warning signs in dangerous locations

- Make records of incidents or accidents

The contractor, WWTP, IZ

infrastructure development

company, IZ Management

Board

3 WWTP stops operation Store untreated sewage, build biological tank if

possible

WWTP, IZ infrastructure

development company, IZ

Management Board

Regular inspect and backup systems/devices data

There are danger signs and report to the authorities

Avoid overloading wastewater from business

Training of operational staff regularly monitor

Check out the design and participate on plan to build

new WWTP by the Industrial Zone

Prepare for an action plan to respond randomly

4 Improper discharge of sludge Contracts with agencies concerned are properly WWTP

147


discharged mud if found harmful to the environment

and human health

Prepare reports and regular inspection of all generated

sludge

Issuing strict penalties for violations IZ Management Board, the


Resources and Environment

5 Fire - Notify authorities (especially the fire station).

- Rescue trapped people in the danger zone.

- Actively isolate the flame with available equipment

Contractors, industrial

establishments/enterprises,

WWTP, IZ Infrastructure

Development Company, IZ

Management Board

Follow according to guidance until authorized unit

arrive (especially in the case of explosions caused by

chemicals ...).




Board

Supporting the functional unit, local government to

establish security belt around dangerous zones.

- Check the condition and safety of fire or explosion in

the area; make sure this problem does not persist.

- Suspend operations if violation of fire safety

conditions is persisted.




Board

148


6

Electrical-related accidents

- Disconnect the power source from problem area and

the surrounding area

- Immediate rescue people from the danger zone

according to guideline

- Find out the cause of the incident or accident, check

the power source, wires and contacts ...




Board

Making records the incident or accident case

6.1.2. Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport program

Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport program during construction phase shown as in Table 6.5.

Table 6.5. Implementation plan for Safety, Health, Environment and Transport program in construction phase

Issues Mitigation measures Vietnamese

code/regulation Execution Supervision

Traffic

management

- Cooperation with local government, community, and

traffic police to manage the traffic density;

- If number of vehicle trips significantly increase, the

construction plan should be previously approved.

Determination of transportation route, especially of

heavy vehicles away from sensitive sites such as schools,

hospitals, and markets;

- Avoiding transportation during peak hours and

arranging transportation instructors at the start and the

end of construction areas to avoid congestion at peak

hours;

- Law on traffic and

transportation No.

23/2008/QH12

- Law on construction

No. 16/2003/QH11

- Decree No.

22/2010/TT-BXD on

regulation of

construction safety

Contractors Investors +

supervision

consultants

149

Issues Mitigation measures Vietnamese

code/regulation Execution Supervision

- Install the lighting system at night time if this is

necessary to ensure the safe traffic circulation;

Health and safety

working

- Limiting speed at the construction site;

- Avoiding transportation in the peak hours;

- Providing temporary passage through the dug trench as

needed;

- Installing the lighting system for night time;

- Equipping workers with labor protection instruments;

- Avoiding long exposure to wastes;

- Training workers on occupational safety regulations;

- Preparing and implementing action plan to cope with

risk and emergency as well as prepare emergency aid

service at construction site;

- Installing fences, barriers, dangerous warning site

around the construction area which showing potential

danger to public p.

- Putting signals or warning symbols near the outlets of

WWTP

- Decree No.

22/2010/TT-BXD on

regulation of

construction safety

- Instruction No.02

/2008/CT-BXD on

safety and sanitation

issues in construction

agencies

- TCVN 5308-91:

Standard on safety in

construction

- Decision No.

96/2008/QD-TTg on

land clearance

Contractors Investors +

supervision

consultants

Program Implementation Plan safety, health, environment and transportation operations in the period expressed as:

Table 6.6. Program Implementation Plan safety, health, environment and transportation in the operational phase

Contents Mitigation Measures Laws/Regulations Monitoring

150

Contents Mitigation Measures Laws/Regulations Monitoring

Health and safety

working

- Training and provide adequate equipment to protect the

health of workers;

- Laborers working in wastewater treatment station is equipped

with earplugs to reduce noise;

- Check the periodic health workers to operate the wastewater

treatment station.

Management

Board of

wastewater

treatment station

Management Board of

wastewater treatment

station

151

6.1.3. The community information and community relations

During construction and operation of wastewater treatment plant Ong Keo Industrial

Zone, Phase 1, the project formulation, approval and publicly listed environmental

management plans at the headquarters of the commune People's Committee Phuoc

Khanh to get the inspection and supervision of residents. Environmental management

plan is established including the following content:

- The organization operation of the department responsible for environmental

protection projects;

- Planning of education and raising awareness of environmental protection

projects;

- Responsibilities of the project in implementing the solutions and measures to

minimize negative impacts and prevent and respond to environmental incidents

during the construction phase and operation of the wastewater treatment plant;

- Planning operation of environmental protection;

- Planning monitoring of waste generated sources; ambient monitoring and

environmental monitoring content other in the construction phase and phase

wastewater treatment station officially went into operation.

6.2. ORGANIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND

RESPONSIBILITY

6.2.1. Environmental Department of Ong Keo IZ

6.2.1.1. Functions and Tasks

(1). Functions

- To advise the corporation manager on environmental management, and

wastewater treatment facility as well as to provide environmental consulting

services for the customers.

- To elaborate and propose environmental management plans, schemes and

measures; the centralized wastewater treatment facility operation plan and to

provide environmental consultation services for enterprises in and outside Ong

Keo IZ.

- To cooperate with other competent agencies and customers in management the

industrial park environment in compliance with “the Regulation on industrial

parks, export processing zone and high-tech parks” which was promulgated

together with Decree No.36/CP in April 24, 1997 of the Government as well as

other related regulations.

- To operate the centralized wastewater treatment system and other activities

152

related to environment in the industrial park.

- To inspect, supervise, operate the centralized wastewater treatment facility and

wastewater quality of enterprises in Ong Keo and conduct repairing in case of

failure.

- To treat wastewater of Ong Keo IZ meeting Vietnam standard prior

discharging to the environment.

- To manage, operate and utilize the centralized wastewater facility effectively

and efficiently.

(1). Tasks

- Organise plans and required activities of the treatment plants, monitor

business-related environmental contracts, and propose the Director for approval

and implementation;

- Supervise land-renting investors on their contract to meet Environmental

Protection laws;

- Ultilise the available resources, apply technology creativities on the

managements of the treatment plants effectively;

- Supervise the effluent quality standard to ensure the treated waste water from

Nhon Trach 3 meet all regulations before being released into the environments;

- Cooperate with Technical – Infrastructure Departments to maintain the plant

and immediately repair any faults of the systems onsite;

- Hold responsibilities over the contract with environmental consultants; wastes

treatments agencies, plant designers, drainage system supervisors and other

economical-technical- environmental customers;

- Implements tasks from the Directors;

- Follow Organisational Regulations and Activities to promote company

business;

- Implement operation plans and business developing activities as assigned by

the company directors;

- Ultilise available resources, promote upgrades, apply scientific and technical

innovations during the plant operation phase;

- Implement applied designs for the investors of company within Ong Keo IZ;

- Maintenance the infrastructures of the centralised waste water treatment plant;

- Ultilise the assets, budgets of the company to continuously increase the

efficiency of the business;

- Commit to provide and update information as requests by the company

(2). Organization Structure

153

Figure 6.1. Environmental Department Hierarchy of Ong Keo IZ

6.2.2. CETP operation Team

6.2.2.1. Function and Task

(1). Function

- To manage and monitor compliance with the environment regulations

stipulated at Decree No. 36/CP dated April 24, 1997 of the Government on

“Regulation on industrial parks, export processing zones and high-tech parks”.

To advise the corporation director on issues related to environment of Nhon

Trach IZ; to perform activities of the treatment facilities and other related

activities related to environment in the industrial park.

- To inspect, monitor, operate the system and take remedial measures of the

station and enterprises in Dat Do I IZ prior transferring to the centralized

treatment system.

- To treat wastewater of Ong Keo IZ, Phase 1 in compliance with Vietnam

standards prior discharge into environment.

- To manage, operate functions of the treatment facility effectively and

efficiently. .

(2). Tasks

- To perform the regulation on the Corporation organization and operation to

promote business;

- To develop proper operation and business promotion plan, and submit to the

corporation director for approval and organize the implementation;

- To exploit available resources effectively, R&D activities to improve the

operation efficiency;

Team leader

Env Consultants

Lab staffs

Supervisor

Operating Staffs

Maintenance

Staffs

154

- To provide consulting services in designing, connecting, construction and

supervision for investors in Ong Keo IP, Phase 1;

- To operate, maintain and repair the wastewater discharge infrastructure and

centralized treatment system properly;

- To manage and develop the assigned fund effectively;

- To be compliance with information and reporting policy of the company as

well as existing regulation;

- To perform other assigned tasks.

6.2.2.2. Organization Structure of CETP operation Team

Figure 6.2. Organization Structure of CWTP operation Team

6.3. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.3.1. Environmental monitoring in construction phase

6.3.1.1. Waste Monitoring

(1). Solid Waste Monitoring

Domestic wastewater volume would be recorded dailty. It should be reported

periodically (one in every three monts) to the environment administration agency.

(2). Wastewater Monitoring

- Selected parameters: pH, BOD5, COD, SS, Ammonia, Phosphate, Chloride,

surfactant, mineral oil;

- Monitoring location: 01 locations at worker camp;

- Monitoring frequency: One in every three months;;

- Sampling equipment and analysis method: Standard method;

- Comparison standard: QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, column B.

6.3.1.2. Ambient Environment Monitoring

Site supervisor

01 person

Lab staff

01 person

Operating staffs

03 peple

Maintenance staffs

01 person

155

(1). Air Quality Monitoring

- Selected parameters: Temperature, humidity, wind velocity, dust, SO2, NO2,

CO, THC, H2S, noise, vibration;

- Monitoring location: 01 locations in the project area and 01 locations in

surrounding residential quarters;

- Monitoring frequency: One in every six months;


- Comparison standard: QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT,

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT.

(2). Surface Water Quality Monitoring

- Selected parameters: Temperature, pH, turbidity, DO, BOD5, COD, SS, N-

NH4, N-NO3, NO2, total N, total P, total Fe, Pb, oil and grease, foamer, E.

Coli, total Coliform;

- Monitoring sample number: 02 samples.

- Monitoring location: 01 locations in Bang canal and 01 location in Long Tau

river ;



- Comparison standard: QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, column B2.

(3). Groundwater Quality Monitoring

- Selected parameters: pH, color, hardness, SS, Cl-, NH4+, Cyanic, NO3-, NO2-,

Sulfate, Fe, Mn, As, E.Coli, Total Coliform;


- Monitoring location: 01 locations in the project area;



- Comparison standard: QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT.

(4). Soil and Sediment Quality Monitoring

Selected parameters: Cadmic, Chrome, As, Pb, Hg, Zn, Oil, total hydrocarbon;


156

- Monitoring location of soil quality: 01 locations in the project area.

- Monitoring location of sediment quality: 01 locations in Long Tau river;



- Comparison standard: QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT and refer to Nederland

Standard (VROM -1994).

6.3.1.3. Monitoring of hydrology, erosion, sedimentation of the project area

- Monitoring of hydrology, deposition process, erosion, canals in the project

area, flooding;

- Monitoring frequency: One in every six months

6.3.2. Environmental monitoring in operation phase

6.3.2.1. Waste Monitoring

(1). Wastewater Monitoring

- Selected parameters: pH, color, BOD5, COD, SS, Ammonia, total N, total P,

mineral oil, total phenols, Pb, Cd, Cr3 +, Cr6 +), E. coli, total coliforms;


- Monitoring location: 01 locations at the influent of CWTP and 01 locations at

the effluent of CWTP;



- Comparison standard: QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (Column B, Kq=0.9, kf=0.9).

(2). Solid Waste Monitoring

Domestic solid waste volume will be collected daily. The recorded volume will be

reported to the environmental administration agency periodically (one in every three

months).

(3). Sludge Monitoring

- Selected parameters: mineral oil, organic matter, heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb,

Zn, Hg);

- Monitoring location: sludge of CWTP;


157


- Comparison standard: QCVN 07:2008/BTNMT; QCVN 50 : 2013/BTNMT

6.3.2.2. Ambient Environment Monitoring

(1). Air Quality Monitoring

- Selected parameters: Temperature, humidity, wind velocity, dust, SO2, NO2,

CO, THC, H2S, noise, vibration.


- Monitoring location: 01 in the project areas and 01 in the surrounding

residential quarters.

- Monitoring frequency: One in every six months.


- Comparison standard: QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT,

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, and QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT.

(2). Surface Water Quality Monitoring

- Selected parameters: Temperature, pH, turbidity, DO, BOD5, COD, SS, N-

NH4, N-NO3, NO2, total N, total P, Total Iron, Pb, Oil and grease, foamert, E.

Coli, total Coliform.


- Monitoring location: 02 location distance 300m to upstream and dowstream of

point discharge



- Comparison standard: QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT (column B2).

(3). Groundwater Quality Monitoring

- Selected parameters: pH, turbidity, hardness, SS, Cl-, NH4+, Cyanide, NO3-,

NO2-, Sulfate, Fe, Mn, As, E.Coli, Total Coliform.


- Monitoring location: 01 in the project area.



- Comparison standard: QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT.

158

(4). Soil and Sediment Quality Monitoring

- Selected parameters: Cadmic, Chrome, As, Pb, Hg, Zn, Oil, total hydrocarbon;


- Monitoring location of soil quality: 01 locations in the project area.

- Monitoring location of sediment quality: 01 locations in Long Tau river;



- Comparison standard: QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT and refer to Nederland

Standard (VROM -1994).

6.3.2.3. Hydrology, erosion and sedimentation monitoring

- Monitoring of hydrology, deposition process, erosion, canals in the project

area, flooding;


6.3.3. Monitoring and Reporting Arrangements for ESMF

Project construction of Ong Keo IZ wastewater treatment plants is VIPM Project by

the World Bank funding to build a system to wastewater treatment for industrial areas

of the participating local.

During implementation, meetings will be organized by the SPMGs inviting all EAs in

the state for providing information on the progress of the project work. The project

cycle for an investment under the NGRBA program and the interface with the ESMF

requirements are summarized Table 6.7.

Table 6.7. Mitigation, monitoring, responsibility and timeline

No. Impact Monitoring Measures Responsible

Agency

Timeline

1 Land

acquisition

Regular internal

monitoring by the

EA and SPMG and

periodic evaluation

EA 12 months from the

start date.

Compensation to be

paid before the start of

civil works. 2 Acquisition of

house/

structure

Regular internal

monitoring by the

EA , SPMG and

periodic evaluation

3 Loss of

livelihood or

source of

Regular

internal monitoring

by EA; midterm and

EA 12 months from the

start date of the

activities of the priority

159

livelihood end term evaluation investment. Assistance

to be paid before the

start of civil works.

4 Loss of access

to private and/

or common

property

Regular internal

monitoring by the

EA; ; midterm and

end term evaluation

EA, ESMF

Auditors

12 months from the

start date of the


nvestment.

Assistance to be paid

before the start of civil

works.

5 Displacement

of

Non

Titleholders

Regular internal

monitoring by the

EA; a; midterm and

end term evaluation

EA, ESMF

Auditors

6 Group support

to Tribal

community

Regular internal

monitoring by

the social

development

professional of EA

along with NGO;

midterm and end

term evaluation

EA; District

Administrati

on; ESMF

auditors

12 months from the

start date of the


nvestment,

followed by annual

audit

7 Gender Action

Plan

Regular internal

monitoring by the

social development

professional of EA

along with NGO;

midterm and end

term

evaluation

EA, ESMF

Auditors

12 months from the

start date of the


nvestment,

followed by annual

audit

6.4. TRAINING PROGRAM

To enhance the capacity to cope with environmental problems that may occur in the

central wastewater treatment plant of Ong Keo Industrial Zone, Phase 1, the project

owner will implement the following measures:

- Periodically, the staffs directly working in the central wastewater treatment

plant will be trained and guided on fire and exploitation control methods;

- Organizing the training, assigning response tasks when incidents results in

shutting down of the WWTP happened. This problem can be further prevented

by periodic inspection of the technical condition of the equipment, promptly

repairing and replacing the damaged machinery, the operators are trained

adequately;

160

- Equipping with tools and protective gear for employees working in accordance

with their works;

- Training workers about labor safety in the WWTP. The company will also

cooperate with the Occupational Safety Division within Department of Labor,

War Invalids and Social Affairs of Dong Nai province to organize training on

safety rules and operating equipment;

- In addition to the above measures, the plan to reduce the impact of pollutants

on the health of workers at the central wastewater treatment plant will be fully

applied as follows;

- Have periodic health examination for staffs working in the factory;

- To ensure the microclimate factors and working conditions complying with the

standard issued by the Ministry of Health to protect the worker’s health;

- To control the noise level to meet the standards and regulations to prevent

occupational diseases caused by the manufacturing process;

- To provide training and information on sanitation and safety.

6.5. COST ESTIMATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND

MONITORING PROGRAM

Total fund for implementation of the environmental monitoring and management plan

is presented in the following table:

Table 6.8. Total fund of annual environmental monitoring and management program

Item Cost (VND/year)

Environmental Management Program 71,000,000

Environmental Monitoring Program

I Construction Stage 64,160,000

01 Wastewater monitoring 4,040,000

02 Solid waste monitoring 5,000,000

03 Air quality monitoring 16,880,000

04 Surface water quality monitoring 14,320,000

05 Groundwater quality monitoring 3,320,000

06 Soil and sediment quality monitoring 15,600,000

07 Hydrology, erosion and sedimentation monitoring 5,000,000

II Operation Stage 49,300,000

01 Wastewater monitoring 8,080,000

02 Solid waste monitoring 10,000,000

03 Sludge monitoring 3,760,000

04 Air quality monitoring 8,440,000

05 Groundwater quality monitoring 1,660,000

06 Surface water quality monitoring 7,160,000

161

Item Cost (VND/year)

07 Soil and sediment quality monitoring 5,200,000

08 Hydrology, erosion and sedimentation monitoring 5,000,000

Total 184,460,000

So the total fund for the environmental management is 71 million VND and the

environmental monitoring is 113.460 million VND. In particular, fund for the annual

environmental monitoring is 64.16 million VND during the construction phase and is

49.3 million VND during the operation phase.

162

CHƯƠNG 7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

7.1. GOALS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION

7.1.1. Appraisal Agency

Based on the consulting from local authorities and the public communities from the

affected areas, this activity will assist the Appraisal Agency to have a more completed

view over the project, and make it easy for project evaluation

7.1.2. The Project Owner

The project owner will receive feedback from local government and the public

communities then provide realistic assessments and effective mitigation proposals. In

the same time, the project owner will hold up responsibilities to carry out mitigation to

reduce long and short-term negative impacts from the projects

Furthermore, the project owner will create understandings between the public and the

WWTP staffs.

7.1.3. Consulting Agency

Consulting agency will receive feedback from local government and the public

communities from affected areas then provide realistic assessments and effective

mitigation proposals.

7.1.4. The People’s Committee and Fatherland Front Union

Public consultation will assist the Commune People Committee and Fatherland Front

Union more understandings on the projects through these points: benefits from

carrying out the Project, the environment impacts, and negative effects mitigation

measures.

This will create more understanding from local government toward the project

7.1.5. The Affected Public Communities

Public consultation will help the public communities understand more on the projects:

the benefits this Project will bring, the environment impacts, and counter measures on

negative impacts.

This will create more understanding from the public communities; including their

raise of concerns toward the project

163

7.2. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ACTIVITIES

During the EIA of the overall project Ong Keo IZ (including the build the CWTP -

Phase 1 Ong Keo IZ with a capacity of 3,000 m3/day item), the project owner and

consulting agency has consulted the People Committee, Fatherland Front Union and

public communities of Phuoc Khanh commune. However, when the component build

the CWTP - Phase 1 of Ong Keo IZ with a capacity of 3,000 m3/day, the investor has

not conducted consultations the People Committee and Fatherland Front Union again.

The contents needed for public consultation in the EIA process are including:

- Consultations on the scale and nature of the project;

- Consultations on the project’s impact on the natural and socio-economic

environment;

- Consultation on measures to minimize the project’s adverse impacts;

- Consultations on other matters (if any).

-

- Project owner have consulted these groups:

- People Committee and Fatherland Front Union of Phuoc Khanh commune (the

project location);

- The public communities, including residents lives nearby and will be affected

by the projects.

The planned activities are:

- Toward the People Committee and Fatherland Front Union of Phuoc Khanh

commune, the project owner has sent official dispatch to these local

governmental bodies. The official dispatch is attached along with this report;

- Towards the residents who living nearby and under effects of the project, the

project owner have directly reviewed and sent a survey questionnaire to take

their opinions and feedbacks about the projects. The survey questionnaire is

also attached with this report.

Note: Results consultation of Phuoc Khanh Commune People’s Committee are

presented in the Appendix II.

7.3. RESULTS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION

7.3.1. Results of Public Consultation

Results of the household’s survey about the central wastewater treatment plant are

presented in the Appendix:

According to the results of consultation of public:

164

- Supply water: all residents (28/28) were using well drilling waters. Long Tau

river water is absolutely not used for domestic, irrigation and livestock

purposes;

- Status of air pollution: according to feelings of the majority of people (24/28),

the air is not polluted. Among those, there are some people (4/28) felt

unpleasant dust during dry season by vehicles through;

- State of water pollution of the Long Tau river: According to the majority of

people (27/28), The water quality of Long Tau river is not polluted. Among

those, there are some people (1/28) living near with Long Tau river, who found

to have grease and oil on Long Tau river at some time and flood in tidal;

- For groundwater quality: According to the majority of people (28/28) who

extracted groundwater contaminated with alum.

- For health situation: the majority of people (26/28) have no respiratory-related

issues, intestinal or skin diseases. But there are some people (2/28) to have

sinus disease or dengue fever;

- For proposals: the majority of people (28/28) who did not have

recommendations about the state of the environment in which they live.

Through investigations, public consultation of people living in the downstream and

upstream along the Long Tau river and Bang canal, there were a lot of different

opinions on their actual sense about the current status of air, water, groundwater and

health. However, at the present, the WWTP of Ong Keo IZ has not come into

operation; therefore, the wastewater is not discharged into Bang canal and Long Tau

river. The project owner of the central waste water treatment plant of Ong Keo

Industrial Zone has some explanations are as follows:

This phenomenon is caused by Ong Keo Industrial Zone is located in the Long Tau

river downstream, Long Tau river flow entrained waste from upstream, or Long Tau

river is polluted due to untreated wastewater thoroughly of businesses in the industrial

park Ong Keo or stormwater runoff. About this problems, Management Board of Ong

Keo industrial zone will select time discharge and thoroughly treat wastewater before

it is discharged into the receiving water Long Tau river.

7.3.2. Opinions of Local Government

7.3.2.1. Opinions of Phuoc Khanh Commune People’s Committee

After reviewing the notice of the project’s main investment categories, environmental

issues, the environmental protection measures, Phuoc Khanh Commune People’s

Committee has the following comments:

7.3.2.2. Comments on the project's adverse impacts to the natural environment and

165

socio-economic conditions:

The People Committee of Phuoc Khanh Commune approve the impact assessment of

pollution concentrations and waste loads discharged by the WWTP to natural

conditions and environment.

7.3.2.3. Opinions about the plan to minimize the project’s impacts on natural

environment and the socio-economic development:

The People Committee of Phuoc Khanh Commune recommend the project owner to

effectively implement the stated plan to minimize the potential impacts such as solid

waste, wastewater, air emission, security and social order during the construction and

operation of the project as committed as in the EIA report.

7.3.2.4. Recommendations for project owners:

The People Committee of Phuoc Khanh Commune recommended the project owner to

implement as the commitments in the EIA report. During the construction phase, if

any risk arising, the responding measures should be quickly applied.

The project owner should have good relationships with local authorities to manage the

related issues to provide new jobs for the local people living in the project area.

7.3.2.5. Opinions of Phuoc Khanh Commune Fatherland Front Union

After reviewing the notice of the project’s main investment categories, environmental

issues, the environmental protection measures, Phuoc Khanh Commune Fatherland

Front Union has the following comments:

Comments on the project's adverse impacts to the natural, environment and socio-

economic conditions:

Phuoc Khanh Commune Fatherland Front Union agrees with the impact assessment of

pollution concentrations and waste loads discharged by the WWTP to natural

conditions and environment.

(1). Opinions about the plan to minimize the project’s impacts on natural

environment and the socio-economic development:

Phuoc Khanh Commune Fatherland Front Union recommend the project owner to

effectively implement the stated plan to minimize the adverse impacts such as waste

water, air emission, security and social order during the construction and operation of

the project as committed in the EIA report.

(2). Recommendations for project owners:

166

Phuoc Khanh Commune Fatherland Front Union recommend the project owner to

effectively implement the stated plan to minimize the potential impacts such as solid

waste, wastewater, air emission, security and social order during the construction and

operation of the project as committed as in the EIA report.

The project owner should have good relationships with local authorities to manage the

related issues to provide new jobs for the local people living in the project area.

7.4. PUBLIC INFORMATION DISCLOSER

During the construction and operation of the central wastewater treatment plant of

Ong Keo IZ, Phase 1, the project owner will prepare, and publicize the environmental

management plan at the office of the People's Committee of Phuoc Khanh Commune

for public monitoring on the contruction phase and operation phase of the project.

In addition, EIA report English version will publish on the Web site of the

Environmental Protection Fund Vietnam (PPF), Infoshop on Washington DC and

Vietnam Development Information Centre (VDIC).

7.5. COMMITMENT OF THE PROJECT OWNER

7.5.1. Undertaking Measures for Adverse Impacts Mitigation

Tin Nghia Corporation- the project owner of construction of the central wastewater

treatment plant with capacity of 3,000 m3/day commits to implement the measures to

control and minimize the adverse impacts on the environment and the socio-economic

development during construction and operation phases as specified in the EIA report.

Project owner will adopt the measures to prevent incidents and reduce pollution as

outlined in the EIA report, while to enhance the staff training to improve the

environmental management capacity of the project, to ensure that no environmental

pollution problems arising .

During the project operation, Tin Nghia Corporation will establish a management

board, which is responsible for the activities such as management of project activities,

ensuring environmental sanitation and repairing infrastructure systems, ensuring

regional security etc.

The project owner will coordinate with agencies specializing in the design and

construction of pollution control systems to achieve the level of pollution in

accordance with environmental regulations and response against environmental

incidents.

During the project construction as well as operation phases, if the incident arise and

cause the damage to residential areas surrounding the project, the project owner will

commit to compensate the damage caused by the project.

167

The project owner commits to obey the legal regulations on the management of waste

and hazardous waste before the project went into operation.

The project owner commits to complete the environmental pollution treatment

facilities and the environment pollution control systems before the project went into

operation.

The project owner commits to seriously operate the central wastewater treatment

plant, regularly monitor and report to the functional agencies.

7.5.2. Commitment for Implementation of Environmental Protection Measures

and Provisions

7.5.2.1. Commitment to meet Vietnam environmental standards/regulations during

construction and operation phases:

The project owner commit to ensure the Vietnam environmental standards/regulations

compliance during the project’s construction and operation, including:

(1). Noise, vibration:

To ensure noise generated from the project’s construction and operation will achieve

the following criteria:

Maximum permissible limit of noise in the labor areas (TCVS 3733/2002/QD-BYT:

occupational health standards, regulations on noise level and maximum concentration

of pollutants in the labor areas);

QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: Maximum allowable limit of noise intensity in public and

residential areas;

QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: Maximum allowable limit of vibration intensity in public

and residential areas.

(2). Wastewater:

Treated wastewater to reach Vietnam regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT–National

regulation about industrial discharge, Column A, Kf=0,9, Kq=0,9 before discharging

into the Lòng Tàu stream.

(3). Domestic solid waste and hazardous waste:

Collecting and transporting the solid wastes to the disposal area in compliance with

requirements on environment sanitation;

Solid waste: All solid waste volume (domestic and production solid wastes ) will be

collected, sorted and contracted with Dong Nai Urban Environment Service Company

Limited or authorised companies for collecting, transporting and processing in

accordance with safety requirements;

168

Hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes will be collected and transported to the

disposing site in accordance with safety requirements to commit compliance with

Decree 59/2007/ND-CP on the management of solid waste; Circular 12/2011/TT-

BTNMT dated 14 April 2011 on hazardous waste management;

Sludge from the central wastewater treatment plant will be tested in the analysis

laboratories then be disposed according to the regulations.

7.5.2.2. Commitment to implement all environmental protection measures and

general provisions:

Project owner commit to meet the requirements on environmental protection as

follows:

- To implement fully and accurately the contents of the approved environmental

impact assessment report;

- To meet the requirements of the environmental landscape, to protect public and

worker’s health;

- There is a professional division qualified to perform the task of environmental

protection;

- To undertake the environmental protection measures and to complete those

during the preparation and construction phases before the project operation

starts;

- To commit the compensation and remediation of environmental pollution in

case of environmental risks occurred when implementing the project;

- To commit the environmental restoration in accordance with the law on

environmental protection after the project operation ended.

Project owner commit to take full legal responsibility before Vietnam law for

violations of the International Convention, Vietnam Standards and Regulations if

incident happened to cause environmental pollution.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - World Bank · 2015. 6. 14. · i tin nghia corporation industrial...

Documents

Transcript of ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - World Bank · 2015. 6. 14. · i tin nghia corporation industrial...