Environmental Impact Assessment · Phase?Project of Changjiang ’ao Wind Power Field completed...
Transcript of Environmental Impact Assessment · Phase?Project of Changjiang ’ao Wind Power Field completed...
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Global Environmental Fund( GEF) /The World Bank
The Commercialized Development of Chinese
Regenerated Energy Project
Phase? Project of Changjiang’ao Wind Power
Field in Pingtan of Fujian
Environmental Impact Assessment
East China Investigation and Design Institution
June, 2004 Hangzhou
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AdministratorE1048 vol. 1
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Project Name: Phase?Project of Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field in
Pingtan of Fujian
Document:: Environmental Impact Assessment Report
Participated by:
Yang Jin Master of Science
Yu lan Engineer
Li jiapei Senior engineer
Checked by:
Yu lan Engineer
Reviewed by:
Wang yinlong Senior engineer
Approved by:
Rui Bingliang Senior engineer, chief engineer
EIA Organization: East China Investigation and Design Institute
EIA Certificate: Guohuanping Class A No. 2001
Entrusted by: The Arrangement Office of Phase? of Changjiang’ao Wind
Power Field
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Executive Summary
1. Preface
Entrusted by ‘the Arrangement Office of Phase? of Changjiang’ao Wind
Power Field ’, ECIDI completed “Environmental Impact Assessment of Phase II
Project of Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field” (EIA) report on June 2004.
This paper based on EIA is just a summary of main project impact,
environmental management plan, and environmental monitoring plan for
Phase? Project of Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field.
2. Project Descriptions
Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field lies in inland of bay at the northeast of
Pingtan County, 10km away from the downtown of Pingtan. Fig.1 shows its
Ilocation.
Phase?Project of Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field completed construction,
and went into operation in Oct. 2000. The total capacity is 6000kW with 10
units of wind turbine manufactured at BAZAN Company of Spain, all of which
were BAZAN-BONUS 600kW MK-IV fix-distance blades. It’s planned that total
installed capacity will be 100.5MW with 67 units of 1.5MW wind turbines of
Phase? Project of Changjiang’ao. By theoretical calculation, the yearly output
of wind power will be 273.286GWh, power utilization of 2719h and power to
the net of 259.622GWh, utilization by selling power of 2583h, and capacity
coefficient of 0.295.
Wind turbine units were arranged perpendicular to northeast, the prevail
wind direction, whereas the 67 turbine units arranged as plum-like shape
which distances of row/column are 8D(560m)× 5D(350m) around the 10
turbines of Phase I Project. The general layout of the project is shown at Fig.2.
The substation locates at the northwest of the pre-central control building.
The substation connected to the power grid with 2 output loops of 110kV
voltage.
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The land occupation is total 908.4 mu (1 mu=666.7m 2), in which 478.61mu
of permanently, and 429.43 mu of temporarily. It’s planned that the
construction area of each wind turbine is 70m×70m (including land
occupation of the wind turbine) for pilling up equipment and material and
turbine installation.
It’s preliminary estimated that the construction period of Phase II Project is
24 months after the feasibility research and the loans examined and approved
by the World Bank.
The total cost of the project is RMB 859,940,000 yuan.
3. Surrounding Environmental Conditions
Changjianao Wind Power Field lies at the inner land area of the bay, the
northwestern part of Pingtan Island. It locates at the barranca, where Hutou,
Junshan, yangmei and Yanglei Mountains or hills are in its southeast, and a
series hills called Yandui, Longtou, Furongzhai in its northwest. The Project
site lies in the barranca area between two series of mountains and hills , and its
special geographical location determined its superior wind energy resource.
There is no big river at the site area, but a relatively small stream called
Shangpanhu with less flow.
Cultivated land and forestland are the main land types. The cultivated land
vegetation is crops, such as potato, wheat, peanut, etc., and the forest land,
wooden ephedra and a small amount of jequirity trees, black pines and
wetland pines, which all belong to the shelter forestry.
Construction area isn’t migratory bird's habitat and migratory route, and no
rare protected animals were found there.
The land occupation of the project mainly belongs to Luyang Village,
Pingyuan town, Zhonglou Village and state-owned Changjiang Forest Farm. At
present, there is a “Hupuqian Relic Site”, where is 400m away from the
southwest of 46# wind turbine, which is the Neolithic culture remains about
5000- 6000 years old, un-developed up to now, and expected to be further
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explored.
A mining area of 20,000 m2 lies in the northwest of 59# wind turbine, and
the quartz sand is the main products for sale.
A Piggery Farm of “Development Co.,Ltd. of Sunshine Ecological
Agriculture” is building at the north of 44# wind turbine. It is estimated 10,000
pigs supplied annually.
4. Main Environmental Impacts
( 1) Environmental Impact during construction period
Noise is mainly caused of construction machines, such as excavating
machines and the transportation trucks, etc. According to predicting, there is
only certain acoustic influence to 3 sensitive points which are Shanxianmei,
Guanlouxia and Hupuqian, the predict noise values of which are 62dB, 61dB
and 64dB during construction period. Since no sensitive spots in 200m range
along the entrance road, it’s lightly influences acoustic environmental quality of
communication noise from transportation vehicles
Production waster water and domestic sewage are main water pollution
source. Domestic sewage contains CODCr and BOD5. After being treated by
septic pit and sewage treatment facilities underground, domestic sewage is
shed in the forest land nearby directly, consuming in form of evaporating or
leakage. Production wastes water of construction mainly come from concrete
mixer and construction machines rinsing. Production wastewater contains oil
and SS, which is reused after processing.
Because of the dust source is low and the diameter of particle is relatively
large, so air impact on surrounding environment is mainly bounded to the
range of construction. There are no sensitive spots in 200m ranges along the
construction roads, no impact on atmosphere environmental quality of
automobile tail gas and dust
The area of permanent forestland occupation is 749.71mu,which accounts
for 4.6% of the total forestland area in the site area. Besides the permanent
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land occupation, the temporal land occupation will be recovered after the
project construction. So the wind power project will not influence the local
ecological environment.
It is estimated that the total excavation amount is 42,500m 3, the total
backfill amount is 49,500 m3.The dreg from access excavation can be used for
the backfill of wind turbine basis. Through the volume balance of excavate
and backfill, there are no abandoned discards in project. The soil erosion
during constructing period is about 1350t, so the water and soil conservation
plan is needed. And the owner should engage the unit with qualification to edit
water and soil conservation plan and complete this plan before the project
starts. After site excavation, concrete poured and site backfilled must be done
in time to decrease water and soil conservation. In case of construction ending
temporary occupation land must be restored or vegetation of trees and bushes
such as wood ephedrine and black pines to prevent erosion. It is not allowed to
cut other trees around the site except those had to be cut at the project
occupation land. Discards from road excavation must be transported to
installing site nearby in time, which are used to backfill the tower base, or piled
up at the site and covered with engineering cloth to those may not be used
promptly. Protection slopes of the excavation road sections should be built at
the end of excavation to avoid soil erosion of slopes.
The basis of tower is already designed to avoid residents’ houses, there is
no house needed to be pulled down.
( 2) Environmental Impact during operation period
Pingtan County is an island, where is lack of water resource, except the
6MW wind power generators installed; power supply mainly depends on the
provincial grid. In this place, it may meet not only needs of power of Pingtan
County, but also enhance the reliability of the power supply, as well as reduce
the pressure of the power supply of the provincial grid, thus local regional
economy and social continuous development will be stimulated up.
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The main noise source during operation period came from wind turbines .
According to the confirmed standards of the local Environment Protection
Bureau (see annex4), standard of Level 2 (60dB) of is in use. Prediction shows that the noise
value at every sensitive spot meet the Level 2 standard above at daytime and
only 3 spots of Shanxianmei, Guanlouxia ND sw Hupuqian exceed the
standard (50dB) slightly at night, the maximun exceeding is only 3.3dB. It may
be eliminated the unfavorable noise impact that Turbine 39#, 47#, 63# and 64#
etc are move to the direction of sensitive spots far away 50m-100m.
The sewage of the staffs can be treated by the existing sewage treatment
facilities, then discharge into natural ditches. The oil water from the substation
can be collected into the oil pool, and then transported to the professional unit
for treatment and it will not affect the surrounding environment.
Solid wastes are mainly consisting of the domestic rubbish of workers. It’s
estimated that each person generates 1.0kg wastes every day, the amount of
the domestic rubbish is about 5.0kg/d. Because the increase of the domestic
rubbish is relatively small, so we can handle with the rubbish of Phase I Project
altogether and the rubbish will not affect surrounding environment adversely.
5 Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Management Plan includes Environmental mitigation
action plan, Environmental supervision plan and Environmental monitoring
plan.
Environmental mitigation action plan define how to take measures, who
does, who is responsible authority; Environmental supervision plan guarantees
the completion of the action plan, and realize the environmental target of the
project; Environmental monitoring Plan describes monitoring items, frequency,
method, factor, unit, responsible department and monitoring cost.
The detailed content may be reviewed at the EIA report.
Environmental management and monitoring organizations are the
important insurance for plan completion. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are organization
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structuring.
Fig.1 Environmental management Organization Chart
The
World
Bank
The arrangement office of Changjiang ’ao ? wind power field
Supervision Company
Contractor
Construction Site Affeced area
Environmental
Protection Bureau
and relevant local
department
Monitoring
unit
Fujian Changjian’ao ?Wind Power
Field Co. Ltd.
Supervising Administration and exclusive
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Fig. 2 Organizational Institution for Environmental Monitoring
The Pingtan Environmental Monitoring Station works out the monitoring
reports four times every year of construction period, once each season and
then once one year during operation period. The report should be given to the
Phase? Project of the Wind Power Field Arrangement Office, and the report
is also submitted to the World Bank and Pingtan Environmental Protection
Bureau at the same time by Phase ? Project of the Wind Power Field
Arrangement Office.
6 Analyses of Alternatives
Fuzhou Environmental Protection Bureau
Pingtan Environmental Protection Bureau The World Bank
The arrangement office of Changjiang’ao ? wind power
Supervision company
Construction site Project affected areas
External monitoring
Contractual and managerial relationship
Information exchange and submitting report
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(1)“without project” analysis
If there is no this project, the yearly increase for power demand of Pingtan
County will continue relying on the provincial power grid . Considering power
from thermal plant, then the thermal plant will consume more 90,000t coal
every year, which increase 13,200t of CO2, 1700t of SO2, 890t of NOx every
year, and produce 21,000t of solid discards at the same time. More pollution to
local environment will be occurred.
(2)”alterative project” analysis
Compared with Changjiang’ao and Longwangtou areas, Longwangtou
area is not able to install 100,000kw wind power of its natural conditions , and
construction will generate more impact on surrounding landscape and
protection zone of drinking water. There is abundant wind-force source at
Changjiang’ao field and little influence to surrounding environment, so it is
recommended as the project location.
7 Public Participation Information Disclosing
In order to obtain the opinions from the influenced people and social
groups, flowing 4 methods are adopted:(1) Issue survey sheets to the public
for specific survey in May, 2004. 15 organizations and 26 personnel’s were
investigated; (2) A symposium meeting about environment and immigrants was
held at the Government of Pingtan on May 26, 2004,to consult the opinion of
impacted residents for project construction. More than 20 impacted residents
attent the meeting; (3) Let out project information through news media; (4)
Publicize the “Environment Impact Assessment Report ” for collecting public
comments and opinions at the office of the Government of Pingtan.
It is clear from the investigation, local people supported the project
actively. The public mainly paid close attention to noise, ecology, resettlement
etc .
The owner express that they will offer the rational economic compensation
for permanent land occupation, this compensation fund will be used afforest
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vegetation in other place; temporary occupation land will restore vegetation in
time after constructing. All compensation of resettlement will be based on state
standard with the local actual conditions, and ensuring resident's interests.
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LIST OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 PREFACE..........................................................................................1
1.1 Background.............................................................................................1
1.2 Basis for Environmental Impact Assessment....................................1
1.3 Scope of Environmental Impact Assessment....................................3
1.4 Methodology of Environmental Impact Assessment ........................4
1.5 Project Impacts ......................................................................................5
1.6 Recommended Mitigation Measures ..................................................6
CHAPTER 2 SURVEY OF THE PROJECT.........................................................7
2.1 Geographical Location ..........................................................................7
2.2 Scope of the Project..............................................................................7
2.3 Introduction of the Phase I Project of the Wind Power Field ..........7
2.4 Survey of the Phase II Project of the Wind Power Field .................8
2.5 Civil engineering ....................................................................................9
2.6 Ventilating ............................................................................................ 10
2.7 Construction planning .........................................................................11
2.8 Installation for the wind turbine......................................................... 12
2.9 General construction schedule......................................................... 14
2.10 Labors ................................................................................................ 14
2.11 General investment of the project.................................................. 14
2.12 Project characteristics...................................................................... 14
CHAPTER 3 PRESENT EIA AND ASSESSMENT............................................ 16
3.1 Brief introduction................................................................................. 16
3.2 Survey of natural environment.......................................................... 16
3.3 Survey of Social Environment .......................................................... 19
3.4 Present Environmental Quality......................................................... 23
CHAPTER 4 EIA AND MITIGATION MEASURES.......................................... 25
4.1 Acoustic Environment Impact ........................................................... 25
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4.2 Ecologic Environment Impact........................................................... 32
4.3 Soil eros ion Impact............................................................................. 34
4.4 Social Environment Impact ............................................................... 38
4.5 Water Environment Impact................................................................ 41
4.6 Environment Air................................................................................... 43
4.7 Solid Wastes........................................................................................ 44
CHAPTER5 ALTERNATIVES COMPARISON................................................. 45
5.1 Instruction ............................................................................................ 45
5.2“Without Project” analysis ................................................................... 45
5.3 “Alternative project” analysis.......................................................... 45
5.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................... 48
CHAPTER6 PUBLIC PAR TICIPATION............................................................. 49
6.1 Brief Introduction................................................................................. 49
6.2 Method of Public Participation .......................................................... 49
6.3 Investigation of Public Participation................................................. 49
6.4 Information Disclosing..................................................................... 55
CHAPTER7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................. 56
7.1 Composition of environment management plan (EMP)................ 56
7.2 Environmental management and environment monitoring
organizations..................................................................................................... 57
7.3 Environmental management plan .................................................... 61
7.4 Training plan for environmental protection ..................................... 71
7.5 Work schedule..................................................................................... 72
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Table List
Table 1-1 The Scope of EIA ............................................................................3
Table 1-2 Environmental Protection Goal.....................................................3
Table 2-1 Characteristics of the Phase II Project........................................ 14
Table 3-1 Meteorological index of Pingtan ................................................... 16
Table 3-2 Index of village and town affected by the Project...................... 20
Table 3-3 Area of Ecologic public welfare forest of villages involved ....... 21
Table 3-4 Monitoring result of noise at the Project Site (daytime)............ 24
Table 4-1 Average noise level of main construction machines ................. 25
Table 4-2 Calculation result of divergence decline of construction at
daytime....................................................................................................... 26
Table 4-3 Noise impact forecasting during operation period .................. 29
Table 4-4 Noise impact forecasting around turbine location Adjusted..... 32
Table4-5 Land Occupation Requisition Table .............................................. 32
Table 4-6 The Statistical Table of Vegetation Requisition for Phase?
Project of Changjiang’ao......................................................................... 34
Table 4-7 Excavation/fill back Balance Table ............................................... 35
Table 4-8 Statistical Table of Cultivated Land Requisition for Phase?
Project of Changjiang’ao......................................................................... 39
Table 6-1 Investigated units ......................................................................... 50
Table 6-2 Composition of Inquired individuals and the ir Occupation .... 50
Table 6-3 Public Participation Survey Result( unit) .............................. 52
Table 6-4 Public Participation Survey Result( individual) ................... 53
Table6-5 Reports on Changjiang’ao ? by News Medium...................... 55
Table 7-1 Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures............................. 62
Table 7-2 The environmental supervision plan......................................... 66
Table7-3 Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................... 68
Table 7-4 Training Plan................................................................................. 72
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Table 7-5 Time Schedule for Environmental Management..................... 73
Figure List:
Fig.2-1 Present Status of the Phase I Project of Changjiang’ao Wind
Power Field ..................................................................................................8
Fig.3-1 Present vegetations at the site ......................................................... 18
Fig 3-2 Exploitation area at the quartz mine ................................................ 22
Fig. 3-3 Building Piggery Farm ....................................................................... 23
Total .................................................................................................................... 32
Fig7-1 Environmental management Organization Chart ........................... 57
Fig7-2 Organizational Institution for Environmental Monitoring............. 61
Attached figure:
Fig.1 Geographic Location of the Project
Fig.2 Location of Sensitive Spots
Annex:
1 Certification of the Forest-Resource Administration Station of Pingtan
County of Fujian Province
2 Certification of Culture Administration Bureau (Sports Bureau) of Pingtan
County
3 Tables of The public questionnaire (group,& individual) for EIA of the
Phase II Project of Pingtan Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field
4 The confirmed standards for EIA of the Phase II Project of Pingtan
Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field
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Chapter 1 Preface
1.1 Background
Pingtan County lies in the coastal area of the east of Fujian, 128km away
from Fuzhou City. The whole county is made up of numerous islands; the
largest island is Haitan Island, which is the first largest island in Fujian
Province. The place nearest to the land is 2~3 nautical miles..
Pingtan Island locates northwest of the strait in Pingtan County. There are
tow mountains, Hutou Mountain ~ Jun Mountain ~ yangmei Mountain ~ Yanglei
Mountain in the southeast of field location, Yandui Mountain ~ Longtou
Mountain ~ Furong Stockaded Village in the Northwest. The wind power field
lies in the barranca area between two mountains, its special geographical
position has determined its superior wind energy resource.
Pingtan county and neighboring Fuqing City are both the poor area of the
waterpower recourses , power come from the province grid mainly. The
Changjiang’ao ? wind power field will assigned 67 sets of wind turbines of
1.5MW grade altogether, the total installation capacity of 100.5MW and yearly
power yield of 260 million kW.h to electric wire netting.
In this place establishing wind-intensity power plant, not only can meet the
needs of using power of Pingtan county, and enhance the reliability of the
power supply, but also can offer superfluous power sources for Fuqing city to
reduce the pressure of the power supply of the provincial grid, thus local
regional economy and social continuous development will be stimulated up.
1.2 Basis for Environmental Impact Assessment
As required by the World Bank, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
report must be prepared for the Pingtan Changjiang’ao ? Wind Power Project.
The project has been assigned a Category ‘B’ rating under the World Bank’s
requirements.
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The EIA report analyzes and estimates the impact of project construction
on the ecological, Acoustic, social environments. It describes the existing
environmental and socio-economic conditions that could be affected adversely
or beneficially by the project, identifies potentially significant impacts, and
recommends measures for mitigating the serious negative impacts. The report
also suggests necessary measures for enhancing beneficial impacts.
The following state and provincial policies, regulations and standards
have been followed in preparing the EIA report.
(1)Law of the People ’s Republic of China( Dec.1989)
(2)Environmental Assessment law of the People ’s Republic of China( Sep.
2003)
(3)Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Conservation of water and
Soil( Jun. 1991)
(4) land Control Law in the People's Republic of China( Jan.1999)
(5)Forestry Law of the People ’s Republic of China( Apr.1998)
(6)Regulations of the People ’s Republic of China Concerning prevention of
Environmental Noise Pollution( Mar.1997)
(7) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention of Environmental
Pollution by Solid Wastes (Apr. 1996)
(8) Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of
Water Pollution (May 1996)
(9)Environmental protection management rule of the construction project( Nov.
1998)
(10) Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (Dec.1998)
(11) Environmental protection Rule of Fujian
(12) Outline of National Ecological Environment Protection (the State Council,
Dec. 2000)
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(13) Classification of Environmental Protection Management for Construction
Projects [Jan. 19, 2003].
(14) Technical Guidelines (general as well as atmospheric , ground water and
acoustic environment) of Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.1~
2.3–93/2.4 – 1995)
(15) Notification of Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment
Management for Construction Project Funded by International Monetary
Organization
(16) Feasibility Study Report of Changjiang’ao ? Wind Power Field
1.3 Scope of Environmental Impact Assessment
The scope of EIA covers the wind power field, the land taken up by project
construction, central control building and the surrounding area .The scope is
shown in table1-1.
Table 1-1 The Scope of EIA
EIA factor Scope
1 Water environment
Water areas (Shangpan brook) in the project area.
2 Acoustic environment
Sensitive points in the project area and in 200m ranges around, including the village and school, as shown in table 1-2.
3 Ecological environment
Forestland, cultivated land in the project area and 1km range around, including the animals and plants.
Table 1-2 Environmental Protection Goal
Village Name the nearest distance from
the air blower( m) Request
1 Shangpan 370
2 Shanxianmei 145
3 Fengmei 400 4 Wufeng 275
5 Yuyao 200
6 Guanlouxia 160 7 Lulou 535 8 Xibianlou 275
9 Yangjia 325 10 Kunhulou 290
? level of “the noise standard in the urban area”( GB3096- 93) ( 60dB in
daytime? 50dB at night) ;
?level of “the standard of atmosphere environmental quality”( GB 3095- 1996)?
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11 Luyang middle
school 635
12 The Pig farm 300 13 HUpuqian 120
1.4 Methodology of Environmental Impact Assessment
1.4.1 Data Collection and Field Investigation
Two environmental surveys of the project area and its surroundings were
initiated in Nov.2002 and in May.2004.
Survey staff has monitoring acoustic environmental quality within the
project-affected area, conduct survey of terrestrial animals and plants in the
project area, and consulted the relevant department of Pingtan county.
1.4.2 Methods of Analysis
Qualitative methods were used to analyze the extent of potential impacts
during construction and operation period.
Quantitative analytical methods were used to analyze the extent of
potential impacts of acoustic environment.
1.4.3 Public Participation
During preparation of the EIA report, the report stressed on the public
participation in project survey according to the current relevant Chinese laws
and regulations.
The affected people and social groups were interviewed and the
environment & resettlement symposium was held. The questionnaire were
printed and distributed for obtaining opinion.
At the same time, the information about project construction and
environmental protection was often publicized on local news medium to make
masses have deep knowing about the project.
EIA report of the project will be made available for public review in the
office of Pingtan County.
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1.5 Project Impacts
1.5.1 Benefits of project
Wind energy is the regenerated energy, Chinese Government encourages
to develop wind-force resources.
The project is to offer power of 260 million kw.h to Fujian Province grid
every year. Wind power project can be complementary with hydraulic power
generation project in Fujian Province and can offer superfluous power sources
for the provincial grid .
Construction of this project will guarantee Pingtan county and Fuqing
City’s developing demand for electric load, reduce the corresponding line
power loss, realize energy diversification of electricity, improve the quality and
dependability of electric wire netting, bring about an advance in regional
economy.
1.5.2 Negative impact
Construction of Changjiang’ao project is predicted to have following main
negative impacts:
(1) Construction Period
Construction of this project will cause impacts such as water pollution,
atmospheric pollution, noise, soil erosion, vegetation destroyed etc. If
untreated production wastewater and domestic sewage of workers discharged
directly into the river in the project area, the quality of river will deteriorate.
The noise of constructing has influence on constructors and nearby village,
the waste gas has influence on the constructors mainly.
Construction will take up some cultivated land and forestland. It cause a
certain influence to the local ecological environment. Excavating and backfill
will cause water and soil loss.
There is a “Hupuqian Relic site” 400m southwest off 46# wind turbine,
which is the Neolithic culture remains about 5000- 6000 years old, with an area
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of 2500m2.In construction period, construction is forbid in this area.
(2) Operation Period
It will produce the noise that the air blower is operated, and bring certain
adverse effect on acoustic environment of nearby village. Land occupation
forever will cause a certain influence to local ecological environment, water
and soil conservation, etc.
1.6 Recommended Mitigation Measures
The environmental mitigation measures in construction period of the
project includes water environmental protection, atmosphere environmental
protection, protection of acoustic environment, ecological environmental
protection, water and soil conservation, protection of historic relic site, etc.
We have already made the detailed environmental management plan,
which contains environmental mitigation action plan, environmental
supervision plan and environmental monitoring plan.
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Chapter 2 Survey of the Project
2.1 Geographical Location
Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field locates at the inner bay area, where is
about 10 kilometers away from the downtown of Pingtan. It faced to Taiwan
Ditch on the Northeast, and Haitan Ditch on the South-West. Fig.1 shows its
geographical location.
2.2 Scope of the Project
67 units of the wind power turbine will be installed at the newly built wind
power field, the total volume of which reaches to 100.5MW, and it will supply
the power of 260 mega-kW.h to the power grid.
2.3 Introduction of the Phase I Project of the Wind Power Field
The phase I project located at the central area of the planned wind power
field, where is showed at Fig.2.
6000kW of power units were installed at the phase I Project, the total
investment is RMB 600,000. 10 units of wind turbine manufactured at BAZAN
company of Spain, all of which were BAZAN-BONUS 600kW MK-IV
fix-distance screw blades, and the unit capacity is 600kW. The diameter of the
wind turbine is 44m, each wind turbine consists of 3 blades and and the hight
of the tower is 50m.
The output voltage of the wind turbines is 690V, and the power connected to
the Pingyuan Transformer substation as single 35kV loop after one level
transformed, of which the 35kV power facilities is a single bus loop that layed
out on the wind power field composed of the 10 sets of wind turbines, of which
the central control building was at the central area, where 100m away on the
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north of the turbine7#, and the building was designed as 20MW power output
in advance.
The Phase I Project occupied 13 mu (1mu=667 m2) of lands permanently,
and about 20 mu for construction period use temporarily, all of which were
forest lands of state-run Changjiang Forestry Farm.
The Phase I Project began to construction from Oct.1,1999, and the 10
turbines generated power to the power grid smoothly on Oct.5, 2000, and it run
well since then. To June 2002, 27.17 million kW.h power in total was generated,
in which 14.49 million kW.h power was sent to the power grid in 2001, and its
annual output reached to 2520h. The present status of the Phase I Project is
shown at Fig.2-1 .
View of the wind power field Base of the wind turbine
Fig.2-1 Present Status of the Phase I Project of Changjiang ’ao Wind Power Field
2.4 Survey of the Phase II Project of the Wind Power Field
2.4.1 Layout of the wind turbines
Wind turbine units were arranged perpendicular to the prevail wind direction
North-east, whereas the 67 turbine units arranged as plum-like shape which distances
of row/column are 8D(560m)� 5D(350m) around the 10 turbines of Phase I Project. The
general layout of the project is shown at Fig.2.
2.4.2 Selection type of the wind turbine
From the feasibility research of the project, it’s planned to choose the wind turbine
units that are 1.5MW, varied blade -distance, constant frequency and varied speed. The
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rated power of the turbine is 1.5MW, the diameter of its blade is 70.5m, the height of its
wheel hub is 65m, the starting wind-speed is 4.0m/s, its rated wind speed is 12.0m/s and
the tangent wind speed is 25.0 m/s.
2.4.3 Electrical
The scope of the Phase II Project of Pingtan Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field is
67� 1.5MW, and its transformer substation locates near the pre-central control building.
The transformer substation connected to the power grid with 2 output loops of 110kV
voltage.
The output power lines connect the generator to transformer directly, and it sends
power of 10kV with the group composed of 5 units of generator. At the high voltage end
of the 1 st level transformer, the cable of HLYFGV22-10-3x95 connects to the ring bus of
10kV, then the group of composed of 5 units connects the 10kV bus of the wind power
field with 2 cables of HLYFGV22-10-3x120. The 1st transformer located at the bottom of
the tower, which is SCB10-1600/10 dried transformer, and the ring-bus box locates at
the 5 wind power turbines near the 110kV transformer substation. The distribution facility
of the group composed 5 generators consists of ring-bus box and power switches with
fuse. It ’s calculated that the total power loss from the bottom of the tower to the 10kV
bus of the 110kV transformer substation of the wind power field is 105.4kW, and the
average loss of each unit is 21.1kW.
2.5 Civil engineering
2.5.1 Base of the wind power turbine
It’s planned to choose the independent reinforced concrete large C30 plate base
for the wind turbine tower, of which the lower size is 18� 18m, the height is 1-2m, the
upper size is 6� 6m, and the volume of the concrete is about 600m3.
According to the different geological condition of the units, the depths of bases are
about 5m, which tops reach the same height as the ground surface, and the support
levels are common medium sands. Construction for the pits of the bases are open dug
with slops.
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2.5.2 Central control building
The central control building is expanded to 4 meters of the previous, which 2 office
rooms are increased on the 1st floor, and enlarged the areas of the 2nd and 3 rd floors
which were former semi-layer of cables and main control rooms. He total enlarged area is
100m2.
2.5.3 Power distribution facility room and transformer room
There are 2 layers of the Power distribution facility rooms, 10kV power distribution
facilities and capacitance room on the 1 st floor, which height is 4.80m, and 110kV GIS on
the 2nd floor, the layer is 9.60m high. The main transformer rooms of 1#, 2#, and 3# are
on the ground floor, which layer height is 14.40m, and the total area is 965m 2.
2.6 Ventilating
It’s natural ventilation and mechanical exhaust on the semi-layer of cables, and it
should not be less than 6 times per hour (6/h) to exchange the remain heats in the
rooms. One T35-11 axial-flow fan is selected which ventilation volume is 1364m3/h.
Natural ventilation and mechanical exhaust are used for the 110kVGIS distribution
facility room and it normally exc hanged the air not less than 2 times per hour (2/h). The
input ventilation is at the lower part of the room, whereas the output exhaust connects
out of the room and higher than the roof. The milti-flow fan of SWF-I is selected, which
total ventilation volume is 5252 m3/h.. The upper part accident ventilation system is
installed in the room, and its total exchanging ventilation times should not be less than 4
every hour. The anti-corrode axial-flow fan of BT35-11 is selected which ventilation
volume is 1905 m3/h. In case of accidence, the normal ventilation system runs and the
accident ventilation system started at the same time. Anti-corrode fan is selected and
ventilation pipes are painted with anti-corrode oil paints .
Natural ventilation and mechanical exhaust are used for the 110kV power
distribution facility and capacitance rooms. The ventilation amount is counted according
to the temperature should not higher than 40? . 3 axial-flow fans of T35-11, each
ventilation volume is 5881m 3/h.
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Natural ventilation is used at the main transformer room, and the ventilation amount
is counted according to the temperature should not exceed 45? .
2.7 Construction planning
2.7.1 Communication
(1) Present communication facilities
To outer areas, it’s by ships from Port Lianggong of Pingtan to Xiaoshandong of
Fuqing, where the Provincial highway connects express highway from Fuzhou to
Xiamen. At present, Port Lianggong of grade 5000t is the largest port of Pingtan, and
Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field is about 28km away from Port Lianggong.
Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field connects downtown of Pingtan via highway of
Pingtan to Suao, then to Port Lianggong from the county highway of Pingtan. It’s in
convenience around the Wind Power Field.
(2) Large (long) goods shipping
For the w ind power generator units which capacity is 1.5MW, it’s normal
shipping of the turbine cabin which is the heaviest part, while the blades that is the
longest parts(its length is about 34m) need to be considered as super long shipping.
All cabins and blades are import equipment that were shipped by ocean ships to
Port Mawei of Fuzhou, then to Port Lianggong of Pingtan by smaller ships, and
finally to the site by flat truck. The roads for transportation are county or village
highways which radii meet the needs for large equipment.
2.7.2 General layout of the site
67 units of the wind turbine will be arranged at the planned field. According to
construction planning, it’s considered that each unit occupies the area of 25� 25m. The
construction site for each unit arranges on the spot, and a land of 70 � 70m is
considered as the construction site of each unit because of the pile of equipment and
the materials as well as installation of cabin and blades, where includes the land
occupied by the wind turbine.
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According to the system planning, the wind power field connects the power grid with
110kV, which output cables are 2 loops to the 110kV Beicuo transformer substation
where is 15km away on the South. The transformer substation of the wind power field
locates at the central north of the site, which is enlarged to the built substation of the
phase I project of Pingtan Wind Power Field. The 110loops output to the south, and it’s
in convenience of the loops.
Construction and watching paths in the site are built with silt and gravels, and the
length of the newly built roads is 31.50km, which width of the base is 4.5m.
2.7.3 Construction of the principal engineering
Since construction works of the field are the same to others, and their routes are long,
a temporary construction base at the central site would be built for convenience of works,
in which arranged temporary living houses, storages etc. Removal air -compress and
concrete-mix station will be set according to the characteristic independence for each
unit.
2.7.4 Construction for the base of the wind turbine
The base of the wind turbine is mass concrete, which is built at only one time.
2.7.5 Construction for other buildings
The schedules for the central control building, power distribution rooms and
transformer rooms etc. are like follows: excavation of bases, concrete mix of bases,
concrete mix for the column, concrete plates and beams, laying bricks of the wall,
windows and doors installation, decoration for inner and outer parts, electrical facilities in
the rooms, decoration and installation for inner and outer remain parts, and finally
finished.
2.8 Installation for the wind turbine
2.8.1 Main mechanical equipment
main crane : 300t track crane
associate : 80t hydraulic stretch track crane
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track cranes may be got by renting.
2.8.2 Layout of the installation site
The main parts of the wind turbine include blades, cabin, rectifier hub, wheel hub,
and the tower cylinder etc. Generally, all parts are shipped to the installation site directly.
The location of the parts piled at the site depends on their size and the installation
schedules.
According to the weight of the cabin, includes the wheel hub, and the feature of the
track crane, it’s determined that the distance from the center of the track crane to the
center of the wind turbine base is about 15m (i.e. the range of the track crane). The
installation length for hanger of truss on the ground is 75m.
It’s demanded that the wheel hub, blades, and the rectifier hub will be installed on
the ground, and the total length from the center of the wheel hub to the end of the blade
is about 35m.
2.8.3 Method of installation
The procedure for separately installation of the parts include the frame of the tower
should be as follows:
The bottom, middle and upper parts of the tower should be separately installed in
order. It should be connected to the technical specification between the bottom part of
the tower and the upper flange panel of the wind turbine base joint part, as well as the
end flange panels between tower frames.
The blade and pilot systems should be locked before the cabin installation. When
installing, hanging up the cabin about 0.15m on the ground, checking if the steel rope
system meet the demand of intensity, then keep on starting track crane after approval,
and the cabin is lifted slowly to the upper location of the tower, it’s connected properly
between the bottom grange of the cabin and the top of the tower.
The wheel hub, blades and the rectifier hub are installed assembly on the ground. It
should keep 3 blades balanced while the track crane lifts the wheel, and the wheel and
cabin joint reliably via flanges as the center of the wheel rises slowly to the front of the
cabin.
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The wind turbine installation is accomplished when all operation above finished, and
mechanical equipment removed.
2.9 General construction schedule
According to the condition of hydrology, meteorology, terrain, geology and
communication of the site area, as well as the circumstance of the project, the general
time limit of the project is preliminary estimated as 24 months after the feasibility
research and the loans examined and approved by the World Bank, under the
consideration of one set of track cranes rented and installation of the wind turbine one
by one.
2.10 Labors
After the Phase II project of Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field completion, 15 staffs
are specified, and staffs work in 3 shifts.
2.11 General investment of the project
It’s estimated that the general investment of the project is RMB 85.994 million
yuan.
2.12 Project characteristics
Table 2-1 shows the characteristics of the Phase II Project of Changjiang’ao Wind
Power Field.
Table 2-1 Characteristics of the Phase II Project
Order & Name Unit Amount Note I Wind Power resource
1 Annual Average wind speed m/s 8.21 70m above the ground
2 Wind power density W/m 2 476
3 Prevail Wind direction N, NNE, NE 4 Ratio of Prevail Wind direction % 66
II Main Equipment
1 Main Mechanical& Electrical Equipment
Wind Power Generator
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Order & Name Unit Amount Note
Quantity set 67
Rated Power kW 1500 Number of Blades 3
Diameter of Wind Wheel m 70.5 Swept Area of Wind Wheel m2 3903
Speed of Wind Wheel rpm 11~ 22 Variable
Tangent Input Wind Speed m/s 4
Rated Wind Speed m/s 12
Tangent Output Wind Speed m/s 25 Safety Wind Speed m/s 59.5
Height of Wheel Hub m 65
Rated Voltage V 690 Central Monitor System set 1
2 Complete Output Engineering To Beicuo Transformer Substation
110 kV Separation set 2 2Loops, 110kV Transmission Lines km 15
III Civil Engineering 1 Central Control Building 1 Type Frame Structure
Feature of the Base Medium Sand
2 Base of Wind Power Generator hole 67
Type Independent Feature of the Base Medium Sand
3 Permanent Occupation Land hm2 31.63 474.55mu
Area of Wind Power Turbines hm2 4.18 Area of Transformer Substation hm2 0.46
Area of Site Roads and Sub-cable hm2 26.99 IV Construction 1 Amount of Main Engineering
Excavation of Wind Turbines and Transformer Substation m
3 30,000
Fill of Wind Turbines and Transformer Substation
m3 42,000
Excavation of Site Roads m3 12,500
Fill of Site Roads m3 7,500
2 Main Building Materials
Cement t 18615 Reinforcing Steel Bar t 1749
Steel t 640
Timber m3 374 Sand & Stone m3 121355
3 Newly Built Roads km 31.50
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Order & Name Unit Amount Note
4 Construction Time Limit
Total Time Limit month 24 Installation & Debug week 28
5 Rent lands for Construction hm 2 18.85
Chapter 3 Present EIA and Assessment
3.1 Brief introduction
The natural and social environments, as well as present environment quality of the
project site and its surrounding areas are mainly introduced in the chapter.
3.2 Survey of natural environment
3.2.1 Climate
Pingtan locates at the edge of the Eurasia, and it is typical subtropical monsoon
climate. The climate feature is that the dry and rain season is separated obviously, and
it’s warm in winter and cool in summer, it’s rare of frost and snow.
Table 3-1 lists the climate index of the project area that is according to the statistics of
Pingtan Metrological Station.
Table 3-1 Meteorological index of Pingtan
Item Unit Value Item Unit Value
Annual average temperature
�C
19.5 Annual gale days(minimum)
d 51
Extremely high temperature
�C
37.4 Annual fog days d 23
Extremely low temperature
�C
0.9 Annual fog
days(maximum d 35
Annual average precipitation
mm 1151.5 Annual fog days(minimum)
d 9
Annual precipitation days d 131.0
Annual thunderstorm(average) d
24.4
Annual gale days(average) d 98.3
Annual thunderstorm(maximum) d
36
Annual gale days(maximum)
d 176 Annual thunderstorm(minimum)
d 17
Annual average wind speed m/s 8.25 Prevail wind direction
NE
Rare snow, no snow gathered and rime
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Pingtan Wind Power Field locates along the coast, and its principal meteorological
disaster is typhoon (the tropics cyclone and thunderstorm.
According to the statistics of typhoon in Fujian Province, there are 6 tropical cyclones
influenced Pingtan Island annually, and their wind speeds are mostly under 25m/s, while
those greater than 25m/s are in 20 hours by average.
Thunderstorm is one of the disasters of the area. The distinguishing feature of
thunderstorm in Fujian Province is that they mostly occurred in inner mainland and less
along the coast and islands. The annual-average- day of Pingtan County is 24.4d.
3.2.2 Topography and geology
It’s mainly ocean deposit plains of Pingtan’s topography, and it shows the feature of
island-bulge. The planned project site locates at the north area of Pingtan, where the
terrain slopes gently, that belongs to the coastal wind deposit plain and separate
remnant hills, which may be divided as remnant hill district (diorite) and plain(diorite and
granite) in geological units.
According to of the State Bureau of
Seismology in 1990, the basic earthquake intensity of the site area is 7.
3.2.3 Soil
There are 6 types of soil in Pingtan, that are brick-red soil, coastal sand, salt soil, rice
soil, red soil and wet soil, which are 46%, 23.3%,3.16%, 0.66%, 0.45% and 0.19% of
total land squares. All of them are thin layers and low nutrient. Black pines and jequirity
trees are suited to be planted at the brick-red soil and red soil, whereas wood ephedrine,
wet-land pines and artificial trees are appropriate growing at the coastal sand, salt soil,
rice soil and wet soil.
Soil at the project area is mainly coastal sand soil.
3.2.4 Hydrology
There is no river in Pingtan, and surface runoff is weak there. It’s lack of water area,
where is mainly depends on rain and underground water.
There is no river in the planned project site area, and only a small stream called
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Shangpanhu, which flow is small.
3.2.5 Vegetation
The project locates at wind gap, where the weather is bad, and the present vegetation
crops and coastal windbreak forest. Sweet potato, wheat, peanut and other crops are
planted in the farmland. Wood ephedrine is the main plants with small amount of
jequirity trees, black pines and wetland pines in the forest. Please see Fig. 3-1.
Fig.3-1 Present vegetations at the site
3.2.6 Terrestrial animal
From the investigation of our Institute for the project area in May 2004, no migratory
birds and rare protected animals were found.
It’s confirmed by the Protection & Management Station of Wild Animal in Pingtan that
here is neither habitat place of migratory birds, nor rare protected animals, where are
only small wild animals such as sparrows and voles etc.
3.2.7 Soil erosion
From the primary statistics results of the satellite remote sensing investigation, the soil
erosion area in Pingtan is 96 km2,.7km2, which is 33.05% of all land there, in which light
erosion 6.28 km2, Medium 14.36, and heavy erosion 6.53 km2. The reason of erosion is
mainly wind erosion. The soil erosion at the planned project site area is considerably
heavy, where belongs focal administration district.
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3.3 Survey of Social Environment
3.3.1 Regional economy
There are 5 towns and 10 villages governed in Pingtan County, where its total
population is 387,000, in which non-agricultural population is 15.1%, the density of
population is 1249 person/ km2.
Luyang village, Town of Pingyuan, Zhonglou village and Changjiang region of
State-run Forest Farm are mainly related of the project site.
Luyang village’s total area is 14.86km 2, its population 6737 in 2003, which is 1.7% of
that of the County, and its population density is 453persons/km 2. Agriculture is the
primary in Luyang’s economy and sweet potato, wheat, peanut are main crops there.
Output of peanut occupies a larger amount in the County, and its output per mu yields is
comparatively high. Total output value of agricultural, forest, livestock and fishing is RMB
4,014 yuan.
Town of Pingyuan’s total area is 23.68km2, its population 25,000 in 2003, which is
6.7% of that of the County, and its population density is 1056 persons/km2. Planting is
the primary in Town of Pingyuan and the total output value of agricultural, forest,
livestock and fishing is RMB 6,938 yuan.
Zhonglou village’s total area is 17km 2, its population 22,000 in 2003, which is 6% of
that of the County, and its population density is 1,294 persons/km 2. Agriculture and
aquatic are main production, that peanut and aquatics are main export products there.
Total output value of agricultural, forest, livestock and fishing is RMB 6,558 Yuan.
3.3.2 Present land use
Farmland and forest are main types at the project area, land occupation involves
Luyang and Zonglou village, Town of Pingyuan and State-run Forest Changjiang Region.
4667 mu in total area of the State-run Forest Changjiang Region will be occupied, in
which forest 4096mu include shelter-forest 3884mu, economical forest 68mu and
technical experimental forest 142mu. The shelter-forest is mostly composed of wood
ephedrine, and less wetland pines with a small amount of jequirity trees. Economical
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forest is mainly made up of oranges and tangerines. No migratory birds and rare
protected animals were found. The timber stored up of the region is 5,460 m3 at the end
of 2001. 2 staffs (protectors) were employed in the region, and no other persons living
there.
Table 3-2 shows indexes of villages and towns affected by the Project.
Table 3-2 Index of village and town affected by the Project
Town or Village
Village Population Farmland (mu)
Forest (mu)
Lubei 568 695.6 483 Luyang
Yangzhong 1583 1621.1 317.6
Fengmei 2158 732.2 1470 Jianhu 1215 524.6 825
Liaoyuan 4287 1482.4 660
Shanxianmei 1842 626.3 1335
Shangpan 1859 678.4 1192
Rongshan 1228 386.5 889
Town of
Pingyuan
Wufeng 2196 649.3 149 Guanshan 2800 1073 2749
Kunhu 1295.8 592.1
State-run Changjiang Forest region
4026
3.3.3 Tourism resource
Pingtan County is rich in coastal tourism resources, and Haitan Scenic spot is
confirmed as one of the National key scenic spots.
There’s no scenic spot at the Project area, only Junshan Scenic spot is near the site
where locates at the south-east, the direct distance between them is about 3 km. The
location of Junshan is shown at Fig.1.
3.3.4 Wind power resource
The direction of prevail wind at Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field is NE, that the wind
speed declines weaker from the north to the south at the site area. According to the
hourly data of 8760 hours in the representative year to the wind speed and direction
from the observation tower located at the north of the site, it’s determined that the
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annual average wind speed at 70m above the ground is 8.21m/s, density of the wind
power is 476W/m 2, therefore there is 140,000kW of wind power at the site.
Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field is rich superiority in wind power resource.
3.3.5 Fishery
There are vast coastal beach and water area in Pingtan, and plenty of aquatic
products, where includes 80 fishery resource maintain regions . According to the function
diversion districts from < Function diversion districts of the sea in Pintan> (Bureau
of Sea and Fishery of Pingtan, Aug. 2002), the fishery resource and maintain areas
are mainly distributed at the south -east of the Project site. There’s no fishery
port,aquatic maintain, increasing and capture areas region near the beach of the Project
site, therefore no influence to the fishery resource.
3.3.6 Ecologic public welfare forest
From (Sep.2001), it’s determined that the area of state ecologic public welfare forest
is 82,207mu, and the area of Provincial ecologic public welfare forest is 65,502mu.
All forest lands of Shangpan, Rongshan,Jianhu village of Pingyuan Town, and Lubei
of Luyang Village, Guanshang of Zhonglou Village, and State-run Forest Fam
Changjiang Region belong to State or Provincial ecologic public welfare forest which are
also shelter-forest. Table 3-3 shows the detail.
Table 3-3 Area of Ecologic public welfare forest of villages involved
Unit:mu Town/Village State ecologic public
welfare forest
Provincial ecologic public
welfare forest
Pingtan County 82,207 65,502
Luyang Village 704 9,484
Town of Pingyuan 2,484 5,733
Zhonglou Village 1,099 9,067 State-run Forest
Farm
17,153 161
Forest Farm of Changjiang Region
4,026 /
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3.3.7 Cultural relic and historic site
There is a long history in Pingtan, and abundant cultural relic, where is one of the
earliest ancients of Fujian Province.
There is the County relic protection spot Hupuqian Relic, that is 400m away from the
south-west of the 46# wind power turbine. This relic locates at the south -west slop of a
small hill, where is at the east of Hupuqian Village of Pingyuan Town, which the height is
15m and its area is 2500m2. It ’s a historic relic of the Neolithic Age of 5,000-6,000 years
ago, and it’s not exploited now, and it needs further criticism research. The location of
the relic is shown at Fig.2.
There is no other cultural relic spot found near the Project site.
3.3.7 Mineral resource
Rock, quartz sand and sea salt etc are main mineral resources in Pingtan.
There is quartz sand mine is at the northwest of the planned 59# wind power turbine,
which area is about 20,000m 2, and its products are quartz sands for selling. Fig.3-2
shows the mine.
Fig 3-2 Exploitation area at the quartz mine
3.3.8 Breeding
A piggery farm is under building at the north of 44# wind power turbine, which belongs
to ‘Sunlight ecology Agricultural Development
Ltd. Co.’. It’s estimated that 10,000 pigs will be output by the farm when it is builted.
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Fig.3-3 shows the building piggery farm.
Fig. 3-3 Building Piggery Farm
3.4 Present Environmental Quality
The site of Changjiang ’ao Wind Power Field belongs to the village inhabitant area,
and the present acoustic environment follows the Standard 1 of (GB 3096-93), that is 55dB at daytime and 45dB at night. While the
project is under building or completed, it’s a mixed area with inhabitants, commercial
and industry, the sensitive spots around the Wind Power Field follow the Standard 2
during its operation that is 60dB at daytime and 50 dB at night. The environmental
atmosphere must meet the demand of Standard 1 of (GB 3095-1996). Above standards have been confirmed by the
environmental Bureau in Pingtan(see annex4).
There are large amount of ecologic public welfare forest in the project site at present,
which are good at shelter for wind and sand, and less inhabitants live at the site, no
obvious air pollution source there, the quality of air is good.
To understand the present acoustic quality of the planned project area, our Institute on
May24 2004 did monitoring for the present acoustic environment, and the Noise Statistic
Analyzer of AWA6218B was used. The measurement spots are mainly considered to the
location of the present noise source and sensitive spots, which location is shown at
Fig.2 and the result see Table 3-4.
From the result of monitoring, it’s obviously that the monitored spots that are near the
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communication source, such as spot2#, 3#and 4#, their noise are all exceed the
Standard 1 of (GB 3096-93), whereas all
others meet the Standard 1 when they were not interference of communication.
Table 3 -4 Monitoring result of noise at the Project Site (daytime)
No. Location of the measurement spot Leq(dB)
1 On the road to the site, at the north-east
of the pre-wind power site
50.4
2 Under 7# wind turbine, 1m to it 60.8
3 Between 8# and 9# wind turbines 57.7
4 160m to 7# wind turbine, vertical to the blade surface
55.3
5 160m to 7# wind turbine, parallel to the blade surface
52.8
6 Office building of Luyang Village 49.3
52.6(no
traffic)
7 Shangpan village, at the side of highway
73.8 (traffic)
8 Spare land of the south to Shangpan, and the north to Shanxianmei,the nearest distance to the wind turbine is 300m
48.2
54.2(no traffic)
9 Primary School of Shanxianmei
67.6
(traffic) 10 Piggery Farm 44.6
STANDARD 55
*The list wind turbines are 1#-10# wind turbines of the Phase I Project of Changjiang’ao Wind Power Field, which are in operation.
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Chapter 4 EIA and Mitigation Measures
4.1 Acoustic Environment Impact
4.1.1 Construction stage
4.1.1.1 Construction mechanical noise
Civil engineering mainly includes excavation of the base of wind turbines,
installation site leveling, construction of newly built roads at the site and
building production and living construction etc.
Construction noise is generated from construction machines of civil
excavation and transportation. Machines such as concrete mixers, pneumatic
drills, excavators, heavy trucks etc as well as transportation trucks generate
noise when they run. The average acoustic level of primary construction
machines is listed at Table 4-1. Generally, Noise impact is only considered at
daytime, as it didn’t work at night during construction period. According to the
schedule for construction, the concrete was centralized mixed of movable
mixers, the main construction machines at each wind turbine are pneumatic
drills and excavators. The construction noise at daytime is primarily considered,
which source intensity is counted as 84dB.
Table 4-1 Average noise level of main construction machines
Machine name Noise level(dB) Noise limitation
(daytime,dB)
Concrete mixer 64 75 Pneumatic drill 84 85
Excavator 80 75
Carry truck 80 Note: (1) Listed data is measured at 15m to the noise source.
(2) Noise limitation is the related standard value on (GB 12523-90).
Investigation at the site shows that the construction site is smooth terrain, no objects
sheltered around. It’s mainly considered the geometric divergence decline and ground
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additional divergence decline of the point acoustic source to forecast the noise impact of
construction machines. According to , the basic formula for geometric divergence decline for non-direction
acoustic source is selected:
LA(r) = LA(r0)-20lg(r/r0)-AEXC
In which:
LA(r): noise A pressure of the forecast point(dB)
LA(r0) : noise A pressure of the reference point(dB)
r: distance between the forecast point and noise source(m)
r0: distance between the reference point and noise source (m),
15m selected
AEXC: additional divergence decline of ground effect,
AEXC=5 lg(r/r0), the maximum value of forecast result is 10dB.s
Construction noise is merged from several machines run simultaneously. According to
the feature of constructionfor the wind power field, each unit is a cons truction spot, and
several spots run in turn, and the quantity of machines is comparatively small at the
same time and same spot, therefore the noise level of several machines is counted as
87dB (15m).
Table 4 -2 Calculation result of divergence decline of construction at
daytime
Unit:dB
r(m) 50 100 135 180 Standard
single 77 71 63 60 57 L(r)
multiple 80 74 66 63 60
60
Table 4-2 shows that construction noise affects surrounding acoustic environment
greatly at daytime, in case of a single machine at 135m, noise decreasing may be
meet level 2 of (GB 3096-93), whereas
several machines need the distance 490m to meet the standard level 2.
Compare to Table 1-2, it’s clear that only 3 sensitive spots of
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Shanxianmei,Guanlouxia and Hupuqianwill be affected from the construction noise in
varying degrees. In order to mitigate the influence of construction noise to surrounding
sensitive spots, Low noise machines should be selected, and the maximum noise
value of each machine should be less than 100dB(at 1m).
4.1.1.2 Communication noise at the site
31.50km of roads will be newly built at the site, which is made of clay-crushed
stones, and the width of the base 4.5m. Communication
noise will be generated when transportation trucks run during construction. The main
building materials for the project including steel-bars, cement, sand and stones, timber
as well as carbines of the generator (51.40t), and blades which length is 34.0m need
to be transported. Total amount of transportation is comparatively small, which
includes 374m 3 of timber, 19,000t of cement, 2,389t of steel and reinforced bar,
121,000t of sand and stone, 67 groups of carbines and blades. The communication
noise is less because of less increase of traffic flow. It’s clear that there is basically no
distribution of sensitive spots (village and school etc) along both sides of roads to the
project site, and communication noises of trucks impact the acoustic environment very
small.
4.1.2 Operation stage
The primary noise source during operation period of the wind power field is the noise
of the wind turbine unit. 67 of 1500kW wind power units which noise level is 105dB,
and the wheel height is 65m, its diameter of blades is 70.5m. Considering that the
height of the turbine to the ground is comparatively high,(100 m) to the turbine is small
and it’s neglected at forecasting, the only factor of geometric divergence decline is
selected during noise impact forecasting.
According to the , Following
formula is in use:
LA(r) =LwA-20lgr-11
In which:
LA(r) is the noise value of the forecast spot (distance=r), dB,
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LwA is the value of the noise source, dB,
r is the distance to the forecast spot, m.
LA =10lg[ S] ]10lg[101
1.0∑=
=n
i
LA
AiL
Influence of merging the noise of various wind power turbine should be in
consideration of the noise intensity of the forecast spot.
In which:
LA: level A acoustic intensity of various noise sources merged.
LAW: A acoustic intensity of a single noise source.
In forecasting, it mainly analyzes the impact extents of the turbine noise to
13 of sensitive spots nearby, including Shangpan, Shanxianmei, Fengmei,
Wufeng, Yuyao, Guanlouxia, Lulou, Xibianlou, Yangjia, Kunhulou, Luyang
Middle School, and planned Piggery Farm. The distances of each sensitive
spot to the wind turbine is shown at Table 4-4. In order to forecast the influence
of noise to the sensitive villages of the Wind Power Field, and acoustic impact
forecast was done at the selected forecast spots where the nearest spot to the
wind turbine at each village. Fig.2 shows the location of the forecast spot.
The height of the wheel hub is 65m, and the lowest point to the ground is
30m high because of the high turbine wheel. Because of the smooth terrain
and considerably low of buildings of sensitive spots and vegetations to the
wind turbines, there is no shelter to the noise of turbine, and it’s not under
consideration.
The forecasting value of noise where is the nearest spot to the turbine of
every sensitive spot is shown at 4-3.
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Table 4-3 Noise impact forecasting during operation period
Noise value at forecast spot(dB) No. Village Nearest
turbine
Nearest
distance
To the Turbine (m)
Affect
value
Backgro
und At daytime
Merged
value
Increase
d value
6# 500
5# 710
4# 995
12# 370
11# 705
22# 660
21# 665
1 Shangpan
20# 840
47.5 52.6
(no vehicle) 73.8
(vehicle
passed by)
53.8
(no vehicle) 73.8
(vehicle
passed by)
1.2
(no vehicle) 0
(vehicle
passed by)
29# 505
28# 755
39# 145
38# 480
2 Shanxianmei
37# 820
51.7 54.2(no
vehicle)
67.6 (vehicle
passed by)
56.1(no
vehicle)
67.7 (vehicle
passed by)
1.9(no
vehicle)
0 (vehicle
passed by)
39# 450
38# 770
48# 400
47# 665
3 Fengmei
46# 945
46.1 48.2 50.3 2.1
48# 275
47# 500
46# 775
56# 375
55# 655
4 Wufeng
54# 915
48.7 48.2 51.5 3.3
56# 200
55# 460
54# 730 65# 460
5 Yuyao
64# 710
49.8 48.2 52.1 3.9
64# 200
63# 160
62# 500
6 Guanglouxia
61# 525
52.6 48.2 53.9 5.7
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64# 535
63# 535
7 Lulou
62# 725
43.5 48.2 49.5 1.3
64# 715
63# 420
62# 275
61# 450
8 Xibianlou
60# 775
48.4 48.2 51.3 3.1
60# 325
67# 435
61# 605
9 Yangjia
62# 920
46.7 48.2 50.5 2.3
59# 290
58# 325
57# 610
10 Kunhulou
56# 490
46.7 48.2 51.4 3.2
67# 635
59# 660
58# 840
11 Luyang
Middle School
66# 725
43.1 54.2 54.5 0.3
37# 650
36# 360
35# 525
45# 300
44# 395
12 Planned
Piggery Farm
43# 675
49.2 44.6 50.5 5.9
39# 330
38# 290
37# 530
13 NE
Hupuqian
46# 415
48.8 48.2 51.5 3.3
46# 345
47# 120
14 SW
Hupuqian
48# 350
53.3 48.2 54.5 6.3
Table 4-3 shows that the noise value of all sensitive spots except Shangpan
and Shanxianmei meet level 2 standard (60dB) of at daytime, and only 3 spots of Shanxianmei, Guanlouxia
and SW Hupuqian exceed the level 2 standard a little bit at night. The sound of
wind is the primary background noise, and itis related to its speed, the higher
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the speed, the greater the sound of wind. The noise(Leq) may be over 70dB,
when the speed of wind (U10) reaches 10m/s above.
The annual average wind speed at the project site is 8.21m/s at the spot
above 70m on the ground, that is, U10 is about 6.3m/s, while the rated wind
speed is 12m/s at the planned wind power field. Since the local wind speed is
high, the background noise is also great; therefore the noise impact of turbines
to local villages is relatively small.
Proper adjustment of the turbine location may be considered to decrease the
noise impact of turbines to Shanxianmei, Guanlouxia and Hupuqian at largest
extent.
Table 4-4 shows the noise value of above sensitive spots after the location of
wind turbines adjusted. It also shows that the value of noise generated by the
wind turbine at the sensitive spot may be less than 50dB, only if the location of
the turbine 39#, 64#, 63# and 47# adjusted properly, and increased the
distance 50-100m between turbine and sensitive spot.
Therefore, incase of not or less increasing interfere of tail flow among
turbines, proper adjustment locations of turbine 39#, 64#, 63# and 47# may
decrease the impact of turbines to the sensitive spots to the lowest extent, and
the power output didn’t be or less influenced.
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Table 4 -4 Noise impact forecasting around turbine location Adjusted
Un-adjusted
location
Adjusted location Village Nearest
turbine
Nearest distance
to turbine
m)
Noise at Forecast
Spot
(dB)
Nearest distance
to turbine
Noise at Forecast
Spot (dB)
Distance
Increasing
(m)
29# 505 505 -
28# 755 755 -
39# 145 195 50
38# 480 480 -
Shanxianmei
37# 820
51.7
820
49.8
-
64# 200 250 50 63# 160 260 100
62# 500 500 -
Guanlouxia
65# 525
52.6
525
49.8
-
46# 345 345 -
47# 120 220 100
SW Hupuqian
48# 350
53.3
350
49.7
-
4.2 Ecologic Environment Impact
4.2.1 Impact on vegetation
It’s necessary that definite land occupation is needed for the base of wind
turbines, 110kV substation, roads at the site, cable in the earth and
construction site. Land occupation of the project is shown at Table 4-6.
Table4-5 Land Occupation Requisition Table
Unit: mu
Temporary land occupation
Permanent land occupation
Forestry
land Cultivated
land Forestry
land Cultivated
land
Total
The Bases of wind turbine - - 43.10 19.68 62.78 The area for
installing and construction
294.83 134.60 - - 429.43
110kV step-up substation - - 6.98 - 6.98
Access and cable buried - - 404.8 0.25 404.8
Subtotal - - 3.80 19.93
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Total 294.83 478.61 908.04
Table 4-6 shows areas of various forest types of land occupation of the
project. Total area of permanent occupation of forest is 458.68mu; in which
wood ephedrine is the main vegetation that is windbreak forest to play an
important role of wind-proof and sand-fixation, and 1.88mu of oranges, 3.75mu
of jequirity trees, 0.93mu of pine trees, and a small amount of land for
forest-planting. It shows that the quantity of oranges, jequirity trees and pines
is less at the permanent land occupation of the site, and its impact is not
evidence. The land occupation of the Project is only 4.6% of the total forest
area at the district involved, there’s less impact to the local region. In the scope
of permanent land occupation of the Project, 19.93 mu of farmland was
included, which crops are sweet potato, wheat and peanut etc. Because of less
amount of farmland, that it’s only 0.1% of total local farmland(16418.6mu), less
impact to the local farmland vegetation is occurred.
Besides permanent land occupation, temporary occupation of part forest
and dry farmland is needed for installation wind turbines, which types are the
same as permanent occupation. The ecologic impact of construction
occupation is temporary, it will be disappear when the wind power field runs
after construction completed, and wood ephedrine and other local trees are
planted.
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Table 4-6 The Statistical Table of Vegetation Requisition for Phase?
Project of Changjiang’ao
Unit: mu
Town&forestryWooden Chinese
ephedra Mandarin trees Lovesickness trees Pine
Total land occupation
Temporary
Land
OccupationTotal land occupation
Temporary
Land
OccupationTotal land occupation
Temporary
Land
OccupationTotal land occupation
Temporary
Land
Occupation
The state-owned
forestry 134.26 57.68 7.35 6.41 0 0 20.16 19.23
Luyang 177.6 44.87 7.35 6.41 0 0 6.41 6.41
Pingyuan 284.47 96.14 0 0 29.39 25.64 0 0
Zhonglou 57.87 12.82 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 654.2 211.51 14.7 12.82 29.39 25.64 26.57 25.64
Note: “Total land occupation ”means the total area of permanent land occupation and
temporary land occupation.
4.2.2 Animals
The planned project site is far from the coastal water area, which the
nearest distance is greater than 500m, and no fishery district nearby.
No protected animal was found at the project area, and there is no habitat
or migration route of migratory birds, that is shown at Annex 2.
No impact was involved to wild animals of the Project.
4.3 Soil erosion Impact
4.3.1 Forecast stage of soil erosion
Forecast soil erosion is divided to two stages, construction period and
operation period. During construction, construction activities as smoothing the
sites, base excavation, waste soil piled or filled and part of trees cut will
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destroy facilities of water and soil conservation.
During operation, water and soil conservation may be under control
efficiently in case of proper prevention measures, but soil erosion may be
occurred to some extent because the primary terrain was interfered, and it
needs time for vegetations to be returned to normal.
Soil erosion during operation stage is much smaller than that in
construction. Construction is the important stage for soil erosion forecast and
prevention.
4.3.2 Discard volume
The filling volume of soil and stone is shown at Table 4-7.
Table 4-7 Excavation/fill back Balance Table
Unit: m3
The excavating volume
The fillback volumn
The Dregs volumn
Wind turbine and
step-up substation
30,000 42,000 -12,000
Access 12,500 7,500 5,000
Total 42,500 49,500 -7,000
It’s clear from Table 4-7,that total excavation is 42,500m3, and fill 49,500m3
in construction, while small amount of discard soil may be used as filling the
base of the wind turbines. From volume balancing of soil and stone, there is no
discard of the project.
4.3.3 Destroyed facilities of soil conservation
The main facilities of water and soil conservation at the scope of the project
site are forestlands , and total interfered previous terrain area 908.04mu(605,
360m2), in which the area of water and soil conservation is 753.51mu(502,
340m2), including that of permanent 458.68mu(305,786m 2), and temporary
294.83mu(196,560m2).
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4.3.4 Amount of soil erosion
Because of the different components of lost materials, experience formula is
selected to forecast the interfered land that is bared surface. Following is the
calculation formula:
Q = m � A� a
In which:
Q is increment of water and soil erosion (t);
M is average soil erosion intensity increment around the construction of the
project (t/km 2.a), 1500t/km 2.a of forestland, 0t/km 2.a of farmland;
A is the surface area interfered (km 2);
a is erosion time(year), I year for permanent occupation and 3 years for
temporally occupation.
From calculation, total erosion increment amount of construction of the
Project is about 1350t.
4.3.5 Harmfulness of soil erosion
Wind erosion is the primary soil erosion type at the site area, and the
forestlands at involved Town of Pingyuan, Luyang and Zhonglou Village, and
state-run forest farm are all protection forest mainly composed of wood
ephedrine trees, that play an important role to wind-proof and sand-fixation.
During construction of the project, 749.71mu forestland in total is occupied
temporarily or permanently, which is 4.6% total amount of the regional forest
area involved.
Occupation of forestland will decrease the function of windproof and
sand-fixation, but it will still play the role of wind-proof and sand-fixation by the
surrounding protection forest, and the soil erosion caused from wind will be
limited around the areas of turbines. Harm of soil erosion of the project is
considerably small.
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4.3.6 Prevent measures for soil conservation
(1) Installation site
It’s planned that there is a certain area installation site for each wind
turbine, and a temporally construction base will be established in the site.
429.43mu land is needed as temporary occupation for construction. It should
be strictly followed the design requirement to decrease the construction
occupation. After excavation, it’s necessary to pour concrete and fill at the site
in time, to decrease erosion. After construction completion, temporary
occupation should be return to normal in time or v