Environmental Impact Assessment of the Cement Production ...
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International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 4, July- Aug 2021
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ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 290
Environmental Impact Assessment of the Cement Production Factories
- A Case of Three Cement Production Factories in North Shewa Zone,
Oromia Region
Assefa Tekla Bedada
Email: [email protected]
Lecture of Construction Technology and Management Department,
College of Engineering, Assosa University, Ethiopia
Corresponding Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Worldwide the cement factory is increased due to highly increasing the growth rates of the construction industry. The study climaxes the
environmental impacts of cement factories in North Shewa zone, Oromia Regional State, and the tasks that destruction the
environmentally friendly by these factories. Thus, this research was to assess the compatibility of these factories to environmentally
friendly aspects. The study emphasis on several factors for examining cement production factories environmental condition with factory
location, culture of factory staff, factory water management, factory noise management, factory solid waste management and dust
minimization management in the factory material management, and chemicals saving management as well as a management system in the
factory. The data are required for this study were collected from 3 (Ganda sheno, kuyu, and muka xuri) cement production factories found
in North Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State by using questionaries’ and interviews of Engineers and skilled workers in factories.
Research methodology choice for analysis of data on the use of descriptive analysis, which depends on the relative importance index (RII).
Finally, the research results showed that the topmost three variables are negative impacts of environments based on respondents’ rates
strongly agreement, which includes environmental management systems in the factory (RII =88.29 %), the Culture of factory staff (RII =
86.12%), and factory location selection (RII = 81.57%).Therefore, the study proposes thatthese major sources of environmental problems
are given as a pre-request for cement production factories to constructingcommunityconsciousness on the significance of environmental
healthand better to use of the available resource to ensure the situation of environmental health.
Keywords: construction industry, Cement production factories, environmental impacts
1. INTRODUCTION
The construction industry is various faces and challenges not only to be finished within a stakeholder but
also release, reduce, and recycled bad waste activities to the environment[1]. Today, environmental issues
are one of the most top and hot heading in the world[2]. Both developed and developing nations are under
increasing pressure to reduce their bad impacts on environmentally friendly to safeguard and encourage
sustainable development[3].The good environment performance improves and increases organization
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 4, July- Aug 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
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image and mentions better value creation in addition that it improves its attractiveness in health and safety,
decreasing toxic waste, increasing efficiency and wasting little resources, and maximizing workforce
productivity [4]. Environmental impacts of the construction industry in other parts lead to the largest toxic
air emission from construction with organic compounds through releasing toxic to air by generated waste.
These to providing and proposed new guidelines on the content of cement production factories for
investors are involved [5]. Today, the North Shewa Zone of Oromia regional state was harmed
environmental by the dust escalating from cement production factories like agricultural lands surrounding
areas. There are nothing legislations applied to solve these issues like claims rising related to
environmental problems around these areas. Thus, strength applied regulation to be needed to enhance the
environmental impacts of cement production factories. In addition, the lack of knowledge, skills, and
abilities are some reasons for bad environmental practices in these areas. Therefore, to enhance factories'
environmental practices tasks that affect the environments have to be identified and examined at all
possible adjustments which enhance factories' environmental practices as mentioned previously in this
report.
2. LITERATUREREVIEW
The construction industry is important to creating the environmentally friendly high-quality technology
process of companies around the world as environmental problems become more complex. Otherwise, the
large quantity of activities has environmental impacts due to releasing toxic carbon dioxide and may cause
natural resources around it [6]. Increasing global markets, environmental rules, and regulations are causing
climate change with locating new standards for business in each state of the world[7]. Thus, pre-
establishing of the cement production factories are needed new standard rules and regulations that help to
communities nearby it.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A descriptive-analytical method was used and data was collected from professional engineers and peoples
work in cement production factories of North Shewa Zone, Oromia regional state.
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3.1 RESEARCH POPULATION AND SAMPLE SIZE
The research population included engineers and workers of cement factories and selected a random sample
of 3 cement production factories found in Oromia regional state. the distributed 60 random questionnaires
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 4,
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©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved
RESEARCH POPULATION AND SAMPLE SIZE
The research population included engineers and workers of cement factories and selected a random sample
production factories found in Oromia regional state. the distributed 60 random questionnaires
, July- Aug 2021
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Page 292
The research population included engineers and workers of cement factories and selected a random sample
production factories found in Oromia regional state. the distributed 60 random questionnaires.
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 4, July- Aug 2021
Available at www.ijsred.com
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved Page 293
3.2 DATA ANALYSIS
In the data collected through a questionnaire survey and interviews, mean weight descriptive statistics
were used. Meanwhile, it is interesting to interpret the variables accurately and easily and to rank the
variable of cement production factories for environmental impacts in the North Shewa Zone of Oromia
regional state. It was Identified and examined the variables also be used, the weighted mean for a realistic
average of each variable. Ordinal Scale of users based on ascending order as a ranking or rating data in
ordinal scale. Thus, the numbers assigned to the five ordinal measures of agreement (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) were
used to rank the major environmental impacts. Based on the following Likert scale and designed by
calculated mean weighted.
TABLE 3.1: LIKERT SCALE OF THE STUDY
Item Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Scale 1 2 3 4 5
Weight mean 20%-36% 36%-52% 52%-68% 68%-84% 84%-100%
������������ �����������������(��):=∑�
��=
���� � �!�!�"�"�#�#
��............... (i)
Where W = Weighted item given to by respondent’s 1 to 5, A= 5, and N= total sample number.
If the Relative importance Index of the result of the analysis of the questionnaires is ranged from 0 to 1 for
each impact accordingly.
Percentages: This descriptive statistics method was also used to analyze the interview questions related to
environmental impact problems for cement production in factories of North Shewa Zone, Oromia regional
state, including in the questionnaires.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 PHASE ONE: GENERAL INFORMATION OF RESPONDENT’S PROFILE
The respondent's profile includes workers' and engineers' experience in cement production factories' jobs.
TABLE 4. 1: SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESPONDENT'S JOB IN THE CEMENT PRODUCTION FACTORIES
Respondent's job in the company Frequency Percentages
Skilled Workers 21.0 35.0
Civil engineers 39.0 65.0
Total/Average 60.0 100.0
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FIGURE 4.1: PERCENTAGES OF RESPONDENT'S JOB IN THE CEMENT
TABLE and FIGURE 4.1 show that 35% from samples
and 65% from Civil Engineers.
3.2 PHASE TWO: THE OVERALL FACTORS CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE
CEMENT PRODUCTION FACTORIES.
Respondent’s answered to give their opinions based on the importance of
taken out from previous literature reviews and revised in thisstudy.All tasks follow
assigning it with a number from ranging 1 to 5 indicating the acceptance of degree about tasks and
represent as illustrated in Table below.
TABLE 4. 2: SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PROBLEMS RELATED TO PRODUCTION OF CEMENT FACTORIES
S/N Categories of the environmental impacts
1. Environmental management system
2. Culture of factory staff
3. Factory location selection
4. Dust release from the factory
5. Materials and chemicals saving
6. Factory noise management
7. Factory water management
8. Factory solid waste management
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FIGURE 4.1: PERCENTAGES OF RESPONDENT'S JOB IN THE CEMENT PRODUCTION FACTORIES
4.1 show that 35% from samples respondents’ job in the factories is
PHASE TWO: THE OVERALL FACTORS CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE
FACTORIES.
Respondent’s answered to give their opinions based on the importance of eight top factors which w
erature reviews and revised in thisstudy.All tasks follow
assigning it with a number from ranging 1 to 5 indicating the acceptance of degree about tasks and
TABLE 4. 2: SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PROBLEMS RELATED TO PRODUCTION OF CEMENT FACTORIES
ategories of the environmental impacts RII Rank
system in the factory 88.29 % 1
86.12% 2
81.57% 3
77.42% 4
and storing 75.43% 5
69.14 % 6
67.57% 7
management 66.14% 8
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job in the factories is skilled workers
PHASE TWO: THE OVERALL FACTORS CAUSING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE
top factors which were
erature reviews and revised in thisstudy.All tasks follow the Likert scale by
assigning it with a number from ranging 1 to 5 indicating the acceptance of degree about tasks and
TABLE 4. 2: SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PROBLEMS RELATED TO PRODUCTION OF CEMENT FACTORIES
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development
ISSN : 2581-7175 ©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved
FIGURE 4.2 IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Table and Figure 4.2 illustrates that the
factory in the first position with an importance index (II=88.29 %). This factor is very important to protect
in any local government authority the impacts of cement production factory on enviro
because the local authority and factory management must have the mandatory power to control any things
that belong to it. This attention to committing stakeholde
The second-ranked of the culture of factory staff in the second position within importance index
(II=86.12%). As the results show that the second impact is related to the culture of factory staff. The
culture of factory staff means not meeting within the c
again coping with stuff has little experience to save and reduce the quality of factories.
factory staff is the backbone of the high quality of cement factories established surrounding one
community. These results match[9]. Factors related to factory location selection have been ranked by all
respondents in the third position with RII equal 81.57% and it has been ranked by the dust release from the
factory respondents in the fourth position with RII equal 77.42%. While it has been ranked by the
Materials and chemicals saving and storing and factory noise management respondents in fifth and six
positions with RII equal 75.43% and 69.14 % are respectively. The study also
surprising to factory waters and factory solid waste management is the most important for environmental
impacts ones. Researchers are ranked that the environmental impacts
terms of the factory location selection techniques
International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 4 Issue 4,
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©IJSRED: All Rights are Reserved
FIGURE 4.2 IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Table and Figure 4.2 illustrates that the respondents ranked the environmental management system in the
factory in the first position with an importance index (II=88.29 %). This factor is very important to protect
in any local government authority the impacts of cement production factory on enviro
because the local authority and factory management must have the mandatory power to control any things
that belong to it. This attention to committing stakeholders and results are supported by
ranked of the culture of factory staff in the second position within importance index
(II=86.12%). As the results show that the second impact is related to the culture of factory staff. The
culture of factory staff means not meeting within the culture of surrounding communities. This means
again coping with stuff has little experience to save and reduce the quality of factories.
factory staff is the backbone of the high quality of cement factories established surrounding one
Factors related to factory location selection have been ranked by all
respondents in the third position with RII equal 81.57% and it has been ranked by the dust release from the
in the fourth position with RII equal 77.42%. While it has been ranked by the
Materials and chemicals saving and storing and factory noise management respondents in fifth and six
positions with RII equal 75.43% and 69.14 % are respectively. The study also shows that it is not
surprising to factory waters and factory solid waste management is the most important for environmental
impacts ones. Researchers are ranked that the environmental impacts of cement production factories in
n selection techniques to related4~5% of carbon dioxide emission
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respondents ranked the environmental management system in the
factory in the first position with an importance index (II=88.29 %). This factor is very important to protect
in any local government authority the impacts of cement production factory on environmental health
because the local authority and factory management must have the mandatory power to control any things
rs and results are supported by[8].
ranked of the culture of factory staff in the second position within importance index
(II=86.12%). As the results show that the second impact is related to the culture of factory staff. The
ulture of surrounding communities. This means
again coping with stuff has little experience to save and reduce the quality of factories. So, the culture of
factory staff is the backbone of the high quality of cement factories established surrounding one
Factors related to factory location selection have been ranked by all
respondents in the third position with RII equal 81.57% and it has been ranked by the dust release from the
in the fourth position with RII equal 77.42%. While it has been ranked by the
Materials and chemicals saving and storing and factory noise management respondents in fifth and six
shows that it is not
surprising to factory waters and factory solid waste management is the most important for environmental
cement production factories in
4~5% of carbon dioxide emission [10].
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4. CONCLUSION
Based on the results obtained from this study, the following research conclusions are drawn. Under this
study, a total of 8 factors affecting the current environment practice of cement production factories were
identified and selected as the highest six factors were shown to be reliable and there are most influential of
environmental disruption by findings from the empirical survey of this study. These are environmental
management system in the factory (RII =88.29 %), Culture of factory staff (RII = 86.12%), factory
location selection (RII = 81.57%), dust release from the factory (RII = 77.42%), materials and chemicals
saving and storing RII = 75.43%) and factory noise management (RII =69.14 %) are respectively.
Therefore, the results have shown that communities were not gained benefits from realizing the
importance of the above several factors in the establishment of cement production factories rather than the
disturbance of natural resources founding surrounding it.
It concludes also that the construction professionals, local management authority, and the communities
are cooperatively not working to gather or sense each other for pre - safeguard of the environment.
Therefore, assessment of environmental management system in the factory, a culture of factory staff, and
factory location selection are ones of most top three pre-request concerns of cement production factories
before establishing.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of all, I would like to thank the Almighty of GOD, who gave me the commitment and tolerance to
pass various obstacles and come up with the accomplishment of this research, Secondly and foremost,
deepest gratitude goes to the executive and management of cement production factories of North Shewa
zone, Oromia regional state for their active response and information on several issues related to
environmental impact and its effect of cement production factories surrounding there. I wish to express my
thanks also to appreciate my respondents for their willingness to answer the question that, I rose.
Especially, Local Municipality Authority, Coordinators of Office North Shewa zone industry sector for
their helpfulness in providing us the necessary information’s. Finally, my special thanks go to my friends
and Construction Technology and Management department staff members for their support in guidance
and clarification on the concepts under study.
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