Environmental Impact Assessment – Non-governmental Organization O&M – Operation and Maintenance...

Environmental Impact Assessment March 2013

People‘s Republic of China: Chongqing Urban– Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project Prepared by the Government of Chongqing Municipality for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 5 March 2013)

Currency unit – chinese yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $.1606

$1.00 = CNY6.2246

ABBREVIATIONS

AADT – Annual Average Daily Traffic

ADB – Asian Development Bank

AIDS – Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome

AP – Affected Person

ASL – Above sea level

CCF – Climate Change Fund

CEIA – Consolidated Environmental Impact

Assessment

DFR – Draft final report

DMF – Design and Monitoring Framework

EHS – Environmental Health and Safety

EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment

EMO – External monitoring organization

EMP – Environmental Management Plan

EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau

FSR – Feasibility Study Report

FYP – Five-Year Plan

GHG – Greenhouse Gas

GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism

HH – Household

HIVS – Human Immunodeficiency Virus

IA – Implementing Agency

IEE – Initial Environmental Examination

IFC – International Finance Corporation

IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

MEP – Ministry of Environmental Protection

NDRC – National Development and Reform Commission

NGO – Non-governmental Organization

O&M – Operation and Maintenance

PAH – Project affected households

PAP – Project affected persons

PMO – Project Management Office

PPMS – Project Performance Management System

PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance

PRC – People's Republic of China

RP – Resettlement Plan

RRP – Report and Recommendation of the President

SEPP – Soil Erosion Prevention Plan

SIA – Social Impact Assessment

TA – Technical Assistance

TGR – Traffic Growth Rate

TOR – Terms of Reference

USD – United States Dollar

WWTP – Wastewater Treatment Plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km2 – square kilometer m2 – square meter

m3/day – cubic meter per day mu – Chinese unit of area (15 mu = 1 hectare)

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB‘s Board of Directors, Management, or staff and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the ―terms of use‖ section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgment as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 2

A. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 2 B. ENVIRONMENTAL DUE DILIGENCE ................................................................................................... 3 C. DESIGN CHANGES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, SUPPORTING STUDIES ................................ 4 D. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................. 4 E. MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND ASSURANCES .............................................................................. 6 F. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 7

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .......................................................... 8

A. OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................................... 8 B. LAWS, REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES, AND STANDARDS ...................................................................... 8 C. PEOPLE‘S REPUBLIC OF CHINA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ......................................................... 10 D. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................................... 10 E. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS...................................................................................................... 10 F. PRC AND ADB ASSESSMENT CATEGORIES .................................................................................. 11 G. AREA OF INFLUENCE AND EVALUATION STANDARDS FOR SUBPROJECTS ........................................ 12 H. ASSESSMENT STANDARDS ........................................................................................................... 13 I. AREA OF INFLUENCE AND EVALUATION STANDARDS FOR SUBPROJECT SECTORS ........................... 16 J. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDELINES ...................................................................... 18

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ......................................................................................... 20

A. JUSTIFICATION AND RATIONALE FOR THE PROJECT........................................................................ 20 B. PROJECT SUBCOMPONENTS ........................................................................................................ 22

1. Youyang County (Flood Risk Management) ......................................................................... 23 2. Wulong County (Flood Risk Management) ........................................................................... 28 3. Rongchang County (Flood Risk Management) ..................................................................... 31 4. Roads Components .............................................................................................................. 35 5. Chengkou County Roads ...................................................................................................... 35 6. Shizhu County Roads ........................................................................................................... 37 7. Fuling County Roads ............................................................................................................. 39 8. Wanzhou County Water Supply Components ...................................................................... 41

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT—BASELINE .......................................................... 46

A. MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING .......................................................................................... 46 B. COMPONENT LOCALITIES ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ..................................................................... 51

V. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................ 92

A. POSITIVE IMPACT AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ........................................................................ 92 B. SCOPING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS................................................................................................. 93 C. IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH PROJECT LOCATION, PLANNING AND DESIGN ...................................... 94 D. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES DURING THE PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE ................... 99 E. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE .................................. 100 F. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING OPERATION ................................... 115 G. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANNING ............................................................ 130 H. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ....................................................................................... 131 I. UNANTICIPATED IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION ............................................ 132 J. IMPACTS FROM FUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE ................................................................................. 132

VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................... 137

A. WITHOUT-PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................ 137 B. ALTERNATIVES PARTICULAR TO INDIVIDUAL SUBPROJECT ............................................................ 141

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VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ......................... 151

A. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION .............................................................. 151 B. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ........................................................................................................ 151 C. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ............................................................................................................. 152 D. FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS ..................................................................................................... 156 E. FUTURE CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ............................................................ 157

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ................................................................................. 159

A. CURRENT PRACTICE IN THE PRC ............................................................................................... 159 B. PROPOSED MECHANISM ............................................................................................................ 159 C. TYPES OF GRIEVANCES EXPECTED AND ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT ............................................... 160 D. GRM PROCEDURE AND TIMEFRAME ........................................................................................... 160

IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ........................................................................... 163

A. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 163 B. EMP IMPLEMENTATION RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................. 163 C. SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................. 166 D. ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT READINESS ...................................................................................... 180 E. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ................................................................................................... 181 F. EMP IMPLEMENTATION COSTS ................................................................................................... 186 G. CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ................................................ 188 H. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND TRAINING .......................................................................... 189 I. REPORTING AND SUPERVISION ................................................................................................... 192 J. MECHANISM FOR FEEDBACK AND ADJUSTMENT ........................................................................... 194

X. CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................................... 196

A. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ............................................................................................................ 196 B. DESIGN CHANGES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ................................................................ 196 C. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FINDINGS ................................................................................... 197 D. IMPACTS ................................................................................................................................... 197 E. RESETTLEMENT AND ECONOMIC DISPLACEMENT ......................................................................... 198 F. SUPPORTING STUDIES ............................................................................................................... 198 G. RISKS AND ASSURANCES ........................................................................................................... 198 H. FOLLOW-UP MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS .......................... 200 I. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 200

APPENDIX 1. REFERENCES

APPENDIX 2. FLOOD MANAGEMENT PLANS IN THE PROJECT COUNTIES

APPENDIX 3. PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES IMPACT ASSESSMENT

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. Introduction

1. The Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA), PPTA 7858-PRC: Chongqing Urban and Rural Infrastructure Development II Project, was designed to assist the preparation of a project to improve the living standards and quality of life in participating districts and counties of Chongqing Municipality and to support balanced urban–rural development. The intended project outcome is improved access to safe drinking water and all-weather roads, and resilience to flooding risks in project districts and counties. The Project will address the following bottlenecks to sustainable development of targeted counties and districts in Chongqing Municipality:

(i) The infrastructure targeted in each of the counties and district currently have serious shortcomings which not only constrain development but their inadequacies also threaten the livelihood and safety of communities and the environment. Roads in the subproject counties and district are commonly unpaved tracks, barely acceptable during fine weather and impassable in heavy rains. Many roads have sections excavated into cliffs and have infrequent passing facilities. Poor road maintenance also contributes to the limitation of traffic flow. The inherent failings of the alignments are exacerbated by the lack of safety fences and damaged pavements. Due to the poor road conditions, the local rural agricultural products cannot be brought to market or suffer lengthy delays.

(ii) At the flood management subproject locations, the flood control standards in the project rivers‘ reaches are less than one-in-10-years, lower than the one-in-20-year standards required by the planning standard. In many cases, floods cause the river bank to crumble and slip continually, inducing subsidence, bank collapse, landslides, and other secondary disasters, endangering people's lives and property.

(iii) In Wanzhou, a new water supply is needed for the refurbishment and expansion of the city‘s water supply network, enabling the closure of some old and inefficient plants and opening up new development areas to relieve pressure on the services of existing urban areas.

2. The scope of the PPTA was approved on 8 September 2011 and the kick-off meeting was held on 5 January 2012 in Chongqing Project Management Office (PMO). One of the main tasks of the TA was to review proposed project components based on detailed due diligence assessment of technical, economic and financial, governance, safeguards and poverty and social, and project risks and mitigation measures. This Consolidated Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA) records the due diligence undertaken for environmental safeguards.

3. The project outputs are (Table I.1):

(i) Three flood risk management components with new and upgraded flood dikes totaling 20.63 km, roads, water and wastewater pipelines, bridges, culverts, and landscaping in Youyang, Wulong, and Rongchang counties,

(ii) New water supply facilities with a total treatment capacity of 200,000 cubic meters per day and water supply pipelines totaling 13.62 km in Wanzhou district;

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(iii) Four road components totaling approximately 87 km of new and upgraded urban–rural roads in Shizhu, Fengjie, and Chengkou counties, and Fuling districts; and

(iv) Project management and capacity building support to sustainable operation and maintenance of project facilities, the flood early warning and evacuation system, and environmental and social friendly river management.

Table I.1: List of project components

Part of Chongqing District / county Components

Flood risk management Water supply Roads

One Circle Fuling 1

Rongchang 1

Southeast Wing

Shizhu 2

Wulong 1

Youyang 1

Northeast Wing Wanzhou 1

Chengkou 1

Total 3 1 4 Source: PPTA DFR August 2012

B. Environmental Due Diligence

4. Categorization: The Project underwent initial appraisal during project preparation by ADB and was classified as Category A on the basis of ADB‘s Rapid Environmental Assessment checklists. This is the highest category, requiring a full EIA document. The main anticipated environmental impacts and risks upon which the categorization was based included indirect and induced impacts of roads (soil erosion, earthwork); and downstream effects of flood control measures. Occupational and community health and safety from construction activities and operation, sustainability of exploitation of water resources for water supply, and potential risks to physical cultural resources and legally protected sites (nature reserves) were also considered potentially significant.

5. The subsequent PRC environmental assessments and this CEIA have confirmed that the significant assessment issues for the project are: cultural heritage, earthwork and soil erosion, and water supply safety. These areas have been extensively investigated by, respectively, a cultural heritage impact assessment; soil erosion and protection plans (SEPP) prepared for each subproject; and a water safety plan for the water supply component. The findings of these studies have been incorporated into the CEIA and EMP.

6. The CEIA complies with ADB‘s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009). SPS requires a number of special considerations, including: (i) assessment of project risks and respective mitigation measures and project assurances; (ii) project level Grievance Redress Mechanism; (iii) definition of the project area of influence; (iv) physical cultural resources damage prevention analysis; (v) climate change mitigation and adaptation; (vi) occupational and community health and safety requirements (including emergency preparedness and response); (vii) economic displacement that is not part of land acquisition; (viii) biodiversity conservation and natural resources management requirements; (ix) ensuring meaningful consultation and participation; and (x) ensuring that EMP includes implementation schedule and (measurable) performance indicators.

7. Environmental assessments: The subproject environmental assessment documents upon which this CEIA is based have been prepared under the provisions of PRC Environmental Impact Assessment Law of 2003 and the PRC Management Guideline on EIA Categories of Construction Projects (2008). All domestic environmental impact

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statements (EISs) and tabular environmental impact assessment reports (TEIRs) were initially submitted to the PPTA team and were revised to include SPS safeguard features listed above. They have been submitted to County and District EPBs for approval.

8. Consultation, participation and grievance redress mechanism (GRM): In the framework of the environmental due diligence, meaningful consultation was conducted with key stakeholders and potentially affected people. Information was disclosed to affected people through websites of local EPBs and design institutes. This CEIA is disclosed on ADB‘s project website. Public consultations conducted during project preparation indicated that the majority of the affected people had a positive attitude toward the Project and believed it would benefit the local economy, the quality of life, personal and livelihood security and the local environment. The project team participated in the consultation activities. A grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been established to deal with public complaints related to project activities during project implementation and operation.

C. Design Changes for Environmental Protection, Supporting Studies

9. During the feasibility study phase of the subcomponents and the Inception and Interim missions of the PPTA, the components were critically assessed and many original project components were changed and this avoided or minimized many negative environmental effects. Significant changes at this stage were:

(i) The deletion of dredging in two flood management subprojects and minimization in a third, to avoid negative impacts on river ecology and dredge spoil handling and disposal;

(ii) Deletion of landscape dams and gates from flood management schemes to maintain natural river surfaces;

(iii) Excluding the shoreline of the Longtan ancient town from river training works to avoid damage to cultural relics; and

(iv) The replacement of large sections of mountain zigzag alignments in the Chengkou road subproject with a 1.5km tunnel to significantly reduce earthworks and land take.

10. Supporting studies including Climate Change impact assessment of the subproject areas, a study assessing new approaches for urban river rehabilitation and flood management in Chongqing Municipality, and a cultural heritage impact assessment have enhanced the PPTA team‘s development of environmental safeguards. The Climate Change impact assessment proposed local future climate scenarios for the Project area, and has allowed specific design adaptations to be incorporated with the flood management and roads subprojects - targeting landslide and stability dangers from increased rain events and implementing non-engineering approaches to flood management. The flood management study emphasized the need at all subproject sites for (i) flood warning systems; and (ii) flood emergency response planning. Additionally, a Water Safety Planning Team has assessed the major issues confronting the water supply subcomponent and has proposed a set of management measures in response, which are reflected in the EMP.

D. Environmental Impacts and Environmental Management Plan

11. The potential impacts were scoped during the EIA process in order to (i) identify the relative significance of potential impacts from the activities of the proposed components and subcomponents; and (ii) establish the scope of the assessment which assists in focusing on

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major, critical, and specific impact. The results of the scoping are shown in Table I.3 below.

Table I.2: Impact Scoping

Subproject Assessment

Item Project Phase Potential for Impact

Road subprojects

Air Operation Traffic air pollution in operational period.

Sound environment

Construction and operation

Noise impacts at noise sensitive locations such as residential buildings, schools, kindergartens and hospitals shall be given priority for assessment.

Surface water Construction and

operation Waterways and banks affected by bridge construction. Runoff from roads and discharge from drains in operation.

Soil stability Construction Construction sites, stockpile areas, borrow pits and any spoil disposal sites.

Protected areas


Physical cultural resources along the road corridors in (Changling Military Watchtower in Shizhu County; listed ancient and significant trees in Fuling District) National forest park (protected area) along the road corridor (Dafengbao Municipal Nature Reserve within Huangshui Forest Park in Shizhu County; Damushan Municipal Nature Reserve in Fuling District)

Flood management (also includes roads along revetment – see Road subprojects above)

Air Construction Dust from earthworks

Ecology Construction and

operation In-stream aquatic ecology and riparian ecology. Downstream sensitive aquatic or riparian areas.


operation

Hydrology: Impacts on flow behavior and flooding on downstream beneficial uses. Water Quality: Impacts on fish nurseries during construction and downstream beneficial uses during operation.

Soil stability Construction Construction sites, stockpile areas, spoil disposal sites.

Protected areas

Construction Physical cultural resources (Longtan Ancient Town and its docklands in Youyang County).

Water supply

Surface water Design and Operation

Upstream for water source protection; downstream for beneficial uses; and river basin for water balance.

Air Construction Dust affected areas.

Sound environment


Noise impacts at noise sensitive locations surrounding WTP.

Source: PPTA consultants

12. During construction, potential impacts include soil erosion, geological hazards, noise and vibration, fugitive dust, solid wastes, and community and occupational health and safety risks. Potential risks to physical cultural resources and legally protected sites (nature reserves) will also need to be addressed.

13. Overall, construction-related impacts are localized, short term, and can be effectively mitigated through the application of good construction and housekeeping practices and implementation of construction phase community and occupational health and safety plans.

14. Construction activities along one road subproject (Shizhu, Yueli – Huangshui component) border a number of cultural relic protection sites. Similarly, the ancient town of Longtan lies along the river reach planned for flood management. Although, in all cases, construction will not encroach on the site or its curtilage, special attention will be paid and strict procedures followed so that no off-site impacts arise from construction which might disturb the relics and any unexpected finds can be identified and protected if they are discovered during construction.

15. One road alignment (of the Chengkou road subproject) passes through the

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experimental area of Damushan Nature Reserve. An approval letter (Damushan NR No.26, 2012) has been submitted by the Nature Reserve Management Office (June 18, 2012) concurring with the alignment. Additionally, strict environmental management prescriptions and construction personnel education have been included in the Project EMP. The Shizhu County Huangshui Forest Park Management Committee has verified that the road passes through no section of the Dafengbao Nature Reserve and requires no approval by park authorities. Both nature reserves (Dafengbao Nature Reserve and Damushan Nature Reserve) are municipal level nature reserves. There are classified as IUCN1 Category V reserves (protected landscape) and classified for natural monument protection under the PRC‘s nature reserves classification system.

16. In the operation phase of the road subprojects, noise and air quality predictions indicate that they will have minimal impact on these media, even in the long term. Negative environmental impacts and risks during operation include traffic safety caused by over speed, and water safety risk during accidents such as chlorine gas leaking.

17. Environmental management plan: A comprehensive environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed for the design, construction, and operation phases of the Project. The plan is appropriate for the environmental safeguarding of the planned works and forms part of a comprehensive set of environmental management documents and will be incorporated into bidding documents for subproject construction. The EMP includes institutional responsibilities and costs for implementing the mitigation measures and the monitoring requirements.

18. Health and safety, and emergency response: The project activities‘ potential impacts on community and occupational health and safety were analyzed and corresponding mitigation measures have been proposed in the CEIA. Emergency response mechanisms to deal with (i) dangerous or hazardous material spills due to traffic accidents; (ii) flood warnings and emergency flood responses; and (iii) WTP chemical spill and plant breakdown responses - will all be established by the implementing units before, during and after project implementation, as appropriate.

E. Main environmental risks and assurances

19. A set of environmental risks, and the assurances required to satisfactorily address them, have been identified in the CEIA. The majority of environmental risks relate to design features and operational plans which will avoid or mitigate impacts, but which rely on the implementers‘ commitment and capacity to implement and consistently follow-up. The remainder relate to the likelihood of unexpected negative impacts. The risks are summarized below:

i. That wastewater collection and treatment in the WTP beneficiary area will not be adequate;

ii. That water source protection will not be implemented; iii. That there will be a greater frequency or severity of floods caused by climate change; iv. That occurrences of heavy floods that exceed flood design standards; v. That medium and long term traffic growth on the Chengkou roads will cause over-

standard noise levels at sensitive receivers;

1 International Union for the Conservation of Nature.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_landscape

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vi. That surplus spoil will be improperly disposed of, coating downslope surfaces and blocking drainage lines;

vii. That subprojects will be implemented without emergency planning and response plans to safeguard their operation.

20. The following assurances, addressing the identified risks, will be incorporated into the loan documentation as loan covenants to ensure that the measures are implemented in a timely and complete fashion:

i. Covenanted assurances from Wanzhou District Government for provision of adequate wastewater treatment capacities;

ii. A commitment to implement non-structural measures including flood warning and emergency response systems to better prepare people for floods;

iii. A commitment that surplus spoil should be transported to suitable spoil disposal sites approved by the responsible EPB;

iv. A commitment that the IUs and operators of subprojects will develop appropriate Emergency Preparedness and Response mechanisms;

v. A commitment that before construction commences on Chengkou road subprojects, a predictive analysis of noise levels at the nominated sensitive receptor sites along all roads will be carried out and funds for noise mitigation at affected properties will be reserved;

vi. A commitment to implement the recommendations of the Climate Change Impact Assessment report;

vii. A commitment to comply with the protective measures of water sources in the protected zones according to the ―Protected Zoning of Chongqing Municipality Drinking Water Source‖.

viii. A commitment to comply with the PRC regulation on the management of nature reserves (1994).

ix. An assurance from Rongchang County Government that the quality of sediments to be dredged in the Rongfeng River will be tested prior to dredging activities to confirm compliance with relevant PRC standards for reuse of dredged material for urban landscaping purposes.

21. The overriding assurance required is that the Chongqing Municipal Government and local government bodies as appropriate will ensure that the full range of effective measures set out in the CEIA and EMP are undertaken, and guarantees that the environmental management provisions and the environmental monitoring plan will be implemented effectively during project implementation, and that the implementation reports of the environmental management and monitoring plan in accordance with ADB requirements will be submitted in a timely fashion. Part of this monitoring and management commitment will be a commitment to implement and maintain an appropriate Grievance Redress Mechanism for all project counties and districts and covering the construction and operation of all project subprojects.

F. Conclusion

22. The CEIA concludes that the Project will have substantial environmental and socio-economic benefits. To ensure successful and environmental friendly implementation of the Project, the EMP covers all the relevant aspects such as institutional arrangements for environmental management and supervision, inspection and audit, and environmental monitoring, reporting and training. As long as the environmental mitigation and management measures defined in the EMP are properly implemented, all adverse environmental impacts associated with the Project will be prevented, eliminated, or minimized to an acceptable level.

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II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK A. Overview

23. The subproject environmental assessment documents upon which this consolidated environmental impact assessment (EIA) is based have been prepared under the provisions of the People‘s Republic of China‘s (PRC) EIA Law of 2003 and the PRC Management Guideline on EIA Categories of Construction Projects (2008). These have strengthened existing EIA requirements and expanded their application to cover development plans. The release of the 2006 Interim Guideline on Public Participation in EIA has also been a significant development that provides for opportunities to involve the public in the EIA process.

24. This legislative framework lists the actions required to undertake effective EIA: (i) collect and monitor environmental quality conditions of the project‘s location and its neighboring regions; (ii) analyze and evaluate the project to assess pollution sources and discharge of pollutants; (iii) predict beneficial and adverse effects on surface water, ground water, atmosphere, ecological environment, acoustic environment, environmental hygiene of the affected areas during periods of construction, and operation of the project; (iv) present pollution prevention measures that reduce the adverse effects, and estimate the costs of mitigation and environmental management of the project; (v) analyze the existing environmental risk during the period of construction and operation of the project; (vi) collect public views and comments on the construction of the project; (vii) analyze environmental economic impacts, especially related to auxiliary projects and cumulative pollution loads; and, (viii) draw up a program for environment control, supervision and training.

25. The EIA under PRC law is also supported and guided by the following legislative provisions.

B. Laws, Regulations, Guidelines, and Standards

1. Laws

26. The following PRC laws govern the way in which the environmental management of the project must be implemented, in order to proceed. This suite of laws includes:

(i) Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted on December 26, 1989.

(ii) Law of the People's Republic of China on Evaluation of Environmental Effects, adopted on October 28, 2002.

(iii) Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, adopted on February 28, 2008.

(iv) Law of the People‗s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, adopted on April 29 2000.

(v) Law of the People's Republic of China on Noise Pollution of the Environment, adopted on October 29, 1996.

(vi) Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, adopted on January 1, 1999.

(vii) Law of the People's Republic of China on Promoting Clean Production, adopted on January 1, 2003.

(viii) PRC Law on Prevention of Solid Waste Pollution (April 1996).

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2. Regulations and Proclamations

27. The following PRC regulations support the environmental laws, particularly as they relate to, and are administered by the government of Chongqing Municipality:

(i) Management of Environmental Protection in Construction Projects, promulgated by Decree No. 253 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on November 29, 1998.

(ii) Enforcement Regulations of Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution of the People's Republic of China, promulgated by Decree No. 284 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on March 20, 2003.

(iii) Compendium of China‘s Ecological Construction and Environmental Protection, issued on June 1, 2004.

(iv) Circular of Conducting Environmental Supervision of Traffic Engineering, (2004) No. 314.

(v) Circular of Environmental Impact Assessment of Highway and Railway Construction Projects (light standard rail included) on Issues Concerning Environmental Noise (2003) No. 94 issued by State Environmental Protection Administration of the PRC.

(vi) Circular of Strengthening Management of Environmental Impact Assessment against Risks, (2003) No. 152 issued by State Environmental Protection Administration of the PRC.

(vii) Interim Measures on Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment, promulgate on March 18, 2006 by State Environmental Protection Administration of the PRC.

(viii) Management of Environmental Protection in Traffic Construction Projects, (2003) No. 5 issued by Ministry of Communications.

(ix) Regulation of the People‘s Republic of China on the Management of Nature Reserves (1994).

3. Guidelines and Standards

28. The following PRC guidelines and national standards support the implementation of environmental laws and set the levels of environmental performance required for relevant activities:

(i) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Evaluation General Principles (HJ/T2.1-93).

(ii) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Evaluation - Air Environment (HJ2.2-2008).

(iii) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Evaluation - Surface Water Environment (HJ/T2.3-93).

(iv) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Evaluation - Acoustic Environment (HJ/T2.4-2009).

(v) Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Evaluation - Non-polluting Ecological Impact (HJ/T19-1997).

(vi) Specifications for Environmental Impact Evaluation of Highways (JTG B03-2006).

(vii) Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guideline (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997), issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration

(viii) PRC Provision of Public Consultations for Environmental Impact Assessment (SEPA, 2006)

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(ix) Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of the PRC (GH3838-2002)

(x) Integrated Emission Standards of Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996) (xi) Ambient Air Quality Standards of the PRC (GB3095-1996) (xii) Standards for Construction Noise Limits (GB12523-90) (xiii) Technical Guideline for Delineating Source Water Protection Areas, SEPA,

2007 (xiv) Technical Standard of Highway Engineering (JTJB01-2003) (xv) Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2001) (xvi) Code for Seismic Design of Highways (JTJ044-89)

C. People’s Republic of China Institutional Framework

29. The institutional framework for the EIA approval process in the Chongqing Municipality is summarized in the matrix below.

Table II.1: Institutional framework

Responsible Departments Scope of work

Chongqing Municipal EPB (i) EIA evaluation, including compliance with appropriate laws, regulations and standards. (ii) Final EIA Approval

County and District EPBs * In this report, these are referred to as ―local EPB‖.

Environmental management and supervision during project cycle, including the management and supervision of the implementation and fulfillment of the environmental protection/mitigation measures and environmental monitoring.

Source: CPMO

D. Asian Development Bank Environmental Requirements

30. The project underwent initial appraisal during project preparation and was classified as Category A on the basis of ADB‘s Rapid Environmental Assessment. This is the highest category, requiring a full EIA document. The ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) requires a number of special considerations, including (i) project risks and respective mitigation measures and project assurances; (ii) project level grievance redress mechanism including documentation in the environmental management plan (EMP); (iii) definition of the project area of influence; (iv) physical cultural resources damage prevention analysis; (v) climate change mitigation and adaptation; (vi) occupational and community health and safety requirements (including emergency preparedness and response); (vii) economic displacement that is not part of land acquisition; (viii) biodiversity conservation and natural resources management requirements; (ix) provision of extensive sufficient justification if local standards are used; (x) ensuring meaningful consultation and participation; and (xi) ensuring that EMP includes implementation schedule and (measurable) performance indicators.

E. International Agreements

31. The PRC is a signatory of a large number of international agreements relevant to environment protection. Those with direct application to the project, along with the date of signing by the PRC, include:

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(i) Convention on Biological Diversity, 29 December 1993. To develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.

(ii) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat, 21 December 1975. To stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value.

(iii) Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 23 February 2005. To further reduce greenhouse gas emissions by enhancing the national programs of developed countries aimed at this goal and by establishing percentage reduction targets for the developed countries;

(iv) Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1 January 1989. To protect the ozone layer by controlling emissions of substances that deplete it.

(v) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, 26 December 1996. To combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements.

(vi) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 21 March 1994. To achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.

(vii) UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1985. To integrate the practice of heritage conservation in PRC with that being done around the world.

F. PRC and ADB Assessment Categories

32. The PRC EIA regulations classify different sectors on the basis of anticipated potential impacts and assigns different levels of EIA. Component classification and approval authorities for the subprojects are summarized in Table II.2. The Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) consultants assisted in the finalization of the domestic EIAs and the domestic feasibility study reports (FSRs). All domestic EIAs have been submitted to county, district and Chongqing Environment Protection Bureaus (EPBs) for the approval process.

Table II.2: Domestic EIAs, EIA institutes and approval authorities

Component Report Type EIA Institute Approval Authority Approval Date

(1) Rongchang Flood Risk Management TEIAR CCTEG Rongchang EPB August 2012*

(2) Wulong Flood Risk Management EIS CCTEG CMEPB August 2012*

(3) Youyang Flood Risk Management TEIAR CEDRI Youyang EPB August 2012*

(4) Shizhu Roads EIS CCTEG Shizhu EPB August 2012*

(5) Fuling Roads EIS CCTEG Fuling EPB June 2012

(6) Chengkou Roads TEIAR YHEEC Chengkou EPB August 2012*

(7) Wanzhou Water Supply EIS CERI Wanzhou EPB July 2012 Source: CPMO

Note: EIS: Environment Impact Statement; TEIAR: Tabular environmental Impact Assessment Report; EPB: Environmental Protection Bureau; CMEPB: Chongqing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau CCTEG:China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp. CEDRI:Chongqing Environmental Design and Research Institute YHEEC: Yibin Huajie Environmental Engineering Company CERI: Chongqing Environmental Research Institute *: Expected approval date

12

33. The ADB guidelines for the EIA categorization of projects provides the following criteria:

(i) Category A. A proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required.

(ii) Category B. A proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An initial environmental examination is required.

34. The project underwent initial appraisal during project preparation and was classified as Category A on the basis of ADB‘s Rapid Environmental Assessment. This is the highest category, requiring a full EIA document. In compliance with ADB‘s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), 2 a consolidated project EIA was prepared using (i) feasibility study reports, (ii) subproject EIAs prepared by local environmental impact institutes in conformance with PRC regulations; (iii) Soil Erosion Protection Plans (SEPPs) prepared for each component in conformance with PRC regulations.

G. Area of Influence and Evaluation Standards for Subprojects

4. Area of Influence

35. The area of influence of each subproject for both construction and operational impact assessments, and according to environmental parameters is set out in Table II.3 below.

Table II.3: Area of Influence


Item Area of Influence

Road subprojects

Air 200meter (m) area on both sides from road centre line.

Sound environment

Buildings on both sides within 200m from the road centre line or 200m radius from intersections and flyovers. Noise sensitive locations such as residential buildings, schools, kindergartens and hospitals shall be given priority for assessment.

Surface water Waterways and banks affected by bridge construction. Runoff from roads and discharge from drains in operation.

Soil stability Construction sites, stockpile areas, borrow pits and any spoil disposal sites.

Protected areas

Physical cultural resources along the road corridors in (Changling Military Watchtower in Shizhu County; listed ancient and significant trees in Fuling District) National forest park (protected area) along the road corridor (Dafengbao) Municipal Nature Reserve within Huangshui Forest Park in Shizhu County; Damushan Municipal Nature Reserve in Fuling District)

Flood management Air Dust from earthworks during construction. 20m from edge of construction areas.

2ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila.

13


Item Area of Influence

(also includes roads along revetment – see Road subprojects above)

Ecology In-stream aquatic ecology and riparian ecology. Downstream sensitive aquatic or riparian areas.

Surface water Hydrology: Impacts on flow behavior and flooding on downstream beneficial uses. Water Quality: Impacts on fish nurseries during construction and downstream beneficial uses during operation.

Soil stability Construction sites, stockpile areas, spoil disposal sites.

Protected areas Physical cultural resources (Longtan Ancient Town and its docklands in Youyang County).

Water supply

Surface water Upstream for water security; downstream for beneficial uses; and river basin for water balance.

Air Dust affected areas up to 50m during construction.

Sound environment

Receivers within 200m of the WTP.

Source: PPTA team using data from PRC EIA reports

5. Sensitive Receptor Areas

36. Sensitive receptor sites for noise and air quality impacts from the construction and operation have been identified in the subproject environmental impact assessment (EIA).These comprise nearby residential, communities, and educational facilities. These same sites have been used to establish baseline air quality and noise levels and they are also the locations of predictive modeling for air quality and noise impacts of roads so that comparative levels of impacts can be assessed. The sensitive sites (for baseline and impact assessment) are listed in the detailed examination of each subproject in Chapters IV and V.

H. Assessment Standards

37. In PRC EIA requirements, ambient levels of air, noise, and water quality in the proposed works area determine the appropriate category for point source or impacting emissions and effluent standards for the construction and operational phases of built infrastructure. However, the World Bank Group Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines 3 (see below) are based on best practice construction and operational procedures. Both the PRC standards and EHS guidelines will be used in the assessments.

3World Bank Group 2007, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines General EHS Guidelines, World Bank,

Washington.

14

Table II.4: Ambient Air Quality Grade II Standard

Pollutant Time Standard (mg/m3) EHS4 (mg/m3)

SO2

Annual average 0.06

Daily average 0.15 0.125-0.05 (0.02 guideline)

Unit hour average 0.50

PM10 Annual average 0.10 0.07-0.03 (0.02 guideline)


NO2

Annual average 0.08 0.04 guideline

Daily average 0.12

Unit hour average 0.24 0.20 guideline

CO Daily average 4.0 n/a

Unit hour average 10.0 n/a

Source: Subproject EIA Reports

38. According to the Technical Specifications for Urban Area Ambient Noise Applicable Area Classification (GBT 15190-94), the area within 200m on both sides of a road or road junction should comply with the corresponding provisions in Acoustic Ambient Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) according to the classification of the area. The area mainly serving for cultural and educational institutions shall comply with Class 1 standard, and the residential, commercial and industrial mixed area shall comply with Class 2 standard. Lower standards apply for industrial areas and major roads. Standards are listed in Table II.5.

Table II.5: Acoustic Ambient Quality Standards (Equivalent Sound Level: LAeq: dB)

PRC Standard Class

Applicable Area Day Night EHS5

0 Areas needing extreme quiet, such as convalescence areas 50 40

55 45 1 Area mainly for residence, cultural and educational institutions 55 45

2 Residential, commercial and industrial mixed area 60 50

3 Industrial area 65 55 70 70

4 Area on both sides of urban road traffic trunk line 70 55


39. For water quality assessment, the determining standard will be Surface Water

Ambient Quality Standard (GB3838－2002). This standard is set out in Table II.6. The class

IV standard is the minimum required runoff standard for all construction and road operation in an urban environment. There is no EHS guideline or target for water quality in this

4World Bank Group 2007, ibid.

5World Bank Group 2007, ibid.

15

context.

Table II.6: Surface Water Ambient Quality Standards (Unit: mg/L)

Standard DO IMn BOD COD NH3-N

(GB3838-2002) – Grade III ≥5 ≤6 ≤4 ≤20 ≤1.0

(GB3838-2002) – Grade IV ≥3 ≤10 ≤6 ≤30 ≤1.5

(GB3838-2002) – Grade V ≥2 ≤15 ≤10 ≤40 ≤2.0 Source: Subproject EIA Reports

40. In the construction phase, air pollutants from dust and earthworks should comply with the Grade II standard specified in Air Pollutant Comprehensive Emission Standard (GB16297-1996).

41. Construction noise will be assessed against the standards in Construction Site Noise Limits, which are set out in Table II.7.

Table II.7: Construction Site Noise Limit (Unit: Leq[dB(A)])

Construction Period Major Noise Source Noise Limit

Day Night

Earthwork and stone work Bulldozer, excavators and loader 75 55

Piling Pile driving machines 85 Pile driving is

prohibited

Structure Concrete mixer, vibrator and electric saw 70 55

Finishing Hoist and lifter 65 55


42. Construction activities will probably cause vibration impact, and should comply with

the Standard for Urban Area Environmental Vibration (GB10070－88). The details are

shown in Table II.8. The interchange and road works of the project are located near both sides of traffic trunk line, so the project shall comply with the fifth standard listed in the table.

Table II.8: Vertical (Z) Vibration Standard Value for Various Urban Areas (Unit: dB)

Scope of applicable area Day Night

Special residential area 65 65

Residential, cultural and educational area 70 67

Mixed area and commercial center 75 72

Industrial centralized area 75 72

Both sides of traffic trunk line 75 72

Both sides of railway main line 80 80


43. In the operational phase of the built infrastructure of the project, vehicle emissions

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will be controlled by many PRC standards. The roads of the project will be assessed during the operational phase in the context of the Class 2 standard specified in the Industrial Enterprise Site Noise Standard GB12348-2008. These are set out in Table II.9.

Table II.9: Industrial Enterprise Site Noise Standard/ Social Life Ambient Noise

Emission Standard (Unit: Leq[dB(A)])

Classification Day Night

2 60 50

3 65 55

4 70 55

EHS6 70 70

Source: World Bank Group 2007

I. Area of Influence and Evaluation Standards for Subproject Sectors

1. Road Subprojects

44. The scope of investigation is the areas 200 meters (m) on both sides of central line of roads. This covers the critical acoustic environment and includes the sensitive receptors of dense residential areas, schools and hospitals. The Environmental Quality Standard for Noise Acoustic Environment (GB3096-2008) will be the relevant PRC impact standard.

During construction, Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523 － 1990) will be the

relevant assessment standard. Similarly the investigation and evaluation of ambient air is determined 200m by both sides of the proposed road‘s central line. The Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) and its Grade II standard shall be implemented within the area in the evaluation.

45. Wastewater produced during road construction will be assessed against the standard Grade III of Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) to ensure its suitability for draining into rivers and channels.

46. The Shizhu County road subproject will encroach upon non-core areas of Dafengbao Municipal Nature Reserve within Huangshui Forest Park and the Fuling District road subproject will encroach upon non-core areas of Damushan Municipal Nature Reserve. Approvals from the Nature Reserve Management Offices, in combination with appropriate mitigation measures to protect natural values, are required before proceeding. Compliance with the PRC regulation on management of nature reserves (1994) must be ensured. Clauses pertaining to the experimental zone of nature reserves are included in several articles of the PRC regulation on nature reserves (1994), including:

Article 18: Outside the buffer zone is the experimental zone where activities such as scientific experiments, teaching practice, visits and surveys, tourism, and the domestication and breeding of precious and endangered wild fauna and flora species, are allowed.

6World Bank Group 2007, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines General EHS Guidelines, World Bank,

Washington.

17

Article 26: Activities such as felling, grazing, hunting, fishing, herb collecting, cultivating, burning grass on wasteland, mining, stone collecting, sand digging, etc., are forbidden in nature reserves, except special activities allowed by other laws and regulations.

Article 32: In the experimental zone of natural reserves, production installations which may pollute or damage the environment are forbidden. No production installation is permitted that discharges pollutants surpassing the national or local set standards. The production installations that have been established in the experimental zone of nature reserves with discharges surpassing the national or local set standards shall be restrained; the ones that have caused loses shall provide compensation. Projects constructed in this zone shall not have a negative impact on the quality of the environment of the natural reserves.

47. There are no specific ambient environmental standards for nature reserves in the PRC. However, there is one ambient environmental standards whereby the applicability to nature reserves is mentioned: The Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-1996) divides air quality into three classes; and Grade II is applicable to nature reserves, scenic areas and other special protection areas. With regard to ambient noise, recent projects7 intervening in nature reserves have adopted Grade 0 and Grade I of the PRC Ambient Noise Standard (GB 3096-2008) for buffer and experimental zones, respectively.

48. The Shizhu County road subproject will pass near the Changling Military Watchtower and must comply with the Plan for Protection of Changlingshi Military Watchtower in Yuelai Town as a Cultural Relics Protection Unit of Shizhu County.

2. Flood Management Subprojects

49. The main focus of the assessment will be on the water environment. Flood management works will primarily comply with Flood Protection Standards (GB50201-94). In accordance with the requirements of the Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines - surface water, assessment of surface water belongs to Class III of Surface

Water Ambient Quality Standard (GB3838－2002). Because the subproject areas are not

related to any special ecologically-sensitive zones, the assessment of ecological environment belongs to Class III according to the Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines (HJ19-2011).

50. The subprojects will involve construction impacts, roads and in some cases pipeline laying. Thus the air quality and noise environment will be assessed against the provisions Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) and Acoustic Environmental Quality Standards (GB3096-2008)both during construction and operation.

51. Considering the characteristics of the project there will no sewage produced after the completion of the project so it will not cause groundwater level changes nor cause groundwater pollution. No assessment for groundwater is therefore required.

52. The flood management subproject in Youyang County focuses on the river reach

7 E.g., ADB (2011). PRC-40685: Jiangsu Yancheng Wetlands Protection Project; ADB (2012). PRC-44020:

Gansu Urban Infrastructure Development and Wetland Protection Project.

18

adjacent to the Longtan Ancient Town. All works in the river and banks need to comply with the provisions of the conservation plan for the old town (Plan for Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Towns in Longtan Town, 2003).

3. Water Supply Subproject

53. Based on environmental features of the subproject sites and characteristics of the subprojects themselves, the scope of the environmental assessments includes: The existing function and quality of source water bodies and the uses; the water resource users, ecological system and habitat of aquatic animals and plants in the downstream reaches; and, the water security and quality protection issues in the upstream areas. Standards pertaining to this scope of assessment include:

Grade III of Standards for the Quality of Surface Water Environment (GB3838-2002);

Standards for the Quality of Water Resource for Domestic Drinking Water (CJ3020-93);

Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB5749-2006);

Grade III of Ground Water Quality Standard (GB/T14848-93)

Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996);

Discharge Standard for Municipal Wastewater (CJ3082-1999).

54. Additionally, the acoustic environment within the range of the subproject will be assessed against the grade II of Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008), ensuring that sensitive receptors of are not impacted. Standards pertaining to this scope of assessment include:

Grade II of Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008).

Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB12348-2008).

J. Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines

55. ADB‘s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) requires projects to apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practices as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group‘s Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines.

56. The principles and standards of the World Bank Group Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines (2007) are used by the ADB‘s Safeguards Policy. The general guidelines, in company with the Industry Sector Guidelines, will provide the context of international best practice and will contribute to establishing targets for environmental performance. The sector guidelines referenced were: General EHS Guidelines (covering occupational health and safety and community health and safety) and Water and Sanitation sector guidelines8. The air, noise and water quality standards in the EHS guidelines will also provide justification for the use throughout of PRC standards.

8 IFC/World Bank Group 2007, Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines Waste Management Facilities,

Washington December 10, 2007. IFC/World Bank Group 2007, Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines Water and Sanitation, Washington. IFC/World Bank Group 2007, Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines Plantation Crops, Washington.

19

57. Occupational and community health and safety, as laid out in the EHS guidelines, will be a cross-cutting assessment element for all infrastructure subprojects.

58. The EHS Guidelines acknowledge the PRC standard GB 18918-2002 (Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant) as internationally acceptable standard. For noise quality, PRC standards are more stringent than internationally accepted standards defined in the World Bank Group‘s EHS Guidelines. For air quality the EHS Guidelines are slightly lower than the relevant PRC standards.

59. In other areas, PRC standards are not comparable to standards suggested in the EHS Guidelines. Some ambient air quality standards, including NO2 and H2S, are defined for different time periods (exposures), and are thus not directly comparable. PRC ambient acoustic quality standards are defined for categories not directly attributable to the classification of the World Health Organization. However, the standard limits are not significantly different.

60. Where EHS standards exist for parameters and are relevant, they will be used in parallel with PRC standards in this assessment.

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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT A. Justification and Rationale for the Project

1. The Need for the Project

61. The Chongqing Municipal Government (CMG) is focusing on improving basic urban infrastructures and closing inter- and intra-district and county development gaps. Many remote rural villages, small towns and cities are still struggling with lack of basic urban infrastructures to meet local needs. In addition to insufficient rural road access and limited water supply provision, frequent flooding in second and third-tier cities becomes a clear development hindrance.

62. The proposed project aims to support the PRC government and CMG‘s effort to reduce poverty, so as to close income disparity between urban and rural areas of Chongqing. The project will selectively invest key urban infrastructures in peri-urban and rural districts and counties, to (i) reduce flood risks to enhance urban safety and support the development of small towns and cities; (ii) provide safe drinking water to improve local health conditions in peri-urban areas; (iii) expand all-weather roads for accessibility to basic social services and economic activities in rural areas; (iv) improve environment and quality of life for local people especially the poor; (v) improve project districts and counties‘ climate for investment and commercial development; (vi) improve access to commercial and social service; and (vii) develop local capacity to achieve balanced urban and rural development and management.

63. The infrastructure targeted in each of the counties and district currently have serious shortcomings which not only constrain development but their inadequacies also threaten the livelihood and safety of communities and the environment.

Road subprojects

64. Chengkou: The road communications between Yanhe and Shuanghe is an unpaved track of approximately 4m in width. Even with the passing areas along the track, it is barely acceptable during fine weather and is impassable in heavy rains. A detour of 85 km would be involved via the existing provincial highways, S301 and a Class 2 Expressway which is under construction. Due to the poor road conditions, the local rural agricultural products cannot be brought to market or suffer lengthy delays. The current track serving the villages from Yanhe to Shuanghe traverses precipitous terrain and is a very dangerous road in particular in the adverse weather conditions. Villagers often need to walk rather than taking vehicles to commute between villages.

65. Shizhu: The current highway serving Yuelai passes through the town via a steep and winding road. Accidents are frequent. The new alignment bypasses the town of Yuelai Town. The second section of the road starts from the northern part of Huangshui Town following the existing track to Yangdong Village. For long sections of its alignment it is excavated into a cliff with a width of just over 3.0 m and infrequent passing facilities. No safety fences other than pedestrian rails are installed at critical locations. The existing route is not passable during adverse winter.

66. Fuling: The existing road link is mostly substandard with poor road conditions and as a result, the transport options in the eastern Fuling are limited due to inadequate traffic capacity. Poor road maintenance also contributes to the limitation of traffic flow. The existing route from Luoyun to Juandong is a Class 3 rural highway with 6.0m carriageway

21

for two-way traffic operation. The traffic volumes are relatively low but traffic is often affected by slow moving vehicles. There are many sharp bends without safety fences or particular road safety measures along this route.

67. The second section of the route from Juandong via Shaniudong to Daimu is a Class 4 road in poor condition. Several sections of this route are built from cutting into a cliff. Much of the route is narrow and poorly maintained. Most of the pavement and safety fences are damaged without replacement.

68. The development and growth of economy in this part of Fuling is still relatively slow. The provision of transport infrastructure in the areas and to the external areas is inadequate and it is the key factor that restricts the development of the eastern part of Fuling District. The construction of this project will shorten the distance and time for local travel and improve the local investment environment. The proposed road links are off Provincial Road S105 which is the main route linking Fuling City to Luoyun, Jiaoshi and Damu.

Flood Management Subprojects

69. Youyang: Floods occur frequently in Longtan River of Youyang County. In Longtan Town, with increasing size of the urban area and economy, the population continues to increase, and losses in flood disasters will continue to increase. Most reaches of Longtan River are natural embankments. The flood control standards in the project river reach are less than one in 10 years, lower than the one-in-20-year standards required by the planning.

70. Wulong: The section of the river in the planned new urban areas of Wulong County (Damuqiao section) is in a natural state; it does not meet the flood control standards, and floods readily spread ashore. The proposed project area is located in the left bank; the bank slope is steep and suffered from flood immersion and erosion, liable to cause large amounts of soil erosion. Especially during the flooding season, the flood water rises and falls rapidly, which causes the river bank to crumble and slip continually, inducing subsidence, bank collapse, landslides, and other secondary disasters, endangering people's lives and property. In the last 25 years statistics of flood occurrence and impact have been recorded (Table III.1).

Table III.1: Recent Flood losses in Wulong

Date

Water level

Direct economic losses Date

Water level Direct economic losses

(m) (CNY10,000) (m) (CNY10,000)

2002.6.21 197.15 1695 1993.8.30 193.80 558

2001.7.10 189.81 227 1992.6.23 196.20 760

2000.6.25 200.00 2659 1991.7.7 199.58 1543

1999.6.30 204.63 5830 1983.7.15 201.08 2600

1998.7.23 195.24 826 1982.6.16 198.35 823

1997.7.17 194.25 653 1964.6.30 203.84 182

1996.7.5 201.41 3536 1963.7.12 200.35 127

1995.7.3 193.80 601 1960.6.26 201.57 134

1994.10.10 189.53 112 Source: Subproject FSRs

71. Rongchang: Rainstorms and floods occur frequently in Rongfeng River. The proposed project river reach has no flood control engineering measures; the flood control standards are lower than one in 10 years. If it suffers from flood immersion and scour, this may easily lead to collapses and landslides on the bank slopes, endangering the lives and

22

property of the people on both banks. Northern New District is an emerging urban area of Rongchang County. The municipal infrastructure is seriously inadequate, in addition to the threat of flooding by heavy rain. During floods, rainwater and wastewater are mixed, resulting in the decline in water quality of the Rongfeng River.

72. Northern New District is an emerging urban area of Rongchang County. The municipal infrastructure is seriously inadequate, in addition to the threat of flooding by heavy rain. The rainwater and wastewater mix together, resulting in the decline in water quality of Rongfeng River in the dry season. The quality of the human environment and water environment has been greatly affected.

Water Supply Subproject

73. Wanzhou: The development of Wanzhou‘s new districts requires a new water source. Jiangnan (―South of Yangtze‖) New District cannot be served by any existing large or medium reservoir. The water supply subproject is an essential step in the refurbishment and expansion of Wanzhou‘s water supply network, enabling the closure of some old and inefficient plants and opening up new development areas to relieve pressure on the services of existing urban areas.

B. Project Subcomponents

74. The proposed project includes seven sub-components in three sectors: (i) flood risk management; (ii) water supply; and (iii) roads. The subprojects are located in seven counties and districts in Chongqing Municipality. The proposed project outputs are:

(i) Three flood risk management components with new and upgraded flood dikes totalling 20.63 km, roads, water and wastewater pipelines, bridges, culverts, and landscaping in Youyang, Wulong, and Rongchang counties;

(ii) New water supply facilities with a total treatment capacity of 200,000 cubic meters per day and water supply pipelines totalling 13.62 km in Wanzhou district;

(iii) Four roads totaling 87 km of new and upgraded urban–rural roads in Shizhu, Chengkou counties, and Fuling districts; and

(iv) Project management and capacity building support to sustainable operation and maintenance of project facilities, the flood early warning and evacuation system, and environmental and social friendly river management.

75. The project components are summarized in Table III.2, and further described in the following sections of this chapter.

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Table III.2: Location of Subprojects by Sector

Part of Chongqing District / county Components

Flood risk management Water supply Roads

One Circle Fuling 1

Rongchang 1

Southeast Wing

Shizhu 2

Wulong 1

Youyang 1

Northeast Wing Wanzhou 1

Chengkou 1

Total 3 1 4 Source: Subproject FSRs

1. Youyang County (Flood Risk Management)

76. The flood management subproject focuses on the Longtan River as it passes through the vicinity of the historic township of Longtan. The main focus of the Youyang subproject will be river training works to increase the flood protection standard to one in 20 years. The length of the river training works is 5,530.82 m (in the upstream, it starts from the confluence of Wangjia River and Mawang River, and in the downstream, it ends at Jinyanhai Road bridge, see Figure III.1).This will involve river channel regulating to increase the section area for flood flow. This will be undertaken in all areas of the river (between K0+000 – K5+540) except those parts with bedrock outcrops and the ancient town protection areas.

77. Proposed works: The project component will involve the following works:

(i) River channel regulating and dredging works: The works will include

695,400 m³ of soil and rock excavation, 610,200 m³ of soil and rock backfill, 245,900 m³ of masonry, 36,600 m³ of concrete works, and 2,139.9 t of reinforcement. The excavated spoil will be re-used in dyke construction and revetments;

(ii) Flood control and bank protection works: The total length of the bank protection works is 9,699.93 m (the left bank is 5,698.62 m long, and the right bank is 4,001.31 m long), designed in accordance with flood protection standards of one in 20 years;

(iii) Flood relief box culverts: 10 flood relief culverts along the project river, based on the size of tributaries (see Table III.4);

(iv) Drainage culverts: 12 drainage culverts in the project river reach, integrated with the municipal storm sewer layout;

(v) Riverside roads and combined pipe trench works: The riverside road has a total length of 8.544 km (the right bank is 2.993 km long, and the left bank is 5.551 km long). The road class is sub-distributor road. The standard road width is 24 m. In the inside edges of the road under the sidewalk there will be a combined pipe trench, with a total length of 8.544 km.

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(vi) Drainage network: 8.2 km of new rainwater pipes and 9.057 km of new wastewater pipes along the river side of the road;

(vii) Bridges: Three pedestrian bridges, with a single span of 50 m, and bridge width of 5 m.

(viii) Landscaping works: Total area of 501,320 m2, of which the landscape planting area on the slopes is 288,380 m2, and the landscape planting area at the top of the dikes is 212,940 m2.

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Figure III.1: Map of Longtan River (Source: Longtan FSR)

Figure III. 2: Schematic diagram of design flood water surface level in the project river

(Source: Longtan FSR)

Fulong Village Project Starting Point

Ancient Towns‘

Embankment

Zhao Shiyan House

Old street in

Ancient Town

Multi-arch Dam of

315 Power Station

Barrage of Luodidong

Power StationProject Ending Point

26

78. Flood water surface elevation: Future river water surfaces were calculated from the basic equations of the constant non-uniform water flow surface curves for rivers. The cross sections calculated are the measured sections and the sections cut from the 1:500 river topographic map, a total of 47 sections. The control section for starting water level calculation is selected as the Luodidong weir dam downstream of Longtan Town. The water level-discharge relationship is determined using the thin-walled weir flow formula. In the process of calculation of the river water surfaces, the water-blocking effects and the local head losses caused by sudden contraction of the bridge piers and the low weir have been considered. The river training works will result in the following changes to the river height in a 1 in 20 year flood (Table III.3).

Table III.3: Comparisons of design flood water surfaces for one-in-20-year floods in the main stream of Longtan River before and after project completion

Chainage Mileage

(m)

River bottom

level (m)

Present water

surface (m)

Water surface after project

completion (m) Difference (m)

K0+000 0 314.05 325.03 324.49 -0.54 K0+200 200 314.00 324.98 324.33 -0.65 K0+400 400 313.18 324.47 323.68 -0.79 K0+600 600 312.20 324.38 323.61 -0.77 K0+800 800 312.20 324.26 323.23 -1.03 K1+000 1,000 311.94 323.96 322.93 -1.03 K1+200 1,200 307.50 323.44 322.84 -0.60 K1+400 1,400 309.88 323.38 322.61 -0.77 K1+600 1,600 309.54 323.12 321.96 -1.16 K1+800 1,800 311.60 323.04 321.91 -1.13 K2+000 2,000 310.89 322.90 321.81 -1.09 K2+200 2,200 307.11 322.55 321.57 -0.98 K2+400 2,400 310.10 322.25 321.49 -0.76 K2+600 2,600 307.40 321.97 321.28 -0.69 K2+800 2,800 308.20 321.88 321.25 -0.63 K3+000 3,000 307.00 321.69 321.23 -0.46 K3+200 3,200 306.30 321.55 321.16 -0.39 K3+400 3,400 308.20 321.16 320.76 -0.40 Upstream section of Zhaozhuang New Bridge

3,550 307.20 320.98 320.59 -0.39

Downstream section of Zhaozhuang New Bridge

3,580 307.20 320.36 319.95 -0.41

K3+600 3,600 309.00 320.29 319.91 -0.38 K3+800 3,800 307.30 320.24 319.82 -0.42 315 Power Station arch weir 3,910

319.90 319.48 -0.42

Upstream section of Zhaozhuang Bridge 3,930 307.11 319.80 319.42 -0.38 Downstream section of Zhaozhuang Bridge 3,950 307.11 318.90 318.90 0.00 K4+000 4,000 305.30 318.64 318.20 -0.44 K4+200 4,200 305.40 318.49 318.09 -0.40 K4+400 4,400 305.32 318.18 317.94 -0.24 Upstream section of Dazhong Bridge 4,490 305.54 317.97 317.63 -0.34 Downstream section of Dazhong Bridge 4,500 305.54 317.54 317.09 -0.45 K4+600 4,600 304.40 317.50 317.01 -0.49 K4+800 4,800 304.80 317.22 316.94 -0.28 K5+000 5,000 305.20 316.77 316.67 -0.10 K5+200 5,200 305.70 316.73 316.63 -0.10 K5+400 5,400 304.78 316.70 316.61 -0.09 Upstream section of Jinyanhai Bridge 5,540 304.06 316.35 316.35 0

Source: Longtan Subproject FSR

27

79. Embankment design: The flood control and bank protection works adopt a variety of combinations of embankment dike types (see example in Figure III.3). The bank protection materials are mainly M7.5 mortared stone balance weight retaining wall and boulder toe protection. The elevations of the crest of the retaining wall are 0.5 m above the normal water level. At the top of the wall there will be a water platform. The balance weight retaining walls will be founded on bedrock. Beneath the wall there will be C15 concrete blinding layer. The water platform will be connected to the top of the dike by grassed slope protection at a gradient less than 1:2. To meet the landscape requirements, at the toe of the slope there will be M7.5 mortared stone retaining walls, with a width of 0.5 – 1 m, and a height of respectively 2 – 5 m and 1 – 3 m, and buried to a depth of 0.5 m.

80. The right bank of the river from Chainage K3+893.90 m to K4+900.0 m is Longtan Old Town area. By the side of the river there are bedrock outcrops. It meets the requirements for flood control for the one-in-20-year return period. No engineering treatment will be carried out. The original natural bank slope landscape will be maintained to retain the remains of the steps of the ancient pier sites by the river.

Figure III.3: Typical river cross-section and embankment design (Source: Subproject FSR)

81. Culverts: On both banks of the project river reach of Longtan River there are tributaries entering it. For tributaries with relatively large flood flows, open channels are adopted to discharge floods. For the remaining 10 tributaries, flood relief culverts with the plan locations basically the same as the tributary locations are adopted to discharge floods. The design standards of the flood relief box culverts are consistent with those of the dikes. The flood control standards are in accordance with one-in-20 year floods. The design level of the structures is level 4 (Table III.4).

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Table III.4: Flood relief culverts along the project dykes

No. Location & Chainage

Design flow

(m3/s)

Cross-section dimensions (W × H, m)

Length (m) Design bottom slope i

Elevation at entry (m)

Elevation at exit (m)

1# Left K0+742.86 2.0×2.0 86 0.05 317.90 313.60

2# Left K0+972.80 37.2 3.6×3.6 83 0.05 316.20 312.00

3# Left K1+338.20 2.0×2.0 145 0.05 319.40 312.10

4# Right K1+266.06 65 3.6×3.6-2 96 0.05 315.30 310.50

5# Left K2+448.40 39.2 3.6×3.6 70 0.05 314.00 310.50

6# Left K2+534.40 2.0×2.0 82 0.05 316.20 312.10

7# Left K4+287.00 79.8 3.6×3.6-2 82 0.05 309.90 305.80

8# Left K4+571.82 24 3.0×3.0 100 0.05 318.60 313.60

9# Right K5+189.25 44.9 3.0×3.0-2 105 0.05 310.10 304.80

10# Left K5+599.20 46.4 3.0×3.0-2 150 0.05 312.30 304.80 Source: Subproject FSR

82. Project costs and implementation period: The project component‘s estimated total investment is CNY597,045,300. The construction period will be 19 months.

2. Wulong County (Flood Risk Management)

83. The Wulong flood management project is centered upon the south bank of the Wu River as it passes through the County Seat of Wulong (Figure III.4). The scope of works and the corresponding flood control design standards of one-in-20-years are in line with

―Wulong County seat urban master plan‖, ―Wulong County12th

Five-Year Water Development Plan‖, and ―Chongqing Municipality Wulong County urban area river regulation line planning special study report‖.

29

Figure III.4: Wu River Flood Risk Management (Source: Subproject FSR)

84. This project component is an urban flood control revetment project. It is primarily an upstream extension of the left bank flood protection revetment implemented under a former World Bank loan. Its purpose is to complete the Wujiang left bank embankment project (a further 2.6km of dike construction), improve urban infrastructure, and raise the flood protection standard of the left bank to one-in-20-years.


(i) River channel regulating and dredging works: The works will include 530,400 m³ of soil and rock excavation, 761,800 m³ of earth and stone backfill, 177,600 m³ of masonry, 48,900 m³ of concrete works, and 1,196.8 of steel reinforcement. The excavated spoil will be re-used in dyke construction and revetments;

(ii) Flood control and bank protection works: The total length of the bank protection works is 2,600m (on the left bank only), designed in accordance with flood protection standards of one in 20 years;

(iii) Flood relief culverts: along the dikes, six flood relief culverts (see Table III.6);

(iv) Road: along the dikes, an urban secondary road of 2,622 m;

(v) Integrated pipe network: along the dikes, pipe trenches of 2,622 m.

86. Flood water surface elevation: The dike line layout will follow the Yangtze River Basin Commission‘s approved regulation line. The dike line will be as smooth as possible, with gentle connection between each section, without polylines or sharp bends, and at the same time take advantage of favorable terrain. The one-in-20-year flood levels and dike elevations in the river reaches in Wulong County seat are shown in Table III.5.

30

Table III.5: Design flood levels and dike elevations

Number Corresponding

chainage Design flood

level (m) Dike freeboard

(m) Calculated level

(m) Design level

(m) Remarks

-- K2+622.32 205.44 0.982 206.42 206.42 End of dike

WL11 K2+561.87 205.34 0.982 206.32 206.62

WL12 K2+240.33 205.24 0.982 206.22 206.39

WL13 K1+956.01 205.14 0.982 206.12 206.30

WL14 K1+713.23 205.13 0.982 206.11 206.14

WL15 K1+341.29 205.03 0.982 206.01 206.30

WL16 K1+156.06 205.03 0.982 206.01 206.35

WL17 K0+848.70 204.89 0.982 205.87 206.08

WL18 K0+620.21 204.88 0.982 205.86 206.12

WL19 K0+413.11 204.87 0.982 205.85 206.14

WL20 K0+276.47 204.82 0.982 205.80 206.11

-- K0+000.00 204.75 0.982 205.73 205.88 Start of dike Source: Subproject FSR

87. Embankment design: For the dike embankment section, a combined embankment of a two-level retaining wall + slope greening will be applied. The first level of the retaining wall is a balance weight type. The retaining wall is 8 – 16m high, and the width of the top of the wall is 1 – 2.5 m. The slope of the face on the water side is 1:0.15. On the upper part of the wall, the back slope is 1:0.3 – 1:0.4. On the lower part of the wall, the back slope is 1:0.3. On the top of the first-level retaining wall there is a water platform, at a level of 187 m. The platform is 4m wide. On the riverside side there are railings. The filling of the slope greening is 6m high, at a slope of 1:2. At the top there is a bridleway, at a level of 193m, and 3 m wide. The second-level retaining wall is a buttressed retaining wall, 14 m high. The face on the water side is vertical. The wall slab is 0.5 m wide. The bottom slab is 1 m wide and 10.2 m wide. The toe slab is 1.5 m long. The buttresses are 0.7 m thick, at 5 m intervals. To facilitate water-based leisure for the public, at 0+360.00 m, 1+090.00, 1+720.00, and 0+240.00 of the dike respectively, there are four stairways going down the river.

Figure III.5: Typical embankment design (Source: Subproject FSR)

31

88. Connection to downstream embankment: The starting point of the works link with the dike built under a World Bank loan. According to the feasibility study report, at the convergence point the dike has been built to one-in-20-year flood level of 203.92 m. The dike level is 204.60 m. The one-in-20-year flood level of this (ADB) project component is 204.82 m, 0.90 m higher than the dike embankment design water level already built. The new dike to be built under this project component will connect to the dike already built by a gently sloping connection.

89. Culverts: Six flood relief culverts will be constructed along the dyke. C30 reinforced concrete will be used for the culverts. At the outlets energy dissipation facilities will be installed. The culvert design parameters are shown in Table III.6.

Table III.6: Culverts along the project dykes

Number Design

flow (m3/s)

Section size (W x

H, m)

Length (m)

Design bottom slope i

Inlet level (m)

Outlet level (m)

Remark

1# Tributary 13.7 2.5×2.5 74.66 0.05 185.38 176.94

2# Tributary 7.49 1.8×2.0 61.85 0.05 194.25 174.51

3# Tributary 29.8 3.2×3.6 75.24 0.05 194.47 184.35

4# Tributary 75.5 4.0×4.5 150.13 0.05 181.90 174.67 2 cells

5# Tributary 4.42 1.5×1.8 61.58 0.05 196.44 184.22

6# Tributary 22.7 3.0×3.2 65.62 0.05 197.03 185.47

Source: Subproject FSR

90. Project costs and construction period: The flood control and bank protection works and the flood relief culvert works are estimated to cost CNY363,640,500, out of which the civil works cost CNY347,477,400, the electrical and mechanical equipment installation works cost CNY1.5 million, and temporary works cost CNY14,663,100. The construction period will be thirteen months, from early October in the first year, when the excavation for the dikes will start, to October in the second year, when the road embankment will be completed. It is expected that excavation will be completed at the end of December in the first year. Then bored piles, buttressed retaining walls, soil and rock backfill, and concrete lattice construction will be carried out and completed by the end of March in the second year, reaching the level of 193.00 m. This will be able to hold a one-in-five-year flood in April. Then construction on dry land will continue. In April, concreting of the buttressed retaining walls above 193.00 m and earthwork backfill to 206.28 m at the top of the dike will be carried out, which will meet the one-in-five-year flood level. Then construction of the railing above and the roads etc. will be completed by the end of October in the second year.

3. Rongchang County (Flood Risk Management)

91. The Rongchang flood management project is centred upon the Rongfeng River as it passes through the County Seat of Rongchang. Construction of the Rongchang River section from the Laixi River estuary to the Chengdu-Chongqing Railway river-crossing bridge has started, with flood protection standards of one in 20 years. The section from Chengdu-Chongqing Railway river-crossing bridge to Donghu Reservoir is the proposed work in this project component (Figure III.6). The scope of works and the construction standards are in line with the requirements of Rongchang County urban and rural master plan (2009 – 2030).

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Figure III.6: Rongfeng River Map (Source: Subproject FSR)

92. The main works of the Rongchang subproject will be river training works. The length of the river dredging works is 2.27km. This will involve river channel regulating and dredging to reduce the roughness and increase the section area for flood flow. This will be combined with river-bank dike construction to widen the channel in constricted areas and provide sloped containment banks for the river flow.


(i) River channel regulating and dredging works: Six sections of the river need dredging with a total length of 2.27 km. Dredging will be carried out to 1.5 m below the normal water level. The total dredging quantities will be about 1,000 m3. Dredging will be carried out by excavators. The excavated spoil will be deposited in selected and approved spoil disposal sites (see below);

(ii) Flood control and bank protection works: The total length of the bank protection works is 8,313m (the left bank is 4,500.75 m long, and the right bank is 3,812.15 m long), designed in accordance with flood protection standards of one in 20 years;

(iii) Drainage culverts: 19 drainage culverts on both banks of the river, all will be 1.5 x 1.5m reinforced concrete box culverts;

(iv) Wastewater pipe network: New wastewater pipes 8,476.5 m long (4,506.5 m on the left bank and 3,970 m on the right bank);

(v) Footbridges: Two new pedestrian bridges, with a single span of 32 m, and bridge surface width of 5 m;

(vi) Landscaping works: Total area of 215,641 m2, of which the landscape planting area on the slopes is 83,375 m2, and the landscape planting area at the top of the dikes is 132,266 m2.

94. Flood water surface elevation: The combined effect of the works on the height of the water surface is illustrated in Figure III.7 and Table III.7 (river height in a one-in-20

33

years flood).

Figure III.7: Schematic diagram of design flood water surface level in the project river reach (Source: Subproject FSR)

34

Table III.7: Comparisons of design flood water surfaces for one-in-20-year floods of Rongfeng River before and after project

Section

Distance from

starting point

Natural river

course

River course after project completion

Water level difference

(m) Section

Level of river

bottom (m)

Water level of river (m)

Level of river

bottom (m)

1# 0.00 316.85 319.49 316.85 1#

Below bridge number 9 66.00 315.78 319.56 315.35 Below bridge number 9

Above bridge number 9 77.00 315.81 319.73 315.35 Above bridge number 9

Below landscape dam

Below landscape dam

Above landscape dam

Above landscape dam

Below bridge number 8 1,065.00 315.34 320.75 315.34 Below bridge number 8

Above bridge number 8 1,261.00 315.32 320.80 315.32 Above bridge number 8















20# 4,759.00 323.79 327.92 323.23 20# Source: Subproject FSRs

95. Dredged material disposal: Two sites were identified for the temporary storage of dredged material, one each on the left and right banks, with a total capacity of about 166,700 m3. Place 1# is located on the right bank at Chainage K0+850, on the left side of the railway. It is mainly arable land and grassland, with a capacity of about 94,700 m3. Place 2# is located on the left bank at Chainage K2+986, on the unused wasteland, with a capacity of about 72,000 m3.

96. Embankment design: The embankment banks mainly adopt a combined type of low dikes plus slopes (Figure III.8). According to the specific conditions of the planning red line, topography, and geology, the following embankment types are adopted: (i) Boulder toe protection + grassed slope protection; (ii) Balance weight retaining wall + grassed slope protection; (iii) Balance weight retaining wall + natural slope protection; and (iv) Vertical retaining wall (Tianan Hotel construction area).

97. The retaining wall materials will be M7.5 mortared stone, with boulder toe protection. The retaining wall top levels will all be 0.3m above the normal water level. At the top of the wall there will be a water platform. The retaining walls will be founded on bedrock. The maximum wall height will be 8.0m. Beneath the wall there will be C15 concrete blinding layer. The water platform will be connected to the top of the dike by grassed slope protection at a gradient less than 1:2. To meet the landscape requirements, at the toe of the slope there will be a M7.5 mortared stone retaining wall 0.5 m wide and 1 m high, and buried to a depth of 0.5 m.

35

Figure III.8: Typical river cross-section and embankment dike (Source: Subproject FSR)

98. Project costs and construction period: The project component‘s estimated total investment is CNY326,203,900. The construction period will be 13 months. The major works will start in early November in the first year and will be completed at the end of November in the second year, a total of 13 months. All works will be wrapped up and completed together with environmental landscaping in December of the second year, together with data compilation for completion, and inspection and acceptance of the works.

4. Roads Components

99. The proposed road components included in the Chongqing Urban and Rural Infrastructure Development II Project include (i) upgrading of a section of existing unclassified rural road from Yanhe to Shuanghe to Class 4 in Chengkou County,(ii) upgrading of two sections of rural roads from Class 4 to Class 3 commencing from Yuilai to Huangshui and from Huangshui to Yangdong in Shizhu County, (iii) upgrading of an existing rural road from Luoyun to Juandong from Class 4 to Class 3 and a new section of Class 3 rural road running along most of the existing road alignment between Juandong and Damu in Fuling County. The following sections present the technical analysis of the proposed road components in the three project counties namely, Chengkou, Shizhu and Fuling.

5. Chengkou County Roads

100. The proposed road project will connect the townships of Yanhe and Shuanghe via a new Class 4 rural road to improve the communications and transport of rural produce within Chengkou County and to adjoining counties. The proposed new road link is 21.2 km long, adopting Alternative 2 (tunnel option) in the FSR9. The component will include a 1.5km tunnel. The overall road base is 6.5 m and the road paving area is a 6.0 m wide asphalt concrete surface, which will cater for two way traffic operations. The provision of a new rural

9 Alternative road alignments are included in the revised FSR. Alignment -1 is based on existing topography with

a zigzag mountain crawler alignment. The total length is 39.19 km. Alignment -2 is a compromised proposal with the intention of reducing the length of zigzag road section by introducing a tunnel section to join the expressway to Shuanghe. These alignment alternatives are discussed in detail in Chapter Analysis of Alternatives.

36

Class 4 road for these townships is in line with the overall transport network planning. It will also help in promoting the economic growth of Chengkou County. The location of the project is shown in Figure III.9 below.

Figure III.9: Road Components in Chengkou County – Yanhe to Shuanghe (Location 1 to 5 indicate traffic count survey points) Source: Subproject FSR

101. The proposed road is classified as Class 4 rural road and has a design speed of 20 km/h. The overall road width is 6.5m with an actual carriageway width of 6.0m to facilitate two way traffic operations. The adopted minimum sight stopping distance is 30 m and the general minimum radius is 30 m but for very difficult location, 15 m radius has been proposed by the LDI.

102. Road cross-sections: The proposed typical cut and fill road cross-sections are shown in Figure III.10. The cutting slopes and fill slopes vary according to the actual geotechnical conditions. In the case of rock cut slope, 1:0.5 has been proposed. In the case of fill slope, 1:0.75 to 1:1 ratio are normally adopted in the proposed design. The appropriate slope will be carefully examined during detailed design stage to ensure the safety of the slope adjacent to the proposed highway.

37

Figure III.10: Typical road cross-sections along road from Yanhe to Shuanghe (Source:

Subproject FSR)

103. Bridges: There are two bridges proposed along the road alignment and they are classified as medium size bridges with a 20 m pre-stressed box guider structure. The bridge piers are supported on columns.

104. Tunnel: The proposed 1.5km tunnel construction is based on the New Austrian Tunnel Method. The main idea of the method (established in the 1950‘s) is to use the geological stress of the surrounding rock mass to stabilize the tunnel itself. The overall tunnel height is 6.72m and the overall width at the normal section is 8.20m. In the case where vehicle passing bay is provided, the overall width increases to 11.50m. The clear headroom of the tunnel is 5.0m and the overall carriageway width is 6.50m which matches with the approach width from both ends of the tunnel. An emergency walkway of 0.75 m is proposed on both sides of the tunnel.

105. Culverts: The minimum span for culvert provision is not less than 1.0m. To facilitate construction of small diameter culvert, concrete pipe will be used. Where the aperture is larger than 2.0m, box culvert will be applied. There are 38 locations with circular culvert and 30 box culverts proposed along the proposed alignment.

6. Shizhu County Roads

106. There are two road components included in the project. The first section (Component R4) is a road improvement starting from the township of Yuelai and ending at Huangshui with an overall length of 17.3 km. The current mud track will be upgraded to a rural Class 3 road with a 6.5 m road base and asphalt concrete pavement to cater for two way traffic operations. It includes a 70m long tunnel, 6 bridges with a total length of 125 m and 39 culverts which add up to 351 m in total.

107. The second section (Component R5) is a road improvement from Huangshui to

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(physics)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

38

Yangdong village with an overall length of 18.3 km. The existing route is running on a track, which is formed by cutting a rock cliff for a width of approximately 3.0 m. The existing track will be widened to 6.5 m for two-way traffic operation and meets the Class 4 road requirements. There are two bridges with a total length of 40 m and 49 culverts are in this section of the road, which involves a total length of 395 m bridging structure.

108. These two sections of road improvements fully support and meet the requirements of Chongqing‘s 12th Five Year Plan by reducing the gap between urban and village areas in terms of standards of living and geography. The provision of the road project accelerates infrastructure improvements and public service facilities, as well as the efforts to improve the overall rural and urban living environment of Shizhu.

Figure III.11: General Information of Existing and Proposed Network Improvements (Source: Subproject FSR)

109. The first section, from Yuelai to Huangshui, is designed to Class 3 rural road standard with a design speed of 30kph. The overall road width is 7.5m of which the standard width of carriageway is 7.0m. The second section, from Huangshui to Yangdong is designed to Class 4 rural road standard with an overall width of 6.5m where the width of carriageway is 6.0m. The major design parameters are listed below:

39

Table III.8: Adopted Highway Design Standards for Class 3 Rural Road

Adopted Design Speed (kph) 30 kph 20 kph

Minimum radius without super elevation (m) 350 150

Minimum radius with super elevation (m) 30 15

Minimum horizontal curve length (m) 50 40

Minimum transition curve (m) 25 20

Super elevation (%) 4 4

Minimum gradient (%) 0.3 0.3

Maximum gradient (%) 10 10

Absolute curvature for crest vertical alignment (m) 250 100

Absolute curvature for sag vertical alignment (m) 250 100

110. Culverts and bridges: There are 39 culverts proposed in the section from Yuelai to Huangshui with a total length of 351m. In the section between Huangshui and Yangdong, 49 culverts with a total length of 396m are proposed in the Shizhu road infrastructure project.

111. Tunnel: A short section of tunnel with a length of 70m is also proposed to overcome difficult terrain conditions. The overall width of the tunnel is 7.5m to cater for two-way traffic operation.

112. Cost estimate and construction period: The overall project cost of the section from Yuelai to Huangshui is CNY136.08 million, of which the engineering cost is CNY106.86. Other engineering cost is CNY26.96 million. The second section of the investment is from Huangshui to Yangdong. The overall project cost is CNY102.13, of which the engineering cost is CNY83.18. Other engineering cost is CNY18.48 million. Detail design, procurement and construction are expected to be completed within two years.

7. Fuling County Roads

113. The proposed highway is located to the eastern part of Fuling District. It links Luoyun Town via Jiaoshi and Juandong townships to Damu village (Figure III.12). The subproject is primarily a road upgrade along an existing alignment. The existing route from Luoyun to Juandong is a Class 3 rural highway with 6.0m carriageway for two-way traffic operation. There are a number of sharp bends without safety fences or particular road safety measures along this route. The second section of the route is from Juandong via Shaniudong to Damu is a Class 4 road which is in poor condition. Several sections of this route are built from cutting off a cliff. The section from Shaniudong to Damu is an unpaved road with a general with of 2-4m. The entire route is poorly maintained. Most of the pavement and safety fences are damaged without replacement.

40

Figure III.12: Luoyun-Juangdong-Damu Road Improvements (Source: Subproject FSR)

114. The proposed road improvement is part of the planned road network in the local master plan and a project to be included in 12th FYP. The recommended alignment has a total length of 30.187km.

115. Road cross-sections: There are three typical road cross sections, including:

(i) Type A (from Ch. B1K0+000 to BK13+600): 1.5m (road shoulder) + 3.5m (traffic lane) X 2 + 1.5m (road shoulder) = 10.00m;

(ii) Type B (from Ch. BK13+600 to A2K18+000): 0.75m (road shoulder) + 3.5m (traffic lane) X 2 + 0.75m (road shoulder) = 8.5m;

(iii) Type C (from Ch. A2K18+000 to A2K22+240.674 and A4K18+000 to A4K25+353.2): Stabilization of the existing road surface.

116. The fill slope has a ratio of 1 in 1.5 where cutting slope varies from 1 in 0.3 to 0.5. Most of the cut slopes are limestone. The proposed cut slope is considered generally acceptable. Special slope treatments may be needed on a case by case basis.

117. Bridges and culverts: A total of 11 bridges with an aggregate length of 1,851m accounts for approximately 6.1% of the alignment length (Table III.9). There are 6 long bridges with a total length of 1,231m; and 5 medium size bridges with a total length of 620m. There are 39 box culverts.

41

Table III.9: Bridges along Luoyun-Juangdong-Damu Road

Chainage Bridge Name (M) Medium/(L) Large

Geo-tech Condition

Bridge length

Main span Structure

No. of span & length

1 BK0+669 Jianjiagou Bridge (L) Limestone 310 Simple T 10-30

2 BK14+226 Juandong Bridge 1(L) Limestone 131 Simple T 4-30

3 BK14+600 Juandong Bridge 2(L) Limestone/Shale 130 Simple T 4-30

4 BK14+855 Juandong Bridge 3(L) Limestone 190 Simple T 6-30

5 A2K15+105 Gushitan Bridge 1(L) Limestone 130 Simple T 4-30

6 A2K15+340 Gushitan Bridge 2(M) Limestone 40.0 Simple T 1-30

7 A2K15+700 Gushitan Bridge 3(M) Limestone 100 Simple T 3-30

8 A2K15+910 Gushitan Bridge 4(M) Limestone/Shale 100 Cont. Box Girder 3-30

9 A2K16+415 Liuhuangchang Bridge(M) Limestone/Shale 340 Simple T 11-30

10 A2K17+350 Piaoshuiyan Bridge(L) Limestone 310 Simple T 10-30

11 A2K17+645 Piaoshuiyan Bridge(L) Limestone 70.0 Simple T 2-30 Source: Subproject FSR

118. The route includes a number of alternative alignments over short sections and these will be discussed in more detail in Chapter V Analysis of Alternatives.

119. Project costs and construction period: The overall project investment of the section from Luoyun to Daimu is CNY392.43 million, of which the engineering cost is CNY288.04. Other engineering cost is CNY100.65 million. Construction is expected to be completed within 24 months.

8. Wanzhou County Water Supply Components

120. The proposed water supply component in Wanzhou District consists of (i) provision of a new water supply plant at Yangliu village and the associated distribution network, (ii) construction of a new water intake; (iii) a new water distribution tunnel. The planning basis of this project component arises from the ―Chongqing Municipality Wanzhou urban master plan revision (2010-2020)‖ and ―Chongqing Municipality Wanzhou District Water Supply Strategic Plan (2010-2020)‖. The proposed Yangliu Water Plant in the short term will supply water to Longbao of the Western Area, Tiancheng Area, and nearby towns and townships, and some urban and rural areas of the Jiangnan Area part of the urban and rural areas (Figure III.13).

42

Figure III.13: Service Area of Yangliu WTP and other WTP (Source: Subproject FSR)

Figure III.14: General Layout of Yangliu WTP and Associated Pipelines (Source:

Subproject FSR)

43

121. The proposed works in this component include (Figure III.14):

(i) Yangliu WTP: located in Yangliu Village of Wanzhou District, with a scale of 200,000 m3/d, of which the civil works of the sludge dewatering room and the water delivery pumping station will be based on the long-term capacity of 350,000 m3/d and built in one go, while the equipment will be installed according to the short-term capacity of 200,000 m3/d.

(ii) Trunk water distribution pipe works comprising: (a) Water delivery pipe from Yangliu WTP to the high-level Telecommunications Wanzhou Branch Company: one steel pipe, with a diameter of DN1,200 mm and length of 7.822 km; and (b) Water delivery pipe from Yangliu WTP to the interface with No. 3 WTP pipe network: one steel pipe, with a diameter of DN1,000 mm and length of 5.798 km;

(iii) Project associated facilities, including (a) construction of new water extraction works; and (b) a new water distribution tunnel (to the Yangliu WTP).

122. The project total investment for sub-components (i) and (ii) is CNY408.7664 million. The construction period will be two years. The design service population will be 830,000 people.

123. The water treatment plant will be located in the southwest of the city, close to the south side of Yangliu Bridge. The plant will include the following components:

(i) Four mechanical mixing ponds: designed as a pond of 50,000 m3/d;

(ii) Four flocculation and sedimentation tanks: designed as a tank of 50,000 m3/d;

(iii) A filtration tank: designed for 200,000 m3/d;

(iv) Two clear water tanks: with a total regulating volume designed according to 10 to 20% of the maximum daily water supply quantity; and

(v) A water delivery pumping station, a chlorination room and a chemical dosing room. The civil works for these components will be completed all at once, while the equipment will be installed to a short-term capacity of 200,000 m3/d with space set aside for the long-term equipment location.

124. Water treatment capacity and process: The water plant is designed for a short-term capacity of 200,000 m3/d, and land is set aside for a long-term addition capacity of 150,000 m3/d. The treatment process is illustrated in Figure III.15.

44

Figure III.15: Treatment process stages (Source: Subproject FSR)

125. Water distribution pipelines: The water distribution trunk pipe laying will be completed all at once. A DN1,200 steel pipes will be laid to a high-level water tank, with a total length of 7.822 km, and a DN1,000 steel pipe will be laid to a lower-level water tank, with a total length of 5.798 km. Two transmission pipelines from Yangliu WTP will go along Yangliu Road, Yongjia Road, Yongjia Road, Dongbao Avenue, Xiamen Road, Longbao Avenue, and then connect to branches at the cross of Shabao Road section No.3. Distribution pipeline of low urban area will go along Shabao Road section No.3 and connect to Telecom Company Wanzhou branch office pipeline, the total length is 5.798 km. Distribution pipeline of high urban area will go along the left side of Longbao River, Waimao Bridge, Jinling Road, Beibin avenue, Beibin avenue section No.1, and then connect to No.3 WTP pipeline, totalling 7.822 km.

Associated facilities (Water extraction works, main transmission pipeline)

126. The following facilities were identified which qualify to the definition of associated facilities as defined in ADB‘s Safeguard Policy Statement: (i) the water extraction works; and (ii) the main transmission pipeline. In the framework of this EIA, an environment due

45

diligence of these associated facilities was conducted, consisting of (i) reviewing existing studies and environment impact assessments; (ii) confirming compliance with relevant standards and regulations; and (iii) concluding on environmental soundness of these associated facilities, with special focus on the suitability of the water source in terms of raw water quality and downstream impacts. The results of the due diligence are presented below.

127. Source water quality: The new Yangliu Water Plant will use Yangtze River water. From the water quality test reports, the raw water quality meets the Type II water quality of ―Surface water quality standards‖ (GB3838-2002) and the Class II standards of― Drinking water source quality standards‖ (CJ3020-93) to meet the water supply security requirements.

128. Water balance: The Yangtze River flows through the whole territory of Wanzhou from Xituo to Bayang, for a distance of about 80 km, of which about 12 km is urbanized. Upstream of the Three Gorges reservoir, where the subproject is located, the minimum dry season flow of Yangtze River is 2,700 m3/s, and the maximum flow during flooding is 99,500 m3/s. The annual average flow is 14,300 m3/s, and the annual average runoff is 421.9 billion m3. The ecological water demand is estimated at 10% of the annual average flow, i.e., 1,430 m3/s.

129. There are no other large-scale water abstraction works at the water intake of this project component. Thus, in the dry season, the amount of Yangtze River water that passes through the territory that the project works can abstract from is 2,700 – 1,430 = 1,270 m3/s. The long-term design daily water supply of the Yangliu Water Plant is 350,000 m3. The use of water from the water plant is 4.46 m3/s. Its abstraction of water is 0.35% of 1,270 m3/s (ecological flow).

130. Water extraction permit: According to the ―Management System of Water Permit‖ (Ministry of Water Resources Order No. 34) and ―Chongqing Municipality Water Permit Management System‖ (Chongqing Government Document No. 158), the water authority must obtain a permit for extracting water. Wanzhou District has furnished the approval documents for the application of water extraction from Yangtze River.

131. Environment impact assessment: An EIA was conducted for the water intake and water transfer by a licensed EIA institute. The EIA report has been reviewed and approved by Wanzhou EPB on July 11, 2012 with an approval letter number of Changqing (Wanzhou) EIA Approval Number 226, 2012. The EIA report was reviewed by the PPTA consultant, which is deemed satisfactory.

132. Water source protection zoning: PRC's Water Pollution Control Act, which was enacted in 2008, stipulates that drinking water sources must be defined into Class 1 and Class 2 protected zones. Based on the requirements stipulated in the ―Drinking water source protection zoning of Chongqing Municipality‖, the water within 1,000 m from the intake point, and the strip of land 100 m behind water intake are delineated as Class 1 protected zone of water sources. The water within the area from 1,000m to 3,000m of the intake, and the land strip from 100m to 200m behind the water intake are delineated as Class 2 protected zone. Wanzhou District Government has provided a letter of commitment, promising to delineate protected zones of water source before the project implementation.

46

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT—Baseline

133. The description of the pre-project environment (biophysical and socio-economic) establishes (i) the environmental setting within which the project will be implemented, and therefore needs to be designed to suit, and (ii) the environmental values which will be changed (either negatively or positively) by the Project. Both these roles are encompassed by the concept of the ―baseline‖ environment.

134. The baseline environmental surveys undertaken for subprojects were determined by the kinds of subproject sectors proposed and the environmental parameters which were relevant to their impact assessment.

A. Municipal Environmental Setting

135. Chongqing Municipality is on the southeast edge of the Sichuan Basin, adjacent to Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou Provinces in the southwest region of the PRC. The Municipality covers an area of 82,403 square kilometers. There are 14 Districts and 22 Counties in the municipality. The main rivers are the Yangtze, Jialing, Wu Jiang, Fujing and Qijiang and Daning Rivers. The Wu Jiang River runs into the Yangtze at Chongqing City from the south having passed through all districts and counties of the Project‘s southeast wing. Continuing its journey downstream from Chongqing City, the Yangtze passes through all the counties of the northeast wing, except Chengkou County. These river systems and the landforms that they have created dominate the Project area.

1. Physical Environment

136. Topography and Geology: The topography of the Project area is predominantly mountainous, with deeply dissected river valleys often occurring as gorges. Flat land is limited to river terraces. The landform is based upon the geology and is characterized by Paleozoic limestone karst formations in the southeast wing‘s districts and counties, being replaced by Mesozoic strata of sandstones and mudstones in Fuling District and the Yangtze River counties of the northeast wing. Small areas of limestone occur in the northeast wing in the Yangtze gorge country and in Chengkou County.

137. Climate: The climate of the Project area is sub-tropical. However the configuration of the terrain and the action of the great river basins produce a variety of local climates. This is shown for temperature and rainfall for the constituent parts of the Project area in Table IV.1 where average temperatures have a 5.3oC variation (between Chengkou County and Wanzhou District/Chongqing City) and rainfall varies by more than half a meter per annum (between Wushan County and Fuling District).

138. Soil: The soils of the Project area are red soil, brown soil, limestone soil, and paddy soil. Red soil is distributed in elevations below 2,500 m. It is the major soil where conifer forests, evergreen broad-leaved forests, and secondary forests occur. The potential for dryland cropping of these soils is high, and hillside cultivation occurs mainly in red soil areas. Brown soil is distributed across elevations from 2,500 to 3,100 m, and supports mainly upland forests. Black limestone soil is distributed in limestone uplands and has varying depths. The soil mass is sharply separated from the parent rock, and has a thick humic layer rich in organic matter. Red limestone soil is more widespread, usually on gently rolling country with good drainage where its carbonates have been largely leached out leaving a good surface structure. Paddy soil is a special soil derived from naturally

47

occurring floodplain soil sediments that have been repeatedly cultivated.

Table IV.1: Yearly Average Temperatures and Rainfall

Region Yearly Average Temperature

(Degrees Centigrade) Yearly Average Precipitation

(mm) Chongqing Municipality 19 1,439.2

One Hour Economic Circle Fuling District 18.1 1,645.9

Southeast Wing Youyang County 14.9 1,400 Northeast Wing

Chengkou County 13.8 1,261.4 Source: Subproject EIAs

139. Hydrology: All water bodies in the Project‘s area of influence ultimately flow into Yangtze River. The single water supply subproject in Wanzhou County draws its source water directly from the Yangtze River and therefore will have a direct volumetric effect on that river‘s flow, averaging 4.5 * 1011 m3 per year in the reach where the subproject rivers drain. The three flood management subprojects focus on intermediate rivers in the Yangtze basin and their volumetric contribution to the Yangtze is shown in Table IV.2 below. The relatively large contribution of the Wu River to the Yangtze basin (8.1% of average flow) highlights the potential impacts of flood control on downstream areas.

Table IV.2: River Basin Analysis of Water Bodies Associated with Subprojects

Component Annual Average Flow Yangtze River Flow % from Subproject river

Longtan (Youyang)

Longtan River: 7.66325 * 108m3 4.5 * 1011 m3 0.145%

Rongfeng (Rongchang)

Rongfeng River: <5.6134 * 109m3 4.5 * 1011 m3 <1.23%

Wu River (Wulong)

Wu River:4.57 * 1010 m3 4.5 * 1011 m3 8.1%

Source: Subproject EIAs

140. Water quality: The water quality of the water bodies within the project‘s area of influence have all been investigated and reported on in the individual component EIAs. The results are summarized in Table IV.3 below. All were reported to meet Class III or better standard of the Water Quality Classification for Water Bodies under National Standard GB3838-2002.

Table IV.3: Water Quality Class of Source Water bodies

County Name Source Class at Subproject Site Youyang County Longtan Flood Management Longtan River II Rongchuang County Rongchuang Flood Management Rongcheng River III Wulong County Wulong Flood Management Wu River III Wanzhou County Wanzhou Water Supply Yangtze River II Source: Subproject EIAs

141. Air and Noise Environment: Monitoring results of Project towns/townships in all districts and counties conducted by the District/County Environmental Monitoring Station, show that for the principal air pollution parameters (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and PM10) the areas meet the Grade-II standard (SO2 = 0.15 mg/m3, NO2 = 0.12 mg/m3, PM10 =

0.15 mg/m3) of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996). The ambient acoustic

48

environment for subproject locations in all districts and counties meet either Category 1 or Category 2 standard of the Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standard (GB3096-1993).

2. Ecological Resources

142. The southwest region of the PRC, of which Chongqing Municipality is a part, is complex and biologically rich, and is cut by deep river gorges that have proved barriers to species movements and resulted in high levels of local endemism. This region is biologically the richest and most diverse region in the PRC10.

143. The vegetation communities of the Project area range from natural communities to substantially altered land cover types. The natural communities reflect the original flora of the location and are an authentic response to soil and elevation. In most cases these are re-growth communities, but are nevertheless representative of indigenous natural communities and are sustainable (i.e. in the absence of external pressure, they will self-maintain in that form). Natural communities of this type comprise: (i) Mixed conifer forest; (ii) Conifer/Deciduous broadleaf forest; (iii) Conifer/Mixed broadleaf forest; (iv) Conifer/Evergreen Broadleaf forest; (v) Deciduous broadleaf forest; (vi) Mixed broadleaf forest; (vii) Evergreen broadleaf forest; (viii) Low, dense mountain shrubland; and (ix) Mountain herbfield.

144. These are distributed through the Project area as a response to elevation, soil depth, and climatic factors (changes in winter severity north to south). Only limited areas of natural vegetation communities remain in the Project area. Most areas have been subject to varying degrees of disturbance, both physical (clearing, thinning, grazing) or ecological (land movement, fire, grazing, weed infestation). These pressures result first in a disturbed form of the natural community which has the potential to return to its original state if the disturbance pressure is removed and the vegetation allowed re-establishing. Where disturbance pressure has continued unabated over a considerable time, the above land cover types have transformed into low, grassy shrubland types, which are called ―wasteland‖ by villagers and cannot return to native types even if disturbance is removed. This is the unsustainable bottom end of the degradation gradient and typifies large areas at lower elevations in the Project area.

145. The domestic EIAs covering the road, flood management and water supply components recorded no rare or endangered wildlife species or impingement of the proposed works on any Protected Area or habitat area, with the exception of the Fuling road component, where the Project will rehabilitate and upgrade a road running through the experimental zone of the Damushan Municipal Natural Reserve (see detailed description in Section 6 of this chapter). Aquatic biodiversity in the project affected rivers is reported in the EIAs as uniformly low and no migratory fish were recorded. Species noted were common.

3. Social and Economic Conditions

146. In 2010, the per capita GDP of Chongqing had reached CNY27,596, compared to the PRC‘s overall per capita GDP of CNY29,992. This places Chongqing Municipality in the top half of the 31 provinces ranked in the Chinese Statistical Yearbook that year. The annual per capita disposable income of urban households – CNY17,532 – is only 8.3% lower than the national average of 19,109 CNY. On this latter indicator, Chongqing Municipality ranks

10

World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF), 1996, Edited by Carey, Geoff ‗A Biodiversity Review of China‘, World Wildlife Fund for Nature International China Programme.

49

11th out of the 31 provinces (Table IV.4). At the county level, Youyang and Shizhu Counties are the poorest. Fuling District has the highest per capita incomes, but only by a factor of between 1.5 – 1.7.

Table IV.4: Per Capita Income and GDP, China, Chongqing and Beijing

Per Capita GDP

(CNY)

Per Capita Disposable

Income of Urban

Households (CNY)

Per Capita Net Income of

Rural Households

(CNY)

2010 Ranking 2010 Ranking 2010 Ranking

Chongqing 27,596 14 17,532 11 5,277 19

Beijing 75,943 2 29,073 2 13,262 2

China 29,992 - 19,109 - 5,919 -

Source: Chinese Statistics Yearbook, 2011

147. Table IV.5 shows that six of the seven project counties/districts are among the eighteen designated poverty counties in Chongqing Municipality. Several of the target counties are among those Municipal counties with the lowest per capita net income among rural households. The project counties/districts incorporate 597 of the 2000 poverty villages in Chongqing Municipality (based on the number of villages designated as poverty villages in the 2006-2010 FYP), although only seven of the villages in the Project areas are poverty villages (additional poverty villages may benefit from the Wanzhou water supply component).

Table IV.5: Poverty Villages, Project Counties/Districts and Project Areas, 2010

District / County Ratio of per capita GDP to Chongqing

average

No. of Poverty Villages in County /

District2

Poverty villages as % of all villages in County / District2

Number of Targeted Villages in Project

Area that are Poverty Villages

Fuling* 157% 55 15.8% 1

Rongchang 80% 19 20.7% 0

Shizhu* 50% 100 53.4% 2

Wulong* 73% 84 45.2% 0

Youyang* 29% 136 50.4% 0

Wanzhou* 120% 117 26.1% 3 (tbc)

Chengkou* 42% 94 50.0% 5 Sources: 1. Chongqing Statistical Yearbook, 2011; 2. Chongqing Poverty Alleviation Office; In calculating Poverty Villages as % of all villages, village committees were used as the denominator. Details of poverty villages in the project areas provided by Municipal Poverty Evaluation Office. 3. Calculated on the basis of the relevant data from 2010 government work reports or national economy and social development statistical bulletins of the 9 districts/counties; 4. Chongqing Poverty Alleviation Office, 2010.

* Indicates designated poverty district/county

50

Table IV.6: Per Capita Income, Rural and Urban Residents, Project Counties / Districts,

2010

County/District

Per capita disposable income (urban)1

Per capita Income (rural)1

Ratio of urban to rural income

Income Rank in

Chongqing4 Income

Rank in Chongqing 4

Fuling District* 16844 13 5548.79 24 304

Rongchang County 16619 17 6754.74 15 246

Shizhu County* 14336 28 4765.38 30 301

Wulong County* 15553 24 4604.33 31 338

Youyang County* 11629 38 3654.88 39 318

Wanzhou District* 16633 16 5332.48 27 312

Chengkou County* 12307 37 3681.27 38 334 Sources: 1. Chongqing Statistical Yearbook, 2011; 2. Chongqing Poverty Alleviation Office; In calculating Poverty Villages as % of all villages, village committees were used as the denominator; 3. calculated on the basis of the relevant data from2010 government work reports or national economy and social; development statistical bulletins of the 9 districts/counties. 4. Chongqing Poverty Alleviation Office, 2010.

* Indicates designated poverty district/county

148. The Project area has significant ethnic minority populations, mainly comprising Tujia and Miao groups. The distribution of these populations among the Project‘s districts and counties is shown in Table IV.7. Some villages directly affected by road or water supply components have very high percentages of ethnic minorities.

Table IV.7: Ethnic Minority Profile in the Project Area, 2010

Region

Ethnic Minority

Population (persons)

% of Total Population

Tujia Proportion

(%)

Miao Proportion

(%)

Other Groups’ Proportion

(%) Types

Chongqing 1973600 6.38 72.17 25.46 2.37 54 Fuling District 5661 0.5 62.06 24.5 13.44 32 Rongchang County 2350 0.36 10.01 8.7 81.29 30 Shizhu County 484876 72.2 71.93 N.A N.A 29 Wulong County 1202 0.3 21.38 44.84 33.78 21 Youyang County 547861 92.2 84.41 15.55 0.04 29 Wanzhou District 20578 1.2 89.37 1.6 9.03 33 Chengkou County 168 0.1 11.9 8.33 79.76 14 Source: calculated on the basis of the 2000 Chongqing 5th Census.

149. A number of important heritage and historic sites are reported in the literature for the Project area and have been observed in the surveys carried out for the FSRs and EIAs. The most important are the ancient town of Longtan which lies on the bank of the river reach proposed for flood management works, and the Changling watchtower which is nearby the proposed alignment of the Yuelai-Huangshui component of the Shizhu road subproject. These are discussed below.

51

B. Component Localities Environmental Setting

4. Longtan, Youyang County (Flood Management Component)

150. Topography: Youyang County is located in the middle to eastern section of the southwest platform and the southeastern margin of Sichuan Basin, in the Hubei and Guizhou fold belt. The terrain on the whole is high in the north and east and low in the south and west. The mountains are majestic and steep; they belong to deep medium and low mountains with structural dissolved deep terrain. The alignment of the mountains in the territory is consistent with the tectonic lines, in a NNE – SSW direction.

151. Geological conditions: The project area is located on both banks of Longtan River. It is in medium to low valley terrain areas. The riverbed of Longtan River has a gentle slope, at an angle generally of 1 to 5°. The terrain of most of the river banks is steeper, at an angle of generally 25 to 45°. In the river bed locations with bedrock, slope angle can be up to 78°. Above the bank slope the terrain is relatively flat, at an angle generally of 1 to 7°. For the project area with river bank works, the formation lithology and the vertical space is distributed as follows:

(i) Mixed fill (Q4ml): Mainly construction waste and silty clay, with loose to slightly

dense structure, mainly located in residential areas, in some areas with an exposed thickness of 0.90 m to 2.00 m

(ii) Silty clay (Q4el+dl): Relatively pure, plastic-like, with medium dry strength and

toughness, distributed throughout the site, the thickness revealed by the drilling being 0.50 m – 8.30 m

(iii) Silty clay, coarse gravel layer (Q4al+pl): Liquid plastic-like to plastic-like, with

low dry strength and toughness, mainly distributed in the riverbed of Longtan River and some areas on the banks, not revealed in the drilling

(iv) Cambrian system Gengjiadian Group (∈3g) limestone: Thick-layered structure, structure of the aphanitic calcareous cementation, with stable lithology. Only medium weathered bedrock was revealed in the drilling; the cores are generally intact, mostly in short prismatic columns, broken locally in some cases. The maximum thickness revealed in the drilling is 21.50 m.

152. The geological structure of the project area is simple, without fault development, with relatively good regional tectonic stability. The bedrock has high bearing capacity, and is the ideal bearing stratum of dike works.

153. Climate: Youyang County has a sub-tropical monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons. The temperature is warm and mild, and precipitation is abundant with strong variation. It is cloudy and foggy, with infrequent frost and snow. The climate is influenced by the terrain and elevation differences, and hazardous weather is frequent. Mean temperature is about 14.3°C-16.0°C. The maximum of monthly mean temperature is 25.5°C, which is in July, and the minimum is 3.8 °C. The extreme minimum temperature recorded is -8.4°C. Average annual precipitation is 1 150 mm to 1 660 mm, and annual evaporation is 951 mm. Most rainfall occurs in the period from April to October, accounting for 84%. The average annual sunshine hours are 1 131 h. The prevailing wind is from northeast, and the annual mean wind speed is 1.8 m/s. The major meteorological hazards include cold fronts in March and April, rainfall in May and June, and hot and dry periods with occasional hail, torrential rain and strong wind in July and August.

52

154. Longtan river basin: The Longtan River basin is located southeast of Youyang County, with a medium to low-mountain terrain. The terrain is high on the east and west sides and low in the middle. Longtan River is a large tributary on the left bank of Meijiang River and a secondary tributary of Youshui River. Longtan River originates in Yuanliang Mountain, north of Taoping Village, Ganxi Town, in Youyang County. It flows from north to south, passes through Ganxi, Mawang, Longtan, Kuzhu, and then in Miaoquan Township of Xiushan County it merges into Meijiang River. Its river basin area is 1,298 km2, its length is 63 km, its average gradient is 7.63‰, and its average flow is 35.9 m3/s. The distribution of the water bodies of the Longtan River basin is seen in Figure IV.1.

Figure IV.1: Longtan River and distribution of nearby river basin water bodies and

measurement stations (Source: Longtan FSR)

龙潭水文站

酉阳县

麻旺镇

甘溪镇

江丰乡

妙泉乡

宋农乡

秀山县

溶溪镇

膏田乡

清溪场

平凯镇

潭

河

梅

江

溪

河

水

酉

河

桥

子河

溶

龙

铜鼓乡

中平乡

酉酬

后溪

龙潭镇

酉阳气象站

龙潭水库站

雨量站

铜西雨量站

董

甘

龙

河

龙潭水库坝址

小

河

龙潭河及临近流域水系及测站分布图

王

家

河

梅江镇

钟灵乡

隘口水库坝址

峻岭雨量站甘龙镇

皎

白

河

巴

家

河

梅

江中溪雨量站

梅江雨

量站

宋农水文站

秀山雨量站

秀山水文站

水文测站

雨量、气象站

乡镇

县

图例

九龙眼水库坝址

河

江

平

县界

省界

洞

龙

河

岑

甘

溪

河

马

渡

河

凉

桥

河

泔溪雨量站

贵

州

省

马槽口雨量站

数据系列：1959-1978 20年H、Q、P

数据系列：1973-2008 36年

H、Q、P

数据系列：

1960-1967 8年 H、Q

1960-2008 49年 P

数据系列：1966-1985 20年P

数据系列：1965-1985 21年P

数据系列：1967-2002 36年P

数据系列：1959-2010 52年P

数据系列：

H --- 水位

Q --- 流量

P --- 降雨量

Township

Water system and Station Distribution of Longtan River Basin

Legend

hydrometric station

rainfall and meteorological station

county

County line

provincial boundaries

Data: H – water level O – quality of flowP – rainfall

Ganxi town

Lon

gtanR

iver

Ganxi Rain Water station

Date: 1966-1985 20 Years P

Date: 1965-1985 21 Years P

Yongyang county

Youchou

Houxi You

Sh

ui

Macaokou Rain Water station

Date: 1959-2010 52 Years P

Youyang Meteorological Station

Date: 1967-2002 36 Years P

Longtan Reservoir Rain Water station

Jiulongyan Reservoir

Mawang town

Tonggu village

Tongxi Rain Water station

Do

ng R

iver

Lomgtan Reservoir

Longtan Town

Wan

gjiaR

iver

Longtan Hydrology stationDate: 1960-1967 8Years H,Q1960-2008 49 Years P

Ending point of the downstream of the project section

starting point of the upstream of the project section

Jiangfeng village

Miaoquan village

Songnong village

SongnongHydrology station

Date: 1959-1978 20Years H,Q,R

Gaotian village

Rongxi Town

Xiushan county

Xiushan Rain Water station

Zhongpingvillage

Pingkai Town

Xiushan Hydrology station

Date: 1973-2008 36Years H,Q,R

Qingxichang

Ganlong Town

Gu

izho

uP

rovin

ce Aikou Reservoir

Junling Rain Water station

Zhongxi Rain Water station

Meijiang Rain Water station

Zhongling village

Meijiang Town

Bajia

River

53

155. The upstream of Longtan River is steeper and the downstream is more moderate. Both banks are flat and wide. The famous Longtan Pingba (―Flatland‖) is an important grain-producing area of Youyang County. The basin has a karstic landscape. Longtan River‘s main tributaries are Yudigou, Bohaigou (Wangjiahe), and Rongxihe. The basin water system‘s characteristic values are presented in Table IV.8.

Table IV.8: Analysis of major tributaries of Longtan River Basin

Name River

basin area (km

2)

Length of main

channel (km)

Annual average

flow (m3/s)

Annual average sediment load

(10000 t)

Annual average sediment

quantity (kg/m3)

Longtan River 1,298 63 35.9 32.2 0.365

Yudigou 105.5 12.3 3.00 3.97 0.365

Wangjiahe 117.4 29.21 3.00 3.97 0.365

Rongxihe 526 60 13.0 17.2 0.365

Jingganghe 60.4 14.57 1.49 1.97 0.365 Source: Subproject EIA

156. Hydrological characteristics: According to rainstorm data of Longtan Rainfall Station from 1962 to 2008, the maximum 24-hr rainstorm amounted to 194.3 mm, and the maximum 6-h rainstorm amounted to 131.8 mm. The distribution is characterized by frequent heavy rain in the watershed on the mountains in the upper reach, and less heavy rain in the flatland areas in the middle and lower reaches, the enveloped area and the frequencies of occurrences in the middle and lower reaches being less than those in the upper reaches.

157. Longtan River is a typical mountain river. Its basin flood water is formed from rainstorms. In April of each year the flood season starts. May to September is the season with frequent rainstorms, and torrential rain and floods often occur in this period. After October, there is more precipitation, but the intensity is smaller, and generally this does not result in large floods. Flood characteristics within the river basin are characterized by concentration of rainstorms with high intensity and low convergence time. Besides, the riverbed slope is steep, the natural river channel has no regulation and storage capacity, and the flow may rise steeply and drop steeply, which are characteristics of a mountain river. A flood usually lasts 1 to 3 days, usually with only one peak.

158. The upstream reaches of the project river are natural landscape; both banks are mainly farmland, with a small amount of farmhouses. In the downstream reaches, Longtan Town and the ancient town area are mainly on the right bank, the bank slopes are mainly bedrock, and some of the embankments are the project embankments. Near the end section of the project it is a natural river; both banks are mostly farmland and plants of enterprises.

159. Flood Risk: On the basis of a hydrological analysis, the institute responsible for the FSR prepared the Longtan River project river reach‘s flood risk map marking the one-in-20-year, one-in-50-year and one-in-100-year flood lines. The risk map shows that one-in-20-year return period floods will basically be contained within the river channel, while one-in-50-year and one-in-100-year return period floods will overflow the river channels in most of the river reaches and the submerged area will be relatively large.

160. In Longtan Old Town, along the river, there is a natural outcropping of bedrock. The

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one-in-20-year and one-in-50-year return period floods have no effect on Longtan Old Town. 100-year return period floods will not affect the core scenic area of the Old Town, but the pier along the river and local low-lying areas will be affected by the floods. The former residence of Zhao Shiyan, on the left bank of Longtan River, is about 400 m from the river, not within the inundated area of 100-year return period floods.

Figure IV.2: Flood Map of Longtan River Project (Source: DI)

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161. Surface water quality: The Environment Monitoring Station (EMS) of Youyang County monitored water quality of Longtan River from March 13, 2012 to March 14, 2012. There are three monitoring sections in total, including 1# point, which is 100m downstream from the start of the Project (river mouth); 2# point, which is under Dazhong Bridge; and 3# point, which is 200m downstream from the end of the Project. The monitoring results are summarized in Table IV.9 below.

Table IV.9: Water Quality – Longtan River (Unit: mg/L except pH)

Item

Date PH SS(mg/L) COD(mg/L) BOD5(mg/L) NH3-N(mg/L)

March

13

1＃ 7.26 4.7 10 2.1 0.084

2＃ 7.21 4.6 11.6 2.3 0.095

3＃ 7.35 5.0 12.5 2.3 0.113

March

14

1＃ 7.16 4.1 10.3 2.4 0.098

2＃ 7.31 4.5 11.1 3.1 0.114

3＃ 7.28 4.9 12.8 2.7 0.109

Source: EIA for Youyang Subproject, 2012

162. According to the above monitoring data, water quality of Longtan River satisfies the Class III standard of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), indicating that water quality is good.

163. Air quality: The EMS of Youyang County monitored ambient air quality within the Project component‘s area of influence from March 13, 2012 to March 17, 2012. There are three monitoring points, including the Wanjia Courtyard, the Ancient Longtan Town and the Middle School of Longtan Town. Table IV.10 summaries the monitoring results.

Table IV.10: Air Quality of Longtan Subproject Area (Unit: mg/m3)

Monitoring Location

Monitoring Items

Average Daily Value

over Five Days

(GB3095 – 1996) – Grade

II EHS (mg/m3)

Wanjia Courtyard

SO2 0.031 0.15 0.125

NO2 0.019 0.12 0.04

TSP 0.090 0.15 0.02

Ancient Longtan Town

SO2 0.030 0.15 0.125

NO2 0.019 0.12 0.04

TSP 0.089 0.15 0.02

Youyang No.1 Middle

School

SO2 0.030 0.15 0.125

NO2 0.018 0.12 0.04

TSP 0.089 0.15 0.02


164. As is common in rural townships in Chongqing Municipality where the ubiquitous limestone bedrock is milled for a range of building processes, TSP levels exceed EHS

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recommended standard, but comply with PRC standards. All parameters for all monitoring points satisfy the requirement of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) – Grade II.

165. Acoustic environment: The EMS of Youyang County set up four noise monitoring points at residential clusters within the project area of influence on March 14, 2012 and March 15, 2012 (see Table IV.11). The monitoring values for ambient noise levels in the subproject sites meet the PRC standard for Class II areas and the corresponding EHS target values.

Table IV.11: Acoustic Baseline of Longtan Subproject (Unit: dB(A))

Monitoring Point March 14 Leq March 15 Leq Reference Value EHS

Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime

1# ( Residential Area of Wangjia Courtyard)

50.6 43.8 50.1 42.9 60 50 55 45

2# (Middle School of Ancient Longtan Town)

52.9 44.2 53.1 43.6 60 50 55 45

3# ( Residential Area of Ancient Longtan Town)

50.4 44.9 51.3 44.2 60 50 55 45

4# (Youyang No.1 Middle School)

52.4 42.3 53.1 43.2 60 50 55 45


166. Ecological Resources: In the upstream reaches of the Longtan River, the water volume is high and riparian vegetation is rich in species and density. In downstream areas where flow is lower and some parts of the river dry up for several months the vegetation is correspondingly depauperate. Vegetation along both banks of Longtan river are mainly common species. Common vegetation mainly includes herbaceous plants, of which the grass Setaria viridis is most widespread, accounting for more than 70%. Additionally, there are large amount of grain crops (mainly including maize and wheat) and economic crops (including rape, peanut, citrus, medicinal materials etc.) along both banks of the river levee. There are no national or municipal level rare or endangered species in the project area.

167. In term of fauna, the assessment area belongs to the transition zone between central PRC and south western PRC of the Oriental Realm. This zone has the potential for rich species of terrestrial vertebrates, however the long history of human activities in the project area have significantly reduced this species richness. Both banks of the river course are mainly places of residences, roads and farmlands. There are no rare or endanger wildlife species recorded in the subproject area.

168. Fish species: The aquatic survey conducted in the framework of the Longtan EIA recorded more than 70 fish specimens, including 28 species and belonging to 2 orders and 7 families. Among them, there are 21 species of Cyprinidae. In terms of population, Cyprinidae are the dominant species in the reach, accounting for around 75% of total fish, which is consistent with that of fish fauna in other main river systems across the PRC. No protected fish species were found in the project reach. There is no wintering ground, spawning ground or nursery ground for fish. National key protected rare and endangered aquatic species are not found in the Project basin.

169. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, vascular plants, benthos: The most diverse phytoplankton is Bacillariophyta with 12 genera present, and then Chlorophyta with 11

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genera. The dominant species are Macrocystis, Cyclotella and Melosira. There are 18 zooplankton species, including protozoon, rotifer, cladocera, copepod and ostracoda. The dominant species are Keratella quadrata, Asplanchnidae and protozoon. The dominant species of aquatic vascular plants in the Longtan River are Ceratophyllum demersum, Lemna minor and Hydrilla verticillata. The major benthos species in the Longtan River are Cipangopaludina chinensis, Anodonta woodiana and freshwater Macrobrachium nipponense.

170. Socio-economic status: Youyang County covers an area of 5,173 km2. It is the largest district/county in Chongqing Municipality. At the end of 2010, the whole county‘s registered population was 832,100. In 2010, its GDP was CNY5.816 billion, an increase of 15.2% over the previous year.

171. Cultural Resources: Longtan Old Town has the status of ―PRC‘s famous historical and cultural town‖, ―Top 10 Famous Historical and Cultural Towns of Chongqing‖ and ―National Patriotism Education Resource‖. The Longtan Old Town has municipal and national protection status.

172. The age of Longtan Town can be traced back to the early years of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. The protected old town is a building complex covering an area of 1.4km2. It maintains the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and is the largest and the best preserved ancient town in Chongqing.

173. A conservation plan for the old town (Youyang County Longtan Town famous historical and cultural town conservation plan) has been established11. The plan defines the following goals:

(i) Protection of the traditional style of the historical and cultural town, and continuation and development of the spirit of national culture;

(ii) Socio-economic development to meet the growing material and cultural needs of residents;

(iii) Exploration of development models suitable for characteristics of PRC‘s small towns in the process of urbanization.

174. The plan also defines the protection objectives in terms of physical cultural resources, as follows:

(i) Protection of the overall style: A traditional stone slate street neighborhood, and former residences of celebrities like Zhao Shiyan and Liu Ren, constitute the core of the ancient town protection;

(ii) Protection of traditional streets: Stone slate streets start and end in an orderly manner and slope gently. The buildings on both sides and streets complement each other, reflecting the essence of the Longtan Old Town and its architecture. As traditional neighborhood streets these are under special protection.

(iii) Protection of key architecture: The key architecture of Longtan Old Town

11

Planning for Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Towns in Longtan Town, 2003.

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includes palaces and temples represented by Zhao Shiye Martyr Memorial, Yuwang Temple, Wanshou Palace, and Wangye Temple, historical former residences of celebrities, and well-preserved residential houses, piers, and bridges, with features of Bayu (―Old Chongqing‖) mountainous areas. These buildings are key cultural relics protection units at various levels, as well as ancient town historical and cultural appearances.

175. The river bank dock sites with heritage value include Fuxing Dock, Zhaojia Dock, Ganjia Dock, Chenjia Dock, Zhouyoufang Dock, Upper Dock, Big Dock, Medium Dock and Fourth Dock. All these docks face east and are stone structures, with a cambered unloading platform on the lower part paved with block stones and a stone-paved stairway with straight and curved sections designed according to the local terrain leading to the markets and merchant areas in the old town. These docks cover between several hundred and a thousand square meters each.

Figure IV.3: Longtan Old Town

5. Wulong, Wulong County (Flood Management Component)

176. Location: Wulong County is located on the downstream reaches of Wujiang River in central Chongqing, with a length of 82.7 km from east to west, and a width of 75 km from north to south. It is 128 km away from Chongqing City center. It adjoins Pengshui to the east, Zhen County of Guizhou Province to the south, Nanchuan and Fuling to the west, and Fengdu to the north. It is located in the intersection point of "one circle two wings" of Chongqing. In ancient times it was mentioned as the ―door screen of Chongqing and Guizhou‖.

177. Climate: The climate ofWulong County is subtropical humid monsoon climate, with abundant sunshine, being warm and humid, with four distinct seasons. The mean annual temperature is 17.3 ℃, and the average annual rainfall is 984.4 mm. The rainfall is affected by the monsoon circulation, with obvious seasonal differences. The rainfall from May to October is 829.33 mm, accounting for 76.37% of the annual rainfall. Annual distribution of precipitation is separated into distinct rainy and dry seasons. Precipitation from May to July accounts for 50% of the whole year. June has the highest precipitation. The average annual sunshine hours are 1,121 h, the annual average relative humidity is 78%, the average frost-free period is 296 d, the average wind speed is 1.6 m/s, the mean annual maximum wind speed is 6.1 m/s, and the measured maximum wind speed is 32.0 m/s, with a wind direction of NW.

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178. Topography: Wulong County is in the Dalou Mountain fold belt on the southeast edge of Chongqing. The terrain is primarily deep hills, river valleys, and mountains. Apart from a small amount of flat land among the high mountains and in the river valleys, he vast majority of the county is steeply sloping ground. It is correctly said of Wulong; ―Eight tenths are mountains, one tenth is flat land, and one tenth is water. Due to the terrain constraints, the main city area of Wulong County can only be developed along the narrow canyon of the Wujiang River mainstream. The subproject area is located on the south bank of Wujiang, with geomorphology of low hills and river valley terraces. Bedrock outcrops account for about 10 percent of the subproject area.

179. Geological conditions: The proposed site is located on the bank slope on the left bank of Wujiang River. Its geomorphology is that of low mountains and river valley terraces. The gradient of the terrain is generally 10-45°, and in some places can be up to 50°. The lithology of the strata, from the new to the old, is briefly as follows:

(i) Quaternary Holocene artificial fill (Q4ml): mainly silty clay, with gravel, shale

fragments, with some household waste and construction debris, loose, slightly wet,filled for about three years, generally 0.50 to 4.80 m thick ;

(ii) Quaternary Holocene silty clay (Q4el+dl): plastic-like, medium dry strength,

medium toughness, 0.00 – 4.30 m thick,mainly distributed in the primeval slope in the survey area;

(iii) Quaternary Holocene sand with pebbles (Q4al+pl): plastic-like, medium dry

strength, medium toughness, 0.00 – 4.30 m thick, mainly distributed in Wujiang and the river banks in the survey area;

(iv) Jurassic system (J1z) artesian group: (a) sandstone: medium-grained

structure, thick-layered structure, mineral composition mainly feldspar, quartz, calcium argillaceous cement; (b)mudstone: argillaceous structure, thick-layered structure, mainly composed of clay minerals with small thickness, mostly sandwich-like outcrops;

(v) Triassic system Xujia River group (T3xj): lithic quartz sandstone stuck with

argillaceous massive material;

(vi) Triassic system Leikoupo group (T2 l): Aphanitic structure, middle layer – thin-

bedded limestone, argillaceous limestone with small amounts of calcareous shale and dolomite.

180. Groundwater occurrence within the area can be classified as Quaternary unconsolidated rock pore water, bedrock fissure water, and karst groundwater. The Quaternary unconsolidated rock pore water and bedrock fissure water is relatively poor.

181. Engineering geological assessment: The artificial fill layer is distributed in a small area, with uneven thickness, and poor mechanical properties, and cannot be used as the foundation bearing stratum. The sand, silty clay, and gravel layers are unevenly distributed, with poor mechanical properties, and cannot be used as the foundation bearing stratum for the proposed structures. For the underlying bedrock in the survey area, the strongly weathered layer is relatively thin, while the medium weathered bedrock has good mechanical properties and is a good foundation bearing stratum for the dike works. The surface water and groundwater in the proposed site is not corrosive to concrete. The basic seismic intensity is degree VI.

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182. River basin: The Wu River (Wujiang) is the largest tributary on the right bank of the upper reaches of Yangtze River. The Wu River provides a navigable waterway for the area. At Wulong, the 100-year flood level is 206.43 m, and the corresponding discharge is 23,000 m3/s. It originates in the eastern foothills of Wumeng Mountains at Yancang, Weining County in north western Guizhou Province, converging into the Yangtze in Fuling. The Wulong hydrological station is a control station for Wujiang. The catchment area is about 83,035 km2. The average annual flow rate is 1,653 m3/s and the mean annual runoff is 52.121 billion m3/annum. The maximum flow is 13,900 m3/s and the minimum flow is 233 m3/s. The annual average sediment concentration is 773.5 g/m3; the rate of sediment transport is 1,256.8 g/m3, and the amount of sediment transport is 29.59 million tons. The Wujiang‘s river basin is shown in the figure below.

Figure IV.4: Wu River Basin and distribution of nearby water bodies and measurement

stations Source: Subproject EIA

183. Wulong County is located in the downstream reaches of Wujiang River, with many streams and rivers in its territory all belonging to Wujiang River. Its more than 50 rivers and streams are mostly dendritic and feather shaped, with large slopes and more concentrated drops, draining into Wujiang River from the north or the south. In addition to Wujiang, rivers with catchment areas more than 50 km2and flowing through major cities and towns include

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Furong(―Hibiscus‖) River, Daxi River, Muzong River, Shiliang River, Changtou River, Qingshui Stream, Zhaojia River and Maoer Channel. The main features of the rivers are in Table IV.12.

Table IV.12: Characteristics of major tributaries within Wulong County contributing to

the Wu River

River Town / township passed

through

River basin area

Length within

territory

Average flow within

territory

Natural drop within territory

Average slope

km2 km m3/s m ‰

Furong River Haokou, Shiqiao, Jiangkou 7,886 32 183.2 123 3.8

Daxi River Fenglai, Pingqiao, Yajiang 2,056 30.2 37.3 190 63

Muzong River Houping, Tongxin, Canggou 537.4 33.4 15.35 1,085 32

Shiliang River Tiekuang, Baiyun, Changba, Baima

471.6 30 9.39 967 33

Changtou River

Huangying, Xiangkou 260 23.7 5.2 935 55

Qingshui Stream

Tukan 187 16 4.91 1,090 68

Zhao River Zhaojia, Baima 102.5 28.3 2.43 1,205 25

Maoer Channel

Yangjiao 50.5 80 1.2 820 103

Source: Subproject EIA

184. Hydrological characteristics: The Wujiang river is recharged solely by precipitation. Floods mainly result from heavy rain, concentrated in May to October. The maximum peak flow occurs in the flood season of May to October, concentrated in June to July, with most probable occurrences in mid to late June. Because of abrupt heavy rains and steep slopes, convergence is rapid, and fluctuation of the river level is quick. The flood peaks are reached quickly, and the flood volume is concentrated over a short duration.

185. Flood Risk: The institute responsible for the FSR has prepared the Wujiang Wulong County section flood risk map marking the one-in-20-year, one-in-50-year and one-in-100-year flood lines (Figure IV.5).

186. Wulong County seat‘s flood control engineering standards are based on one-in-20-year floods. The flood control design standard is in line with ―Wulong County seat urban master plan‖, ―Wulong County 12th Five-Year Water Development Plan‖, and ―Chongqing Municipality Wulong County urban area river regulation line planning special study report‖. According to Wulong County, floods in excess of this standard will need non-structural measures to deal with. The flood inundation areas refer to those areas susceptible to floods and without structural measures to protect them. For Wulong County seat, the flood inundation areas are those areas inundated by floods exceeding the design standards.

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Figure IV.5: Wujiang Flood Map Source: DI

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187. Surface water quality: The Wulong Country Environmental Protection Monitoring of Social Welfare Integrated Services Center has reported on ambient surface water quality of the Wu River in the period 2010.12.24-2010.12.31 for monitoring points located at Xiangkou town and East Village, Wulong country. The monitoring results are summarized in Table IV.13.

Table IV.13: Water Quality – Wu River (Unit: mg/L except pH)

Parameter pH COD BOD5 NH3-N Animal and

plant oils

Monitoring

concentration values

over the period

7.55~8.30 10 mg/L 2 mg/L 0.126~0.177 0.05 mg/L

Standard value 6~9 ≤20 ≤4 ≤1.0 ≤0.05

Source: EIA for Wulong Subproject, 2012

188. According to the above monitoring data, water quality of Wu River can satisfy Class III standard of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838-2002), indicating water quality is in good condition.

189. Air quality: Wulong County Environmental Protection Monitoring Station monitored ambient air quality in the subproject area in the period 2012.2.21-2012.2.28.The Wulong County Environmental Protection Monitoring of Social Welfare Integrated Services Center has also reported on ambient air water quality of the Wu River in the period 2010.12.24-201012.31 for monitoring points located at Xiangkou town and East Village, Wulong country. Table IV.14 summaries the monitoring results.

Table IV.14 Air Quality of Wulong Subproject Area (Unit: mg/m3)

Monitoring Items

Ave daily range over

sampling period at all

monitoring locations

(GB3095 – 1996) – Grade II

EHS (mg/m3)

SO2 0.006~0.008 0.15 0.125

NO2 0.021~0.029 0.12 0.04

TSP 0.09~0.18 0.15 0.02

Source: EIA for Wulong Subproject, 2012

190. As is common in rural townships in Chongqing municipality where the ubiquitous limestone bedrock is milled for a range of building processes, TSP levels partly exceed both PRC standards and EHS targets. All other parameters for all monitoring points satisfy the requirement of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) – Grade II.

191. Acoustic environment: Wulong Coutry Environmental Protection Monitoring Station monitored, ambient noise levels at a range of sensitive receiver sites in the period 2012.2.21-2012.2.28. (see Table IV.15). The monitoring values for ambient noise levels in the subproject site meet the PRC standard for Class II areas and the corresponding EHS targets.

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Table IV.15: Acoustic Baseline of Wulong Subproject (Unit: dB(A))

Monitoring Point Monitoring Data Reference Value EHS

Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime

1#（the gate of the Family

Planning Commission） 65.6～67.8 53.6～54.8 70 60 70 70

2#（Wujiang San Bridge’s south

side） 57.1～57.6 48.3～51.2 60 50 55 45

3#（Wulong Scrapyard） 60.8～61.3 50.3～51.1 70 60 70 70

4#（residential area to the

Wulong scrapyard） 57.7～58.8 49.8～50.8 70 60 70 70

5#（Local tax bureau dorm） 53.2～54.7 47.3～48.6 60 50 55 45 Source: EIA for Wulong Subproject, 2012

192. Ecological Resources: Wulong County has high vegetation coverage, about 41.8%. There are 164,000 ha of forest dominated by sub-tropical plants. The major vegetation includes evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen coniferous forest, mixed evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous forest, bamboo, mixed evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved forest, shrubbery, sparse wood grassland and shrubby grassland.

193. Flora species: There are 1,292 flora species in the area, belonging to 115 families and 475 genera, of which 12 species belong to 5 families and 11 genera of gymnosperms, and 1,280 species belong to 110 families and 464 genera of angiosperm. The national first-level protection species Cathaya argyrophyella, Davidia involucrata, Baill and dawn redwood; and some second-level and third-level protection flora species which exist in the County are not reported in the project‘s direct area of influence.

194. Fauna species: There are 34 mammalian species belonging to 12 families of 4 orders, 14 reptile species belonging to 2 families of 3 orders, 12 amphibian species belonging to 3 families of 2 orders, and 26 bird species of 18 families. There are some rare species in the County that are in the national first, second and third level protection inventory, including Panthera pardus, Ailurus fulgens, and the Chinese sturgeon, but these are not reported in the project‘s direct area of influence.

195. IBAT (Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool) data showed that there is no protected area or biodiversity conservation area or endangered species in the project area.

196. The Wulong Fisheries Station has provided extensive data on the affected reach of the Wujiang River. There are 34 fish species in the river reach that belong to 8 families of 7 orders. The most commonly found species include Carassius auratus, catfish, Coreius heterodon, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Spinibarbus sinensis and Onychostoma. There are 6 spawning grounds, 3 over-wintering grounds and 3 feeding grounds in the river reach. The EIS found that after 1964, the multi-channel development of high dams and generating plants along the Wujing has cut off the migration channels between Wujiang and its river branches, and increases in sedimentation, which caused significant change in the aquatic ecosystem. In recent years, the governments have released fish fry of a range of species, initiating some degree of recovery. Overall however, fish stocks in the river and species diversity are still low. There are a number of fish feeding and spawning grounds in the river reach at Wulong and these are shown in Figure IV.6. None will be directly affected by construction activities, and measures to avoid indirect impacts will be discussed in Chapter V.

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Figure IV.6: Fish Feeding and Spawning Grounds in the Wuhiang River Source: Subproject EIA

197. Socio-economic status: Wulong County covers an area of 2,901.3 km2, with a total population of 41.08 million people. It is a key county of national poverty alleviation and development efforts, a demonstration county for poverty alleviation by technology, and a county affected by the Three Gorges reservoir. The county‘s regional gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010 is CNY724.155 million, which is an increase of 17.3 percent over the previous year calculated at comparable prices.

198. Physical cultural resources: Historical relics in Wulong County include Changsunwuji Tomb, and tourism resources include national (AAAAA) scenic spots of Xiannv Mountain and Furong Cave. However, these resources are 20 km from the project site and will not be affected by the project.

6. Rongchang, Youyang County (Flood Management Component)

199. Location: Rongchang is located in the west of Chongqing Municipality, located at the border of Sichuan and Chongqing. It adjoins Dazu to the east, Yongchuan and Lu Counties to the south, Longchang to the west, and Neijiang and Anqiu to the north. It is the western portal of Chongqing Municipality. Rongchang is 89 km from Chongqing urban area and 246 km away from Chengdu, and is an important industrial and trade city on the Chengdu-Chongqing economic belt.

200. Topography: Rongchang is located at the junction of the hills in central Sichuan and the parallel valleys of the eastern Sichuan Basin. The topography of the whole territory is mainly shallow hills with fertile land, gently undulating terrain, and an average elevation of 380 m. The terrain of both banks of the Rongfeng River is relatively flat, and the river banks are mostly low, steep scarps. The slope of the terrain beside both banks is generally 5 to 15°, increasing to 25-30°.

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201. Climate: Rongchang County‘s climate is subtropical humid monsoon climate, with features like four distinct seasons, mild climate, abundant rainfall, warm winter, early spring, rainy early summer, hot mid-summer, and late autumn with continuous overcast and rain. The annual average temperature is 17.8 °C, the extreme maximum temperature is 41 °C, the extreme minimum temperature is -3.4 °C, the average annual precipitation is 1,099 mm, the average annual evaporation is 1,025.8 mm, the annual average wind speed is 1.2 m/s, the average maximum wind speed is 9.4 m/s, the prevailing wind direction is NNE.

202. Geological conditions: The project area is located along the banks of Rongchang River. The site is a shallow hill valley landform. The overall terrain on both banks is relatively flat. The river banks are mostly scarp-like. The gradient of the terrain on both banks is generally 5 to15 °, and in some places can be up to 25 to 30°. On the riverbed there are local bedrock outcrops. On both banks of the river dikes the surface cover layer is mainly plain artificial fill and silty clay. The materials within the river and the river flood plains are mainly silty clay. The underlying bedrock is Jurassic system Shaximiao group sandstone, mudstone, and a small amount of muddy siltstone. The geological conditions of the proposed embankment dikes along the banks are good. The rock is a stable foundation and suitable for the construction of the dikes.

203. River basin: Within Rongfeng County there are 151 rivers of various sizes, the largest being the Laixi River and Qingliu River, all belonging to the Tuojiang River system.

204. The Laixi River originates in Gaoping Town of Dazu District, flows through Dazu, Rongchang, and Lu Counties, and enters the Tuojiang River at Hushi Town - a total length of 192 km, and a basin area of 3,257 km2. The upstream reaches of Laixi River are mountainous, with large variations in the terrain. The middle and lower reaches are generally through shallow hills, with small variations in the terrain, where paddy fields are concentrated.

205. The Rongfeng River (the project river) is a major tributary on the left bank of Laixi River, with a total length of 29.34 km, and a basin-wide area of 73.81 km2. The average river gradient is 3.56%. The Rongfeng River originates in the mountains southeast of the Dazu Area. Within the vicinity of Rongchang it passes through Fenggao Town and Donghua Water Reservoir, and is joined by another tributary, the Yudai River. After it passes through the new urban area of Rongchang County (the Northern New District) it enters the Laixi River. The river section downstream of the Yudai River confluence has been straightened, so the river is relatively smooth, straight, flat and slow, and both sides of the river are regular.

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Figure IV.7: Water system of the Rongfeng River and Laixi River Source: Subproject EIA

206. Hydrological characteristics: Rongfeng River‘s runoff is mainly derived from precipitation, with a small amount of snowmelt and groundwater recharge. The variations in the runoff each year basically corresponds to the variations in precipitation. Annual runoff distribution is uneven and mainly concentrated in the May to September period, when 72.2% of the total annual runoff occurs.

207. Heavy rain occurs mainly from June to September, mainly as local rainstorms, with a short duration generally within three days each. The maximum flood in a year generally occurs between June to September, especially in July and August. In the last 50 years the largest flow measured at Yutan Station occurred in July and August. The floods have fast

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convergence, rise abruptly and fall quickly, with peaks of short duration. Usually a flood process takes about three days.

208. Flood Risk: The institute responsible for the FSR has prepared a flood risk map for the subproject area, marking the one-in-20-year, one-in-50-year and one-in-100-year flood inundation lines. The mapping used one-dimensional hydraulic model calculation, and then combined these with the terrain data to determine the flood inundation area.

209. The flood inundation area can be seen from the flood risk map (Figure IV.9). In the subproject river reach, the inundation area of floods that exceed the standards (one-in-50-year and one-in-100-year return period floods) is not large, with a limited flooding area on both banks, only marginally exceeding the scope of the design flood protection area.

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Figure IV.8: Flood Map of Rongfeng River Source: DI

70

210. Surface water quality: The Rongfeng River is a Type 1 tributary of Laixi River's left bank, and its drainage area is fundamentally identical to that of the Laixi's Rongchang County section. Based upon this, the Rongchang subproject EIA assessment uses Laixi River surface water monitoring data (provided by Rongchang County monitoring station's Rongchang Environment Document [2011]) to indicate baseline surface water quality in the subproject location. Laixi River is categorized as Class III water body under Surface Water

Environment Quality Standards (GB3838－2002). The monitoring results are summarized

in Table IV.16 below.

Table IV.16: Water Quality – Laixi River (Unit: mg/L except pH)

Parameter pH COD(mg/L) BOD5(mg/L) Fecal Coliform (unit/ /L) NH3 (mg/L)

Monitoring Result

8.86 25.2 3.50 8.0×102 0.343

PRC Standard 6～9 20 4 10000 1.0


211. Results show that the COD content in the Laixi River exceeds standards (by a factor of 1.26). While other parameters comply with standards, the COD level indicates that Laixi River has been polluted to a certain extent and cannot satisfy the functional requirements of a Type III water body. As urbanization accelerates in Rongchang County and appropriate environmental protection facilities for wastewater and sewage treatment and disposal are brought online, it is expected that the water quality will improve.

212. The Rongchang flood management works will involve dredging of the river to reduce the roughness and increase the section area for flood flow. The dredge spoil volume is estimated at 1,000 m3. The Rongchang subproject EIA has reported on the likely sediment quality of the dredge spoil and assessed it against the Standards of Pollution Content of Agricultural Sludge (GB4284-84) and Class 2 standards in Soil Environment Standards (GB15618-1995). The sediment testing results in the tables below are from the nearby Liangtan River, which has similar hydrological and riparian land use characteristics to the Rongfeng. Both rivers receive only domestic and agricultural wastewater12 (see Table IV.17 and Table IV.18).

12

No industrial wastewater from Rongchang‘s industrial park enters the Rongfeng River.

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Table IV.17: Liangtan river sediment quality (Unit: mg/kg dry matter, except pH)


Table IV.18: Liangtan River Sediment Pollution Index*

Survey Point Pb Hg Ars. Zn Cr6 Cu

1# Chadian Bridge 0.062 0.171 0.180 0.547 0.0006 0.046

2# Wanshou Farm 0.021 0.017 0.170 0.079 0.0001 0.0808

3# Juhong Bridge 0.021 0.015 0.077 0.081 0.0002 0.105

4# Shuanghekou 0.058 0.123 0.271 0.343 0.0007 /

5# Xixi Bridge 0.039 0.063 0.216 0.209 0.0002 /

6# Tashui Bridge 0.048 0.105 0.147 0.153 0.0002 /

7# Daotuzui 0.034 0.071 0.216 0.213 0.0003 /

8# Huxi Junction 0.016 0.048 0.189 0.089 0.0003 /

9# Huangnibao 0.098 0.193 0.439 0.477 0.0022 0.528

10# Wujia Bridge 0.015 0.036 0.171 0.037 0.0002 0.0222

11# Shuimatou 0.025 0.063 0.093 0.099 0.0005 0.102

Note *: pollution index = Ci/Coi; where Ci means type i heavy metal concentration; Coi means limitation value of type i heavy metal in Soil Environment Standards, Class II (GB15618-1995). Source:

Subproject EIA

213. The results indicate that heavy metals content in Liangtan River dredge spoil are within the limitation of Standards of Pollution Content of Agricultural Sludge (GB4284-84) and Class 2 standards in Soil Environment Standards (GB15618-1995). The sediment testing results reported on are not from the Rongfeng River, but from the nearby Liangtan

Survey Point pH Pb Hg As Zn Total P Cr6 Cu

1# Chadian Bridge 8.21 21.7 0.171 3.59 164 665 0.199 4.6

2# Wanshou Farm 8.99 7.26 0.017 3.40 23.8 56 0.037 8.08

3# Juhong Bridge 8.97 7.37 0.015 1.54 24.4 108 0.078 10.5

4# Shuanghekou 8.00 20.3 0.123 5.42 103 410 0.245 0.013L

5# Xixi Bridge 8.43 13.6 0.063 4.31 62.7 53.9 0.055 0.013L

6# Tashui Bridge 8.19 16.8 0.105 2.94 45.8 92.3 0.059 0.013L

7# Daotuzui 8.94 12.0 0.071 4.31 63.8 230 0.111 0.013L

8# Huxi Junction 8.38 5.60 0.048 3.78 26.8 1.46 0.088 0.013L

9# Huangnibao 8.07 34.4 0.193 8.77 143 7.18 0.787 52.8

10# Wujia Bridge 7.75 5.11 0.036 3.42 11.2 14.9 0.069 2.22

11# Shuimatou 8.13 8.76 0.063 1.86 29.7 90.0 0.160 10.2

GB15618-1995

(for pH>7.5) - 350 1.0 20 300 - 350 100

GB4284-84 - 1,000 15 75 1,000 - 1,000 1,000

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River, which has similar hydrological and riparian land use characteristics to the Rongfeng. Both rivers receive only domestic and agricultural wastewater13. It can be assumed with reasonable certainty that dredged sediments from the Rongfeng River will also comply with relevant quality standards, but this should be confirmed in practice, with testing of actual dredge sediment from the Rongfeng reach prior to dredging works to ensure safe disposal or reuse. This requirement is flagged as loan assurance in the project agreement.

214. Air quality: This project is located in the new township of Rongchang County, which is adjacent to the township of Changyuan Town. This baseline assessment will refer to the environmental air quality monitoring data from the Rongchang County Changyuan Town Township Air Environment Quality Monitoring Data (April 2011) provided by the Rongchang County monitoring station, which should adequately reflect the subproject location's air quality. The factors to be assessed according to Class II standard as stipulated in Air Environment Quality Standards (GB3095—1996) for air quality including SO2, NO2 and PM10. Table IV.19 summarizes the monitoring results.

Table IV.19: Air Quality of Rongchang Subproject Area (Unit: mg/m3)

Monitoring Time

Monitoring Result

PM10 SO2 NO2

mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3

April 19th 0.1233 0.0554 0.0399

April 20th 0.1334 0.0608 0.0517

April 21st 0.1006 0.0682 0.0247

April 22nd 0.0494 0.1122 0.0367

April 23rd 0.0822 0.1144 0.0375

April 24th 0.0677 0.1228 0.0415

April 25th 0.0363 0.0646 0.0262

GB3095-1996 Class II Standard 0.15 0.15 0.12

EHS Targets 0.02 (TSP) 0.125 0.04


215. As is common in rural townships in Chongqing municipality where the ubiquitous limestone bedrock is milled for a range of building processes, TSP levels exceed EHS standards (but comply with PRC standards). All parameters for all monitoring points satisfy the requirement of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) – Grade II.

216. Ecological Resources: Rongchang County is considered a deforested area since it has a high population density, high ratio of reclaimed land and severe destruction of indigenous plants. Forest coverage is only 4.3% of the county area. In the low-lying hills surrounding the subproject site are various pine species, cedar, camellia sasanqua and mao bamboo. Near the river and around houses are scattered bamboo thickets. The construction sites are mostly agricultural vegetation intersected by some common plants like Eucalyptus, Paulownia and Camphor, and the riversides are covered with grassy

13


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shrubland.

217. The intensive clearing of native vegetation in Rongchang County has impacted on natural fauna distributions. There are no significant wildlife species in the subproject area, and land fauna mainly comprises domesticated and farm animals and rodents.

218. Following the rise in population and industrial expansion of the Rongfeng River basin, the regional ecosystems have declined significantly. Poor water quality, lack of planktons or bethnic creatures, pollution and over-fishing in Rongfeng River and its tributaries have diminished aquatic life to only some common species. Even these, however, have been subjected to electro-fishing, poisoning and dynamite fishing practices. This, in combination with poor water quality have led to the river's extremely low fish reproduction capacity. The major fauna species include Chinese carps, eels and loach. The river reach of the project site does not have any rare, endangered or protected fish species and there is no fish habitat area. Therefore, the impact on fish species is minor.

219. Social economic status: Rongchang covers an area of 1,074.96 km2. At the end of 2010, the county‘s registered population was 832,100. Its GDP in 2010 was CNY 15,995,110,000, an increase of 15.1 percent over the previous year.

220. Physical cultural resources: There are no historical relics and physical cultural resources within the project‘s area of influence.

7. Chengkou County (Road Component)

221. The county is located at the northern Sichuan Basin within the subtropical monsoon zone. The main climatic features are mild climate, abundant rainfall, adequate sunshine, and distinctive seasonal change (long winter and short summer). Temperature rises rapidly in spring but fluctuates. Rainfall concentrates in summer and the dry season is mainly in July and August. Cool and rainy weather appears in autumn and continues with low temperatures into the winter. The general weather conditions are summarized in the following table.

Table IV.20: General Meteorological Feature of Chengkou

Average annual temperature 13.8℃

Inter-annual temperature variation relatively stable

Average frost-free period 234 days

Average annual rainfall 166 days

Average annual sunshine time 1534 hours

Average annual rainfall 1261.4mm (Precipitation trend from SW to NE)

Average annual wind speed 0.2m /s Predominant wind direction is SW Source: Subproject EIA

222. Landform: Chengkou County is located at the junction of the Micang Mountain range and the central area of the Daba Mountain range. The ridge lines here are arranged in parallel rows in a northwest to south easterly orientation. Altitudes commonly reach 2000- 2500m, with a relative relief of over 1000m between river valleys and high and precipitous valley sides.

223. Geological conditions: The geology and the structural geology of the area is part of the northwest-to-southeast trending geological structure of the eastern margin of the East Sichuan belt, which is part of the Cathaysian settlement. The solid geology of the area comprise of carbonaceous shales that generally have a blocky structure, argillaceous and dark grey in color, and silty shale which also has a blocky structure and greyish yellow and

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grayish green in color. The superficial sediments overlying the rock comprise mainly debris flow deposits and colluviums. The soil is generally grey and grayish yellow in color, and clayey and silty in nature with shale gravels. The geological conditions in the area are generally favorable for tunneling. However, due to the blocky nature of sedimentary rocks that are likely to be encountered along the alignment of the road and tunnel, support systems will be required to prevent rock falls and roof collapses in the tunnels. Moreover, large ground water inflows and sudden gushing of water may be experienced due to the fractured and blocky nature of the rock. Slope stabilization measures may be required along the road and at tunnel portals.

224. Biological resources: The vegetation resources in Chengkou County can be divided into four categories - forest, mountain meadows, woody shrub lands and bamboo thickets. The common dominant forest taxa are oak, birch wood, pine, cedar, fir and hemlock. The national first and second level rare and precious special trees in the county include Chinese dive tree, Maire yew, maidenhair tree, eucommia bark and tulip tree.

225. Chengkou County has abundant faunal resources. The literature records 65 mammal species, among which are some first national level protected animals, such as the South Chinese tiger and catamount. Second level protected animals include macaque, jackal, black bear, yellow-throated marten, water dog, civet, and scaly anteater. The same is true of the bird and reptilian fauna, with high species diversity and a number of high conservation value taxa.

226. However, the proposed subproject area is in a location with a high level of human activities which have significantly altered the landscape to the point where there is virtually no natural vegetation and no habitat for indigenous animal species remaining. There are no nature reserve or landscape scenic spots with provincial grade or higher conservation status. The existing vegetation is mainly cultivation on farmlands, village perimeters and residential building gardens. The main crops are rice, corn and sweet potato.

227. Seismic intensity zone: The subproject area is located in the Chuandong weak earthquake zone with stable regional structure and no record of destructive earthquakes. Earthquake shock impacted from the outside area will usually be below V. According to the PRC ground motion parameter survey (GB 18306-2001), the ground shock peak acceleration of Chengkou county is less than 0.05 G and potential earthquake intensity is less than VI.

228. Water resources: The surface drainage system of Chengkou County is densely covered with rivers which form part of the Yangzte River basin. The north is the Ren River system of the Hanjiang river watershed, the south is the Qian River system of the Jia Lingjiang River watershed. There are 13 rivers with a watershed area exceeding 100 km2, 6 rivers with a watershed area between 50-100 km2 and 26 rivers with watershed areas between 10-50 km2. Ren River and Qian River systems are two master rivers in the county.

229. The Ren River has a length of about 128km in Chengkou county with a watershed area of 2360.74 km2. The annual average flow is 63.4m3/s. The average width of river bed is 150 m with a 9.7 ‰ bed slope. In Chengkou county, only the section between Gaowang and the County seat is navigable, the other sections has no water-borne transport due to its mass of mud flat and stone reefs. The Qian River has a length of 62km in the county with a watershed area of 927.86 km2. The average annual flow is 22.4m3/s. The average width of riverbed is 100m, making it the second largest river in the county.

230. Surface water quality: Chengkou County Environmental Monitoring Station set up a monitoring station at Zhongxi River along the proposed project road in March 11 to 13, 2012, to monitor pH, COD, BOD5, NH3-N, SS, Escherichia coli, and water temperature.

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The results are shown in Table IV.21.

Table IV.21: Water Quality – Zongxi River (Monitoring section at Zhongxi River) (Unit:

mg/L)

Parameter Mean value or Scope (GB3838-2002) – Grade III

pH 8.21-8.33

COD 2.59 ≤20

BOD5 3.20 ≤4

NH3-N 0.48 ≤1.0

SS 7.0

Oil 0.044

Escherichia coli 5500

Water Temperature 6


231. It can be seen from Table IV.21, pH, COD, BOD5, NH 3-N, oil and E.coli can meet the requirement of the III Grade of Surface water environmental quality standards (GB 3838-2002), therefore the project area shares good quality surface water.

232. Air quality: Chengkou County environmental monitoring station has established three atmospheric monitoring points at sensitive receivers in Beipo Village in Yanhe Town, Wanquan primary school in Yanhe Town as well as a residential area in Zhongxi Town. The data reported in Table IV.22 below was recorded on March 9-13, 2012.

Table IV.22: Air Quality of Chengkou Roads Subproject (Unit: mg/m3)

Monitoring Point Parameter Mean Value of the recorded

five days

(GB3095-1996) – Grade II

EHS

Beipo Village in Yanhe Town

SO2 0.024 0.15 0.125

NO2 0.0085 0.12 0.04

TSP 0.12 0.30 n/a

Wanquan primary school in Yanhe Town

SO2 0.033 0.15 0.125

NO2 0.0029 0.12 0.04

TSP 0.17 0.30 n/a

Zhongxi Town

SO2 0.076 0.15 0.125

NO2 0.0043 0.12 0.04

TSP 0.22 0.30 n/a


233. Based on the monitoring results, the air quality in the Chengkou subproject area meets the requirement of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) – Grade II and the World Bank EHS Guidelines (2007).

234. Acoustic Environment: Chengkou County Environmental Monitoring Station has established 5 noise monitoring points in residential areas within the project‘s area of

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influence and has reported the following data for the period March 12 and 13, 2012.

Table IV.23: Acoustic Baseline of Chengkou Roads Subproject (Unit: dB(A))

Monitoring point Monitoring time

dB (A) PRC Standard EHS Month Day Hour

Proposed road 1 # Point 3

12 Day 55.2 60 55

Night 47.8 50 45

13 Day 56.1 60 55

Night 48.2 50 45


12 Day 54.1 60 55

Night 43.2 50 45

13 Day 55.3 60 55

Night 43.3 50 45

Proposed road 3 # Point

3

12 Day 56.2 60 55

Night 45.5 50 45

13 Day 56.1 60 55

Night 42.1 50 45


12 Day 55.5 60 55

Night 41.8 50 45

13 Day 56.3 60 55

Night 42.2 50 45


12 Day 51.1 60 55

Night 42.2 50 45

13 Day 52.1 60 55

Night 40.2 50 45


235. The noise levels (both daytime and nighttime) at all points satisfy the requirement of Grade 2 of Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) and only marginally exceed EHS targets in some areas.

236. Physical Cultural Resources. There are no cultural relics or historic sites located in the subproject area of Chengkou roads.

8. Shizhu County (Road Component)

237. Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County is located to the east of Chongqing City on the south side of Yangtze River within the core area of the Three Gorges. The county is in the sub-tropical climate zone swept by the moist monsoon. The average annual temperature of the county is around 18oC. It is a traditional farming county within part of the mountain territory of the Sichuan Basin.

238. The county covers an area of 3,012.51 km2, of which 30,000ha of arable land, and 115,300 ha of forest within the subtropical monsoon zone. The county has over 32

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townships with a total population of half a million, of which 445,000 are rural. Over 72% of the total is ethnic minority population.

239. The county has rich mineral resources which include coal, nature gas, limestone, marble, copper, iron and gold. Huanugshui national park and tropical rainy forest are also the attraction of the tourist industry.

240. Climate: Shizhu County is located in the humid subtropical climate zone, which is subject to the subtropical East Asian monsoon. It is marked by mild climate, four distinct seasons, hot summer, warm winter, abundant rainfall, frequent monsoon and long frost-free period. However, it is also subject to weak solar radiation, insufficient sunshine, and frequent drought in spring and summer. The typical mountain climate there features the three-dimensional rule—varying with the altitude. It is characterized by hot summer, warm in winter, varied temperature in spring and autumn, abundant but uneven distribution of precipitation and moist air. According to statistics provided by the Weather Bureau, the maximum annual rainfall was 1,544.3 mm (in 1979), while the minimum annual rainfall was 783.2 mm (in 1977), and the average rainfall is 1,163.3 mm. The rain mainly falls from May to September, whose rainfall accounts for 65% of the annual average. The average annual maximum daily rainfall is 104 mm, while the maximum daily rainfall of 178. 3mm (on June 1, 1971).

241. Landform: Located in the southeastern edge of Sichuan Basin, Shizhu County is under the administration of Zhongshan District, Dalou Mountain, Wushan. The terrain declines from the east to the west with ups and downs along the way, running through the entire land from the northeast and southwest regions to Fangdou Mountain and Qiyue Mountain that are seemingly in parallel. These are the main landform features of the county. The land is marked by overlapping mountains, criss-cross ravines and extremely different elevations, giving rise to various landforms such as hills, low mountains, medium-height mountains, mountain plateaus, broad valleys, narrow valleys, karsts and gullies.

242. Biological resources: According to classification principle, system and unit of Chinese vegetation and the actual field survey results in the Shizhu subproject EIAs, there are 6 vegetation types and 13 formations in this region, which are shown in Table IV.24.

Table IV.24: Vegetation Types of the Region

Vegetation type Formation

Natural vegetation

I. Warm coniferous forest

1 Masson pine forest

2 Fir forest

3 Metasequoia forest

II. Warm coniferous & broad leaved deciduous mixed forest

4. Masson pine and german oak forest

III. Broad leaved deciduous forest

5 German oak forest

6 Koelreuteria paniculata forest

7 Oriental whiteoak forest

IV. Bamboo forest 8. Sinocalamus affinis forest

9 Bashania fangiana forest

V. Broad leaved deciduous shrub 10 Wineberry shrub

app:ds:broadleaved

app:ds:deciduous

app:ds:forest

app:ds:german

app:ds:oak

app:ds:broadleaved

app:ds:deciduous

app:ds:forest

app:ds:german

app:ds:oak

app:ds:Koelreuteria

app:ds:paniculata

app:ds:oriental

app:ds:white

app:ds:white

app:ds:sinocalamus

app:ds:affinis

app:ds:broadleaved

app:ds:deciduous

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Vegetation type Formation

11 Pyracantha fortuneana shrub

VI. Meadow 12 Trefoil meadow

13 Anemone vitifolia meadow

Planted vegetation

Rice, corn, potato, rape, etc., two crops a year

Coptis chinensis, one crop in 4 to 5 years


243. Rare and protected flora in the county include Coptis chinensis, a low evergreen shrub which is a second-class national protected plant, and Metasequoia, a middle sized deciduous tree. The Metasequoia is the only species of the family Taxodiaceae. It is a rare relic species limited to a small area in the PRC and is listed in the first groups of national class-A protected plants. In border areas of Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan, due to the complex terrain and lack of past glaciations, Metasequoia has survived. Small areas of Coptis chinensis are cultivated in the region. The road alignments do not encroach on any recorded areas of these plants.

244. A number of bird species in the region are also under national grade 2 protection. They include Chrysolophus pictus, Falco tinnunculus, Buteo buteo, and Glaucidium cuculoides.

245. Cultural and Landscape Resources: One of the two Shizhu road components (Yuelai-Huangshui) will pass through the Huangshui National Forest Park14 and close to the Changling watchtower, a county-level cultural relic.

246. Huangshui National Forest Park is located on the mountain plateau of Qiyao Mountain in the northeast of Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County. Located at the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir, it is one of the five National Forest Parks in Chongqing and is the youngest, largest and the only ethnic minority‘s scenic spot. The Forest Park is characterized by the Wushan sedimentary rock landform. Its highest point is 1,934 meters, while the lowest point is 800 meters, and the average elevation is 1,600 m. The park covers a total area of 50,400 hectares. There are 36 scenic spots in the park, and a number of water bodies. There is the largest artificial fish lake in Huangshui, which is distributed in staircases. There are also the Anzigou Reservoir (Youcao River) with a reservoir capacity of 1.63 million cubic meters, 48 bays resembling water mazes, and small islands. The park comprises a number of special use areas. These include the dedicated scenic spots noted above, the Dafengbao Nature Reserve, the Bizika Green Palace, and the Ecological Experimental Area.

247. The Dafengbao Municipal Nature Reserve is an IUCNi Category V reserve (protected landscape) and a classified for natural monument protection under the PRC‘s nature reserves classification system. The main objective is to safeguard the region with a 'distinct character' in regards to its ecological, biological, cultural or scenic value. In contrast with other IUCN categories, Category V allows a higher level of interaction with surrounding communities who are able to contribute to the areas management and engage with the natural and cultural heritage it embodies through a sustainable outlook. Category V is one

14

Forest parks are created and managed solely by the State Forest Administration (SFA) for tourism and recreation.



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of the more flexible classifications of protected areas. As a result, protected landscapes may be able to accommodate contemporary developments such as ecotourism at the same time as maintaining the historical management practices that may procure the sustainability of agro-biodiversity.

248. Within the Dafengbao Reserve there are a number of protected flora species including seven Class I plant species (ginkgo, metasequoia, yew, maire yew, B. sinensis, Davidia Involucrate, Davidia Involucrate var. Vilmoriniana) and 25 species under Class II protection. Within the reserve there are also protected fauna species consisting of (i) two Class I animals (leopard and Neofelis Nebulosa) and 11 Class II animals, (ii) one Class I bird species (Aquila Chrysaetos) and 33 Class II bird species, (iii) two Class II amphibious species, and (iv) one Class II insect species.

249. The nearest road section is more than 5km away from the core region of Dafengbao Nature Reserve, 1 km from the experimental area, and more than 3 km from the Bizika Green Palace. As verified by Shizhu County Huangshui Forest Park Management Committee, the road under planning is not in the Dafengbao Municipal Nature Reserve and does not go through scenic areas (Figure IV.9).

Figure IV.9: Relationship of Road Alignment with Dafengbao Nature Reserve Source: Local

PMO

250. The Changling Watchtower is a county-level cultural relic located in the upper section of Xinchang in Xingguang Group, Xincheng Village, Yuelai Town. The tower is made of stones and composed of 6 floors (5 floors and 1 base). Floor slabs of the towers have been all destroyed, except for the remaining peripheral stone wall and the iron gate. The top of the roof is covered by purlins and tiles. There are four corner towers. Two observation decks are built on the façade, which are scattered by gun holes, and lion's heads are installed at the lower part for support and decoration. The gate of the watchtower is engraved with two lines of Chinese characters meaning moonlight and flowers. According to records, this watchtower was built in 1927. It is poorly preserved and its material

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotourism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrobiodiversity

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conservation is to be included to the upcoming Xinchang ancient street renovation project. There is a stone dam in front of the watchtower, in front of which lies the wooden-structure house. The house features an eave gable roof, and the internal beams, the house is equipped with stone pillars in the front, wooden walls, latticed windows, wooden railings and one room upstairs and downstairs. The nearest point of the proposed road alignment is 150m from the tower. Other cultural resources within the road‘s area of influence are presented in discussed in Appendix 3.

Figure IV.10: Changling Watchtower, a county-level cultural relic

251. Water resources: In addition to the 27 km of Yangtze River in the northwest, there are 52 rivers and streams in Shizhu County. Eleven of these rivers have catchment areas of over 100 km2, including the 5 relatively large ones that belong to the two major river systems of Yangtze River and Wujiang River. The smaller rivers include the Longhe River and Guandu River. The project is located in the Longhe River basin. The project road will cross the Yuelai River, a tributary of the Longhe River.

252. The Longhe River is a mountain river with rapid runoff. The soil in the river basin is mainly sandy soil despite of a little cohesive soil in the limestone area. The above characteristics contribute to the phenomenon of flood in rainy days and low water in non-rainy days. The Longhe River is a rain source river, and floods are caused by torrential rain. Floods may occur from April to October. The storm center usually lies in mountainous regions in its upper reaches. The water converges at a fast speed on the slope and in the river channels, and the water level rises and falls sharply, giving rise to the typical mountain stream flood.

253. Surface water quality: The Yuelai-Huangshui road component will cross the Yuelai River. The Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County Environmental Monitoring Station monitored the water quality. One monitoring spot of the surface water was set up in the upper reaches of the Yuelai River, 500 meters away from Yongjiagou in Yuelai Village. The results are shown in Table IV.25. The Huangshui-Yangdong road component will cross the Yanghe Brook. The same unit monitored the existing water quality. The single monitoring spot of the surface water was set up in the upper reaches of the Yanghe Brook, 500 meters away from Gaoqiaoping along the brook. The results are shown in Table IV.26.

Table IV.25: Water Quality – Yuelai River (Unit: mg/L)

Parameter pH COD BOD5 NH3-N Petroleum Total phosphorus

Concentration values 8.18- 8.23 10 2 0.038- 0.050 0.05 0.035- 0.041

Standard values 6-9 ≤ 20 ≤ 4 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.2


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Table IV.26: Water Quality – Yanghe Brook (Unit: mg/L)

Parameter pH COD BOD5 NH3-N Petroleum Total phosphorus

Concentration values 8.08-8.18 10 2 0.041-0.050 0.05L 0.034-0.038

Standard values 6-9 ≤ 20 ≤ 4 ≤ 1.0 ≤ 0.05 ≤ 0.2


254. The water quality parameters of both the Yuelai River and Yanghe Brook comply with Category III water quality standard the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards (GB3838-2002).

255. Air quality: The Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County Environmental Monitoring Station monitored the existing air quality within the component‘s area of influence. One environmental monitoring spot was set up in Xincheng Village Committee for the Yuelai-Huangshui road component and one in the Kuashimiao residential area for the Huangshui-Yangdong road component. Hourly concentration values of SO2, NO2 were monitored in four periods each day (respectively at 02:00, 08:00, 14:00, 20:00); daily average concentration values were monitored for PM10. The results are reported in Table IV.27 below. The air quality in the Shizhu subproject area meets the requirement of

Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) – Grade III and the World Bank EHS Guidelines (2007).

Table IV.27: Air Quality of Shizhu Roads Subproject (Unit: mg/m3) Source: Subproject EIA

Monitoring Point Parameter Mean Value of

the recorded six days

(GB3095-1996) – Grade III

EHS

Xincheng Village Committee Headquarters

(Yuelai-Huangshui component)

SO2 0.014-0.018 0.5 0.125

NO2 0.014-0.018 0.24 0.04

PM10 0.040-0.048 0.15 n/a

Kuashimiao residential area

(Huangshui-Yangdong component)

SO2 0.011-0.018 0.5 0.125

NO2 0.013-0.018 0.24 0.04

PM10 0.031-0.044 0.15 n/a

256. Acoustic Environment: The Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County Environmental Monitoring Station monitored the ambient noise levels within the subproject areas. For the Yuelai-Huangshui road component a total of 3 monitoring spots were set up in the Yuelai Town Village Resettlement District (1#), Xincheng Village Committee (2#) and Jinhua Village Committee (3#). For the Huangshui-Yangdong road component there were 4 monitoring spots, including Kuashimiao residential area, Sifangbei gas mineral and residential area (2#), Wafangzi residential area (3#), Wachangping residential area, Qinhe Village (4#). Results are presented in Table IV.28 and Table IV.29. The noise levels (both daytime and nighttime) at all points satisfy the requirement of Grade 2 of Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) and EHS targets.

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Table IV.28: Acoustic Baseline of Shizhu Roads Subproject - Yuelai-Huangshui Component (Unit: dB(A))

Monitoring spots Monitoring values

Daytime At night

1# Yuelai Town Village Resettlement District 44.7 ~ 45.6 39.2 ~ 39.5

2# Xincheng Village Committee 45.2 ~ 45.9 38.7 ~ 39.3

3# Jinhua Village Committee 45.1 ~ 45.2 38.9 ~ 39.0

PRC Standard (Class 2) 60 50

EHS 55 45


Table IV.29: Acoustic Baseline of Shizhu Roads Subproject – Huangshui-Yangdong Component (Unit: dB(A))

Monitoring spot Monitoring values

Day Night

1# (Kuashimiao residential area) 44.7-45.6 39.2-39.5

2＃ (Sifangbei gas mineral and residential

area) 45.2-45.9 38.7-39.3

3＃ (Wafangzi residential area) 45.1-45.2 38.9-39.0

4# (Wachangping residential area, Qinhe

Village) 44.8-45.3 38.9-39.2

PRC Standard (Class 2) 60 50 EHS 55 45


9. Fuling County (Road Component)

258. Fuling District is located at a distance of 120km to the east of Chongqing City and bounded by Changshou County to the north, Fengdu County to the east and Wulong and Nanchong Counties to the south. The urban area is located at the meeting point of Wu River and Yangtze River which is also within the core area of the economic zone of Three Gorges. It has been a major transport interchange for the waterborne transport and a major logistics hub of the county. The total area of Fuling is 2941sq.km. It has a total population of 1.14 million of which 680,000 are within the City of Fuling with an urbanization rate of 59.6%.

259. Climate: Fuling District belongs to mid-subtropical humid monsoon climate zone,

with four distinct seasons. The annually average temperature is 18.5℃; the extreme highest

temperature is 43℃; the extreme lowest temperature is -2.7℃. The mean annual precipitation is 1,056.9mm; the mean annual relative humidity is 77%; the mean annual amount of sunny day is between 50 and 150; the mean annual amount of fog days is between 10 and 40; the mean annual amount of cloudy days is about 200; the mean annual amount of rain days is about 150.

260. Landform: The Project is located in the southeast of Fuling with large amount of outcropped limestone strata. The Luoyun Township and Jiaoshi Town zone belongs to hill landform with tectonic corrosion, and outcropped stratum mainly are Triassic Lower System Jialingjiang Formation limestone. The elevation generally ranges from 300m to 600m; the topographic relief is relatively small; the slope gradient ranges from 10° to 40°. The area is characterized by well developed surface and underground karstic landforms.

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261. The Juandongchang – Damu Township zone belongs to valley landform with tectonic corrosion, and most of river valleys are narrow. The elevation in the area ranges from 400m to 1200m with big differences in elevation. Outcropped stratum is mainly composed of Triassic Lower System Jialingjiang Formation to Dias Lower System limestones. The gradient of slope is more than 30° in general. The karstic landform on the surface and underground is well developed.

262. Biological resources: There is a rich variety of flora in Fuling District, with over 330 families, 1500 genera and 4000 species of plants. Food crops comprise rice, corn, sweet potatoes, potato, lima bean, pea, soybean, and sorghum. Cash crops include rape, peanut, sesame, vegetable stalk, radish, Chinese cabbage, tomato, pea, taro, lotus root, Zizania aquatica, tobacco, ramie, watermelon, and chufa.

263. Flatland and surrounding zones of low hills and gentle slopes are farmed and road alignments are mainly through flatland area and the foot of low hill slope. Therefore, farmland is most affected by the subproject.

264. At the gate of Yuelai Hotel in Juandongchang, there are 2 cultivated cycads under Class II state protection. Other ancient and significant trees are listed in the table below. None are encroached upon by the subproject road, and safeguards will cover indirect effects.

Table IV.30: Protected plants and ancient and well-known trees in assessment area

Chinese name

Protection Level

Location Remarks

Yellow cinnamon

Level II Damuchang, highway terminal in south side scheme

15, artificial cultivation, diameter of tree trunk 25cm.

Sweetgum Ancient and well-known trees

Datiedong section in A2 scheme, 50m west of the highway

1, artificial cultivation, diameter of tree trunk 90cm, height 20m.


265. Birds and terrestrial animals in the Louyun-Juangdong subproject area are common species associated with farmlands.

266. Damushan Municipal Nature Reserve: The Juangdong-Damuduan road section is located in the experimental area of the Damushan Municipal Nature Reserve. Damushan Municipal Natural Reserve was approved by Chongqing Municipality Government in December 2003. The reserve is an IUCN15 Category V reserve (protected landscape) and classified for natural monument protection under the PRC‘s nature reserves classification system. It is located at southeastern edge of Fuling County with geographical coordinate between 107°30′44″~107°43′43″ E and 29°25′33″~29°39′58″ N. To its southeast there are Wuling Mountain National Forest Park and Wulong County Xiannv Mountain Forest Area; to its southwest there is Wujiang River; to its northeast there is Sanfu Forest Area in Fengdu County; to its northwest there are Damu, Shanwo and Wuling townships in Fuling County. (Figure IV.11). The total area of the Damushan NR is 14,775.2ha including 4,398.1ha of core zone, 2,910.2 ha of buffer zone, and 7466.9 ha of experimental zone.

267. The main protection objective of Damushan NR is the natural ecosystem formed by subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in mid and low mountain areas. A key objective

15

International Union for the Conservation of Nature.


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of the NR management plan is to safeguard the distinct character of the area in regards to its ecological, biological, cultural or scenic value. Key protected wild species of fauna and flora within the NR include subtropical forest vegetation type, redwood, gingko, trembling poplar, Lindera communis, clouded leopard, Moschus berezovskii. The main vegetation type of the NR includes temperate coniferous forest, warm coniferous forest, broad-leaved deciduous forest, evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest and broad-leaved deciduous shrub. In the reserve are scattered rare plants such as gingko, yellow cinnamon, walnut tree and eucommia.

268. In the assessment area, 5 species are under national second class protection, including scops owl, collared scops owl, common kestrel, common buzzard, and goral, 10 terrestrial wild animal species are under Chongqing municipality priority protection, including yellow weasel, leopard-cat, Chinese bamboo partridge, water crock, chestnut-winged cuckoo, cuculus micropterus, lesser cuckoo, black bulbul, trimeresurus gramineus, red-spotted toothed toad, and 4 aquatic wild animal species under Chongqing municipality priority protection, including rana guentheri, rana limnocharis, rana nigromaculata and Paa boulengeri.

269. According to survey, no large-scale wildlife habitat and migration passages are found within the environmental assessment scope. The Juangdong-Damu section of the project component involves the upgrade of an existing road. The area occupied by the permanent works has no national key protected wild plants, and is not the main habitat of national key protected wildlife species. Operation of the project will raise the road standard and traffic capacity, improve the road infrastructure, break the bottleneck restricting the development of tourist attractions, and has great significance to the promotion of the tourism development of Damu Township. The implementing agency of the road component has obtained the opinion from the Damushan Nature Reserve Management Office, and the office has approved the project in the form of FDGCH [2012] Doc No. 26, confirming that the construction of the project complies with the planning for management of Damushan Nature Reserve. The land uses along the road alignment within the experimental zone are predominantly agricultural (Table IV.30-b).

Table IV.30-b: Land uses along the road alignment within experimental zone of Damushan nature reserve

Type Agricultural Forest Shrubland Grass land

Area (ha) 1.184 0.431 0.232 0.087 Source: Damushan NR management office

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Figure IV.11: Location and Zoning of Damushan Nature Reserve Source: Local PMO

270. Surface water quality: One monitoring point was set up where the road alignment crosses the Maxi River (BK14 +900). The monitoring parameters were: pH, the COD, BOD5, NH3-N, TP, and petroleum. The results are shown in the table below. It can be seen from the table that pH, COD, BOD5, NH 3-N, TP and Petroleum can meet the requirement of III Grade of Surface water environmental quality standards (GB 3838-2002).

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Table IV.31: Water Quality – Maxi River (Unit: mg/L)

Monitoring section at Zhongxi River

Parameter Mean value or range (GB3838-2002) – Grade III

pH 8.18-8.25 6-9

COD 10 ≤20

BOD5 0.5 ≤4

NH3-N 0.156-0.188 ≤1.0

TP 0.012-0.014 0.2

Petroleum 0.05 0.05


271. Air quality: Two ambient air monitoring points were sampled for this assessment. Monitoring point 1#: Fuling No. 8 Middle School (BK6 +250); monitoring point 2#: Commune 2, Yuanxing Village (BK20+380). The monitoring points are located 10~15m from the existing road section to be upgraded (Juangdong-Daimu). Based on the monitoring results in Table IV.32, the air quality in the Fuling subproject area meets the requirement of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) – Grade II and the World Bank EHS Guidelines (2007).

Table IV.32: Air Quality of Fuling Roads Subproject (Unit: mg/m3)

Monitoring Point Parameter Range of Daily Average Value

(mg/m3)

(GB3095-1996) – Grade II

EHS

1#: Fuling No. 8 Middle School

SO2 0.010-0.017 0.15 0.125

NO2 0.073-0.094 0.12 0.04

PM10 0.010-0.020 0.15 n/a

CO 1.25 4

2#: Commune 2, Yuanxing Village

SO2 0.010-0.024 0.15 0.125

NO2 0.029-0.041 0.12 0.04

PM10 0.017-0.021 0.15 n/a

CO 1.25 4


273. Acoustic Environment: Sensitive sites were measured for ambient noise levels along the proposed new road alignment (Luoyun-Juangdong). The Table below shows data for two days in May, 2012 (Table IV.33). Sensitive sites were also measured for ambient noise levels along the existing road section planned for upgrade (Juangdong-Daimu) where traffic is currently the main noise source (Table IV.34). The noise levels (both daytime and nighttime) at all points satisfy the requirement of Grade 2 of Environmental Quality Standard for Noise (GB3096-2008) and EHS noise targets.

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Table IV.33: Acoustic Baseline of Fuling Roads Subproject (Unit: dB(A))

Monitoring Time

Location of Monitoring Point Monitoring Results (Leq(A)：dB)

Daytime Night

May 28

PIPADONG 49.4 40.7

FULING NO. 8 MIDDLE SCHOOL 46.4 36.4

GAOJIAOLOU 42.6 38.5

COMMUNE 2, YUANXING VILLAGE 40.5 38.6

May 29

PIPADONG 47.1 38.6

FULING NO. 8 MIDDLE SCHOOL 45.8 37.3

GAOJIAOLOU 43.7 39.7

COMMUNE 2, YUANXING VILLAGE 41.8 37.1

PRC Standard 60 50

EHS 55 45


Table IV-34: Traffic Noise Monitoring Results

Monitoring Point Monitoring Result Leq [dB(A)]

Daytime Night

1#Yuelai 52.8 42.7

2# Luoyun Daoban 58.2 43.5 PRC Standard 70 60 EHS 70 70


275. Physical Cultural Resources. There are no cultural relics or historic sites located in the subproject area of Fuling roads.

10. Wanzhou (Water Supply Component)

276. Climate: Climatically Wanzhou District belongs to the subtropical monsoon moist zone, with distinct seasons. Winters here are warm and foggy; summers hot and drought-prone; springs begin early and winters last long. With ample sunshine and rainfall, the district enjoys warm temperature, long frostless seasons and very little frost and snow. The average annual temperature of the district has for many years remained at 17.7 °C, with the highest at 19.0°C and the lowest at 17.6°C. For many years, the highest temperature has remained at 41°C, while the lowest temperature has remained at minus 3.7°C. The average annual sunshine duration is 1484.4 hours, with the longest at 1713 hours and the shortest 924 hours. According to the recordings at the Da Tankou hydrometric station, the average annual precipitation is 1243 mm, with the highest level at 1549.6 mm (in the year 1982) and the lowest at 981.9 mm (in the year 1976). Average annual water surface evaporation is 620mm, with a total annual amount of evaporation of 1.085 billion M3.

277. Topography and geological conditions: The terrain at the location where the water treatment plant will be located is low in the middle and high on both sides. The topographic slope angles are generally 3-13°. Near the border, the terrain is steeper, and the maximum slope angle is 29°. According to field investigation, the lithology of the rock formation

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exposed in the project area includes: artificial fill layer of Quaternary Holocene, silty clay in the residual slope laminated layer, alluvial layer, laminated layer and landslide colluvial layer, and Jurassic system Shaximiao group mudstone, coarse rock, or sandstone lenses. In accordance with the provisions of Appendix A.0.1 of ―Seismic Design of Buildings‖ (GB50011-2010) and ―PRC‘s ground motion parameter zoning map‖ (GB18306-2001), the plant location‘s basic seismic intensity is degree VI, the intensity for seismic protection is degree VI, and the peak ground acceleration is 0.05 g.

278. Water resources: The Yangtze River will be the water source for the proposed water supply component. According to ―Management System of Water Permit‖ (Ministry of Water Resources Order No. 34) and ―Chongqing Municipality Water Permit Management System‖ (Chongqing Government Document No. 158), the water authority must obtain permit for taking water. As key supporting materials for the application of permit, the approval document for the application for water taking must be obtained at feasibility study stage. Wanzhou District has furnished the approval documents for the application of water intake from Yangtze River.

279. The Yangtze River flows through the whole territory of Wanzhou from Xituo to Bayang, for a distance of about 80 km, of which the urban section is about 12 km. The minimum dry season flow of the Yangtze River is 2,700 m3/s, and the maximum flow during flooding is 99,500 m3/s. The annual average flow is 14,300 m3/s, and the annual average runoff is 421.9 billion m3.

280. There are four secondary rivers of Yangtze River with drainage areas of more than 49 km2 in the district, namely the Long Bao River and Zhu Xi River on the north of Yangtze River and the Five-Bridge River and the Xin Tian River on the south, with the former three flowing through the urban built-up areas. The water volume of these secondary rivers increases and decreases in accordance to the amount of precipitation. The average annual precipitation of the district is at a level of 41.45m3 while average annual runoff at 1.9 billion m3.

281. Surface water quality: Monitoring was undertaken at the water intake reach of the Yangtze River, with three sampling point respectively on the right, left and middle of the stream. The monitoring parameters comprised 27 indexes including pH, COD, BOD5, TP, and NH3-N. The monitoring was undertaken for two days, with one sampling each day (July 6th, 2011-July 16th,2011). The results are shown in the table below.

Table IV.35: Water Quality – Yangtze River (Unit: mg/L)

Parameter Monitored Value Class II standard

pH 7.88～7.93 6-9

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 7.05～7.25 6

COD（mg/L） 2.12～2.87 4

BOD5（mg/L） 0.5L～0.52 3

Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) 0.051～0.09 0.5

Total phosphorus (mg/L) 0.105～0.157 0.1

total nitrogen (mg/L) 1.76～2.05 0.5

Copper (mg/L) 6.59×10-3～1.14×10-2 1.0

Zinc (mg/L) 1.15×10-3～5.62×10-3 1.0

fluoride（mg/L） 0.238～0.263 1.0

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selenium（ug/L） 2.00×10-4～3.35×10-4 0.01

arsenic（mg/L） 1.07×10-3～2.66×10-3 0.05

mercury（ug/L） 1.60×10-5～3.20×10-5 0.00005

cadmium（ug/L） 4.00×10-4L 0.005

hexavalent chromium (mg/L) 0.004L 0.05

lead（ug/L） 3.00×10-3L～5.44×10-3 0.01

cyanide（mg/L） 0.004L 0.05

volatile phenol（mg/L） 3.91×10-4～8.84×10-4 0.002

oil（mg/L） 0.04L 0.05

anion active agent（mg/L） 0.199～0.271 0.2

sulfide（mg/L） 0.005L 0.1

faecal coliforms (ten thousands/L) 2.8～5.4 0.2

Extra Parameters for Surface Water Sources of Centralized Drinking Water Standard Limits

sulphate（mg/L） 72.1～73.6 250

chloride（mg/L） 24.8～25.5 250

nitrate（mg/L） 1.39～1.48 10

iron （mg/L） 2.63×10-2～5.43×10-2 0.3

manganese（mg/L） 3.56×10-3～3.05×10-2 0.1


282. Total nitrogen and fecal coliform levels exceed the Class II standard of the Surface Water Environment Quality Standards (GB3838-2002). The rest all meet the standard. The high nitrogen and faecal coliform levels are due to the water's deteriorating self-purification capacity since the completion of the Three Gorge Reservoir, discharge of domestic sewage from upstream of the water source and agricultural non-point source pollution. Despite these exceedences, the overall condition for the water quality at the monitoring section is good. The upstream water area along the line of Yangtze River between Shunxi Village, Zhong Prefecture and Xintian Town, Wanzhou District has been demarcated as Class II standard for water quality to promote the protection of water source for the proposed project.

283. Air quality: According to the atmospheric function division of Wanzhou District, the site where the proposed project is to be built belongs to Class II standard of GB3095-1996. The Wanzhou District is now equipped with two automatic monitoring stations (Baianba and Zhoujiaba stations). This baseline is made based on the two station's data in 2010. The results are reported in Table IV.36 below.

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Table IV.36: Air Quality of Wanzhou Water Subproject (Unit: mg/m3)

Monitoring Point Parameter Average daily concentration

(GB3095-1996) – Grade II

EHS

Baianba station

SO2 0.001～0.169 0.15 0.125

NO2 0.002～0.066 0.12 0.04

PM10 0.016～0.215 0.15 n/a

Zhoujiaba station

SO2 0.003～0.138 0.15 0.125

NO2 0.005～0.089 0.12 0.04

PM10 0.019～0.332 0.15 n/a


284. Table IV.36 shows that although SO2 and NO2 are relatively high in the area, the main pollutant of the district is PM10. The reason for the excessive PM10 is mainly the result of the region's intensive urban construction and land development.

285. Acoustic Environment: Four monitoring points were sampled for ambient noise levels by the Chongqing Environmental Monitoring Center based on the layout of the proposed project and the sensitive receiver locations. The monitoring period was June 14th~15th, 2011.

Table IV.37: Acoustic Baseline of Wanzhou Water Subproject - Yuelai-Huangshui

Component (Unit: dB(A))

Monitoring date

Monitoring Point Monitoring Results (Leq : d B)

Daytime Nighttime

14 June

1# Proposed construction site 53.3 47.3 2# Chongqing Economic and Trade School 47.6 46.5 3# Christian Church 48.6 46.5 4# Bank near the water intake 41.1 37.5

15 June

1# Proposed construction site 50.8 47.2 2# Chongqing Economic and Trade School 48.2 46.9 3# Christian School 48.0 46.7 4# Bank near the water intake 41.4 37.8

PRC Standard 60 55 EHS 55 45


286. The table shows that sound levels during the day are between 41.4-53.3dB, while during night time between 37.8-47.3dB, meeting the standard Class-II standard of Acoustic Environment Quality Standard (GB3096-2008) and only marginally exceeding EHS targets.

287. Biological resources: The main vegetation forms of the area include subtropical evergreen forest, evergreen fallen-leave broad-leave mixed forest, broadleaved deciduous forest, temperate coniferous forest, warm coniferous forest, shrublands and cultivation. The forest resource includes 99 families, 255 genera and 529 species and 312 species of known animals, in which mammals make up 69 species, birds 124 species, reptiles 15 species and amphibians 12 species. Main forest species of the area include: masson pine, cedar grove, azalea, cypress, coriaria, and artemisia. Main crops of the area include: rice, wheat, corn, sweet potato, rape, and cotton. Economic tree plantations include citrus and mulberry.

288. Vegetation of the area where the proposed project is located mainly includes wild grass, scattered trees and shrubland. No protected or endangered species have been

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found in the area, nor has any habitats of wild animals.

289. The very high sediment content and large water level fluctuation of the main stream of Yangtze River is very disadvantageous for the growth of most advanced aquatic plants. Since the impoundment of the Three Gorge, water in the Wanzhou section of the river has become clearer, but the water level fluctuation became more pronounced, which explains the lack of any significant aquatic plants and the low levels of zoobenthoes. The only plants to be found are the hygrophyte on the banks, which can grow on land during regular times and underwater temporarily during flood seasons.

290. According to the data provided by Wanzhou District Fishery Bureau, there are multiple places of fish spawning ground and feeding ground distributed within the project-affected section of the Yangtze River. These are: Jin Penqi Spawning Ground and Ye Heba Spawning Ground. Additionally, there are feeding grounds of Rangdu and Xikou upstream of the water point, and Shengli and Yanghexi downstream of the extraction point. The project-affected section of the river also has Rangdu, Xikou, Shengli and Yanghexi fish wintering grounds.

291. Various fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River possess migratory habits. They generally spawn in lotic environments within the river section above Chongqing city, and then return to the Three Gorges reservoir. This migratory habit can also be found in such rare fish as Acipenser Dumeril and Myxocyprinus asiaticus and in important economic fish like Coreius guichenoti and Coreius heterodon. The Wanzhou river section is a channel for this fish migration.

292. Cultural and Landscape Resources: Wanzhou District possesses two municipal cultural relics: the Western Hill Stone Tablet and Martyr Cemetery of Kulishenko, as well as many district-level cultural relics such as Liubeichi Park, Luan Bridge, Taibai Carved Rock Clusters and Wanan Bridge. A survey of the subproject site has shown that the construction area does not include any cultural landscape or standing or buried cultural relics. The proposed construction area of this project stays relatively far away from the aforementioned landscape, so the landscape will not be affected by the construction work.

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V. ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Positive Impact and Environmental Benefits

293. The project will bring significant benefits to more than 190,000 urban residents by improving living conditions, the urban environment, public health and safety, as well as employment and incomes. The project will provide Chongqing Municipality with an opportunity to establish, build up, and strengthen its institutional capacity for project implementation and environmental management. The proposed institutional development and capacity-building program under the project will help to achieve this target. The socioeconomic development in Chongqing as well as areas nearby is expected to further accelerate under the PRC‘s Western Region Development Strategy. The project could also be a model for similar developments in other cities.

294. The road components (Chengkou, Shizhu and Fuling) will bring environmental and social benefits to targeted residents. The new and upgraded roads will improve the connectivity between townships and to links with national roads, thus significantly improving the ability of rural population to communicate with administrative and commercial centres as well as access to services in these townships. The realignment and restructuring of dangerous mountainous roads will improve safety and protect the environment.

295. Flood control: The flood control facilities supported by the project will construct and rehabilitate unstable embankments along project rivers, thus the cities‘ ability for flood control and protection will be significantly improved. Consequently, damages of flood to houses, facilities and goods, as well as farm lands and crops, will be prevented and/or mitigated; at the same time increasing land values. It was estimated that average economic benefits due to the project would be about CNY278.5million per year.

296. Water supply component: The Wanzhou Water supply component can gradually solve such problems as water source and water quality contamination of Wanzhou water-supply systems, ill distribution of water works and poor safety of water supply network, guaranteeing the water safety for the surrounding residents, reducing the incidence of disease and saving medical expenses; the project is capable of providing drinking water for 726,000 people within the range of water supply from which water supply pattern arrangement of Wanzhou District can benefit significantly, and a concentrated water supply approach was employed in the project so as to reduce the water producing cost as well as unit price of per capita water consumption.

297. Poverty and social benefits: A poverty and social assessment, including a household survey, community and focus group discussions and key informant interviews was conducted during project preparation. The project will directly benefit over 190,000 urban residents of whom approximately 8% are poor in addition to about 140,000 rural residents in rural areas of whom approximately 16% are poor, by improving living conditions, transportation conditions, and water supply. The project will create about 1,800 full-time jobs during the construction period and around 200 full-time jobs during the O&M period. Employment targets for vulnerable groups and women are included in the GAP, SAP and loan assurances. In addition, due to project construction, the development of other relevant commercial sectors will be promoted, which will annually induce a lot of indirect job creation. Air quality and traffic improvements through the provision road component, and water supply and flood control will improve public

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health and safety. Improving the road will benefit public access and mobility and reduce time burdens. A social action plan (SAP) and a gender action plan (GAP) have been prepared and will be implemented by CPMO, the LPMOs, IAs and IUs during project construction.

298. Gender benefits: The project has been designed to be classified as effective gender mainstreaming (EGM) and a gender action plan (GAP) has been prepared and agreed on. Analysis of the survey and focus group discussion data reveal that women will disproportionately benefit from reduced outmigration of labor by the project components and the temporary and permanent jobs that will be created as a result of the Project. Improvements to the transport network and attention to the needs of women in the planning of public transport, pedestrian, non-motorized transport access and road safety programs will also provide positive benefits by reducing time burdens, increasing access, mobility and safety. The GAP includes specific targets for women in employment, participation and capacity-building opportunities and is supported by a loan assurance, and consultant support for implementation and monitoring.

B. Scoping of Potential Impacts

299. The potential impacts were scoped during the EIA process in order to (i) identify the relative significance of potential impacts from the activities of the proposed components and subcomponents; (ii) establish the scope of the assessment which assists in focusing on major, critical, and specific impacts; and (iii) enable flexibility in regard to consideration of new issues, such as those that reflect the requirements by ADB‘s SPS.

300. The scoping process showed that during design and construction phases, the major negative environmental impacts are associated with potential soil erosion, geological hazards, cultural heritage, and water safety if no proper protection measures are taken; during the operation phase, the negative environmental impact is traffic safety caused by over speed, and water safety risk during accident such as chlorine gas leaking.

301. The results of the scoping are shown in Table V.1 below.

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Table V.1: Impact Scoping


Item Project Phase Potential for Impact

Road subprojects

Air Operation Traffic air pollution in operational period.

Sound environment


Noise impacts at noise sensitive locations such as residential buildings, schools, kindergartens and hospitals shall be given priority for assessment.


operation Waterways and banks affected by bridge construction. Runoff from roads and discharge from drains in operation.

Soil stability Construction Construction sites, stockpile areas, borrow pits and any spoil disposal sites.

Protected areas


Physical cultural resources along the road corridors in (Changling Military Watchtower in Shizhu County; listed ancient and significant trees in Fuling District) National forest park (protected area) along the road corridor (Dafengbao Municipal Nature Reserve within Huangshui Forest Park in Shizhu County; Damushan Municipal Nature Reserve in Fuling District)

Flood management (also includes roads along revetment – see Road subprojects above)

Air Construction Dust from earthworks.

Ecology Operation In-stream aquatic ecology and riparian ecology. Downstream sensitive aquatic or riparian areas.


operation

Hydrology: Impacts on flow behavior and flooding on downstream beneficial uses. Water Quality: Impacts on fish nurseries during construction and downstream beneficial uses during operation.

Soil stability Construction Construction sites, stockpile areas, spoil disposal sites.

Protected areas


Physical cultural resources (Longtan Ancient Town and its docklands in Youyang County).

Water supply

Surface water Design and Operation Upstream for water source protection; downstream for beneficial uses; and river basin for water balance.

Air Construction Dust affected areas.

Sound environment


Noise impacts at noise sensitive locations surrounding WTP.

Source: PPTA team

302. Impacts during design, construction and operation phases are considered separately below. Potential impacts from the project were considered under the following categories: (i) direct impacts – those directly due to the project itself; and (ii) induced impacts – those resulting from activities arising from the project, but not directly attributable to it.

C. Impacts Associated with Project Location, Planning and Design

1. Direct Losses

303. Land acquisition, resettlement: The seven subcomponents that have land acquisition and resettlement impacts will affect 29 villages in 12 townships. Based on the preliminary

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impact survey, a total of 2,660mu of land will be permanently acquired. This will affect communities, livelihoods (agricultural) and land cover categories. A breakdown of land occupation by the project is at Table V.2 below:

Table V.2: Estimation of land and asset loss in land occupied in project construction

Land will be acquired permanently 2,660mu

Lands will be occupied temporarily 563.45 mu

Total 3223.45 mu

Collective land 2,035 mu

Farmland 524 mu

Forest land 505 mu

Isolated land 159.45 mu

Total 3223.45 mu

State-owned land 625.25 mu

Rural houses and structures will be acquired and be demolished 23,240 (m2)

Affected Households and People

Categories No. of Household No. of persons

Farmland acquisition 1,370 5,239

Demolition of houses and structures 125 494

Temporary land occupation 261 1,035

Total affected households and persons. 1,380 5,279

Households of ethnic minority 658 (48% of total affected households)

Vulnerable households 113 (8% of total affected household) Source: Subproject EIAs

304. Flora and Fauna: The total area of temporary and permanent land occupation by the footprints and construction areas of all subprojects has been calculated by combining the figures in the individual subproject EISs. They are summarised in Table V.2 above.

305. No rare and endangered species have been identified in the flood management and water supply subprojects area of influence. Project construction areas including borrow and spoil areas are mostly grassland, river beach, waterside land for construction purpose. According to on-site investigation and initial statistics, flora to be affected is mostly shrubs, common seasonal crops, weeds. The impact on flora and fauna are mainly changes the land nature for utilization, reduced cultivated land, and reduced vegetation coverage.

306. Nature Reserve and Forest Park: The Chengkou Road and Shizhu Road will not pass through any nature reserve and forest park. The alignment of Fuling Road from K18 to the end of the road with a length of 4.8km will pass through the experimental zone of the Damushan Nature Reserve (NR) which is a Chongqing Municipal protected level NR. The Damushan NR management department has approved the project alignment in June 18, 2012.

307. In the project‘s area of influence within the NR, all significant trees have been established through plantings. Specimens of legally protected species including Cycad and sweet gum are 40m away from the road. These protected plants are not affected by the construction. The construction of this subproject therefore will have minimal impact on protected species. During construction, environmental education to construction personnel shall be strengthen and appropriate environmental protection measures shall be taken so as to minimize the influence on rare endangered plants and famous wood species, if found within the project‘s area of direct influence. In compliance with the PRC regulations on management of nature reserves (1994), spoil disposal or borrow will not be conducted within the experimental zone of the Damushan nature reserve. This requirement is defined as loan assurance in the

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project agreement.

308. Loss of Physical Cultural Resources: The PPTA consultant has prepared a Cultural Relics Assessment report for this project: The Cultural Relics Protection and Management Specialists carried out a detailed site reconnaissance and analysis, and conducted site visits to the cultural heritage sites within the project area. During the site visits, discussions were carried out with the local cultural relics bureaus, water conservancy office (Youyang), planning authorities, and local experts. In particular, plans covering the protection and management of relics and relic sites16 were accessed and examined.

309. At Rongchang and Wulong Flood Management subproject construction sites, there is no record of important heritage or archaeological sites on the land that will be temporarily or permanently lost. For the Youyang project, two cultural relics including Former Residence of Mr. Zhao Shiyan, a Chinese Communist martyr (National level cultural relic), and the Longtan Ancient Town (Qing Dynasty, Chongqing Municipal level cultural relic) require additional safeguards to ensure no impacts occur.

310. The significance of potential impacts to cultural heritage sites has been assessed by cultural relic experts and local cultural relic bureaus. This assessment is based upon the location of the construction site in relation to known cultural heritage elements, relevant cultural relic regulations and protection plans.

311. Former Residence of Zhao Shiyan Martyr: The nearest site of the project is 350m away from the relic site. The project construction will have no direct impact on the site.

312. Longtan Old Town: For the protection of the Longtan Ancient Town, the Chongqing Government has approved Youyang Longtan Ancient Town Protection Plan in 2003. Three protection areas were demarcated including Core Protection Area, Construction Control Area and Environmental Control Area17. The project site is not located at the core protection area and the construction control area. However, it is within the environmental control area (Figure V.1). Based on the requirement of the plan, construction is allowed within environmental control area but needs environmental design to ensure the newly build structures are consistent with the old town.

16

Planning for Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Towns in Longtan Town; the Plan for Protection of Dock Sites in Longtan Ancient Town; and the Plan for Protection of Changlingshi Military Watchtower in Yuelai Town as a Cultural Relics Protection Unit of Shizhu County.

17 Core Protection Area: Shiban Street (from Fuxing Bridge to Suozi Bridge) and 25m-40m areas of both sides of the street with total area of 7.34ha. Large scale building construction is prohibited within the area. Construction Control Area: 12.64ha area near Shiban Street, Longtan River and Chuanxiang Road. New buildings within the area should be consistent with the existing ones. Environmental Control Area: 112.87ha area near Longtan River. Natural ecology environment along the river should be protected within the area.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr

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Figure V.1: Location of Physical Cultural Heritage Sites at Longtan Source: Subproject EIA

313. Cultural Relics along Shizhu Roads: The Changling Watchtower is a county-level cultural relic located in the upper section of Xinchang in Xingguang Group, Xincheng Village, Yuelai Town. The tower was built in 1927. The nearest point of the proposed road alignment is 150m from the tower. Other items of physical cultural heritage also occur along, but not on, the alignment. The subproject does not physically encroach on any of these sites. Therefore the assessment of potential impacts to these sites during construction along with mitigation and management measures will be discussed in the construction impacts section below.

314. A Cultural Resources Impact Assessment has been conducted as part of the PPTA, and the full report is attached at Appendix 3. Its major findings and recommendations for the protection of cultural relics are presented in this Chapter and included in the EMP.

2. Indirect and Induced Impacts

Flood Management Subprojects

315. Induced flood risk downstream: In Rongchang, the natural inundation area reduced by the subproject is only 10 mu. The loss of this area to floodwaters passing down the river channel will have negligible effects on downstream flooding. Additionally, about 3.4km downstream from the project area is where Rongfeng River merges into the Laixi River. Rongchang County Hongyu Water Resources Development Co., Ltd. Intends to undertake a comprehensive flood mitigation and environmental improvement project downstream as well. Totally 192km in length with a drainage basin of 3257km2, Laixi River is a tributary on the left

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bank of Tuo River, it originates from Gaoping Town of Dazu, flows through Dazu area, passes Rongchang and Luzhou townships and enters into Tuo River at Hushi Town. After flowing for 3.4km, Rongfeng will merge into Laixi, and flood water diverted from this project area to downstream region will not affect Laixi River.

316. The Yangtze River (Changjiang) River Basin Commission is currently undertaking hydrological and hydraulic model analysis along the Wu River that will update the flood frequency analysis and design/planning flood levels and the downstream effects leading into the Yangtze. Immediately downstream of the proposed works, flood protection works already exist.

317. In Youyang, the natural inundation area reduced by the subproject is 621m. Although not all of this inundated area can be classified as flood retention, significantly more water will be passed downstream during medium flood events (P=5%) than before the project. Before project commencement, flood vulnerable areas immediately downstream of the subproject site should be identified and communities in or bordering these areas included in the Longtan‘s flood warning system and emergency response planning. Larger flood events will be less affected since the 1 in 50 and 100 year inundation areas in the Longtan area will still experience flooding.

Road Subprojects

318. Access impacts: The construction of a new road where none previously existed, or the upgrading of an existing road to a different class of usage has the potential to influence traffic volumes and consequent developments on adjacent roads. In the case of new roads and partially new roads the new connectivity provided is limited in scope (primarily providing links between townships) and will alleviate traffic on the existing, less direct roads.

319. Bridges and culverts: The road subproject alignments are through very difficult terrain and as a result comprise a total of 20 bridges and 165 culverts. The majority of these bridges and culverts are in deeply incised valleys and gorges, where impedance of natural flow is not a problem, since the road surface is high above the high flow water level. This will be confirmed in all cases, to ensure that crossings of drainage lines do not impede extreme flows.

Water Supply Subproject

320. Impacts on downstream hydrology: River basin analyses have been undertaken for the Wanzhou subprojects to identify the changes in flow downstream as a result of extraction. The relative magnitude of water extracted from the Yangtze system is shown at Table V.3. At the future proposed maximum extraction rate of 350,000 m3/day (4.1m3/s) the relative diminution of the Yangtze River will be 0.029% of flow. All return wastewaters will go back to the Yangtze, so at an estimated 80% return rate the resultant net extraction from the Yangtze by the subproject will be 0.0058% of the flow.

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Table V.3: River Basin Analysis of Water Extraction Subproject

Component Extraction Rate Yangtze River Annual Average Flow % from Yangtze River Wanzhou Water Supply 2.31 – 4.1 m3/s 14,300 m3/s 0.016 – 0.029% Source: Subproject EIA

321. Wastewater management and return waters: The return waters from the project water supply will return to the Yangtze River. Assuming a typical wastewater production to water supply consumption ratio of 80%, the water supply component will result in the production of 160,000 m3/d (short term) and 280,000 m3/d (long-term) of wastewater in the service area. To safeguard the water quality of the Yangtze River downstream of the return water drainage, wastewater collection and treatment measures appropriate to the location, scale of development and resources of the county authorities will be provided. The area supply by the water treatment plant is currently serviced by two wastewater treatment plants (Shenbinba WWTP and Mingjingtan WWTP, with a treatment capacity of 60,000m3/d and 150,000m3/d, respectively), providing sufficient treatment capacities in the area of influence of the Yuangli water supply in the short term. Two new WWTP plants will be constructed, including the Qingcaobei WWTP (150,000m3/d) and the Gaoliang WWTP (50,000m3/d), increasing the total treatment capacity to 410,000m3/d. This capacity will be sufficient for the area of influence of the Yuangli water supply in the long term, ensuring that no wastewater will be discharged untreated to the Yangtze River. The Wanzhou District Government is committed to ensure that the new WWTPs will be constructed and operational prior to the completion of the water supply system. This commitment is set as a specific assurance of the Project.

D. Environmental Management Measures during the Pre-Construction Phase

322. A number of environmental management measures have been and will be implemented in the pre-construction phase to ensure that appropriate plans and documentation to determine environmental performance of construction and operation of subprojects are in place. These include: (i) finalization of subproject sites and alignments; (ii) the finalization of subproject EIAs under PRC regulations and submission of EIAs to the local EPBs for approval processing; (iii) completion of public consultations in each subproject locality on environmental issues, poverty, resettlement and the Grievance Redress Mechanism during the project design and EIA preparation; and (iv) the preparation of RPs for the Project in each subproject locality to required ADB and PRC standards. Additional pre-construction measures for this project include:

(i) Updating EMP: Mitigation measures defined in this EMP will be updated and

incorporated into the detailed design to minimize adverse environmental impacts. This will be the responsibility of the LPMOs and IUs18, using the LDIs.

(ii) Land-take confirmation: The Resettlement Plans will be updated with final inventory and the results incorporated into the detailed design. This will be the responsibility of the IUs, using the LDIs.

18

A full explanation of institutional responsibilities is at Chapter IX.

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(iii) Contract documents: Preparation of the environment section in the Terms of Reference for bidders for construction contracts, and environmental contract clauses for contractors, namely the special conditions (referencing the EMP and monitoring plan). This will be the responsibility of the Local PMOs with the support of the Loan Implementation Environment Consultant (LIEC).

(iv) Environmental Protection Training: Environmental specialists (including LIEC) and/or officials from local EPBs will be invited to provide training on implementation and supervision of environmental mitigation measures to contractors. This will be the responsibility of the LPMOs and IUs.

(v) Spoil disposal sites and borrow pit locations will be finalized and identified in the construction tender documents, subject to approval by the local EPBs. This will be the responsibility of the LPMOs and IUs, using the LDIs.

(vi) Establishment of water source protection areas.

(vii) Establishment of flood warning and emergency response plans.

E. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase

1. Contractor Performance and Site Management – All Subprojects

323. To ensure that construction contractors are able to implement the mitigation measures, the Implementing Units (IUs) will put in place the following arrangements: (i) environmental specifications will be included in the bidding documents to contractors; (ii) an appropriate environment section describing standards and responsibilities will be included in the terms of reference for bidders; (iii) approved spoil disposal sites, material haulage routes, borrow pit locations and waste disposal arrangements will be defined in the construction tender documents as appropriate; and (iv) clauses referencing the EMP mitigation provisions and monitoring plans will be written into the construction contracts. Following the award of construction contracts, the successful head contractor will prepare a Site Environmental Management and Supervision Manual, including an emergency preparedness and response plan for construction emergencies and site environmental health and safety plan, for approval by the LPMOs and IUs.

324. During construction, the assigned environmental protection team of the IUs should be strengthened to enhance site supervision, management and appraisal, so as to identify problems and solve the problems in time. Environmental training, especially related to environmental management, is included in the EMP. The contractor will take reasonable measures to minimize the impact of construction on the environment.

325. Additionally, construction activities have the potential to disturb unknown underground cultural relics. Special attention should be paid and strict procedures should be established so that underground cultural sites can be identified and protected if they are discovered during construction. The mitigation measures will include immediate suspension of construction activities if any archaeological or other cultural relics are encountered. The municipal cultural relic protection authorities, as well as the LPMOs, will be promptly notified, and construction will resume only after thorough investigation and with the permission of the appropriate authority.

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2. Roads Subprojects

326. The following impacts and mitigation measures refer to construction impacts which are common to all road subprojects. All will require earthworks, soil stabilization, dust and noise control as well as management of the impacts from machinery operation, transport and haulage of building materials and the domestic needs of the work force. Occupational and community health and safety issues are discussed separately in Section H below.

327. Spoil disposal: Road subprojects will make maximum use of spoil from construction earthworks through balancing cut and fill, the construction of berms for noise and wind protection of plants and facilities and earthworks for landscaping. The total earthworks and surplus spoil from the subprojects are summarized in table V.4 below.

Table V.4: Cutting and Filling Earthworks

Component Fill (m3) Cut (m3) From Borrow

(m3) Surplus Spoil

(m3)

Chengkou Roads

i) Tunnel and bridges 479,039 395,101 83,938 -

ii) Road Embankment 758,332 347,350 410,982 -

Shi Zhi Roads

i) Yulai to Huangshui 145,163 151 296,591 -

ii) Huangshui to Yangdong 43,160 1,488 -

Fuling Roads 12,386 12,187 199

Source: Domestic component EIAs and SEPPs

328. The table shows that for the road subprojects, theoretically there will be no surplus spoil for disposal. However, these figures are net figures for the overall subprojects and there will be localities, especially in very difficult terrain, where cut spoil may be surplus due to the difficulties of loading and hauling to locations where fill is required (included in these cases is the Chengkou tunnel, dealt with below). These cases will be identified before construction commences and the surplus spoil should be transported to suitable spoil disposal sites approved by the local EPB. These spoil disposal sites must be designed and operated to minimize impacts and maximize land stability. Approved spoil disposal sites will be identified during detail project design, and defined in the construction tender documents. The spoil disposal site will be shaped and re-vegetated at the conclusion of disposal activity. The final height and shape of each disposal area will be determined by survey during the detailed design phase and will be based upon the resting stability of local spoil material and the surrounding topography.

329. During the period of active spoil disposal at a site, interception drainage channels will be established to protect the site from surface runoff. The spoil itself will be planted with grasses on completion. Spoil materials will be a mixture of soil and stone. In order to facilitate rehabilitation of these sites, topsoil will be stripped, stored safely, and used to cover the surface of the dump on completion of activities at that site. Local grass and shrub species will be planted.

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330. Almost 800,000m3 of fill will be required from borrow pits for the road subprojects. Borrow pits will be at sites designated by local authorities for the purpose. Where the borrow pit is operating for other purposes, its use for the road subproject must be strictly in line with its existing operating parameters and restrictions. Where a new borrow pit will be opened for the subproject, a detailed borrow pit management and rehabilitation plan will be developed during the detailed engineering design by the design institute, and submitted to the local EPB for approval. Stabilization measures will include: (i) preserving existing vegetation where no construction activity is planned or temporarily preserving vegetation where activity is planned for a later date; (ii) applying temporary soil stabilization, such as covering with plastic film, geotextile, or similar materials to subgrade slopes if permanent protection works cannot be carried out in time during the rainy season; (iii) if necessary, applying erosion control blankets and check dams to control erosion in concentrated flow paths; and (iv) applying permanent soil stabilization measures, such as vegetation and re-vegetation upon completing construction, or when closing borrow site and its temporary access roads. In compliance with the PRC regulations on management of nature reserves (1994), spoil disposal or borrow will not be conducted within the experimental zone of the Damushan nature reserve.

331. Erosion of disturbed surfaces: According to the domestic EIA reports and the SEPPs, the current average soil erosion intensity in the different project areas ranges from 1,200 to 4,160 t/km2a and will increase to 5,820 t/km2a and 47,800 t/km2a, respectively during the construction stages. The detailed variations of the individual subprojects are tabulated in Table V.5 below.

332. A Soil Erosion Protection Plan (SEPP) has been prepared for each individual subproject, according to PRC regulation. They include appropriate mitigation measures during construction of subgrade, ditch excavation, pavement, retaining walls, bridge and tunnel works, as well as borrow pits, spoil sites, and temporary land use. The SEPPs calculated current and predicted erosion intensities for various construction activities in the project areas and these are listed in Table V.5, along with the projected increase in soil erosion amount for each of the components as shown in Table V.6. The prescriptions for erosion control in the SEPPs have been incorporated into the EMP of this consolidated EIA and thereby will be included as contractual obligations for Implementing Units and their contractors.

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Table V.5: Current and Projected Soil Erosion Intensity in Subproject Areas

Road

Subproject Construction Area

Current Erosion Intensity

(t/km2.a)

Projected Erosion Intensity

during Construction (t/km2.a)

Chengkou

Road base construction 1,573 11,345

Bridges and tunnel construction 1,573 8,991

Spoil Pit 1,573 8,562

Shi Zhi (1)

Yulai to

Huangshui


Bridges and culvert construction 2,854 10,000

Spoil areas 3,163 15,000

Shi Zhi (2)

Huangshui to

Yangdong


Bridges construction 3,833 10,000

Spoil areas 2,526 15,000

Fuling

Major works areas 1,500 7,510

Spoil Pit 1,500 7,510

Construction access areas 1,500 7,510


Table V.6: Projected Increase in Soil Erosion Amount (t)

Component/Subcomponent Erosion Amount before Construction (t)

Erosion Amount

during

Construction (t)

Increased

Erosion

Amount (t)

Chengkou Roads 2,947 16,293 13,346

Shi Zhu Yulai to Huangshui 1,945 6,435 4,500

Shi Zhu Huangshui to Yangdong 1,519 4,476 2,982

Fuling Roads 584 4,812 4,228

Source: Domestic EIA

333. The areas most vulnerable to erosion include borrow pits, spoil sites, temporary construction sites, and other areas where surface soil will be disturbed. The most effective erosion control will be interception drainage to protect disturbed surfaces from surface flows. Construction plans will include erosion control prescriptions for construction work areas, including (i) constructing intercepting ditches and drains to prevent runoff entering construction sites, and diverting runoff from sites to existing drainage; (ii) limiting construction and material handling during periods of rains and high winds; and (iii) stabilizing all cut slopes, embankments, and other erosion-prone working areas while works are going on. All earthwork disturbance areas shall be stabilized within 30 days after earthworks have ceased at the sites.

334. Construction wastewater: Construction wastewater is produced from the maintenance and cleaning of mechanical equipment and vehicles, maintenance water for mixing and curing concrete, cooling water, and lost water and soil during the construction period which is discharged as pollutants. The effluent, comprised mainly of inorganic wastewater, commonly contains no poisonous and harmful substance, except suspended solid, but, if discharged in an improper manner, still has the potential to impact existing water bodies. Some oil-containing wastewater can arise from machinery repairs.

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335. Construction wastewater will not be discharged unto the surrounding soil or into surface water systems. Sedimentation tanks will be built, and after settling out of solids the upper clear liquid will be recycled for spraying the construction site (dust control), and the waste residue in the tank will be cleared and transported to designated landfills. Oil-containing wastewater will require the installation of oil-water separators before the sedimentation tank.

336. Gaseous air pollution: Construction machinery on all sites will consume petrol and diesel, releasing gaseous SO2, CO, and NOx. Equipment will be maintained to a high standard to ensure efficient running and fuel-burning. High-horsepower equipment will be provided with tail gas purifiers. Atmospheric monitoring will be carried out during the construction period. All vehicle emissions will be in compliance with relevant PRC emission standards.

337. Most subprojects will purchase pre-mixed asphalt for road surface paving. However, if any asphalt is heated and mixed on site, there is potential for flue gases emissions. Currently, modern asphalt mixing equipment used in PRC releases typical emission concentrations of asphalt flue gases of 22.7mg/m3. This figure complies with asphalt flue gas discharge requirements of 80-150mg/m3 of Atmospheric Pollutant Emission Standard (GB16297-1996). It also complies with the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) which limits the concentration of benzopyrene at 0.01μg/m3 100 meters downwind from the asphalt mixing station. The use of this equipment will be stipulated by the EMP. Additionally, asphalt mixing stations will be sited at least 500 meters away from residential areas and the boundary of the experimental zones of the nature reserves.

338. Dust: Road construction sites will potentially produce fugitive dust from material storage areas, dump sites, concrete mixing, excavation and general site usage – especially under windy conditions. Material stockpiles and concrete mixing equipment will be equipped with dust shrouds. The operators will regularly maintain the shrouds to ensure their effective operation. For both construction sites and construction roads, water spraying for the suppression of dust and maintenance of driving surfaces will be standard site management practice. Vehicles carrying soil, sand, or other fine materials to and from the construction sites will be covered.

339. Noise: Noise can be expected during construction due to construction machinery operation and transport activities. Construction activities will involve bulldozers, graders, excavators, concrete-mixing plants, rollers, and other heavy machinery. Noise intensity from these large machines operating is typically in the range of 80–98 decibels at the site (5m from operating machinery). The transport of material, aggregate, concrete and waste material to and from sites will also cause noise impacts along the haulage routes. Activities with intensive noise levels will not only have an impact on the residents, but may also cause injury to construction workers operating the equipment. The major construction machinery noise testing values are shown in Table V.7 below.

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Table V.7: Testing Values of Construction Machinery Noise

No. Machine Type

Distance between Measuring Site and

Construction Machinery (m)

Maximum Sound Level dB (A)

1 Loader 5 90

2 Paver 5 87

3 Bulldozer 5 86

4 Roller 5 86

5 Excavator 5 84 Source: Subproject EIAs

340. Construction equipment noise source is considered as a point sound source, and the predictive model is as follows:

0

0 log20r

rLLA

Where, AL and 0L are equipment noise sound levels at r and 0r respectively.

341. According to the model, noise levels at different distances are gained after calculating the impact scope of equipment noise during construction as in Table V.8.

Table V.8: Construction Equipment Noise Impact Distance

Level dB (A)

Construction Machinery

Distance Limit Standard dB (A) Impact Range (m)

10 20 40 60 80 100 150 Day Night Day night

Loader 84.0 78.0 72.0 68.4 66.0 64.0 60.5 75 55 29 281

Paver 81.0 75.0 69.0 65.4 63.0 61.0 57.5 70 55 35 199

Bulldozer 80.0 74.0 68.0 64.4 62.0 60.0 56.5 75 55 18 177

Roller 80.0 74.0 68.0 64.4 62.0 60.0 56.5 70 55 31 177

Excavator 78.0 72.0 66.0 62.4 60.0 58.0 54.5 75 55 14 140 Source: Subproject EIAs

342. The results show that, if construction machinery is used singly, the impact distance is 35m away from the source during the day and 281m at night. These impacts meet the PRC standard of Noise Limits for Construction Sites (GB12523-90) in distance. However, it will often be the case that a number of machines will be at use simultaneously during construction, and the noise impact scope will be consequently larger.

343. In Fuling, the predicted noise level of construction site within 50m of noise source exceeds the limits of Emission Standard for Ambient Noise of Construction Site (GB12523-2011) during daytime and so does that within 200m of noise source during night.

344. In the Shizhu subproject, the noise levels 100 m away from the noise source are 44~60dB(A); and those 200 m away from the noise source are 38~54dB(A). With multiple machinery use construction noise will impact on the surrounding sensitive points and will not meet the standards of Category 2 in Environmental Quality Standards for Noise (GB3096-

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2008) in both daytime and nighttime.

345. In the Chengkou subproject, the environmental impact range of one machine is 35m in the daytime and 200m in the night. The distance beyond the above mentioned meters can meet the requirement of Noise limitation for Construction Field (GB 12523-90).

346. Activities with intensive noise levels will not only have an impact on the residents and protected species in the Damushan nature reserve, but also may cause injury to construction workers operating the equipment. Although the noise impacts will be transient and temporary the following mitigation measures are essential for construction activities to meet PRC construction site noise limits and to protect sensitive receptors: Construction at night within the experimental zone of the Damushan nature reserve, and within 280m of sensitive receivers shall be strictly prohibited. During daytime construction, the contractor will ensure that: (i) noise levels from equipment and machinery conform to the PRC standard of GB 12523-90, and properly maintain machinery to minimize noise; (ii) equipment with high noise and high vibration are not used in village or township areas and only low noise machinery or the equipment with sound insulation is employed; (iii) sites for concrete-mixing plants and similar activities will be located at least 1 km away from sensitive areas such as residences, schools, and the boundary of the experimental zone of the Damushan and the Dagengbao nature reserves; and (iii) temporary anti-noise barriers will be installed to shield schools, residences and medical centers.

347. Vibration: Significant vibrations are expected during road and bridge construction, including vibrations from bridge pilling, pipeline trench compaction and roadbed compaction and rolling. Vibration can be sudden, and discontinuous. Road construction machineries include vibrating road rollers, land scrapers, loader and spreading machines, among which the vibrating road roller‘s impact is very high. People and buildings at all sensitive points near the proposed roads and the bridges will be affected by the construction machinery vibration. The Japanese Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment provides measures of vibrations caused by construction machinery. These are shown in Table V.9.

Table V.9: Vibration Levels of Construction Machinery (Unit: dB)

Equipment name At 5m At 10m At 20m At 30m

Vibratory hammer 75 67 48 44

Road roller 58 53 50 48

Diesel truck 62 58 54 51


348. The table shows that the requirements for residential and cultural areas as specified in Environmental Vibration Standard for Urban Areas (GB10070-88) is met at a distance of >10m from the vibration source (see Table II.10, Chapter II). Mitigation measures include prohibition of pilling and compaction operations at night, which will effectively reduce the vibration impact. No sensitive receptor site is closer than 20m from a construction area, although a number of residential areas are between 20 and 100m of construction areas.

349. Although no exceedences are predicted, the awareness of vibration among relevant personnel, and the need to shorten the operating time of construction machinery, and manage the operating locations and times of machinery use in residential areas or near cultural relics

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will be increased through training. Monitoring of vibration-sensitive sites and remediation work as required will continue throughout the construction period.

350. For cultural relic sites, no construction area is closer than 15m from an identified cultural relics. It is a requirement of environmental management of the road construction in this locality that monitoring equipment will be installed at the relic sites to monitor vibration during construction (see EMP).

351. Blasting: Safe distance of explosion blast can be computed by Sodev's regression formula:

R=

1

V

K

Q 3

1

max

Whereas: R - Safe distance of explosive blast (m); Qmax - Maximum charge of one explosion (kg);

V - Safe speed of blast shock (cm/s);

K, α - Relevant Coefficient and attenuation index of Landform

and Geology, K refers to 150～250, α refers to 1.5 ~ 1.8.

352. The controlling value of explosive Load of Demolition blast can be computed based on the above formula, details See Table V.10.

Table V.10: The controlling value of explosive load of Demolition blast (kg)

Safe distance of different explosive Load (m)

Vibration velocity 3cm/s Vibration velocity 3 cm/s 5cm/s

K=150, α=1.5

K=250, α=1.8

K=150, α=1.5

K=250, α=1.8

15.0 1.30 2.00 3.62 4.72

20.0 3.08 4.74 8.59 11.19

25.0 6.01 9.27 16.78 21.85

30.0 10.39 16.01 29.00 37.76

35.0 16.49 25.42 46.05 59.97

40.0 24.62 37.95 68.73 89.51


353. At the time of blasting operations, the construction unit must consider the safe distance from the shot point to people, inhabited buildings and other sensitive receivers in need of protection and exercise strict control over explosive load and type to avoid accidental impacts. Blasting will be prohibited in road sections near physical cultural relics.

354. Traffic management: The project construction traffic might cause temporary traffic congestion and inconvenience and safety issues to road users and residents. Construction will be undertaken section by section, and in each section using a half phase construction method to allow local traffic during construction. This will improve efficiency and reduce the potential

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safety hazard during construction. Additionally, construction preparations should be fully finalized before the commencement of construction. Traffic on the roads near the construction area will be regulated by the local Traffic Management Bureau (TMB) to avoid traffic congestions. Interim roads will be sited and managed to avoid traffic problems whenever possible, and will be reinstated to their original condition on completion of construction. Transport and haulage routes will be selected to reduce disturbance to regular traffic, and construction traffic will be diverted during peak periods.

355. The contractors will co-ordinate with relevant departments (road, power supply, communication, etc) to deal with issues of removal and relocation of the facilities. An "advance notice" of construction will be published before the construction through radio and TV. Construction billboards, which include construction contents, schedule, responsible person and complaint phone number, will be erected at each construction site and at village and township market areas along the alignments.

356. Construction camps solid waste: The construction workforce will generate garbage (food wastes, kitchen wastes, paper, and other solid waste including food-laden wash water). Proper disposal of this waste will be essential. It will be the responsibility of the construction contractors to provide sufficient garbage bins at strategic locations and ensure that they are (i) protected from birds and vermin, (ii) emptied regularly (using the nearest township solid waste system and landfill), and (iii) do not overflow.

357. Hazardous and polluting materials: Construction material handling and disposal guidelines and directions that include spill responses will be prepared and implemented as part of the Site Environmental Management and Supervision Manual of each construction site. The following measures will be taken to prevent pollution of soil and surface water/groundwater: (i) storage facilities for fuels, oil, asphalt material, and chemicals will be within secured areas on impermeable surfaces, provided with bunds and cleanup installations; (ii) vehicles and equipment will be properly staged in designated areas to prevent contamination of soil and surface water; (iii) vehicle, machinery, and equipment maintenance and re-fueling will be carried out in such a way that spilled materials do not seep into the soil; (iv) oil traps will be provided for service areas and parking areas; (v) fuel storage and refilling areas will be located at least 300 m from drainage structures and important water bodies.

358. The contractors‘ fuel suppliers will be properly licensed, follow proper protocol for transferring fuel, and be in compliance with Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods (JT 3145-88).

359. Tunnel construction: There is planned a 1.5km tunnel in the Chengkou road subproject. The overall tunnel height is 6.72m and the overall width at the normal section is 8.20m. In the case where vehicle passing bay is provided, the overall width increases to 11.50m. The proposed tunnel construction is based on the New Austrian Tunnel Method. The main idea of the method (established in the 1950‘s) is to use the geological stress of the surrounding rock mass to stabilize the tunnel itself. This process produces less drilling and boring wastewater to deal with, however spoil disposal will be required for approximately 395,000 m3.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(physics)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

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Figure V.2: Proposed Typical Road Tunnel Entrance Cross Section for Chengkou Road Source:

Subproject FSR

360. Large amounts of spoil will be used in the embankments at the tunnel portals and approach road. However terrain constraints will constrain the haulage of excess spoil to new locations for fill. Designated spoil disposal areas near tunnel portals will be designated prior to construction and provided with final designs for landscaping at the completion of works.

361. The tunneling will produce a distinctive wastewater. The main pollutant of tunneling wastewater is suspended solids, with a concentration ranging from 800 to 10,000 milligrams (mg) per liter. Wastewater from tunneling will be collected in sediment tanks, retention ponds, and filter tanks to remove silts and oil, and then be reused for the tunneling operations.

362. Due to the terrain, groundwater in the locality is in the form of rock fissures aquifers, where the water content is usually at a low level. During construction, water penetration and leaking is common, and the amount of water is small, so groundwater is usually only slightly affected. However, there may exist water-rich sections where water bursting and water yield may lead to the sudden lowering-down of the groundwater table over the tunnel or in the surrounding area. A detailed geological investigation shall be conducted before the start of the construction so as to make clear the hydraulic connection between the tunnels and the protection targets. A detailed plan must be made in advance for the prevention and control of water leakage and grouting method will be used to deal with water seepage.

363. Bridges and culverts: Chengkou: There are two bridges proposed along the road alignment and they are classified as medium size bridges with a 20 m pre-stressed box guider structure. The bridge piers are supported on columns. There are 38 locations with circular culvert and 30 box culverts proposed along the proposed alignment.

364. Shizhu: There are seven flat slab simple supported bridges with a total length of 145m proposed in the section from Yuelaito Huangshui. In the section between Huangshui and Yangdong, two 40m simple supported flat slab bridges are included in the project. There are 39 numbers of culverts proposed in the section from Yuelai to Huangshui with a total length of 351m. In the section between Huangshui and Yangdong, 49 culverts with a total length of 396m are proposed in the Shizhu road infrastructure project.

365. Fuling: A total of 11 bridges with a length of 1851m and takes up approximately 6.1% of the project length. There are 6 long bridges with a total length of 1231m; 5 medium size bridges which makes up a total length of 620m. The total number of culverts is 39.

110

366. The construction of bridges and culverts may disrupt river hydrology through obstruction of peak flow and cause backup of water upstream. For the larger crossings, piles will be drilled during construction of the bridge foundation, which will disturb the river sediment and increase suspended solid (SS) concentration in the river water body.

367. Mitigation of these impacts will be achieved through the following measures: (i) both the river embankment and the bridge pier constructions will be conducted during the dry season (from October to next May), and construction during the rainy season shall be prohibited; (ii) banks will be protected by matting and sediment traps, and on the completion of construction by stabilizing vegetation to prevent soil and water loss; (iii) pier construction in the water bodies will be planned and laid out to ensure adequate opening for water flow.

368. Contamination of the water body may result from the inappropriate transfer, storage, and disposal of petroleum products, chemicals, hazardous materials, liquids and solid waste. The provisions for handling and disposal of hazardous and polluting substances (above) should be expanded to include special provisions to protect water quality during the construction of bridges and culverts.


369. Spoil disposal: Flood management subprojects where the construction of flood dykes and embankments are major features will make maximum use of spoil from construction earthworks. The total earthworks and surplus spoil from the subprojects are summarized in Table V.11 below.



(m3) Surplus Spoil

(m3)

Rongchang Flood Risk Management 2,083 69,300 67,217

Youyang Flood Risk Management 628,500 695,400 66,900

Wulong Flood Risk Management 406,000 313,000 93,000


370. A Soil Erosion Protection Plan (SEPP) has been prepared for each individual project, according to PRC regulation. They include appropriate mitigation measures during construction of earthworks and operation of borrow pits, spoil sites, and temporary land use. The SEPPs for the flood management subprojects calculated current and predicted erosion intensities for various construction activities in the project areas and these are listed in Table V.12, along with the projected increase in soil erosion amount for each of the components are shown in Table V.13.

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Zone Construction Area Current Erosion Intensity

(t/km2.a)



Rongchang

Dike construction 2,785 14,400

Construction access 2,785 10,200

Spoil Pit 2,785 18,000

Youyang

Construction site 1,200 2,400

Dike Construction 1,200 3,600

Spoil area 1,200 3,000

Wulong

Dike construction 1,500 18,330

Construction site 1,500 5,840

Spoil pit 1,500 47,800

Stockpile 1,500 14,150

Source: Domestic component SEPPs

Table V.13: Projected Increase Soil Erosion Amount (t)

Subproject Erosion Amount before

Construction (t) Erosion Amount during

Construction (t) Increased Erosion

Amount (t)

Rongchang Flood Risk Management 1,753 6,112 4,359

Youyang Flood Risk Management 1,200 2,200 1,000

Wulong Flood Risk Management 84 5,247 5,163

Source: Domestic component SEPPs

371. Mitigation and management measures for the control of erosion and sedimentation, drawn from the flood management subproject SEPPs, are included in the EMP (Chapter IX).

372. Dredge sediment: The Rongchang flood management works will involve dredging of the river to reduce the roughness and increase the section area for flood flow. The dredge spoil volume is estimated at 1,000 m3. The Rongchang subproject EIA has reported on the likely sediment quality of the dredge spoil and assessed it against the Standards of Pollution Content of Agricultural Sludge (GB4284-84) and Class 2 standards in Soil Environment Standards (GB15618-1995). The sediment testing results reported on are from the nearby Liangtan River, which has similar hydrological and riparian land use characteristics to the Rongfeng. Both rivers receive only domestic and agricultural wastewater 19 . This should be confirmed in practice, with testing of actual dredge sediment from the Rongfeng reach to ensure safe disposal or reuse.

373. Surface water pollution: In Wulong and Youyang flood components, there is no disturbance to sedimentations because the constructions will be off the water and there will not be any dredging works. In Rongchang, piles will be drilled during construction of the bridge foundation, which will disturb the river sediment and further increase suspended solid (SS) concentration in the river water body. Contractors will be requested to pump slurry to shore for

19


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drying and properly dispose in spoil dumping sites. The wastewater of slurry will be disposed in a settling pond for 48 hours to remove the SS before discharging. This will reduce the disturbance of sediments and the residual impact on water quality to acceptable levels. The limited dredging in the Rongfeng River will produce elevated levels of suspended solids in the immediate vicinity. The PRC EIA estimates that levels could locally reach 100mg/L. However, these SS levels will be temporary and will rapidly settle in downstream areas – in particular in the semi-impounded reach just downstream of the railway bridge (60m away) where the river flow is impeded. There are no water extraction points on the Rongfeng River downstream of the works area.

374. Obstruction in surface water hydrology: The construction of the river embankment and river bridges may disrupt the river hydrology through obstruction of flood flow and cause backwater effect in the upstream or even flood. For Wulong, most of the project construction area is higher than the flood level in 3 years in Wu river, according to the project feasibility study, cofferdam diversion has been set in lower than 3 years flood area: K0+562-K0+950 DiDuan and K1+050-K1+120 DiDuan, total cofferdams diversion length is 470 m, the earth-rock debris for filling, geo-membrane seepage control, 60 cm thick sacks laying protection on the water face, the elevation of the cofferdam is about 176.60 m, above 3 years flood level 176.10 m.

375. In order to minimize this impact, mitigation measures include:

(i) Both the river embankment and the bridge pier constructions shall be conducted during the dry season (from December to next March); and construction during the rainy season shall be prohibited;

(ii) Foundation treatment and pier grouting come first in pier construction; and

(iii) Provide adequate opening for flood flow before the rainy season.

376. Gaseous air pollution: Construction machinery emissions of SO2, CO, and NOx will be managed by maintaining equipment to a high standard to ensure efficient running and fuel-burning. High-horsepower equipment will be provided with tail gas purifiers. Atmospheric monitoring will be carried out during the construction period. All vehicle emissions will be in compliance with relevant PRC emission standards.

377. Dust: Earthworks sites at flood management subprojects will potentially produce fugitive dust from material storage areas, dump sites, concrete mixing, excavation and general site usage. The contractors will use and regularly maintain dust shrouds. For both construction sites and construction roads, water spraying for the suppression of dust and maintenance of driving surfaces will be standard site management practice. Vehicles carrying soil, sand, or spoil will be covered.

378. Construction camps solid waste: The construction workforce will generate garbage (food wastes, kitchen wastes, paper, and other solid waste including food-laden wash water). Proper disposal of this waste will be essential and will be the responsibility of the construction contractors.

379. Hazardous and polluting materials: Construction material handling and disposal guidelines and directions that includes spill responses will be prepared and implemented as part of the Site Environmental Management and Supervision Manual of each construction site.

380. Noise: In the Youyang subproject, construction noise, especially the noise of pile driving

113

will impact on village houses along the Longtan river. When several machine are working, the noise will overlay and the overlying value is 3 - 8dB. According to analogy monitoring, the noise level of several machine reaches Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523—90). The required distance is about 60m and that of night is 200m or even farther.

381. In the Wulong subproject, construction will cause noise exceeding the standard during the day within 100m, and at night within 317m from the main construction site. In the most unfavorable equipment cases, construction noise has great influence to the surrounding main sensitive points, the noise in day and night can‘t meet the relative functional standard in GB3096-2008.

382. In the Rongchang subproject, construction equipment will generate a substantial level of noise, of which daytime noise level within 100m range and night time level within 200m range are in excess of standards as stipulated in Limits on Noise Level at Construction Sites (GB12523-90).

383. Mitigation measures to ensure construction activities meet PRC construction site noise limits and to protect sensitive receptors will include (i) the use of noise reduction devices or methods where piling equipment is operating within 500 m of sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals and residential areas; (ii) restriction of the operation of machinery generating high levels of noise, such as piling, and movement of heavy vehicles between 20:00 and 06:00 the next day in accordance with PRC regulations; (iii) placement of temporary hoardings or noise barriers around noise sources during construction.

384. Noise at sensitive areas will be monitored at regular intervals (refer to the monitoring plan). If noise standards are exceeded, equipment and construction conditions shall be checked, and mitigation measures shall be implemented to rectify the situation. This will be combined with continuing public consultation and responses/corrective actions in the Grievance Redress procedures.


385. Earthwork: The water supply component will make maximum use of spoil from construction earthworks. The total earthworks and surplus spoil calculated for the water supply subproject are summarized in Table V.14 below.



(m3) Surplus Spoil

(m3)

Wanzhou

i) Water Treatment Plant 245,000 185,000

ii) Extraction Pipeline Tunnels

410,000

350,000

iii) Water Intake 18,000 18,000

Source: Domestic component EIA

386. A Soil Erosion Protection Plan (SEPP) has been prepared for the Wanzhou water supply subproject, according to PRC regulation. It includes appropriate mitigation measures

114

during plant construction, pipeline works, spoil disposal and temporary land uses. The SEPP calculated current and predicted erosion intensities for various construction activities in the project areas and these are listed in Table V.15, along with the projected increase in soil erosion amount are shown in Table V.16.


County Construction Area Current Erosion Intensity

(t/km2.a)



Wanzhou

Water Treatment Plant 3,224 9,672

Water Intake 4,167 12,500

Spoil storage 3,925 13,737

Source: Domestic component SEPP

Table V.16: Projected Increase Soil Erosion Amount (t)

Subproject Erosion Amount before

Construction (t)

Erosion Amount during

Construction (t)

Increased Erosion

Amount (t)

Wanzhou Water Works 1,094 7,685 6,591

Source: Domestic component SEPP

387. Mitigation and management measures for the control of erosion and sedimentation, drawn from the water supply subproject SEPP, are included in the EMP (Chapter IX).

388. Groundwater: Water transportation engineering of this project composes of water-transported section via pipeline and water-transported section via tunnel. The raw water pipeline constructed using the jacking method will generate slurry with high SS concentration. Once infiltrated into the ground, the slurry can impact on ground water resources. However, to the depth of groundwater in the location, only a very small amount will infiltrate into the groundwater after the zone of aeration has absorbed and filtered the slurry, so the groundwater would not be polluted.

389. Gaseous air pollution and dust: The use of machinery, construction earthworks and construction activities over the WTP construction site will occasion potential temporary impacts on the local air-shed through exhaust emissions and dust. Prescriptions for machinery maintenance and site management for dust control similar to that required for other construction subprojects will be prescribed in the EMP.

390. Construction camps solid waste: The construction workforce will generate garbage (food wastes, kitchen wastes, paper, and other solid waste including food-laden wash water). Proper disposal of this waste will be essential and will be the responsibility of the construction contractors.

391. Hazardous and polluting materials: Construction material handling and disposal guidelines and directions that includes spill responses will be prepared and implemented as part of the Site Environmental Management and Supervision Manual of each construction site.

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F. Environmental Impact and mitigation measures during Operations

1. Roads Subprojects

392. Adverse environmental impacts of the road subprojects during operation primarily include vehicle emissions, traffic noise, water pollution from storm-water runoff on pavement, and hazardous spills resulting from road accidents, as well as risk of flood/landslide.

393. Air quality: For road components, there will be increased traffic and more pollutants from vehicles. Pollutants from vehicle emissions include carbon monoxide, NOx, Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), and total hydrocarbon, of which NOx is the most prevalent. Baseline monitoring indicates that the average concentrations of NOx in the project areas meet Grade II of the national standard of GB3096-1996. According to the domestic EIAs, if vehicle emission control is reinforced during the operation of the component, NOx concentrations will also meet the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) after project implementation. The applicable standard concentration limits are shown in Table V.17 below.

Table V.17: Ambient Air Quality Grade II Standard

Pollutant Time PRC Standard (mg/m3) EHS20 (mg/m3)

PM10 Annual average 0.10 0.07-0.03 (0.02 guideline)


NO2

Annual average 0.08 0.04 guideline

Daily average 0.12

Unit hour average 0.24 0.20 guideline

CO Daily average 4.0 n/a

Unit hour average 10.0 n/a


394. Concentration of the emissions from vehicles was calculated with the recommended model in Specifications for Environmental Impact Assessment of Highways (JTJ005-96). The following tables summarize the prediction results of vehicle pollutants on both sides of the road in the lowest dispersion weather conditions in each road subproject.

20

World Bank Group 2007, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines General EHS Guidelines, World Bank, Washington.

116

Fuling:

Table V.18: Predicted NO2 Concentration Values for Different Distances from Curb – Fuling Road

Period Distance from curb

(m)

Concentration of NO2 (mg/m3)

2015 2021 2029

Daily average traffic volume

10 0.034 0.0263 0.0493

30 0.0274 0.0213 0.0398

50 0.0229 0.0177 0.0332

100 0.016 0.0124 0.0233

Peak traffic volume

10 0.0515 0.0395 0.0735

30 0.0416 0.0319 0.0593

50 0.0347 0.0266 0.0494

100 0.0243 0.0186 0.0346


395. The results indicate that the NO2 ground-level concentration values for distances over 10m away from curb can comply with the Class II standard limits in Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-2012) and EHS guidelines during future operation.

396. Table V.19 below relates these values for both NO2 and CO to sensitive receiver sites along the road for the Fuling subproject.

Table V.19: Prediction Results of Sensitive Spot along the Fuling Road

Sensitive spot NO2 CO

Background value

Predicted value Background value

Predicted value

2015 2021 2029 2015 2021 2029

1#Pibadong 0.018 0.0454 0.0393 0.0578 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27

2#Chuandong 0.018 0.0454 0.0393 0.0578 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27

3#Zhongjiayuanzi 0.018 0.0454 0.0393 0.0578 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27

4#Daoban 0.018 0.0454 0.0393 0.0578 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27

5#Dawan 0.018 0.0454 0.0393 0.0578 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27

6#Dongquancun 0.018 0.0454 0.0393 0.0578 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27

7#Fuling No. 8 Middle School

0.018 0.034 0.0304 0.0413 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

8#Jiaoshi town 0.018 0.0409 0.0357 0.0512 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27

9#Guochangwan 0.018 0.0409 0.0357 0.0512 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27

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10#Gaojiaolou 0.018 0.0409 0.0357 0.0512 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27

11#Dengjiawuji 0.018 0.0454 0.0393 0.0578 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27

12#Yuelai 0.018 0.0454 0.0393 0.0578 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27

13#Juandongchang 0.018 0.034 0.0304 0.0413 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

14#Commune 2, Yuanxing Village

0.017 0.0399 0.0347 0.0502 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

15# Villagers from Panmagou

0.017 0.0399 0.0347 0.0502 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

16#Center School of Damu Township

0.017 0.033 0.0294 0.0403 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25


397. The results show that air quality along the Fuling road subproject will meet Class II standard limits in Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-2012) at all sensitive receiver sites.

Chengkou:

398. The following table summarizes the prediction results of vehicle pollutants on both sides of the road in the lowest dispersion weather conditions for the Chengkou road subproject.

Table V.20: Predictions of hourly density of each pollutant for Chengkou Roads in the Operational Period (mg/m3)

Predicted year

Pollutant Distance to road central line

10m 20m 40m 60m 80m 100m 150m 200m

2015 CO 0.0362 0.0353 0.0349 0.0347 0.0346 0.0346 0.0345 0.0345

NO2 0.0097 0.0094 0.0093 0.0093 0.0093 0.0093 0.0092 0.0092

2020 CO 0.0488 0.0476 0.0471 0.0469 0.0468 0.0467 0.0466 0.0466

NO2 0.0131 0.0127 0.0126 0.0125 0.0125 0.0125 0.0125 0.0125

2030 CO 0.0723 0.0706 0.0697 0.0694 0.0693 0.0692 0.0691 0.0690

NO2 0.0193 0.0189 0.0186 0.0186 0.0185 0.0185 0.0185 0.0185


399. It can be seen from the predicted results, that the density of CO and NO2 on both sides of the road can meet the requirement of PRC‘s ambient air quality standard (Class II standard) and EHS guidelines in the operation period. Although no prediction for operational air quality at sensitive receivers was undertaken, it can be seen from the results above that if the distance from Project environment sensitive spot within the assessment range to the road side line is beyond 5m, then there will be little impact from the exhaust gas of motor vehicles.

Shizhu:

400. The following tables summarize the prediction results of NO2 and CO on both sides of the road in the lowest dispersion weather conditions for each component of the Shizhu road subproject.

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Table V.21: Predicted Distribution of Daily Average NO2 Concentration during the Operation Period for Shizhu Roads Unit: mg/m3

Component

Period

Crossing angle between wind direction and

highway

30 m 40 m 60 m 80 m 100 m 140 m 180 m 200 m

Huangshui-Yangdong

2015 Parallel diffusion 0.015 0.0126 0.0091 0.0068 0.0051 0.0029 0.0015 0.0222

Vertical diffusion 0.00015 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 0.00005 0.00035





Yuelai-Huangshui








Table V.22 Predicted Distribution of Daily Average CO Density for Shizhu Roads during the Operation Period Unit: mg/m3

Component Period

Crossing angle between wind direction and

highway

30 m 40 m 60 m 80 m 100 m 140 m 180 m 200 m

Huangshui-Yangdong Y2015

Parallel diffusion 0.0273 0.0234 0.0178 0.014 0.0113 0.0077 0.0055 0.0389


Y2121



Y2029



Yuelai-Huangshui Y2015



Y2121



Y2029




119

401. The table indicates that the maximum densities of NO2 in Huangshui-Yangdong and Yuelai-Huangshui Road components during the operation period are respectively 0.0238mg/m3 and 0.0288mg/m3, maximum densities of CO are respectively 0.0459 mg/m3 and 0.0509mg/m3. The air at the surrounding atmosphere 30m from the central line of the roads all can meet Class II standard density limit value requirement specified in the Environmental Air Quality Standard.

402. Traffic noise: The Traffic Noise Model developed by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration is widely employed in the PRC to predict noise during operation. The noise at any point of the ground refers to the superposition of noise energy of the line source transmitted to the point and to the background noise energy.

403. Extensive operational noise analyses were undertaken in the preparation of the PRC EISs, tabulating noise levels at distances from the curb for all road components for daytime, nighttime and peak hour and using the following assumptions for the makeup of vehicular traffic, and that the ratio of traffic volume at day and night is 3:1.

Table V.23: Comparison of different vehicle types

Vehicle type Year

Small vehicle Medium vehicle Large vehicle

2015 30.7% 49.3% 20%

2020 34.8% 45.2% 20%

2030 40% 40% 20%


404. In this consolidated EIA, only the predicted noise levels on identified sensitive receiver sites for Fuling and Shizhu road subprojects will be tabulated – since these go directly to impact levels and potentially affected communities. The applicable standards are shown in Table V.24 below.

Table V.24: Acoustic Ambient Quality Standards (Equivalent Sound Level: LAeq: dB)

PRC Standard Class

Applicable Area Day Night EHS21

0 Areas needing extreme quiet, such as convalescence areas 50 40

55 45 1 Area mainly for residence, cultural and educational institutions 55 45

2 Residential, commercial and industrial mixed area 60 50

3 Industrial area 65 55 70 70

4 Area on both sides of urban road traffic trunk line 70 55


21

World Bank Group 2007, ibid.

120

Shizhu:

Table V.25: Results of Forecast of Traffic Noise at the Environmental Sensitive Points along Shizhu Roads in the Operation Period Unit: dB(A)

Name of Sensitive

Receiver Site

The Nearest Distance Apart from the Road

Edge (m)

Forecast Time

Intervals

Contribution Value of Forecast

Background Value of Noise

Forecasted Value After Composition

Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime

Qilong neighborhood

committee 5

2015 40.9 42.8

43.7 39.2

45.5 44.4

2021 44.0 42.9 46.9 44.4

2029 46.8 43.1 48.5 44.6

Huanglian neighborhood

committee 5

2015 40.9 42.8

43.5 38.4

45.4 44.1

2021 44.0 42.9 46.8 44.2

2029 46.8 43.1 48.5 44.4

Yangdong Village 5

2015 40.9 42.8

44.2 38.7

45.9 44.2

2021 44.0 42.9 47.1 44.3

2029 46.8 43.1 48.7 44.4

Qinghe Village 5

2015 40.9 42.8

45.3 39.2

46.6 44.4

2021 44.0 42.9 47.7 44.4

2029 46.8 43.1 49.1 44.6

Yangdong Elementary

School 3

2015 42.1 44.0

45.3 39.2

47.0 45.2

2021 45.2 44.1 48.3 45.3

2029 48.0 44.3 49.9 45.5 Source: Subproject EIA

405. With increase of the traffic volume in different forecast years, the noise level of the operation of roads experienced by sensitive sites will gradually increase. However, the levels do not exceed Category 2 Standard in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise and there is little impact of operation of the project on sensitive receivers.

Fuling:

Table V.26: Predicted Value of Noise at Sensitive Spot in Daytime for Fuling Road

Names of Sensitive Spot

Representative Point for

monitoring Current

Condition of Background

Value

Background value dB(A)

Predicted value dB(A)

2015 2021 2029

1#Pibadong 3# 42.6 48.38~47.26 51.58~49.87 53.26~51.51

2#Chuandong 3# 42.6 48.38~47.26 51.58~49.87 53.26~51.51

3#Zhongjiayuanzi 3# 42.6 49.68~47.26 52.43~49.87 54.11~51.51

4#Daoban 3# 42.6 49.68~47.26 52.43~49.87 54.11~51.51

5#Dawan 3# 42.6 49.68~47.26 52.43~49.87 54.11~51.51

6#Dongquancun 4# 45.8 50.10~48.70 52.66~51.05 54.26~52.69


4# 45.8 48.81 50.18 51.23

8#Jiaoshi town 4# 45.8 50.10~46.64 52.66~48.60 54.26~49.96

9#Guochangwan 5# 42.6 50.10~45.92 52.66~48.60 54.26~49.96

10#Gaojiaolou 5# 42.6 50.10~45.92 52.66~48.60 54.26~49.96

11#Dengjiawuji 5# 42.6 50.10~48.47 52.76~51.04 54.11~52.35

12#Yuelai 5# 42.6 50.10~48.47 52.76~51.04 54.11~52.35

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13#Juandongchang 5# 42.6 44.04 45.86 46.91


6# 40.5 45.05~40.52 47.63~43.52 49.24~44.90


6# 40.5 45.05~40.52 47.63~43.52 49.24~44.90


6# 40.5 42.63 43.05 44.13

Table V.27: Predicted Value of Noise at Sensitive Spot in Nighttime for Fuling Road

Names of Sensitive Spot

Representative Point for

monitoring Current Condition of

Background Value

Background value dB(A)

Predicted value dB(A)

2015 2021 2029

1#Pibadong 3# 38.6 43.32~42.20 45.80~44.38 47.28~45.74

2#Chuandong 3# 38.6 43.32~42.20 45.80~44.38 47.28~45.74

3#Zhongjiayuanzi 3# 38.6 44.16~42.20 46.64~44.38 48.13~45.74

4#Daoban 3# 38.6 44.16~42.20 46.64~44.38 48.13~45.74

5#Dawan 3# 38.6 44.16~42.20 46.64~44.38 48.13~45.74

6#Dongquancun 4# 37.3 43.77~42.55 46.42~44.92 48.13~46.36


4# 37.3 39.53 40.69 41.56

8#Jiaoshi town 4# 37.3 43.77~40.87 46.42~44.85 48.13~43.93

9#Guochangwan 5# 38.5 43.77~41.56 46.42~43.38 48.13~44.28

10#Gaojiaolou 5# 38.5 43.77~41.56 46.42~43.38 48.13~44.28

11#Dengjiawuji 5# 38.5 43.77~41.30 46.42~45.47 48.13~46.57

12#Yuelai 5# 38.5 43.77~41.30 46.42~45.47 48.13~46.57

13#Juandongchang 5# 38.5 40.31 41.32 41.88


6# 38.6 41.95~40.44 43.47~41.35 44.94~40.82


6# 38.6 41.95~40.44 43.47~41.35 44.94~40.82


6# 38.6 39.90 40.36 40.76


406. The predicted noise levels for Fuling show that the levels do not exceed Category 2 Standard in Environmental Quality Standard for Noise and there is little impact of operation of the project on sensitive receivers.

407. Beyond monitoring to ensure that operational noise levels for Shizhu and Fuling roads are as predicted, no operational noise mitigation measures are required. If however future monitoring reveals noise levels in excess of these levels and exceeding PRC and EHS standards, mitigation measures will be required.

Chengkou:

408. The analysis for the Chengkou road subproject did not specifically look at noise levels at sensitive receiver sites. Instead and related them to a general appreciation of the distance to sensitive sites associated with the alignments.

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Table V.28: The predicted result of impact value of Road traffic noise on Chengkou Roads Unit: dB (A)

Predicted Year

Predicted period

Distance to road central line

10m 20m 30m 40m 60m 80m 100m 120m 150m 200m

2015 Day 59.7 57.4 55.8 54.7 53.0 51.8 50.9 50.1 49.2 48.0

Night 56.8 54.4 52.8 51.7 50.0 48.9 47.9 47.2 46.2 45.0

2020 Day 60.2 57.8 56.3 55.2 53.5 52.3 51.4 50.6 49.7 48.4

Night 57.3 54.9 53.3 52.2 50.5 49.4 48.4 47.7 46.7 45.5

2030 Day 61.3 59.0 57.4 56.3 54.6 53.4 52.5 51.7 50.8 49.6

Night 58.4 56.0 54.5 53.3 51.7 50.5 49.5 48.8 47.8 46.6


Table V.29: Location of Sensitive Sites relative to Chengkou Road Subproject

Sensitive Sites Distance from road

200 households along the road in Beipo Village Minimum range 9m

Wanquan Primary school in Yanhe Town Minimum range 8m

90 households along the road in Zhongxi Town Minimum range 30m

About 35 households of scattered residents along the road Minimum range 16m

Experimental zone of the Damushan Nature Reserve 0m


409. It is apparent that a number of these sensitive sites will experience noise levels in the operational period of the Chengkou road subproject which will exceed PRC standards and EHS guidelines. Noise levels complying with the ambient noise quality standard applicable to experimental zones of nature reserves will be achieved at a distance of 200m. Before implementation of the project an additional analysis of predicted noise levels at these sites is required in order to specify and quantify the noise mitigation measures required. These will include:

(i) Noise barriers and/or noise insulation windows and ventilators on buildings;

(ii) Low-noise pavement materials;

(iii) Trees and shrubs will be planted as soon as possible after construction along the right-of-way.

410. An estimated amount for noise mitigation has been included in the EMP cost table based upon the following Table V.30.

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Table V.30: Noise mitigation measures, operation phase

Mitigation measures Noise reduction

dBA Estimated cost

Yuan/m2

Greening isolation belt 1~2 200

Installation of sound insulation ventilating window

28~36 1000

Sound insulated screen barrier 5~20 800~900


411. Additionally, no new school, medical center or other sensitive facilities will be allowed to be built within 200 m from the central line of the roads to prevent noise impacts to these facilities in the future

412. Hazardous goods haulage: The haulage of hazardous goods on the new and upgraded roads raises the possibility of destructive pollution to water, villages and towns surroundings caused by traffic accidents, especially when hazardous goods are transported across rivers or environmental sensitive spots during the operation period. Hazardous goods for road transport in the project‘s areas of influence include petrol, chemical fertilizer and farm chemicals. By combining estimated risk occurrence frequencies at predicted traffic volume at sensitive road sections, the probability of destructive pollution produced in these areas was predicted. In order to further reduce the risk of pollution by spillage of dangerous goods, an emergency preparedness and response mechanism will be developed and implemented by all jurisdictions with road subprojects (see section G below).


413. The main operational considerations for flood management subprojects are flood forecasting, warning/emergency response planning and non-engineering flood management measures. Estimation of design floods by regionalized methods is inferior to estimation by flood frequency analysis of site-specific data or data acquired in the project river, and is an additional source of inaccuracy. This makes the reasons for applying non-structural measures for managing over-standard floods even more compelling. Added to that, the strong probability of climate change due to global warming increasing runoff and flood peaks in south-west PRC is likely to erode the standard of flood protection in future (see Section J below).

414. The three project counties have comprehensive flood warning and emergency response plans in accordance with PRC laws and regulations. These are described in Appendix 2. The plans will be revised during project implementation to account for changes induced by the project. The following summary of existing plans, and recommendations to enhance existing flood warning and emergency response systems are drawn from the Final Report of ―Assessing New Approaches for Urban River Rehabilitation and Flood Management In Chuxiong

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Prefecture, Chongqing Municipality and Jiuquan Municipality‖ 22.

415. Flood warning: A flash flood monitoring and warning system (FFMWS) is currently being implemented for Youyang County as part of a national program to mitigate the impacts of flash floods in the PRC. The proposed system will monitor two reservoirs situated on tributaries and their dam releases, and it includes a number of precipitation stations, with data from these monitoring stations to be transmitted to a central flood operations center for the county. The proposed network will include one reporting hydrological (river gauging) station far enough upstream to provide adequate warning of floods coming down the river (10 km upstream).

416. The runoff area upstream of the Rongfeng River is so small that warning times available from a flood warning system would be exceedingly short. Accordingly, a rudimentary warning system that just monitors changes in levels in the reservoir, releases from the gated dam spillway and rainfall would be sufficient to provide potential for alerts of impending flood conditions. Local government advised that a protocol already exists for communication of this information, plus rainfall from another site upstream of the dam.

417. For Wulong County, the Wu River is the largest tributary of Yangtze river flowing through a number of provinces, municipalities and counties. The flood warning must be closely coordinated by the higher authority of the Changjiang (Yangtze) RBC. The flood frequency and flood levels along the Wu River is periodically reviewed and updated by the Yangtze RBC. The flood warning and risk mapping in Wulong county will be improved according to the updated Yangtze RBC information, together with considering risk of future climate change supported by the project implementing consulting service. Flood water meters installed under the project will become an integral part of the whole flood warning system.

418. Flood emergency planning: Emergency flood response plan should be linked to the flood warning and flood forecasting system so that, when an over-standard flood is forecast, people at risk or with property at risk could be warned, take appropriate precautions to limit flood damage and, if necessary, be evacuated from the area at risk of inundation. The plan should consider safety of evacuation routes and places of safe temporary refuge, among other matters. Even for floods below the design flood protection standard, the flood monitoring and forecasting system should be used to warn the community of approximate flood peak levels expected so that activities undertaken near the river banks can be suspended (e.g. fishing, boating, recreation).

419. According to Youyang County flood control office, a flood emergency response plan exists for Longtan. Flood emergency response planning has been undertaken for parts of Rongchang – for example, for development along the Laixi River. The emergency response plan should be extended in scope to provide for emergency response for flood hazard areas along the project reach of the Rongfeng River, and updated with availability of flood risk mapping.

420. A flood emergency response plan exists for Wulong city, but the report notes that it is not as comprehensive as some of the others that were reviewed, perhaps because in the case of

22

ADB 2012, Assessing New Approaches for Urban River Rehabilitation and Flood Management In Chuxiong Prefecture, Chongqing Municipality and Jiuquan Municipality. ADB Manila, February 2012.

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Wulong emergency response planning is part of a flood mitigation plan of much broader scope (Changjiang (Yangtze) RBC review of flood frequency and flood levels).

421. All flood emergency response plans should be revised and updated to provide for the existing, new and proposed urban development areas so that, when an over-standard flood is forecast, people at risk or with property at risk could be warned, take appropriate precautions to limit flood damage and be evacuated from the area at risk of inundation if necessary. The plans should consider safety of evacuation routes and locations of safe temporary refuge, among other matters.

422. Non-engineering flood management measures: In all subproject areas key public infrastructure providing essential services should be located above the 1% annual exceedance flood level so that they are not put out of commission or damaged during larger floods, and can continue to function. Key public infrastructure includes, for example, hospitals, schools, water treatment plants, wastewater treatment plants, the office of the flood operations center, electricity sub-stations, sewerage treatment plants, etc. Storage and/or use of hazardous materials should also be excluded from areas that could be inundated by the flood of1% annual exceedance (one-in-100 years). These provisions are easiest to accommodate if included in the earliest stage of urban planning, and if mapping that delineates the flood risk areas is undertaken in advance. If, in some cases, it is impractical to locate key utilities above high flood level – which may be the case for wastewater or sewerage treatment plants, for example – then they should receive adequate flood-proofing treatment such as being surrounded by embankments or flood walls to the higher flood protection standard.


423. Water Safety: A major potential risk identified at project inception stage relates to the safety of the water supply during operation. To adequately address this risk, a comprehensive water safety risk assessment was conducted for the proposed Wanzhou water supply component.

424. A workshop was held over three days to assess potential safety risks of the water supply, and to draft a water safety plan. Workshop participants included 6 representatives from the Wanzhou Water Company, the Design Institute in charge of the water supply component, representatives from the district DRC, ADB experts, the PPTA consultants, and independent consultants (trainers and workshop facilitators). The approach adopted was consistent with the guidance provided by WHO (Bartram et al., 2009) and the ADB Guidance Note (Masic and Sutherland, 2011). The process undertaken entailed the following steps:

(i) Risks were identified using a risk assessment worksheet that followed the WHO example guidance (Bartram et al., 2009);

(ii) Potential biological, physical and chemical hazards to water safety were identified for each stage of the proposed water supply system, from the water source to the end user.

(iii) Risks resulting from the potential hazards were assessed for each part of the water supply system. The risks rating (nil, low, medium or high) is a result of (a) likelihood; and (b) severity of the risk.

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(iv) The effectiveness of proposed control measures included in the component‘s design was assessed and residual risks identified.

(v) Required corrective actions to address unacceptable residual risks were defined.

425. The risk assessment identified a number of hazards and risks to water safety, but concluded that the control measures proposed in the FSR would reduce most of those the risks to acceptable levels (low risk rating). Key hazards and risks for different water supply process steps as well as the proposed control measures are described in Table V.31. Major control measures are also reflected in the EMP and the monitoring plan.

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Table V.31: Water Supply Safety Risk Assessment and Draft Management Plan

Process Step Hazard/Risk Risk rating

(without controls)

Proposed control measures Risk rating (with

controls)

Notes

Water intake point (Yangtze River)

Accidental chemical spill, resulting in contamination of water source

Low-Medium

Emergency action plan to adjust the treatment process and/or shift to an alternative water source and shut the plant; Wanzhou EPB is coordinating emergency response mechanism in case of emergencies; Wanzhou WTP will act on EPB’s directives.

Low Such events are unlikely and would be notified rapidly to relevant authorities. Such incidents occurred in the past (e.g. fertilizer and oil spills). The response was fast and successful. Water supply could be switched to JiangBei or JiangNan in short-term and medium-term, respectively. Both draw water from reservoirs.


Discharge of untreated and partly treated wastewater, with potential chemical contamination of water source

Medium Dilution effect in Yangtze River is significant and WTP provides inherent control. Regular monitoring of source water quality by Wanzhou EPB; Source protection zoning will be established and enforced to manage the risk; Compliance monitoring of discharging WWTPs.

Low Water quality data indicates that discharge of industrial effluents in the area are well controlled. Compliance with source protection requirements will be enforced by EPB.


Faecal matter entering the water source, contaminating water with pathogens

High At the source: Significant dilution; source protection zoning will reduce risk At the WTP: Coagulation-filtration-chlorination

Low The risk is controlled through source protection zone and at the WTP.

Pre-sedimentation basin

Algal bloom in the sedimentation basin, producing algal toxins and taste/odor problems

Low Inherently controlled by turnover in the basin; Process will supervised by qualified staff

Nil

Coagulation and flocculation tank

Mechanical failure of chemical dosing system, resulting in high turbidity and indirectly pathogens

Medium Back coagulant dosing system; Automatic dosing pump with integrated alarm system in the event of failure.

Low

Coagulation and flocculation tank

Use of contaminated coagulant, resulting in contamination of water

Medium Coagulant must be purchased form approved supplier, demonstrating compliance with national product standard GB1892-2009.

Low

Filtration Failure of filtration system, with High On-line post filtration turbidity monitoring Low Controls mitigate both likelihood

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excessive turbidity and potential for pathogen breakthrough

connected to alarm system; Multiple separate filtration units in parallel; Filtration maintenance progam

and severity. The plant is designed to achieve 1 NTU turbidity. The need to increase to 0.15 NTU target (to achieve best practice for protozoa control will be reviewed during detailed design.

Chlorination Under- and over-dosing of chlorine (system failure), resulting in pathogen breakthrough or chlorine taste and odor

High Automated dosing and on-line monitoring to achieve target chlorine content of min. 0.5mg/L and max. 1.0mg/L after 30min.

Low

Treated water storage

Accidental recontamination of water (through rodents, birds, and groundwater ingress)

High The storage tank will be roofed, vents and overflows will be meshed, chlorine residual, storage tank walls will be lined with water proof lining. Frequent inspections and maintenance

Low

Treated water storage

Malicious re-contamination (terrorism, sabotage)

High The site will be fenced and secured with CCTV Low

Pumping station Pumping station failure, power failure, with loss of pressure and risk of re-contamination due to back-siphonage

High Backup pumping station and dual power supply Low

Distribution network

Pipe burst with re-contamination of water and interrupted service

Medium Pipe material selection; Procedures for operating system to avoid spikes and water hammering; Emergency response plan, including quick repair of bursts and pipe cleaning

Low

Customer underground storage tanks

Groundwater ingress with re-contamination

High Waterproof lining of tanks; Regular inspections and maintenance

Medium Outside project area of influence (water supply company only responsible up to water meter). Existing tanks are also designated for fire-fighting and cannot be excluded from the system.

Customer connections, plumbing

Use of inappropriate materials, old material (such as galvanized iron with lead) with contamination of water at point of use

High Enforce compliance with Chinese plumbing regulations (for new buildings); Awareness raising on impact of inappropriate plumbing; Periodic monitoring of water quality at point of use.

Medium Outside project area of influence (water supply company only responsible up to water meter). The CDC undertakes monthly verification sampling at taps (NTU, chlorine), to conform compliance with drinking water quality standards.

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426. Maintaining water quality at the plant: As seen above, the proposed Yangliu WTP treatment process risk is generally low, and through strict routine operation and management, the water quality of WTP can meet related water quality requirements. The reason why the FSR did not adopt high density sedimentation tank but horizontal sedimentation tank is that the latter needs simpler construction and equipment configuration, has convenient operation and maintenance, especially that the latter has long water retaining time, good anti-pulse loading capacity, such that it can guarantee the water quality of effluent when the turbidity of raw water is high. The other consideration is that the land for the WTP of the project is sufficient. Other management measures to ensure the environmentally sound running of the treatment plant will include:

(i) Lab equipment to test 36 standard parameters;

(ii) Build emergency warning system and equip with water source online monitoring system instruments;

(iii) Ensure that WTP staff are well trained on all steps of the treatment process, including emergency warning and response system.

427. Operational Noise: Noise levels from the plant‘s operations have been predicted at the plant boundary (Table V.32).

Table V.32: Predicting outcomes of noise at boundary. Unit: (dBA)

The location of predicting points

Value of influence The main influential acoustic

sources and the distance from the boundary of enterprises

Evaluation of the outcomes

In the daytime

at night

Main noise sources

Distance (m)

In the daytime

At night

At boundary of water treatment plant

1# 50 50 Sludge dewatering

house 16

Comply with standard

Comply with standard

2# 51 51 Recoil pump room 60 Comply with

standard Exceed

standard

3# 64 64 Water-delivering pumping house

18 Exceed

standard Exceed

standard

4# 47 47 — Comply with

standard Comply with

standard

5# 44 44 — Comply with

standard Comply with

standard

Sensitive points

6# 51 51 Recoil pump room ,

Water-delivering pumping house

35-40m outside

boundary

7# 43 43 —

Notes According to discharging standard of environmental noise at boundary of industrial enterprises (GB12348-2008) the restrictive value for two kinds of discharging standards: in the daytime is

60B, at night 50Db. Source: Subproject EIA

428. The predictions indicate that the plant operation will generally comply with PRC standards for environmental noise at boundary of industrial enterprises (GB12348-2008). Although the nighttime operating noise at identified sensitive receivers 35-40m from the boundary (Chongqing Economic and Training School, Christian Church) exceed the standard, these are unlikely to be inhabited at night. Nevertheless, a noise barrier in the form of extensive and dense landscape planting at the plant boundary on the eastern and

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western side of the WTP is prescribed in the EMP to further mitigate this effect.

429. Induced wastewater production: The new water supply will result in the production of 160,000 m3/d (short term) and 280,000 m3/d (long-term) of wastewater in the service area. As discussed in para. 319, there are sufficient wastewater treatment capacities in the short term to cope with the induced wastewater. In addition, Wanzhou District Government will construct two new WWTPs in the area of influence of the new WTP, increasing the total treatment capacity to 410,000m3/d. This capacity will be sufficient for the area of influence of the Yuangli water supply in the long term, ensuring that no wastewater will be discharged untreated to the Yangtze River. The Wanzhou District Government is committed to ensure that the new WWTPs will be constructed and operational prior to the completion of the water supply system. This commitment is set as a specific assurance of the Project.

G. Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning

430. In the PRC the various levels of government have put in place emergency preparedness and response procedures. The National Master Plan for Public Emergency Preparedness and Response was released by the State Council on 8 January 2006. The national master plan establishes the principles, policy and institutional framework for preparing and responding to public emergencies. It classifies public emergency events into four general categories: (i) natural disasters, including flood and drought, meteorological calamities, earthquakes, geological hazards, marine disasters, biological disasters and forest and grassland fires; (ii) accidental disasters, such as various industrial and mining safety accidents, transport accidents, public facility accidents, environmental pollution and ecological damage; (iii) public health emergencies, including outbreak of infectious diseases, occupational diseases, animal diseases and food poisoning; and (iv) social safety events. Provinces, in turn, have proclaimed master plans for public emergency preparedness and response. All the Project counties, districts and cities have Emergency Preparedness and Response Plans (EPRPs), and sectoral plans as would be appropriate for city or township road networks take their place within this hierarchy. Currently, none of the IUs of the subprojects have EPRPs, nor have they been developed as part of the PRC EIA process. As part of project implementation, IUs will need to prepare and promulgate EPRPs which use the provisions of the relevant county or district plan and include the following contents (Table V.33).

Table V.33: Contents of Emergency Preparedness and Response Plans

Element Contents

Coverage All activity and infrastructure areas covered by the plan, as well as environmental protection targets for environmental media which might be affected by an emergency.

Organization Emergency offices and personnel who will implement the plan, and their levels of responsibility.

Level of emergency and response Levels of emergency which will trigger corresponding response procedures

Response and rescue tools Response facilities, equipment and instruments

Early warning and communication Early warning and communication means, channels, transportation and traffic control

Inspection and monitoring Professional teams which are responsible for reconnaissance, monitoring, and assessment of the nature, parameters and consequences of the emergency, for the purpose of informed decision making

Containment and cleanup Pollution containment and cleanup measures and equipment for emergency site, adjacent area and fire control area

Evacuation Evacuation planning and organization, medical rescue and public health protection

Termination and restoration Emergency termination procedure and post-emergency restoration plan

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Training Emergency preparedness and response training and drills

Public education and information Public education and information dissemination program for local communities Source: PRC Regulation

H. Environmental Health and Safety

431. Safety and health of both workers and residents may be threatened by construction activities. Numerous workers will gather within the construction site, with relatively low living conditions such as unclear water, food, air, increasing the risk of diseases infection and transmission. Surrounding residents may also be affected by noise and dust. Workers may confront construction safety risks as well. For flood management components, cut soil may block normal flood flow. For road components, workers will work in remote and mountainous areas, where geological conditions are complex.

432. Measures to protect the community will include:

(i) Requiring contractors to consider the impact on traffic in construction scheduling. A traffic control and operation plan will be prepared and it shall be approved by the local traffic management administration before construction. The plan shall include provisions for diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid morning and afternoon peak traffic hours, regulating traffic at road crossings, building interim roads, selecting transport routes to reduce disturbance to regular traffic, reinstating roads, and opening them to traffic as soon as the construction is completed.

(ii) Planning construction activities so as to minimize disturbances to utility services. Temporary land occupation will be planned well ahead of construction to minimize its impact. Land will be reinstated to its original condition after construction.

(iii) Implementing safety measures around the construction sites to protect the public, including warning signs to alert the public to potential safety hazards, and barriers to prevent public access to construction sites.

(iv) Conducting three-dimensional detection of underground facilities before construction. Consultations and advice to design institutes and contractors from a subsurface utility engineering specialist is necessary to avoid potential accidents, excessive costs, and delays during project implementation.

(v) Implementing resettlement and land acquisition according to the approved resettlement plans, avoiding possible disputes and dissatisfactory from affected people.

433. Measures to ensure occupational health and safety will include:

(i) Contractors shall be required by the LPMOs and the IUs to ensure that their workers and other staff work on the proposed constructions are in a safe environment;

(ii) Following the award of construction contracts, the successful head contractor will prepare a Site Environmental Management and Supervision Manual, including an emergency preparedness and response plan and site environmental health and safety plan, for approval by the LPMOs and IUs;

(iii) Contractors shall ensure that: (a) all reasonable steps are taken to protect

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any person on the site from health and safety risks; (b) the construction site is a safe and healthy workplace; (c) machineries and equipment are safe; (d) adequate training or instruction for occupational health and safety is provided; (e) adequate supervision of safe work systems is implemented; and (f) means of access to and egress from the site are without risk to health and safety; and

(iv) All contractors shall be required to implement effective occupational health and safety measures for their workers within all construction sites, including efficient sanitation, adequate health services and protection clothing and equipment. The contractors‘ performance and activities for occupational health and safety shall be incorporated in their monthly progress reports.

I. Unanticipated Impacts during Construction and Operation

434. If any unanticipated impacts become apparent during project implementation, the borrower will (i) inform and seek ADB‘s advice; (ii) assess the significance of such unanticipated impacts; (iii) evaluate the options available to address them; and (iv) prepare or update the EIA including EMP. ADB will help the borrower mobilize the resources required to mitigate any adverse unanticipated impacts or damage.

J. Impacts from Future Climate Change

1. Climate Change Impact Assessment

435. A study was commissioned by the ADB to conduct a climate change impact assessment (CCIA) for Chongqing, including local hydrological risk assessment. By examining selected subproject areas, its results dovetail with the Chongqing Urban and Rural Infrastructure Development II Project and help improve project design to be more climate-resilient.

436. Specific objectives of this study were to:

(i) develop regional climate (including temperature, precipitation, and extreme events) scenarios based on the latest global climate model simulations and using downscaling techniques, for Chongqing and the water catchments of selected projects;

(ii) identify impacts of climate change to local meteorology of the Chongqing municipality; and

(iii) apply climate scenarios to a hydrological model, in order to identify hydrological risks associated with selected project components.

437. According to the special report of Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC), more extreme climate events including extreme heat and heavy rain can be expected in the future as a consequence of climate change. This may increase floods and droughts in both frequency and intensity as well as causing a range of secondary disasters (IPCC, 2012). The future climate situation may influence the engineering design and non-structural measures in the flood and road components if more focused regional climate

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change scenarios could be described.

438. The report cited predictions from the literature on the possible changes of summer precipitation in the future. The results showed that in the first 50 years of the 21st century the precipitation will change little but in the later 50 years it will increase obviously. The forecast results are that the area of the river basin of the upper reaches of Wujiang in Guizhou Province is large, and precipitation in 2080-2099 will increase 6-8%.

439. Other researchers analyzed and forecast the climate change in Chongqing. In the last 46 years, the Northeast and Southwest Sichuan basin indicated a descending trend in temperature and precipitation, which indicates that the climate change in Southwest PRC is not synchronous with the global warming patterns (Ma, 2006). Another study on the Yangtze River upstream area shows that the inflow runoffs will weakly decrease in the next 30 years, and increase in the following 60 years (Wang, 2012). In fact, in the first half of the 2012 flood season the flood discharge in the Three Gorge Reservoir has reached the highest record in history. This indicates that previous research may have omitted some key details or underestimated the climate change impact in the project area.

2. Future Climate change projection

440. Based on the climate data (temperature, precipitation, etc.) from 8 meteorological stations in Chongqing, the study team developed regional climate (including temperature, precipitation, and extreme events) scenarios based on the latest global climate model simulations and using downscaling techniques, for Chongqing and the water catchments of selected subprojects. Statistical Downscaling (SDS) and Dynamic Downscaling (DDS) methods were used for downscaling global climate model (GCM) results to the local climate in Chongqing. Then hydrological modelling was used to transform the climate projections into surface runoff and flood discharge in selected sites. Further, flood risk was analyzed based on the result.

Figure V.3: Observed summer mean temperature (

oC), linear trend (

oC/decade) Source:

Chongqing CCIA

441. The Statistical Downscaling results suggest a significant warming in summer (about 2oC with more than double of the extremely hot days by the middle of this century) almost

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everywhere in Chongqing, accompanied with unclear long-term trends in precipitation with more or fewer extreme rains here and there (from-0.28-0.35mm/decade) in the region from time to time.

Figure V.4: Changes of summer mean surface air temperature (a) and precipitation (b)

from 1996~2005 (Historical) to 2036~2045 (RCP8.5), simulated by WRF driven by FGOALS-s2. Source: Chongqing CCIA

442. The Dynamic Downscaling results suggest a significant warming in summer (up to 4oC in eastern Chongqing) by the middle of this century, accompanied with an increasing trend in precipitation mainly in the mountainous parts of Chongqing.

443. The DDS-deduced increasing trends in both temperature and precipitation are stronger than the SDS results, partly because the observation sites used in SDS are mainly located in plains, while large response of local climate tends to occur in the mountainous parts of Chongqing in the model.

3. Influence on Flood Components

444. From the perspective of flood components, the most significant elements are the change in the intensity and frequency of flood events. Based on the projection of precipitation, the study team simulated the runoff depth and the flood discharge of Wulong and Yutan reservoir.

445. In general, it was found that Chongqing will face slightly more severe floods and more droughts. Extremely serious events (with discharge beyond 13776m3/s) could be expected 142 / 75 times before the end of this century, depending upon the projection used (DDS or SDS).

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Table V.34: Summer average precipitation increment in flood component regions

Component Region Change in Summer average precipitation（mm/day）

Flood

Rongchang 0-0.5

Youyang 2-3

Wulong 56

Source: Chongqing CCIA

446. The river training works should be in compliance with the increased flood risk from climate change impact. In fact, the institute responsible for preparation of the FSR, in the hydrological calculation, has made decisions on the safe side, taking into account the selection of results from various calculation methods. The design of the river works has reserved 20% space for uncertainties, which has taken climate change impact into account.

447. Since the alteration of Luodidong Power Station dam will improve the conditions for flood flow in the river, and improve Longtan Town‘s flood protection standards, this will also be a structural measure to adapt to climate change that will lead to increases of flood flow.

448. On the other hand, due to the increasing frequency of extreme flood events, more attention should be paid to the non-structural measures. More investment is needed for flood emergency forecasting and warning, emergency evacuation, operation and maintenance after construction. The EMP requires that this be taken into account in flood management subproject operations.

4. Influence on Road Components

449. The road subprojects are all in mountainous regions, many parts of which are facing the risk of landslide and debris flow. In Chongqing, stormwater flood is a frequent disaster in summer time. Northeast Chongqing is particularly prone to strong rain and flood events due to the proximity to Yangtze River valley. Flood and landslide events cause serious damages to life safety and properties every year. One stormwater event could induce economic damage up to 1 billion CNY.

450. Landslide frequency and extent are influenced by precipitation amount and intensity; snow accumulation, melt rate, and distribution; and roads and other land uses. The potential for a site to slide is influenced by slope steepness, properties of soil and rock, and hydrologic factors. Vegetation influences the likelihood of sliding through the soil stabilizing effects of root systems and the effects of vegetation structure and composition on hydrology23 (Dale, 2001). Climate-change effects on landslides reflect changes in the delivery of water to soils through altered precipitation and snow hydrology (Buma and Dehn 1998). The most socially and ecologically significant landslides are triggered by intense precipitation. Thus climate change that increases storminess, and hence soil saturation, will increase landslide occurrence.

23 Dale, V. H. 2001. Climate change and forest disturbances. BioScience 51:723–734.

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Table V.35: Summer average precipitation change in road component sites

Component Region Change in Summer average precipitation (mm/day)

Road

Fuling 3-5

Shizhu 10-15

Chengkou 6-8

Source: Chongqing CCIA

451. According to the study, average precipitation will slightly increase but extreme events will become significantly more frequent, and the induced social and economic damage is also aggravated. This climate factor may affect the safety of the road components. From the projected summer precipitation change map, we can obtain the change in proposed road component sites.

Figure V.5: The summer maximum precipitation during 2036~2045, simulated by WRF driven by FGOALS-s2 under the RCP8.5 scenarios. Source: Chongqing CCIA

452. The results also suggest that the extreme precipitation in northeast mountainous regions is significantly strengthened. Three road subprojects are very likely to be influenced, especially Shizhu and Chengkou, which may enhance the hazard of landslides and debris flows.

453. Therefore, in the design of safety installations of road components, more attention should be paid to the risk of landslide and such geological disasters. Specific safeguard measures include mountain protective installations, side slope protective screening, etc. At the same time, non-structural measures may also consider add more landslide warning signs, emergency response strategy and road cleaning preparation in order to ensure the road safe and free of obstacles. The EMP requires that this be taken into account in road subproject designs.

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VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

454. During Project preparation, various alternatives for the project components were proposed, screened, and studied against technical, economic, social, and environmental criteria. The primary objective with respect to environmental criteria was to identify and adopt options with the least adverse environmental impacts and maximum environmental benefits. The range of alternatives considered depended on the infrastructure sector and its characteristics.

A. Without-Project Alternatives

455. All analyses considered the ‗do-nothing‘ alternative, the consequences of which are a continuation of the current situation of substandard roads, property damage and constrained orderly development due to flooding, and constraints to planned development through limited water availability.

1. Road subprojects

456. Chengkou: The road communications between Yanhe and Shuanghe is an unpaved track of approximately 4m in width. Even with the passing areas along the track, it is barely acceptable during fine weather and is impassible in heavy rains. A detour of 85 kms would be involved via the existing provincial highways, S301 and a Class 2 Expressway which is under construction. Due to the poor road conditions, the local rural agricultural products cannot be brought to market or suffer lengthy delays. The current track serving the villages from Yanhe to Shuanghe traverses precipitous terrain and is a very dangerous road in particular in the adverse weather conditions. Villagers often need to walk rather than taking vehicles to commune between villages.

457. Shizhu: The current highway serving Yuelai passes through the town via a steep and winding road. Accidents are frequent. The new alignment bypasses the town and under main road of Yuelai Town. The second section of road starts from the northern part of Huangshui Town following the existing track to Yangdong Village. For long sections of its alignment it is excavated into a cliff with a width of just over 3.0 m and infrequent passing facilities. No safety fences other than pedestrian rails are installed at critical locations. The existing route is not passable during adverse winter.

458. Fuling: The existing road link is mostly substandard with poor road conditions and as a result, the transport options in the eastern Fuling are limited due to inadequate traffic capacity. Poor road maintenance also contributes to the limitation of traffic flow. The existing route from Luoyun to Juandong is a Class 3 rural highway with 6.0m carriageway for two-way traffic operation. The traffic volumes are relatively low but traffic is often affected by slow moving vehicles. There are numerous sharp bends without safety fences or particular road safety measures along this route.

459. The second section of the route from Juandong via Shaniudong to Daimu is a Class 4 road in poor condition. Several sections of this route are built from cutting into a cliff. Much of the route is narrow and poorly maintained. Most of the pavement and safety fences are damaged without replacement.

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460. Youyang: Floods occur frequently in Longtan River of Youyang County, while the flood control projects in the Longtan River Basin are inadequate. In Longtan Town, with increasing size of the urban area and economy, the population continues to increase, and losses in flood disasters will continue to increase. Most reaches of Longtan River are natural embankments. The flood control standards in the project river reach are less than one in 10 years, lower than the one-in-20-year standards required by the planning.

Figure VI.1: Youyang North Section 20 Years Return Period Flood Line (With and Without Project) Source: Subproject FSR

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Figure VI.2: Youyang South Section 20 Years Return Period Flood Line (With and Without Project) Source: Subproject FSR

461. Wulong: The section of the river in the planned new urban areas of Wulong County (Damuqiao section) is in a natural state; it does not meet the flood control standards, and floods readily spread ashore. The proposed project area is located in the left bank; the bank

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slope is steep and suffered from flood immersion and erosion, liable to cause large amounts of soil erosion. Especially during the flooding season, the flood water rises and falls rapidly, which causes the river bank to crumble and slip continually, inducing subsidence, bank collapse, landslides, and other secondary disasters, endangering people's lives and property.

Figure VI.3: Wulong 20 Years Return Period Flood Line (With and Without Project) Source: Subproject FSR

462. Rongchang: Rainstorms and floods occur frequently in Rongfeng River. The proposed project river reach has no flood control engineering measures; the flood control standards are lower than one in 10 years. If it suffers from flood immersion and scour, this may easily lead to collapses and landslides on the bank slopes, endangering the lives and property of the people on both banks. Northern New District is an emerging urban area of Rongchang County. The municipal infrastructure is seriously inadequate, in addition to the threat of flooding by heavy rain. During floods, rainwater and wastewater mix together, resulting in the decline in water quality of the Rongfeng River.


463. Wanzhou: The development of Wanzhou‘s new districts requires a new water source. Jiangnan (―South of Yangtze‖) New District cannot be served by any existing large or medium reservoir. The water supply subproject is an essential step in the refurbishment and expansion of Wanzhou‘s water supply network, enabling the closure of some old and inefficient plants and opening up new development areas to relieve pressure on the services of existing urban areas.

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B. Alternatives Particular to Individual Subproject

464. The range of alternatives considered depended on the infrastructure sector and its characteristics. Many of the FSRs‘ alternatives analyses were concerned with technical and engineering specifications. These include: paving surfaces materials, base course materials and cross section designs for roads and pipe laying techniques, pipe materials and pipe sizes for WTPs. The discussion below will focus on those parts of the analysis of alternatives with potential for differential environmental effects.

1. Youyang Flood Management Component

465. With or without landscape dams: The major consideration in the Youyang subproject was the inclusion or not of landscape dams. The initial scheme of the river training works included three new landscape dams, to facilitate formation of the water landscape in the river in the dry season. After the inception mission, and discussions arising from that mission, the design institute revised the scheme to exclude landscape dams. The environmental implications for this change are summarized below.

Table VI.1: Alternatives comparisons of overall layout of river training works

No landscape dams With landscape dams

Description Alteration of 315 Hydropower Station arch dam for water abstraction, and reduction of dam crest elevation to 311.5m

Building of three landscape dams and the removal of 315 Hydropower Station arch dam for water abstraction.

Flood control The design flood water surface is lower than the natural water surface by an average of 0.45 m.

The design flood water surface is lower than the natural water surface by an average of 0.53 m.

Landscape water level

At chainage K2+400.0m and below, the landscape water level is the same as Alternative Two. At chainage K2+400.0m and above, the water level is the natural river water level, and the water level at dry season is 314.67–311.85m.

At chainage K2+400.0m and below, the landscape water level is the same as Alternative One. At chainage K2+400.0m and above, there are two sections of landscape water level: the water level below 3# dam is 308.20m, while the water level above is 311.50m.

Ecological environment

The existing river ecological environment is maintained to the maximum extent. The water surface is natural, and the water is flowing and full of variations.

In the dry season the water landscape is maintained, but after the dam construction the river flow is poor, with some effects on the river ecological environment.

Day-to-day management

Operation and management without opening and closing of steel dam gate

Operation and management with opening and closing of steel dam gate


466. The comparison shows that while the inclusion of landscape dams can ensure that Longtan River has a larger water surface in the dry season to form a prominent water landscape, it has impacts on the ecological environment of the natural river, and also increases the day-to-day management costs. The exclusion of these dams is fully justified on environmental grounds.

2. Wulong Flood Management Component

467. Dike lines layout schemes: The FSR looked at alternative comparisons for two dike lines layout schemes. Alternative 1 follows the inside of the approved river regulation line (1 in 20 flood line) with consideration of the terrain conditions. Alternative 2 follows the 205 m level, on average about 50 m from the river regulation line.

468. A comparison of the design flood water levels for the two options showed that the pattern of water level changes for the two alternatives is similar. Both alternatives can

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increase the land area for Wulong County seat to help ease the short supply of land. Because Alternative 1 adds about 130 mu of urban land more than Alternative 2, Alternative 1 was selected.

469. Embankment structure: Alternatives comparison of dike embankment structure was also undertaken, with different structural types. On the conditions of construction, engineering layout, degree of technical difficulty, there was no difference in their relative merits. They were differentiated on capital costs rather than environmental implications.

3. Rongchang Flood Management Component

470. Original vs. final design: The Rongchang flood management component as originally proposed by the DI and IA was critically reviewed by pre-PPTA consultants, the PPTA consultants and ADB at PPTA inception and interim stage. Through policy dialog with the IA, IU and DI, the design was significantly revised to strengthen environment considerations in project design, and balance environmental, social and economic needs of an urban river. The comparison of the originally proposed project scope with the revised project scope is presented in Table VI.2.

Table VI.2: Comparisons of original project with revised project

Original proposal Revised proposal

Design concept Primarily flood control. Urban river enhancement, including flood control, landscaping, ecological valorization, and wastewater collection.

Form of river bank protection

Use of mortared stone balance weight type retaining wall + grassed slope stabilization, large block stone toe protection (at parts) + grassed slope stabilization. Flood control retaining walls on both river banks. Slope gradient of 1:3. 2 ~ 3 m wide leisure trail on top of the slope. In total, 8,312.9 m of flood control retaining walls on the left and right banks.

Use of more environmentally friendly gabion toe protection + grassed slope stabilization. Where the slope above the gabion toe protection does not meet the flood control standard, use of 1:3 grassed slope protection to the crest of the dike; 2 m wide leisure trail at the top of the slope, according to the actual local layout. This proposal will protect the river bank slopes, and involve cutting of only the steep unstable bank slopes, with less disturbance to the natural landform. Where the flood protection standards are met and the slopes are gentler, the natural green landscape is maintained. Where the bedrock outcrops, and the natural greenery is good, this design will only specify local landscaping, without any engineering measures. In total, 6,668.1 m of gabion for bank slope protection along both river banks.

Steel landscape dam

At Chainage K0 +320 m a new steel landscape dam will be built, to ensure river water surface during the dry season. The normal water level of the steel dam is 320 m.

The new steel landscape dam in the river is cancelled, to ensure natural flow of the river.

Dredging

In order to ensure the river water surface, some river reaches with higher river bed will be dredged, to 1.5 m below the normal water level. The quantity to be dredged is 110,376 m3.

The river will be dredged at specific locations only to 1 m below the normal water level. The river sections to be dredged will be reduced. The quantity to be dredged is adjusted to 993 m3.

Soil excavation

409,902 m3 43,525 m3

Rock excavation

129,586 m3 14,829 m3

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Area of affected

vegetation 229,973 m2 26,667 m2

Footbridge 2 new footbridges (K0+730 m, K2+540 m)

1 new footbridge (K0+734.9 m)

Landscaping

Total landscaping area is 215,640 m2, among which there is 83,375 m2 of slope landscaping (grassed slope protection) and 132,265 m2 of landscaping on the dike crest.

The landscaping width of this project will be the waterside landscaping belt about 30 m outside the dike lines on both banks of Rongfeng River. Both banks of the section from Bingmatan Road Bridge to Chengdu-Chongqing Road (Chainage K0+000 m~ K1+710 m) are higher quality landscaping for urban development. For both banks of the section downstream of Chengdu-Chongqing Road to Donghu Reservoir (Chainage K1+710 m~K4+805 m), the natural vegetation cover is relatively good, and this project will restore the vegetation damaged during construction, and locally improve the vegetation for those areas with poor ecological environment or no vegetation cover. Total landscaping area is 201,895 m2, among which there is 68,335 m2 of slope landscaping (grassed slope protection), 92,560 m2 of landscaping on the dike crest, and 41,000 m2 of vegetation restored at dike crest.


471. Embankment type: The requirements of the urban master plan and the landscape design are that the river dike lines will follow the layout of the natural river banks – so there was no analysis of alternative dike alignments. The Rongchang FSR undertook an alternatives comparison of embankment dike types. The FSR compared a retaining wall scheme with a scheme combining low embankment and slope (combination scheme).

472. From a comparison of floods, the flood water levels for the ―retaining wall scheme‖ at various flood return periods (up to one-in-100 years) were higher than those for the ―combination scheme‖. For increased flood safety therefore, the combination scheme is more favorable. Additionally, the combination scheme (of embankment and slope) lends itself better to landscaping and recreational/beautification use.

473. A summary of these comparisons is given in Table VI.3 below.

Table VI.3: Comprehensive comparisons of retaining wall scheme and scheme combining low embankment and slope

Type of embankment

type Advantages Disadvantages

Project investment (CNY10,000)

Retaining wall type

1. Cross section structure is simple, easy to control quality of construction;

2. Easy to use local materials; 3. More area of land that can be used

1. River cross-section for flow smaller, flood water level higher;

2. Low ability to adapt to changes in foundation;

3. Appear dull, poor effect on landscape;

4. Cost higher

9,302.85

Combination of low embankment and slope

1. River cross-section for flow larger, flood water level lower;

2. High ability to adapt to changes in foundation, easy to construct;

3. Appearance natural and beautiful, good effect on landscape;

4. Cost lower

1. Less area of land that can be used 5,523.24


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474. Other alternatives considered were: (i) forms of retaining wall; (ii) choice of materials; (iii) design and height of a landscape gate. All these comparisons focused on engineering and technical considerations, without significant environmental differences between alternatives.

4. Chengkou Road Component

475. Alternative road alignment: Alternative road alignments were included in the revised FSR after receiving comments on the initial FSR during the inception mission. Alignment 1 as shown in the Figure VI.4 is based on existing topography with a zigzag mountain crawler alignment. The total length is 39.19 km. Alignment 2 is a compromised proposal with the intention of reducing the length of zigzag road section by introducing a tunnel section to join the expressway to Shuanghe.

Figure VI.4: Examined Alignment Options Source: Subproject FSR

476. Alignment 2 was the recommended alignment from the LDI. Alignment 2 will reduce the length of the road by 18km.

477. Cross-section design: The FSR also considered alternatives for road cross sections and pavement designs and adopted a flexible pavement design option because of riding comfort and ease of maintenance in terms of maintaining required skidding resistance although overall cost over the same life span is higher than rigid pavement. This provides a higher safety level for an all-weather mountain road.

478. Bridges and culverts: Bridging and culvert alternatives were considered according to different engineering specifications and construction method. These alternatives have no bearing on differential environmental impact and are not described here.

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5. Shizu Road Component

479. Road alignment: Two alignment options over the mid-section of the route from Yuelai to Huangshui were considered by the LDI. The alignments are shown in Figure VI.5.

Figure VI.5: Alternative Alignment at Mid Section of Route from Luelai to Huangshui Source: Subproject FSR

480. The comparison is over the section from Ch. K4+314.2 to Ch. K8+259.5. The length over the same section in the proposed alternative is 5,027.3 m. The selected alternative offers a slightly better alignment in terms of gradient and curvatures and thereby advantages in safety and fuel savings. The recommended alignment follows the existing road alignment, and requires significantly less investment costs.

481. Other alternatives: Pavement type, bridging and culvert, and tunnel alternatives were considered according to different engineering specifications and construction method. These alternatives have no bearing on differential environmental impact and are not described here.

6. Fuling Road Component

482. Road alignment alternatives: A number of alignment alternatives were considered other than the existing alignment near Jiaoshi, Juandong, and Daimu Village. A brief description of these options is highlighted below.

483. The section between Luoyun and Juandong runs along an existing alignment. The selected alternative alignment departs from the existing alignment to provide a bypass for Luoyun Village and to improve the river crossing at Jianjiagouby straightening the existing alignment in the form of a 130m bridge (See Figure VI.6 below).

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Figure VI.6: Luoyun Bypass Source: Subproject FSR

484. Another pair of alternative alignments was considered near Jiaoshi Town (shown in Figure VI.7 below in red and green).

Figure VI.7: Jiaoshi Township Bypass Options Source: Subproject FSR

485. Both alignments bypass the old town of Jiaoshi. The green alignment runs along the hillside on a better geometry and is able to achieve 60kph design speed but it also requires more cutting into the hillside and results in higher environmental impact in the vicinity. The construction cost is higher as well. The red alignment was selected, which will improve the road along the existing alignment over the section passing Jiaoshi Town, with a design speed of 40kph. The selected alignment also minimizes resettlement issues.

486. A second section is from Juandong to Shaniudong where two alternative alignments were investigated near Juandong village. They are shown in Figure VI.8 below. In this case the selected alternative (red AK alignment) was chosen based on costs, land resumption and social factors.

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Figure VI.8: Alternative Alignments Considered at Juandong Village Source: Subproject FSR

487. At the approach to Daimu Village, Shaniudong, four different alignments (labeled A2K, A3K, A4K and A5K) were identified in the FSR. Alignment A4K and A3K are northern alignments which adopt a design speed of 30kph and 40kph respectively. The southern alignments include alignment A2K and A5K and their adopted design speed are 30kph and 40kph. The proposed alignments are shown in Figure VI.9 below.

488. The selected scheme is an upgrade of alignment A2K. This is a short route on an existing alignment and its upgrade will minimize impacts on new areas of the Daimu Nature Reserve.

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Figure VI.9: Alternative Alignments Considered at Daimu Village Source: Subproject FSR

489. Other alternatives: Pavement type, bridging and culvert alternatives were considered according to different engineering specifications and construction method. These alternatives have no bearing on differential environmental impact and are not described here.

7. Wanzhou Water Supply Component

490. Water source: Although alternative sources (including groundwater; large and medium reservoirs; and Yangtze River) were considered during initial planning, it quickly became apparent that there was no viable alternative to the Yangtze River/ Zhuangzi River intake, since no existing reservoir had the capacity to service the new district and a new source would be needed. Groundwater recharge conditions are generally poor in the area. It was concluded that the project area is not suitable for substantial groundwater extraction.

491. Based on a comparison of existing reservoirs in the area and the Yangtze River in terms of water availability and quality, capital and O&M costs, water security, and flexibility of expansion, the Yangtze River was selected as water source for the project (Table VI.4).

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Table VI.4: Comparison of Reservoirs and Yangtze River as water source

Alternative 1: Large and medium reservoirs

Alternative 2: Yangtze River

Number Item Assessment Score Assessment Score

1 Degree of guarantee for water needed

Ordinary, with large gap that requires finding new water sources

70 Water very abundant, high degree of guarantee

95

2 Water quality Relatively good, but need to consider impact of dry season on water quality

85 Ordinary, with particular concern for future changes in water quality

70

3 Capital costs of water abstraction & delivery works

Relatively high, especially as investments of water delivery works are huge

60 Relatively low 85

4 Operating costs of water abstraction & delivery works

Relatively low, mainly depending on gravity flow for water delivery

90 Relatively high, mainly depending on electricity to lift water; high costs for high level water supply

60

5 Security of water abstraction & delivery

Relatively good, vulnerable to natural disasters or man-made damage causing sudden accidents, poor response to contingency

70 Relatively good, less affected by disasters, good response to contingency

80

6 Ease of operation & organization

Relatively difficult, involving many water sources, & lots of departmental coordination

60 Relatively easy, with a single water source& easy to operate

80

7 Degree of use of existing water supply facilities

Ordinary, some reservoirs considered for water supply to urban area

70 Relatively good, existing water plants mainly use Yangtze water

85

8 Flexibility for expansion

Relatively poor, production & domestic development in area may compete for water with urban area; new construction of water conservancy facilities difficult

60 Relatively good, as Yangtze water is very abundant & stable, & can accommodate urban expansion readily

90

9 Total 565 645


492. WTP location: The location of the water treatment plant (WTP) was selected based on: (i) proximity to water supply source, (ii) absence of any planned settlements in the future, (iii) terrain, and (iv) land availability. Because of the special geographical environment of Wanzhou District, with low mountains and hills accounting for more than 90 percent of the land area of the whole district, there is little land suitable for water plants. In accordance with the siting requirements and considering the economy of the works, the degree of difficulty of the construction and other factors, site options for the plant are limited to Chaoyang Village and Yangliu Village.

(i) Plant site one: Chaoyang Village site is located in Chaoyang Village, at the southern edge of the urban area, southeast of the industrial park, about 8.8 km away from the water intake location. The site is on high ground, with an elevation between 187 and 237 m. At present it is occupied by farmland. On the east and north of the site there are small paths along Yangtze. At present there is limited road access to the site.

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The area is zoned for municipal land use.

(ii) Plant site two: The Yangliu Village site is located in the southwestern edge of the urban area, on the southern side of Yangliu Bridge, 14.0 km from the water intake. The site is a shallow gully, with an elevation of between 210 and 260 m. Road access would be readily accomplished. The area is zoned for municipal land use.

493. Plant site one, Chaoyang, is far away from the central urban area; and management and operation is inconvenient. Plant site two, Yangliu, is close to the central urban area; and operation and management is convenient. With this consideration and the decision of the implementing agency, Yangliu was selected as the Wanzhou New Water Plant.

494. Other alternatives analyzed in the FSR were: (i) pipe materials; (ii) treatment processes; (iii) alternatives of sedimentation tank, filtration tank and dewatering equipment. These selections were based upon cost effectiveness and did not have important differential environmental effects. The selection of water treatment process is based on the principle that WTPs must be designed to comply with government national drinking standards, thus the most common and frequently used process of flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection is adopted in water purification, which is more economical than other more complex processes.

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VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION A. Legislative Framework for Public Consultation

495. Public participation and consultation in the evaluation of project planning, feasibility study, design and implementation is an important part of EIA and an important environment safeguards requirement; it can directly reflect the public‘s perceptions on environmental quality in the project‘s area of influence. Relevant provisions in the Environmental Protection Law of PRC and the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection (Order of the State Council, No. 253) require that ―Environmental Impact Report formulated by construction unit shall be in accordance with relevant laws to solicit the opinions of units concerned and inhabitants of project construction site". ADB‘s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) also has detailed and strict requirements on meaningful participation, consultation and information disclosure. The consultation processes for this Project therefore follow both the PRC requirements and the ADB requirements.

496. The PRC EIA requirements and attendant public consultation requirements differ among the subproject sectors. Information disclosure and public consultation for each subproject have been conducted during preparation of the FSRs, domestic EIAs and the project EIA. Information disclosure and consultation included: internet/newspaper disclosure, informal communication with key stakeholders which include residents, local authorities and sector specific institutions and authorities; questionnaire surveys; and wider meetings attended by affected people and other concerned stakeholders.

B. Information Disclosure

497. Two rounds of information disclosure for each subproject were conducted by the EIA Institutes, which details are summarized in Table VII.1. The first round of information disclosure was carried out during the early stage of EIA preparation, the content of which mainly included a detailed description of the project scope, contact details of PMO, EIA Institute and local EPB, major procedures and scope of the EIA, and main aspects and approaches for public consultation. The second round of information disclosure was undertaken after the preparation of draft EIA reports to solicit public comments and suggestions on the preliminary findings of the EIA, including the potential impacts identified, proposed mitigation measures and conclusions.

Table VII.1: Summary of Information Disclosure

Subproject 1st Information Disclosure 2nd Information Disclosure

Date Location Posted Date Location Posted

Chengkou March 20,

2012 Posted on each related project site June 2012

Posted on website of district EPB and each related project

site

Fuling April 9 2012

Posted on the website of EIA Institute – www. cqmsy.com

and posted on each related project site: Jiaoshi, Damu and Luoyun

townships

June 27, 2012 Posted on the website of EIA Institute – www. cqmsy.com

Shizhu December 6-

19, 2011

Posted on information disclosure board of Yuelai, Huangshui and

townships

March 30, 2012

Posted on the website of EIA Institute – www. cqmsy.com

Youyang March 2012 Posted on each related project site July to Aug.

2012


site

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Subproject 1st Information Disclosure 2nd Information Disclosure

Date Location Posted Date Location Posted

Rongchang March to

April 2012 Posted on each related project site

July to August, 2011


site

Wulong December,

2011 Posted on each related project site March 2012

Posted on website of district EPB and at Damuqiao project

site

Wanzhou April, 2011 Posted on the website of EIA

Institute –www.cqemc.cn Feb., 2012

Posted on the website of EIA Institute –www.cqemc.cn

Source: EIA for each subproject, 2012

498. During the project information disclosure, the EIA Institutes also communicated with local people and companies/organizations at project sites to collect preliminary public opinions on the project via social medium such as television, local radios and newspaper. The project‘s environmental information will be further disclosed by the local EPBs and ADB.

C. Public Consultation

499. Meaningful public consultation for each subproject was undertaken by the EIA Institutes, local PMOs and PPTA consultant, which information is summarized in the table below.

Table VII.2: Summary of Public Consultation

Subproject 1st Round of Public Consultation 2nd Round of Public Consultation

Date Method Date Method

Chengkou March 22, 2012 Questionnaire &

Meeting June 21, 2012

Questionnaire & Meeting

Fuling April 10, 2012 Questionnaire June 27, 2012 May 10, 2012


Shizhu December 15, 2011 Questionnaire March 30, 2012 May 14, 2012


Youyang March 15, 2012 Meeting July 20, 2012 Meeting

Rongchang April 10, 2012 Questionnaire July 31, 2012 Questionnaire &

Meeting

Wulong December 21, 2011 Questionnaire March 2012

June 25, 2012 Meeting Meeting

Wanzhou April 18, 2011 Questionnaire Feb., 2012 May, 2012


Source: EIA for each subproject, 2012 1. First Questionnaire Survey

500. Questionnaire copies were distributed by the EIA Institutes to the project-affected people and beneficiaries, including different age groups, genders, educational backgrounds and occupations (Table VII.3). Table VII.4 shows the relevant results.

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Table VII.3: Background Information of Participants

County No. Sex Age Education Occupation

Male Female <20 20-40 40-60 >60 Primary school

High school

University or above

Official Workers Farmers Others*

Chengkou 51 32 19 2 20 18 11 15 28 8 2 1 45 2

Fuling 60 42 18 4 23 26 7 10 44 6 1 11 38 10

Shizhu 101 74 27 4 35 40 22 75 21 5 10 3 72 16

Youyang 50 36 14 0 35 10 5 15 23 9 5 0 28 17

Rongchang 50 31 19 / / / / 13 25 12 6 12 24 8

Wulong 50 20 30 15 35 20 37 3 20 23 7

Wanzhou 53 / / 9 44 3 20 30 12 8 16 17 *: Others include teachers, students, small traders, self-employed, unemployed and drivers

Table VII.4: Results of 1st Round of Questionnaire

Subproject Questionnaire

Distributed Questionnaire

Returned

Respondents Support

Project (%) Issues Reported by Respondents

Chengkou 51 51 100

All respondents were dissatisfied with the existing road and traffic condition and supported the project road construction. They believe that the project construction will greatly improve their traffic condition. They understood that negative impacts would occur during construction, but agreed that proper mitigation measures would be a satisfactory outcome.

The key concern expressed is traffic congestion during construction.

Fuling 60 60 100

All respondents believe that the project construction will promote local economy development and improve their living standard. They agree with the road alignment selection and support the project construction.

Compensation and resettlement issues were raised by the majority of respondents.

Shizhu 104 104 100

All respondents believe that the project will improve the transportation infrastructure, promote local social-economic development and improve their living standard.

Respondents said that landscaping should be adopted to mitigate the traffic noise and air pollution.


Youyang 50 50 100

All respondents support the project and agree that the project will improve the management of flood area and reduce impact of floods. They accept the environmental impact caused by the project if appropriate mitigation measures are adopted


Rongchang 50 50 100 Support for the flood control project.

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Subproject Questionnaire

Distributed Questionnaire

Returned

Respondents Support

Project (%) Issues Reported by Respondents

Mitigation measures should be taken to reduce impact on the vegetation along the river.

Wulong 50 50 100

Most of the respondents think they can directly benefit from the project construction. All respondents support the project construction.

Construction noise should be mitigated.

Wanzhou 55 53 96

The project will improve the water supply and water quality. A large majority of respondents support the project and accept the environmental mitigation measures proposed in the EIA report.

They consider the key environmental issue is construction noise.

Source: EIA for each subproject, 2012

501. Based on the results shown in the above table, local people support the project, and believe that the project will improve the local economic development and living standard. The main issues raised by the public include: (i) resettlement and related compensation; (ii) noise and dust control, pedestrian safety and traffic congestion during construction; (iii) quality control of the project construction; and (iv) noise control during operation.

502. The suggestions provided by the public included: (i) avoiding construction activities at nighttime to minimize the noise and at the rush hour of students to guarantee their safety; (ii) undertaking water spraying to minimize dust; (iii) timely disposal of construction waste with necessary covering; and (iv) protecting existing ecological resources and improving vegetation along roads to reduce the noise during road operation. All these considerations have been included as mitigation and management measures in subproject designs and in the EMP.

2. Second Questionnaire Survey

503. Results of Questionnaire survey: The questionnaire surveys were undertaken by the PPTA consultants in seven subproject sites to study public opinion and complaint behavior (see Table VII.4). The results have been used in the design of the grievance redress mechanism (GRM). The consultation aimed at ensuring that the project affected people are aware of the existence of a GRM process for the implementation of the project and agree with its structure. The meeting was also used to present the main anticipated impacts and the proposed mitigation measures, as defined in the draft EIAs and project EIA.

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Table VII.4: Results of 2nd Questionnaire Survey

Item Chengkou Fuling Shizhu Youyang Rongchang Wulong Wanzhou

Sample size 45 50 60 42 52 43 48

Do people complain or not if their daily life is

disturbed by the project?

Complain 14 (31%) 27 (54%) 26 (43%) 17 (40%) 24

(46%) 18

(42%) 28

(58%)

Not Complain 31

(69%) 23 (46%)

34 (57%)

23 (60%) 28

(54%) 25

(58%) 20

(42%)

No Response 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Which organization

will be selected by the public in

case of complaints?

Contractor 5

(25%) 13 (38%) 12 (39%)

5 (18%)

10 (34%)

10 (32%)

12 (32%)

Owner 0 (0%) 6

(18%) 5

(16%) 5

(18%) 3

(20%) 6

(19%) 7

(18%)

Local EPB 15

(75%) 15 (44%)

14 (45%)

64 (75%) 16

(55%) 15

(48) 19

(50%)

No Response 25 16 29 14 23 12 10

Primary environmental issue during construction

Traffic Safety

Ecology Ecology

and Noise

Land taken

Air & noise Air & noise

Noise

Note: The data shown in the brackets represent the correspondent result in percentage.

504. The results in Table VII.4 indicate that the public in most subproject areas are not accustomed to complain if their daily life is disturbed due to project construction. In case of public complaint, the local EPB is likely to be selected by people. In addition, the top environmental issues during construction identified by the public include dust, noise, ecology, traffic safety and congestion. These concerns have been considered extensively in the EIAs and specific mitigation measures to avoid or minimize their impacts are included in the EMP.

3. Consultation Meetings

505. Public consultation meetings were held in all seven counties during May to July 2012. Representatives from local schools, residents nearby the construction sites and the local government departments were invited. The consultation meetings also discussed the setting up, refining and dissemination of the GRM developed for the project.

506. During the consultation meetings, the IAs, design institutes and the project team introduced the project to the participants, and the proposed GRM in Chinese was distributed to the participants and clear explanation was made.

507. Results of Consultation Meeting: All participants provided supportive responses to the proposed project and the proposed GRM, and believe that the proposed GRM is practical and accessible, and will help address project related grievances.

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Table VII.5: Key Concerns of Affected People and Local Government Department

County Key concerns and suggestions

Chengkou Traffic congestion during construction, traffic safety.

Fuling The IA should get approval from Damushan Nature Reserve Management Authorities and the Fuling Forest Bureau. Spoil site should be rehabilitated.

Shizhu SEPP should be developed and submit to Water Resource Bureau for approval. Borrow and spoil site should be rehabilitated. Forest land taken should get approval from forest department. During construction, if cultural heritage is found, construction work should be stopped and reported to the Shizhu Cultural Heritage Bureau.

Youyang Land and house taken should properly compensated. Longtan Old Town should be protected during construction.

Rongchang Try to protect the river side vegetation as possible. Maintain river bank and river access for local people. Traffic noise should be reduced.

Wulong Develop traffic management plan to avoid traffic congestion during construction. Avoid heavy vehicle transportation at night.

Wanzhou Contact information of the IA should posted at construction site. Source: PPTA and PMO data collection

508. All of the concerns and suggestions expressed during the key stakeholder and public consultation meetings have been summarized and provided to the design institutes. The relevant concerns and suggestions have been reflected in FSR revisions, and appropriate mitigation measures were defined in the domestic EIAs, this CEIA, and the EMP.

D. Focus Group Discussions

509. In the framework of the Poverty and Social Assessment (PSA) conducted at PPTA stage, 21 focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with project beneficiaries of the 7 subprojects. The discussion focused, among others, on the beneficiaries‘ opinion and concerns about the project components. Key results of the FGDs are presented below.

510. For road construction subprojects, FGD participants saw the present condition of their roads as a significant contributor to the poverty of their village. They were convinced that the road improvements would enable them to increase their income by reducing the costs of transporting farm produce and inputs, and / or by providing them with more lucrative markets for some of their existing produce, as well as for possible new cash crops. The improvement of the roads was also seen as reducing the burden, particularly for women, of trips on foot to the market and accompanying children to school. In every village visited, there was also considerable enthusiasm at the prospect of possible employment on Project works. The villagers‗ main concern was how quickly the road works would begin. They saw no problems associated with the implementation of the road development work, although they agreed that road safety education would be desirable, given the changing traffic conditions on the road.

511. In the FGDs in the Rongchang flood risk management areas, floods were no longer seen as being a major problem since the completion of the World Bank Project. Nonetheless, all the FGD participants in Rongchang liked the idea of the proposed Project work, feeling that it would create a nice leisure place where people could stroll. This is not currently the case – there is a lot of unmaintained grass and the track is narrow and in poor condition. Villagers expressed no concerns about Project implementation – there had been good experiences associated with the implementation of the recent World Bank Project, during which the County Government had supported and demonstrated concern for local residents.

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512. During the FGD for the Wulong flood risk management component, residents were positive about the impact that the Project‗s proposed flood risk management work would have. Flooding is still a significant problem for a number of households in Wulong, reducing incomes as a result of crop loss and the need to buy food for the household and fodder for pigs when crops were damaged or lost. Participants felt that stopping the floods would enable those who retained their land to grow cash crops and would create a safer living environment. The development of riverside road would also create opportunities for new businesses – the current connecting road to the main road had made it impossible to open restaurant businesses there.

513. Participants in the Youyang flood risk management FGDs were also in favor of the proposed Project works, which they felt would beautify the environment and provide villagers with more leisure places. The embankment would reduce the impact of the flood on villagers and make residents‗ life and income more secure. Participants also believed that the project will attract foreign enterprises and help the local economy develop. Participants hoped that the Project‗s plans for the river development, could make it easy for the villagers to wash clothes, get drinking water and fish in the river. Participants in the FGD also felt that the distance between points of access to the river should not be too far to enable easy access to the river.

E. Future Consultation and Information Disclosure

514. Information disclosure and public consultation to safeguard the environment and local communities will continue throughout detailed design, construction and operation phases. In the focus group discussions, participants were asked about the sort of information they would like to receive during or prior to commencement of the Project‗s physical works. Apart from information relating to land acquisition and possible relocation, the need to inform farmers in the flood risk control areas sufficiently in advance in order to know whether or not to plant crops was specifically mentioned.

515. Most FGD participants felt that information could best be conveyed through the media. Accordingly, this information should be widely published by radio, TV and notices prior to construction work commencing. Participations also requested that details of who can be contacted regarding queries or concerns during construction should be published at the same time; and that similar information should be publicized on a board erected to the entrance to/beginning of all Project construction sites along with the phone numbers of relevant contact people.

516. The implementing agencies (IAs) and Subproject PMOs will be responsible for organizing the information dissemination and public consultations, with the support of the environmental specialists and social safeguard specialists of the loan implementation consultancy. The contractors will be required to communicate and consult with the communities in the project area of influence, especially those near the project rivers, the WTP, road alignments, and transportation routes. The IAs will disseminate project information through local radio and TV prior to construction. Eye-catching public notice boards will be set up at each site to inform on the purpose of the project activity, the duration of disturbance, the responsible entities on-site (contractors, CSCs, IAs), and the project level Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). Contact information of all GRM entry points and the Project Public Complaints Unit‘s (PPCU) will be disclosed on the construction site information boards. Consultation will focus on public complaints about public nuisances from construction activities, such as noise, odor nuisance, dust, traffic disturbance, as well as public concerns about the environment and resettlement.

517. Future consultation and participation will also include (i) involvement of affected

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people during inspection and monitoring of EMP implementation during construction and operation phases; (ii) participatory evaluation on the environmental and social-economic benefits and impacts; and (iii) consultation with the public after the project completion.

518. The project‘s environmental information will be disclosed by ADB as follows: (i) This project EIA will be available for review at www.adb.org for 120 days before ADB Board consideration; (ii) Copies of the domestic EIAs (in Chinese) are available on request in the CMPMO office; and, (iii) Environment progress and monitoring reports will be prepared on a semi-annual basis and will be disclosed on ADB‘s project website (www.adb.org).

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VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

519. A grievance redress mechanism (GRM) has been defined in compliance with ADB‘s SPS (2009) requirement to prevent and address community concerns and assist the project to maximize environmental and social benefits. In addition to serving as a platform to resolve grievances, the GRM has been designed to help achieve the following objectives: (i) open channels for effective communication, including the identification of new environmental issues of concern arising from the project; (ii) prevent and mitigate any adverse environmental impacts on communities caused by project implementation and operations; (iii) improve mutual trust and respect and promote productive relationships with local communities; and (iv) build community acceptance of the project.

520. The GRM will be accessible to diverse members of the community, including more vulnerable groups such as women and youth. Multiple points of entry, including face-to-face meetings, written complaints, telephone conversations, or e-mail, will be available. Opportunities for confidentiality and privacy for complainants will be honored where this is seen as important.

A. Current Practice in the PRC

521. Decree No. 431 Regulation on Letters and Visits, issued by the State Council of PRC in 2005, codifies a complaint acceptance mechanism at all levels of government and protects the complainants from retaliation. Moreover, based on the regulation (Decree No. 431), former State Environmental Protection Administration published updated Measures on Environmental Letters and Visits (Decree No. 34) in 2006.

522. As the current practice, when residents or organizations are negatively affected by project activities, they may complain to the contractors and IUs by themselves or through their community committee; others may complain directly to the district EPB or municipal EPB before they finally appeal to the court. Among the agencies involved, the local EPB takes the leading coordination role in dealing with the environmental complains from the public.

523. In case of problems during construction, affected people usually complain to the contractors first, if they believe the construction activity is the source of the problem. If the response of the contractor is unsatisfactory, affected people will contact the local EPB or the local government. The EPB then usually consults with the EA and IU and/or environmental supervision engineers to develop project understanding. This kind of fact finding or site investigation is usually time-consuming, thus delaying the mediation process. The major weaknesses of the current system are: (i) the lack of a specialized unit to address grievances; and (ii) no specific timeframe for the redress of grievances.

B. Proposed Mechanism

524. The Chongqing Municipal PMO (CPMO) will establish a Project Public Complaint Unit (PPCU). The PPCU will instruct contractors and construction supervisors (CSCs) to not ignore, but be receptive, if people complain about the project, and to pass the complaints to the PPCU. The PPCU will coordinate with the IUs, local PMOs at district and county level (LPMO) and local EPBs, if necessary, and will be supported by the environmental consultants of the loan implementation consultancy services (LIEC).

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525. When construction starts, a sign will be erected at each construction site providing the public with updated project information and summarizing the grievance redress mechanism process including details of the GRM entry points. The contact persons for different GRM entry points, such as IUs, LPMOs, contractors, local EPB will be identified prior to construction. Each contractor will also assign an environment, health and safety officer (EHSO). The contact details for the entry points (e.g. phone numbers, addresses, e-mail addresses, etc.) will be publicly disseminated on information boards at construction sites and on the website of the local government. The proposed GRM is shown in Figure VIII.1.

526. The PPCU will establish a GRM tracking and documentation system. The system will include the following elements: (i) tracking forms and procedures for gathering information from project personnel and complainant(s); (ii) dedicated staff to update the database routinely; (iii) systems with the capacity to analyze information so as to recognize grievance patterns, identify any systemic causes of grievances, promote transparency, publicize how complaints are being handled, and periodically evaluate the overall functioning of the mechanism; (iv) processes for informing stakeholders about the status of a case; and (v) procedures to retrieve data for reporting purposes, including the periodic reports to the CPMO, the IUs and LPMOs, and ADB.

C. Types of Grievances Expected and Eligibility Assessment

527. Public grievances addressed by the GRM will most likely relate to environmental issues during the construction phase, as consultations with potentially affected people conducted during project preparation confirmed their basic support to the project and incorporated suggestions. Grievances will most likely include damage to public roads due to heavy vehicle operation and transportation of heavy equipment and materials; disturbance of traffic and increased traffic congestion; dust emissions; construction noise; soil erosion; inappropriate disposal of waste materials; damage to private houses; safety measures for the protection of the general public and construction workers; water quality deterioration; etc.

528. Once a complaint is received and filed, the PPCU will identify if complaints are eligible. Eligible complaints include those where (i) the complaint pertains to the project; and (ii) the issues arising in the complaint fall within the scope of environmental issues that the GRM is authorized to address. Ineligible complaints include those where: (i) the complaint is clearly not project-related; (ii) the nature of the issue is outside the mandate of the environmental GRM (such as issues related to resettlement, allegations of fraud or corruption); and (iii) other procedures are more appropriate to address the issue. Complaints illegible to the project or the environmental GRM will be recorded and passed onto relevant authorities. If an eligible complaint is rejected, the complainant will be informed of the decision and the reasons for rejection.

D. GRM Procedure and Timeframe

529. The procedure and timeframe for the grievance redress mechanism are described as follows (see Figure VIII.1). The three stages are represented by different colors in the flow diagram:

(i) Stage 1: If a concern arises during construction, the affected person or group will submit a written or oral complaint to the contractor (or the contractor‘s environment health and safety officer or any onsite construction personnel). Whenever possible, the contractor will resolve the issue directly with the affected person. The contractor will give a clear reply within one week. If successful, the

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contractor will inform the concerned IU, LPMO and the PPCC accordingly.

(ii) Stage 2: If no appropriate solution can be found, the contractor has the obligation to forward the complaint to the PPCU within five (5) working days. The complainant may also decide to submit a written or oral complaint to the PPCU, either directly or via one of the GRM entry points (IU, LPMO, local EPB). For an oral complaint, proper written records must be made. The PPCU will assess the eligibility of the complaint, identify the solution and provide a clear reply for the complainant within five (5) working days. The environment consultants of the loan implementation consultancy service will assist the PPCU in replying to the affected person, if requested to do so. The PPCU will also inform the ADB project team and submit all relevant documents. Meanwhile, the PPCU will timely convey the complaint/grievance and suggested solution to the contractors or operators of facilities as well as the complainant. The contractors during construction and the operators during operation will implement the agreed upon redress solution and report the outcome to the PPCU within seven (7) working days.

(iii) Stage 3: In case no solution can be identified by the PPCU, or the complainant is not satisfied with the proposed solution, the PPCU will organize, within two (2) weeks, a multi-stakeholder hearing (meeting) involving all relevant stakeholders (including the complainant, contractor, facility operator, local EPBs, CPMO, IU). The hearing shall identify a solution acceptable to all, and formulate an action plan. The contractors during construction and the operator during operation will implement the agreed-upon redress solution and report the outcome to the PPCU within the agreed upon timeframe.

530. The PPCU shall accept complaints/grievances free of charge. Any cost incurred should be covered by the contingency of the project. The grievance procedures will remain valid throughout the duration of project construction and until project closure.

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Note: AP = affected person, EPB = environmental protection bureau, LIEC = loan implementation environmental consultant; CPMO = Chongqing Project Management Office; IU = Implementing Unit; LMPO = Local PMO (established for each project component).

Figure VIII.1: Concept of Proposed GRM

During

Construction

During

Operation

Grievances/Complaints by APs, Groups or Institutions

Contractor/Operator

Solution

Found

Project Public Complaint Unit (PPCU) under CPMO

Oral or written

complaint

Inform if solved;

Forward if not solved

Oral or written

complaint

Consult LIEC, CPMO, IU, LPMO

and contractor, identify solution, get

complainant‘s consent

Contractor Operator

Solution not found

Solution

found

Solution

found

Forward

Conduct multi-stakeholder

meeting (contractor, CPMO, IU,

LPMO, complainant, EPB, LIEC),

identify solution and action plan.

ADB will participate if necessary.

Local EPB, IU, LPMO

Record complaint, assess eligibility

of complaint, inform relevant

stakeholders, including ADB

Implement Solution

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

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IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN A. Introduction

531. The environmental management plan (EMP) covers all phases of project implementation from preparation through commissioning and operation of all subprojects, and it aims to ensure the monitoring of environmental impacts and activation of environmental mitigation measures. Relevant parts of the EMP will be incorporated into the construction, operation, and management of each sub-component.

532. Environmental protection measures will (i) mitigate environmental impacts, (ii) achieve compliance with national environmental regulations and ADB safeguard requirements, (iii) provide compensation or offsets for lost environmental resources, and (iv) enhance environmental resources.

533. Environmental monitoring will be carried out and the results will be used to evaluate the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts and the performance of the environmental protection measures or compliance with related rules and regulations.

B. EMP implementation Responsibilities

1. Responsibilities of local authorities

534. The Project Administration Manual (PAM) provides the institutional organization for the Project illustrated in Table IX-1 below. In this table, the responsibilities related primarily to the environmental management of the Project are listed.

Table IX-1: Institutional Responsibilities for Environmental Management

Project implementation organizations

Environmental Management Roles and Responsibilities

Executing Agency (EA) – Chongqing Municipal Government

Overall policy and direction control. Loan negotiation.

Project Leading Group (PLG)

Provide policy guidance and coordination,

Chongqing Project Management Office (CPMO) -

Supervision and overall management to ensure smooth implementation of the Project

Supervision of the work of the Local PMOs;

Procurement of Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) to assist in supervision, tracking and reporting on EMP implementation of all subprojects;

Procurement of external environment monitor (EEM) to conduct external environmental effect monitoring and EMP compliance verification.

Packaging of environmental monitoring reports prepared by the subproject PMOs and submission of them to ADB;

Establishment of a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) with a dedicated Project Complaints Coordinating Unit (PCCU).

Implementing Agencies (IAs)

Establishing LPMOs and overseeing LPMO activities. Limited ongoing role.

Subproject Project Leading Groups Provide local policy guidance on a subproject-by-subproject basis

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Project implementation organizations

Environmental Management Roles and Responsibilities

Local PMOs (LPMOs)

Overall guidance and support to the preparation and implementation of the subprojects

Nominate staff to act as environmental coordinator;

Preparation of final environmental management plan (EMP) relating to each subproject;

In conjunction with IUs, and with the assistance of Design Institutes, incorporation of EMP into bidding documents for construction contractors;

Supervision of the implementation units responsible for implementing the EMP;

Act as a local entry point for the Project GRM and deal with/refer complaints to the PCCU;

Participation in capacity building and training programs

Implementing Units (IU) - State-owned companies.

Ensuring successful implementation of the relevant subproject components

Establish environment management units (EMU);

In conjunction with Local PMOs, preparation of final environmental management plan (EMP) relating to each subproject; and incorporation of EMP into bidding documents for construction contractors;

Tracking of the EMP implementation and semi-annual reporting to the Chongqing PMO;

Procurement and management of construction supervision companies (CSC) required for subproject implementation in accordance with People’s Republic of China (PRC) and ADB procedures and regulations;

Execution of the approved environmental management plan (EMP);

Participation in capacity building and training programs;

Commissioning of the constructed facilities.

Facility Operators

Ensuring successful ongoing operation and maintenance of the relevant subproject components

In conjunction with IUs, commissioning of the constructed facilities

O&M of completed facilities, including environmental management, monitoring and reporting responsibilities.

Source: PAM

535. The Chongqing Project Management Office (CPMO) has the responsibility of co-ordination and overall supervision of Project Implementation. The CPMO will co-ordinate and assist the implementation of the EMP by the Local Project Management Offices (LPMOs) and the Implementing Units (IUs).

536. In the design stage, the LPMOs and the IUs will update the EMP, and pass it to design institutes to incorporate mitigation measures in the detailed designs. The EMP will then be passed on to construction contractors through the bidding process. To ensure that the contractors comply with the EMP‘s provisions, the LPMOs and IUs with the help and technical support of the loan implementation environmental consultant (LIEC), will prepare and provide the following specification clauses for incorporation into the bidding procedures: (i) a list of environmental management requirements to be budgeted by the bidders in their proposals; (ii) environmental clauses for contractual terms and conditions; and (iii) major items in domestic EIAs, the project EIA and the EMP. The IUs will prepare semi-annual environment progress reports, which will be consolidated by the CPMO (with the support of the LIEC) and submitted to ADB semi-annually for approval and disclosure.

537. Each IU will form an environmental management unit (EMU) to coordinate

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environmental issues associated with each subproject on behalf of the IU. The EMU will take charge of (i) coordinating the implementation of the EMP and developing implementation details; (ii) supervising the implementation of mitigation measures during construction; (iii) coordinating construction supervision companies (CSCs); (iv) implementing training programs for contractors; (v) incorporating environmental management, monitoring, and mitigation measures into the construction and operation management plans; (vi) reporting on the EMP performance to the Local PMOs and CPMO (semi-annually); and (vii) responding to any adverse impact beyond those foreseen in the EIA reports.

538. The LPMOs will nominate one staff to act as environmental coordinator to check the overall implementation of environmental management provisions of the EMP. Construction contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures, and conducting internal environmental monitoring. The contractors may contract local environmental monitoring centers (EMC) to conduct internal environment effect monitoring during construction.

539. During the operational phase, the local EPBs and the LPMOs will supervise the environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures by the subproject operators. The cost of mitigation measures in this phase will be borne by the relevant facility operators.

540. The CMG will provide the IUs with financial and management autonomy to operate project facilities. Since the IUs have limited capacity for environmental management, relevant training has been arranged, which has been summarized in Table IX-8 below.

2. Role of the Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC)

541. Loan Implementation Environmental Consultants (LIEC) will be contracted by the Chongqing PMO (CPMO) to provide assistance during the pre-construction, construction and initial operational periods. The LIEC should be contracted as soon as possible after loan approval so that the LIEC can assist in the important pre-construction activities listed in the EMP. The LIEC will advise the CPMO, the LPMOs, the IUs and contractors on all aspects of environmental management and monitoring for the Project. The LIEC will (i) assist EA and CPMO to design the PPMS in terms of environmental management, and assess project readiness based on the indicators defined in Table IX-3; (ii) assist CPMO, LPMOs and IUs to update the EMP and environmental monitoring program; (iii) review the Site Environmental Management and Supervision Manual, the Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan, and the Site Environmental Health and Safety Plan; (iv) prepare the semi-annual environmental monitoring report on behalf of CPMO; (vi) provide training to LPMOs and IUs on environmental management implementation and monitoring and assist in the preparation of training materials; (vii) identify any environment-related implementation issues and necessary corrective actions and reflect these in a corrective action plan; and (viii) undertake site visits as required.

3. Role of External Environmental Monitor (EEM)

542. In response to ADB‘s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009), the environment performance of the project will be monitored and verified by an external, qualified environmental monitor. The external environmental monitor (EEM) will be employed by the CPMO using proceeds from the loan. The EEM will (i) verify internal monitoring and EMP progress reports submitted by the contractors; (ii) conduct external environmental effect monitoring in accordance with the approved monitoring plan (Table IX-5); (iii) conduct its

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own investigation by visiting the project sites; (iv) identify any environment-related implementation issues and EMP compliance issues and necessary corrective actions; and (v) prepare an semi-annual external environmental monitoring and EMP compliance verification report for ADB and the client.

C. Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

543. Table IX-2 summarizes the potential impacts and environment safeguard issues of the sub-components during pre-construction, construction and operation as identified by the environmental impact assessment (EIA), as well as corresponding mitigation measures designated to minimize those impacts and address these issues. Each subproject IU has prepared environmental management sections in the sub-component EIAs covering the components within their jurisdiction. These have been integrated into a consolidated EMP and environmental monitoring plan in this chapter covering all subproject sectors and settings (see Tables IX-2 and IX-5).

544. The following mitigation measures will be incorporated into tender documents, construction contracts, and site management plans. The effectiveness of these measures will be carefully watched via the environmental monitoring to determine whether to continue them or to make improvements.

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Table IX-2: Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Item/Media Environmental

Issues and Impacts

Mitigation Measures and/or Safeguards Who Implements Who Supervises Costs**

Pre-construction

1.1 Feasibility and Design stage

Site/alignment selections

The recommended sites for the individual sub-components were selected from various alternatives to minimize adverse impacts on the environment.

IUs, LDI and PPTA team

IU, local EPB* Included in the FS Stage

EIA reports

As required by law, ensure EIA has been prepared for each subproject.

EIA Institutes and PPTA team on behalf of IUs

IUs, local EPB* Included in the FS and Design Stages

Public consultations

Meaningful consultation conducted in each county on environmental issues, poverty, resettlement and the Grievance Redress Mechanism during the project design and EIA preparation.

IUs, EIA institutes, PPTA team

IUs, ADB Included in the FS Stage

Climate Change planning and design

During final design, ensure that component designs have addressed adaptations to the additional climate change scenarios provided by the CCIA report for Chongqing. In particular: (i) the risk of landslide and geological disasters for project roads will require specific safeguard measures including mountain protective installations and side slope protective screening; (ii) more attention should be paid to the non-structural measures for flood management due to the increasing frequency of extreme flood events.

LDIs, IUs LPMOs and CPMO Included in the FS and Design Stages

Resettlement Plans

As required by law, prepare RPs for the Project in each subproject locality to required ADB and PRC standards. i. Establish a resettlement office comprising local government officials

to manage the resettlement process. ii. Conduct community consultation programs and ensure information

is disseminated about entitlement based on the Land Administration Law.

iii. Ensure that all relocation and resettlement activities are reasonably completed before construction starts on any subproject.

LDIs, IUs and PPTA team

LPMOs and CPMO Included in the RP

For all Components

For Road Sub-Components only

For Flood Management Components only

For Water Supply Component only

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Item/Media Environmental Issues and Impacts


iv. Include provisions for households suffering economic displacement through new landfill controls.

SEPP Preparation Ensure Soil Erosion Prevention Plans (SEPP) prepared in accordance with PRC law and regulation

LDIs, IUs Local Water Resource Bureaus

Included in the FS and Design Stages

1.2 Implementation Support

Establishment of implementation support positions

Contracting a Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC); Contracting an External Environment Monitor (EEM)

CPMO

LPG, ADB

Included in overall project costs

Contracting CSCs LPMOs CPMO Included in the Detail Design Stage

Establishment of environmental units at different levels of supervision

Nomination/appointment of environmental coordinators in PMO. Establishment of EMUs in each IU with appropriately skilled staff.

LPMOs, IUs, CPMO, LIEC Included in the Detail Design Stage

Preparation of Emergency Response Plans

Ensure the existence of local Emergency Response Plans for the operating period of all subproject facilities which fall within the framework of County/District and Municipal Emergency Planning. Contents should include: i. Coverage ii. Organization iii. Level of emergency and response iv. Response and rescue tools v. Early warning and communication vi. Inspection and monitoring vii. Containment and cleanup viii. Evacuation ix. Termination and restoration x. Training xi. Public education and information

LPMOs, IUs, EA, CPMO Government programs

1.3 Construction Preparation Stage

Updating EMP

Mitigation measures defined in this EMP will be updated and incorporated into the detailed design to minimize adverse environmental impacts. In case of major change of project location (or additional physical component) that may cause substantial environmental impacts or

LDIs, LPMOs, IUs

CPMO, LIEC, local EPB*, ADB

Included in the Detail Design Stage

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involve additional affected people, IU should form an EIA team to conduct additional environmental assessment and also public consultation. The revised EIA reports should be submitted to relevant EPB and ADB for approval and disclosure. To determine whether the change is minor or major, CPMO and LPMO should consult with ADB.

Incorporate the provisions of the emergency response plans for road accidents involving hazardous materials into the updated EMP

LDIs, LPMOs, IUs

CPMO, LIEC, local EPB*


Land-take confirmation

RP will be updated and incorporated into the detailed design. LDIs, LPMOs, IUs



Contract documents

i. Prepare environment section in the terms of reference for bidders. ii. Prepare environmental contract clauses for contractors, namely the

special conditions (e.g., reference to EMP and monitoring table).

LDIs, LPMOs, IUs


Included in the Detail Design stage

Provide comprehensive and responsive complaints process

i. Development and implementation of Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)

ii. Establishment of PPCU within CPMO. iii. Identify GRM entry points and brief them on their role.

CPMO, IUs, local EPBs, LPMOs

CPMO, LIEC, ADB

Construction site planning

i. Preparation of Site Environmental Management and Supervision Manual, including an emergency preparedness and response plan for construction emergencies,

ii. Development of site environmental health and safety plan for approval by the IUs.

Head contractor for each subproject

IUs, LIEC Included in construction contracts

Environmental Screening of New Construction Site

i. Each contractor will complete environmental screening of any new access road and provide a list of necessary mitigation measures.

ii. Prepare a sketch map of all existing roads to be used as access routes to construction sites.

Contractors, IUs LPMOs Included in the Detail Design Stage

Environmental Protection Training

Environmental specialists and/or officials from local EPBs will be invited to provide training on implementation and supervision of environmental mitigation measures to contractors.

IUs, local EPBs LIEC, LPMOs EMP costs. See Table IX-7

1.4 Ancillary sites and construction support preparation

Borrow pits and spoil disposal sites identified and approved by EPB

Spoil disposal sites and borrow pit locations will be defined in the construction tender documents, subject to approval by the local EPBs, and selected using the following criteria: i. Siting to minimize transportation and the need for temporary

storage; ii. Siting to avoid potential flood areas or floodways; iii. Sites to be small, and have no encroachment on cultivated land or

forestland;

IUs, LDIs Local EPB* Included in the Detail Design stage

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iv. Design of spoil disposal sites to be concave land, gullies or gentle slopes.

Bridge designs to minimize hydrological impacts

i. Design bridges and culverts with an adequate hydraulic opening to ensure effective flood discharge capacity (100-year flood)

DI, IUs LPMOs Included in the Detail Design stage

Traffic management planning

Prepare Traffic Management Plan for each road subproject. Plan to include: i. Selecting haulage routes to reduce disturbance to regular traffic

(where possible). ii. Diverting or limiting construction traffic at peak traffic hours. iii. Siting and management of interim tracks to avoid traffic

problems. iv. Blocking and reinstating interim tracks to original condition on

completion of construction. v. Maintain adequate traffic control measures throughout the

duration of the Contract and such measures shall be subject to prior approval of IUs;

vi. Carefully and clearly mark pedestrian-safe access routes;

vii. If school children are in the vicinity, include traffic safety

personnel to direct traffic during school hours; viii. Maintain a supply for traffic signs (including paint, easel, sign

material, etc.), road marking, and guard rails to maintain pedestrian safety during construction

Contractors IU, local Traffic Bureau

Included in construction contracts

Flood warnings Ensure the existence of formalized Flood Warning systems and Flood Emergency Response plans in the flood management subproject localities for the Longtan, Rongfeng and Wu Rivers.

IAs, County Governments

CPMO Included in the Detail Design stage. Government programs.

Embankment Safety and Function

i. During the design phase, confirm the stability of the embankment edges and locate any unstable slopes;

ii. Investigate connections between unstable rock bodies and unstable slope edges/foundations.

DIs IUs Included in the Detail Design stage

Water Security i. Obtain water permit in compliance with ―Management System of Water Permit‖ (Ministry of Water Resources Order No. 34) and ―Chongqing Municipality Water Permit Management System‖ (Chongqing Government Document No. 158).

DI and IU CMG Included in the Detail Design stage

i. Establish water source protection zones, in compliance with the requirements stipulated in the ―protected zoning of Chongqing

DI and IU Municipal Water resources Bureau

Included in the Detail Design

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Municipality drinking water source‖ stage

Construction

2.1 Water Wastewater from construction camps

i. Latrines and seepage pits will be installed in any camps. After project completion, the sites will be vacated only after waste has been effectively treated or removed.

Contractors IU, local EPB* EEM

EMP costs. See Table IX-7

Construction wastewater from washing aggregates, pouring and curing concrete, machinery repairs

i. Settling ponds, oil-water separators. ii. Recycled water will be used to spray for dust control. iii. Residue will be removed from site and disposed in municipal

landfills.



Groundwater leakage caused by tunneling

A detailed geological investigation shall be conducted before the start of the construction. A detailed plan must be made in advance for the prevention and control of water leakage and grouting method will be used to deal with water seepage.



Silt-rich wastewater from tunneling

Wastewater from tunnelling will be collected in sediment tanks, retention ponds, and filter tanks to remove silts and oil, and then be reused for the tunnelling operations.



Handling of hazardous and harmful materials

i. A construction materials handling and disposal protocol that includes spill responses will be a part of the Site Environmental Management Supervision Manual and will be applied to prevent soil and surface/ground water pollution.

ii. Construction of storage facilities (including fuel and oil storage), with bunds and clean-up equipment.

iii. Fuel supplier is properly licensed and follows the proper protocol for transferring of fuel and in compliance with JT 3145-88 (Transportation, Loading and Unloading of Dangerous or Harmful Goods).

iv. Vehicles and equipment are properly parked in designated areas to prevent contamination of soil and surface water.

v. Vehicle, machinery, and equipment maintenance and refueling will be carried out so that spilled materials do not seep into the soil or into water bodies.

vi. Fuel storage and refilling areas will be located at least 300 m from drainage structures and important water bodies.

vii. Oil traps will be provided for service areas, and parking areas.



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Hydrological impacts and flooding at bridge/culvert construction sites

i. Culvert and bridge pier constructions will be conducted during the dry season (from October to next May), and construction during the rainy season shall be prohibited.


In civil works costs

Water Bodies Affected by Embankment and Silt Removal Operations

In-water operations are all designed for dry seasons, and all in-water work areas will be segregated with cofferdams.


In civil works costs

2.2 Air Generation of dust by construction activities

i. Vehicles carrying soil, sand or other fine materials to and from the sites must be covered.

ii. Materials storage sites must be 300 m from residential areas and covered or sprayed with water.

iii. Water will be regularly sprayed on construction sites and access roads.

iv. All roads and tracks used by vehicles of the contractors or any subcontractors or supplier will be kept clean and clear of all dust, mud, or extraneous materials dropped by their construction vehicles.



Air emission from vehicles and equipment

i. Vehicle emissions must be in compliance with PRC-GB18352-2005, GB17691-2005, GB 11340-2005, GB3847-2005, and GB18285-2005.

ii. Equipment and machinery will be maintained to a high standard to ensure efficient running and fuel-burning. High-horsepower equipment will be installed with tail gas purifier to ensure emissions be in compliance with PRC-GB16297-1996.

iii. A regular inspection and certification system must be initiated.



Generation of asphalt flue gas

i. Use modern equipment which complies with the asphalt flue gas standard of GB16297-1966

ii. Locate asphalt mixing stations at least 500m from residences.



2.3 Noise and Vibration

Noise from Vehicles and construction machinery

i. Noise levels from equipment and machinery to conform to PRC-GB12523-90.

ii. Install portable noise shields near sensitive receptors such as schools and residential areas.

iii. At construction sites, noise-generating construction work will be stopped between 2000 and 0600 hours.



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iv. In unexpected cases where construction noise needs to continue into the night, the construction unit must reach an agreement with APs and provide compensation

Tunnel blasting and road cutting blasting impacts

i. The construction unit must consider the safe distance from the shot point to people, inhabited buildings and other sensitive receivers in need of protection and exercise strict control over explosive load and type to avoid accidental impacts.

ii. Prohibit blasting in road sections near cultural relics


Work practices

Protection of physical cultural relics from vibration and other construction impacts

i. To avoid any false claims, contractors will document cultural relics in the project area of influence prior to start of construction to ensure that a true record of their pre-construction condition is kept.

ii. Install vibration monitoring equipment at cultural relic sites along Shizhu road subproject.

iii. Local cultural relic protection staff to inspect all phases of work in Shizhu road and Youyang flood management subprojects and advise on on-site impact mitigation measures

iv. Establish chance-finds procedures for undiscovered underground cultural or historic sites

Contractors, local cultural relic protection bureaus

IU, LPMO EEM


2.4 Solid wastes

Domestic waste from construction camps

i The contractors will provide appropriate waste storage containers. ii Trash collection bins will be regularly sprayed with pesticides to

reduce flies. iii Wastes will be stored away from water bodies and will be regularly

hauled to a suitable landfill or designated dumping site. iv Agreements will be signed with local authorities for waste disposal,

where appropriate, through local facilities and to approved disposal sites.



Construction wastes could have adverse impacts on surrounding environments.

Construction wastes that cannot be reused will be regularly transported off-site for disposal, and not allowed to accumulate on site over long periods.



2.5 Soil erosion and stability

Erosion from construction sites

The following safeguards will be implemented for all construction-related earthworks: i. Construct interception ditches and drains to prevent runoff entering

construction sites, and divert runoff from sites to existing drainage. ii. Limit construction and material handling during periods of rains and

high winds. iii. Stabilize all cut slopes, embankments, and other erosion-prone

working areas while works are going on. iv. All earthwork disturbance areas shall be stabilized within 30 days



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after earthworks have ceased at the sites. v. Preserve existing vegetation where no construction activity is

planned.

Erosion from spoil disposal sites and operation of borrow pits

i. Strip and stockpile topsoil from new sites. ii. Provide temporary detention ponds or containment to control silt

runoff. iii. Construct intercepting ditches and drains to prevent outside runoff

entering disposal sites, and divert runoff from sites. iv. Rehabilitate terrain contours and revegetate borrow pits at

completion of use.



Erosion of banks and sedimentation of watercourses during bridge construction

i. Embankment and pier constructions during the dry season only; ii. slopes on both sides of bridges and culverts will be protected

through the planting of grass and stabilizing vegetation; iii. Slurry from pile drilling will be pumped to shore and properly

disposed of; iv. Pier construction in the water bodies will be planned and laid out

to ensure adequate opening for water flow.



Spoil from tunnel construction

Spoil disposal sites near tunnel portals will be identified and approved before tunneling commences. Sites will be operated according to EMP spoil disposal site prescriptions and on completion will be recontoured and vegetated.



Handling and disposal of dredge spoil

Confirm quality of sludge against GB4284-84 and GB15618-95 to ensure safe disposal.



Pollution from sediment-rich slurry from pile driving in river beds

Slurry will be detained in settlement ponds. Water will be recycled and silt tested for quality for reuse or disposal.



2.6 Ecological values

Protection of Nature Reserve values

In the construction of the road section in Fuling District near the Damu Nature Reserve, the contractor must proceed in close consultation with the Nature Reserve Management Office to ensure that day-to-day activities do not impact on important flora and fauna values. i. Minimize construction area; ii. Environmental training especially fire prevention training should be

provided to construction workers; iii. No tree is allowed to be cut out of ROW;

Contractor, IU Damu Nature Reserve Management Office, LPMO


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iv. No borrow and spoil is allowed within the NR area; v. It is prohibited to hunt wild animals. Limit night construction

activities such as lightning and noise to reduce disturbing animals

Replacement of lost vegetation

i. In compliance with the PRC‘s forestry law, IU will undertake compensatory planting of an equivalent or larger area of affected forest trees.

ii. The re-vegetation will comprise a selection of species that are suitable for this area and have the most appropriate attributes to survive and serve their designated functions.

iii. New plantings will be maintained during the operation period.

Contractors, IU IU, local EPB*, FB EMP costs. See Table IX-7

2.7 Social and Cultural

Resettlement of affected persons

All affected persons will be resettled in a timely and adequate manner, in accordance with the Resettlement Plan.

IU LPMOs Included in the RPs

Compensation of lost assets

All affected persons will be compensated in a timely and adequate manner, in accordance with the Resettlement Plan.

IU LPMOs Included in the RPs

Traffic management – all projects

i. Selecting haulage routes to reduce disturbance to regular traffic (where possible).

ii. Diverting or limiting construction traffic at peak traffic hours.

Contractors, IU IU, Traffic authorities EMP costs. See Table IX-7

Traffic management – road subprojects

i. Siting and management of interim tracks to avoid traffic problems. ii. Blocking and reinstating interim tracks to original condition on

completion of construction. iii. Half phase construction method should be adopted to allow local

traffic during construction

Contractors, IU IU, Traffic authorities EMP costs. See Table IX-7

Community safety i. Advance notice of construction will be published before the construction through radio and TV.

ii. Construction billboards, which include construction contents, schedule, responsible person and complaint phone number, will be erected at each construction site.

Contractors, IU IU, Traffic authorities, EEM


Work camp health and hygiene

i. Contractors will be required to safeguard environmental hygiene in the construction camps, including the quality of water supplies.

ii. All construction sites must provide the necessary personal protective equipment and other resources to create a safe working environment.

iii. Construction site operations must comply with PRC‘s State Administration of Worker Safety Laws and Regulations.

iv. An education program for HIV/AIDS and STDs will be implemented concurrently with the project implementation.

Contractors, IU IU, Local and/or Chongqing Health Bureau, EEM

Construction costs

Construction site i. At all times during construction, the contractor will provide safe and Contractors IU, local EPB*, EEM In civil

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safety convenient passages for vehicles, pedestrians, and livestock to and from side roads

ii. The Contractor's responsibilities include the protection of every person and nearby property from construction accidents. The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with all national and local safety requirements and any other measures necessary to avoid accidents, including the following:

iii. Provide personal protective equipment and clothing (goggles, gloves, respirators, dust masks, hard hats, steel-toed boots) for construction workers and enforce their use;

iv. During heavy rains or emergencies of any kind, suspend all work; v. Brace electrical and mechanical equipment to withstand seismic

events during the construction. vi. Present details regarding maximum permissible vehicular speed on

each section of road; vii. Establish safe sight distance in both construction areas and

construction camp sites; viii. Place signs around the construction areas to facilitate traffic

movement, provide directions to various components of the works, and provide safety advice and warnings.

construction costs

Cultural, physical and natural heritage protection

i. Cultural heritage values will be preserved where identified. In accordance with PRC regulations, no person shall destroy, damage, deface, conceal, or otherwise interfere with a relic.

ii. In case an important site is unearthed, work should be stopped immediately and the matter promptly referred to the local Cultural Relics Preservation Bureau for evaluation and decision on appropriate actions.

Contractors IU, Local Cultural Relics Preservation Office

Included in construction costs

Cultural, physical and natural heritage protection, Shizhu road subproject

At the construction site near the Changling Watchtower in the Shizhu road subproject, the following safeguards will be applied: i. No construction activities, disturbance, stockpiling or

vehicle/machinery use will be undertaken on the tower side of the road alignment;

ii. Jackhammers and generators will not be operated within 100m of the tower outer wall; and

iii. All work near the site will be supervised by staff of the local Cultural Relics Protection Office.

IU, LPMO Cultural Relics Preservation Office

Included in construction costs and contingency

Ancient trees along Fuling road component

i. Locate, identify and protect all ancient and significant trees along the alignment of Fuling road components with temporary fencing and education of workforce.

ii. Avoid compaction of root zone by vehicle operation too close.

Contractor, IU Local forest bureaus and Cultural Relics Preservation Office

Included in construction costs

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iii. Undertake environmental education for construction personnel to increase awareness and change behavior about rare and endangered plant and animal species

Cultural, physical and natural heritage protection, Longtan Ancient Town

At the construction site along the western bank of the Longtan River, adjacent to Longtan Ancient Town, in the Youyang Flood Management subproject, the following safeguards will be applied: i. No construction activities, disturbance, stockpiling or

vehicle/machinery use will be undertaken in the old town precinct; ii. Riverside dock structures to be carefully protected; and iii. All work riverside and riverbank work adjacent to Longtan Ancient

Town will be supervised by staff of the local Cultural Relics Protection Office.

IU, LPMO Cultural Relics Preservation Office

Included in construction costs and contingency

2.9 Unexpected environmental impacts

If unexpected environmental impacts occur during project construction phase, the IUs will update the EMP, and environmental protection measures will be designed and resources will be utilized to cope with these impacts

IU LPMOs, EEM Included in construction costs and contingency

Operation

3.1 Air Exhaust emissions from predicted traffic volumes on roads

i. Speed limiting signs and enforcement ii. Air pollution monitoring iii. Road vehicle inspections to ensure compliance with exhaust

emission codes.

IU and Operators, local TBs

Local EPB Included in operational costs

Ensure future developments of sensitive receivers to vehicle pollutants (hospitals, schools, nursing homes) are not built within 200m of subproject roads

County/District and City Planning Departments

CMG n/a

3.2 Noise Noise from increasing traffic volumes on Project roads

i. Increase control of vehicle noise, including the installation of effective mufflers;

ii. Traffic and parking management to avoid noise produced by stop-and-start driving and traffic jams

iii. Driving speed limitations iv. Large and heavily loaded vehicles forbidden during night time v. Signs and public education to reduce use of horn vi. Road maintenance and timely repair of damaged road pavements vii. Noise monitoring at regular intervals to check compliance

IUs and Operators, EMCs

Local EPBs Included in operational costs

Noise impact from traffic on sensitive receptors along Chengkou roads

Before implementation of the project an additional analysis of predicted noise levels at these sites is required in order to specify and quantify the noise mitigation measures required. These will include:

i) Noise barriers and/or noise insulation windows and ventilators on buildings;

ii) Low-noise pavement materials; iii) Trees and shrubs will be planted as soon as possible after

IUs and Operators LPMOs, Local EPB EMP costs. See Table IX-7

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construction along the right-of-way

Traffic noise impact on future developments

Exercise town planning controls to ensure future developments of sensitive receivers to vehicle noise (hospitals, schools, nursing homes) are not built within 200m of road centerlines to prevent noise impacts on these facilities in the future.

County/ District and City Planning Departments

CMG n/a

Noise produced during water treatment (mechanical equipment )

i. Design and implement noise absorbing, noise reduction, noise insulation and vibration reduction measures during operation. Adopt low noise level equipments.

ii. Establish noise barriers in the form of extensive and dense landscape planting at the WTP boundary on the eastern and western sides.

IU and Operators Local EPB Included in design and operating costs

3.3 Water Safeguard water quality output from WTP

i. Lab equipment setup to be installed to test 36 standard parameters..

ii. Build emergency warning system and equip with water source online monitoring system instruments.

IU and Operators Water Resources Bureau, Local EPB

Included in design and operating costs

Water supply safety

i. Source protection zoning enforced ii. Automated dosing and on-line monitoring to achieve target chlorine

content. iii. Water storage tank will be roofed, vents and overflows will be

meshed, chlorine residual, storage tank walls will be lined with water proof lining The storage tank will be roofed, vents and overflows will be meshed

iv. Backup pumping station and dual power supply provided

IU and Operators Water Resources Bureau, Local EPB

Included in design and operating costs

Flood protection over design flood levels

Use planning controls to exclude hazardous industries and storage, and essential services from the 1 in 100 year flood area.

County governments, LPMOs

PMO, CMG Future planning

3.4 Emergency preparedness and response

Flood warning Update, prepare, establish and implement early flood warning mechanisms for subproject areas and downstream townships.

IUs, Operators County governments County. Municipal funds

Spills of hazardous materials in road accidents

i. Establishment of a road accident emergency command organization;

ii. Establishment of an emergency response plan; iii. Preparation of emergency equipment and training.

IUs and Operators, local Security Bureaus

Local EPBs EMP costs. See Table IX-7

WTP breakdowns An emergency preparedness and response plan will be formulated and put in place before the WTP becomes operational. The emergency preparedness and response plan will address, among other things, training, resources, responsibilities, communication, procedures, and

IU and Operator, Local EPB EMP costs. See Table IX-7

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other aspects required to respond effectively to emergencies.

3.5 Environmental capacity

Insufficient environmental management capacity

Conduct training for environmental management and develop facility and staff setup.

IUs and Operators, County EPB

Local EPBs, LPMOs EMP costs. See Table IX-7

3.6 Unexpected environmental impacts

If unexpected environmental impacts occur during project operation phase, the IU will update the EMP, and environmental protection measures will be designed and resources will be utilized to cope with these impacts

IUs and Operators, LPMOs Included in operational costs

Sources: PPTA Team; Subproject EIAs ADB = Asian Development Bank, EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment, EPB = Environment Protection Bureau, FB = Forestry Bureau, IU = Implementing Unit, LDI = Local Design Institute, CPMO = Chongqing Project Management Office, LPMO = Local Project Management Office, RP = Resettlement Plan, WRB = Water Resources Bureau, WTP = Water Treatment Plant. * Local EPB = County, District or City level EPB as appropriate. ** Feasibility and Design Stage costs not included in Project costs.

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D. Assessment of Project Readiness

545. Before construction, the LIEC will assess the project‘s readiness in terms of environmental management based on a set of indicators (Table IX-3), and report it to ADB the CPMO and the LPMOs. This assessment will demonstrate that environmental commitments are being carried out and environmental management systems are in place before construction starts, or suggest corrective actions to ensure that all requirements are met.

Table IX-3: Project Readiness Assessment Indicators Indicator Criteria Assessment

EIA approval and disclosure

The EIA was approved by ADB, and disclosed on ADB’s project website

All component EIAs approved by relevant EPBs

Yes No

Yes No

Measures during detailed design implemented

Measures defined in Table IX-2, Detailed Design Phase, included in detailed designs for each component

Yes No

EMP update The EMP was updated after detailed design, and

approved by ADB, and disclosed on the project website

Yes No

Compliance with loan covenants

The borrower complies with loan covenants related to project design and environmental management planning

Yes No

Consultation, GRM

The completion and agreements to resettlement plans before the construction

Yes No

Meaningful consultation commenced in early feasibility stage and clear plans for ongoing consultation during implementation.

Yes No

GRM (including PPCU) established and discussed with / disseminated to relevant stakeholders and GRM entry points

Yes No

Environmental Supervision in place

EMU established within IUs

LIEC contracted

EEM contracted

CSCs contracted

Compliance monitoring plan established

Environmental Coordinator of LPMOs identified

Local EPBs fully appraised about the subprojects and the relevant EMP

Yes No

Yes No

Yes No

Yes No

Yes No

Yes No

Yes No

Bidding documents and contracts with

environmental safeguards

Bidding documents and contracts incorporating the environmental activities and safeguards listed as loan assurances

Yes No

Bidding documents and contracts incorporating the impact mitigation and environmental management provisions of the EMP

Yes No

Contractor readiness

Site Environmental Management and Supervision Manual, including an emergency preparedness and response plan and site environmental health and safety plan, established for construction sites – and reviewed by LIEC

Yes No

EMP financial support The required funds have been set aside to support the

EMP implementation according to the financial plan.

Yes No

Sources: PPTA Team

546. During the construction and operation of the Project, negative impacts might occur to the environment; appropriate mitigation measures were defined to avoid or minimize these

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potential impacts. Performance indicators were defined to measure the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Table IX-4 below is a list of indicators that measure the environmental performance of the Project.

Table IX-4: Monitoring Indicators of Mitigation Measures and Their Relevant Standard

Period Subproject Indicators Standard

Construction All Dust Grade II, Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996)

All Noise limits for construction machinery

Construction Noise Limits (GB12523-90)

All Vibration Standard for Urban Area Environmental Vibration (GB10070-88)

Roads Asphalt flue gas Class II Atmospheric Pollutant Emission Standard (GB16297-1996).

Flood protection works

Project affected river water quality (BOD5, DO, COD, and NH3-N)

Class II Surface Water Ambient Quality Standard (GB3838-2002)

Operation Roads CO, PM10 and NO2 Grade II, Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) and EHS guidelines for Air Quality

Roads Noise Class 1, 2 and 4 standards of Noise Environment Quality (GB3096-2008) and EHS targets for operational noise.

Water Supply Source water quality (multiple parameters)

Class II Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB5749-2006) and Drinking Water Standard (CJ3020-93)

Flood protection works

Project affected river water quality (BOD5, DO, COD, and NH3-N)

Class II and III Surface Water Ambient Quality Standard (GB3838-2002)

Sources: PPTA Team; subproject EIAs

E. Environmental Monitoring

1. Monitoring Program

547. The Project monitoring program will focus on the environment within the project‘s area of influence. A detailed consolidated environmental monitoring program is summarized in Table IX-5 below. The program considers the scope of monitoring, monitoring parameters and frequency.

548. Internal environmental inspection/monitoring: Each contractor will assign from its own staff officers for its internal environmental inspection during construction; and the IUs‘ EMUs and facility operators shall be responsible for their internal inspection and monitoring during the operation. At the start of project implementation, the contractors will prepare detailed internal environmental monitoring programs to be implemented during construction. Internal monitoring will be conducted by the contractors 24 and reported to IUs, LPMOs and CPMO quarterly.

549. External monitoring and EMP compliance verification: External monitoring will be conducted by an external environment monitor (EEM) engaged by the CPMO. Monitoring requirements are defined in Table IX-5, including the parameters to be monitored, the

24

Contractors may contract licensed environmental monitoring centers (EMCs), to conduct internal environment effect monitoring during construction.

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numbers and locations of monitoring points, as well as monitoring frequencies and durations. The EEM will also assess and verify internal monitoring conducted by the contractors as well as the contractors, IUs and LPMOs‘ compliance with EMP during project implementation and operation. The EEM will discuss the verification results with the borrower, suggest corrective actions, and reflect external monitoring results and EMP compliance observations in his external environmental monitoring and EMP compliance verification reports, to be submitted semi-annually to CPMO, LPMOs and ADB.

550. Quality assurance (QA) /quality control (QC) for external monitoring. To ensure monitoring accuracy , the QA/QC procedure will be conducted in accordance with the following regulations:

i) Regulations of QA/AC Management for Environmental Monitoring issued by SEPA in July 2006;

ii) QA/QC Manual for Environmental Water Monitoring (Second edition), published by the State Environmental Monitoring Centre in 2001; and

iii) QA/QC Manual for Environmental Air Monitoring published by the State Environmental Monitoring Centre in 2001.

551. The results/data of environmental inspection and monitoring activities will be used to assess: (i) the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts and baseline before the project implementation; (ii) performance or effectiveness of environmental mitigation measures or compliance with pertinent environmental rules and regulations; (iii) trends in impacts; (iv) overall effectiveness of EMP implementation; and (v) the need for additional mitigation measures and corrective actions if non-compliance is observed.

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Table IX-5: Environmental Monitoring Program

For all Subprojects

For Road Subprojects only

For Flood Management only

For Water Supply only

Item Parameters Location Implementing Agency

Supervise Agency

Time and Frequency

Construction

1.1 Work camp domestic wastewater quality

pH, SS, DO, NH3-N, TP, BOD5, CODCr, Total coliform, oil

Internal monitoring will be conducted at all construction sites and domestic wastewater discharge areas. External monitoring will be conducted at selected camp sites.

Internal monitoring: Contractors

IU Random spot check of the domestic wastewater effluent sites (at least quarterly, during peak construction period)

External monitoring: EEM

CPMO At least twice per year

1.2 Construction wastewater and wastewater pollution mitigation measures

pH, SS, Oil Internal monitoring will be conducted at all construction sites. External monitoring will be conducted at selected sites


IU Random spot check of the wastewater effluent sites



1.3 Water quality of nearest water body

pH, SS, DO, NH3N, TP, BOD5, CODCr, Total coliform, oil

Internal monitoring will be conducted at all construction sites. External monitoring will be conducted upstream and downstream of the construction sites


IU Random spot checks



1.4 Water quality of project rivers

SS, DO, NH3N, TP, BOD5, COD

Internal monitoring: 1 point upstream and 2 points downstream of river works


IU Once per month

Effect monitoring: 1 point upstream and 2 points downstream of river works

Effect monitoring: EEM


1.5 Air Air pollution prevention measures

TSP, SOx, NOx Internal monitoring will be conducted at all of the construction sites and sensitive receivers Effect monitoring will be conducted at work sites and sensitive receivers


IU Spot check at the construction sites

Effect monitoring: EEM

CPMO At least twice per year during construction period, two samplings one day at each location each

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Supervise Agency

Time and Frequency

time

1.6 Noise

Leq (dB[A)) Nominated sensitive sites at each subproject


IU Once monthly, one day each time and two samples each day: Once during daytime, once during night time


CPMO At least twice per year, a day each time and two samples each day: Once during daytime, once during night time

1.7 Soil Erosion control measures

Topsoil stockpile, detention ponds construction, intercepting ditches, rehabilitate construction sites

All spoil disposal sites and construction sites


IU Random spot check, in rainy season and at least four times a year

Effect monitoring: Licensed soil erosion monitoring unit

Local EPB Quarterly

Compensatory plantings. Re-vegetation of spoil disposal sites and construction sites.

Disposal sites and, borrow pits

Internal monitoring: Contractors, CSCs

IU Random spot check

Effect monitoring: Licensed soil erosion monitoring unit

Local EPB Quarterly

1.8 Hygiene and disease

Health status Hygiene status Availability of clean water, and medical advice HIV/AIDS awareness

Construction sites and work camps and resettlement areas

Internal monitoring: Contractors, CSCs

IU Random spot check

External monitoring: County and District Epidemic Prevention Departments

Local EPB Once a year

1.9 Cultural relics protection

Vibration levels at protected sites. Physical encroachment of construction activities on protected sites.

Construction control zone around protected sites

Local cultural relics bureau

IU At commencement of construction and at each new phase of construction.

1.10 Nature Reserve

Physical encroachment of construction activities on protected sites. Behaviour and attitudes of construction personnel

Construction sites in or adjoining Nature Reserve areas

Nature Reserve Management Office staff

IU At commencement of construction and at each new phase of construction.

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Supervise Agency

Time and Frequency

Operations: Road, Flood Management and Water Supply Subprojects

2.1 Air and noise

Leq dB(A) 4 monitoring points located at 1m outside of the WTP boundary

Effect monitoring: Facility operator

Local EPB Twice a year

CO, NOx and PM10

At nominated sensitive sites at each subproject


Local EPB Twice a year (high and low dispersion conditions)

Leq dB(A) At nominated

sensitive sites at each subproject


Local EPB Twice a year (day and night)

2.2 Water Multiple parameters as required by GB5749-2006

Monitor intake water quality

WTP Operators Wanzhou Water Resources Bureau, EPB

Continuous as part of WTP operating procedures

Multiple parameters as required by

CJ3020-93

Drinking water quality WTP Operators Wanzhou Water Resources Bureau, EPB

Continuous as part of WTP operating procedures

2.3 Soil and vegetation

Inspect vegetation survival and coverage rate.

Re-vegetation sites (spoil disposal sites, planted road verges, flood embankments and landscaping around WTP)

Internal monitoring: IUs

Local EPB Spot check, once a year

Erosion of embankments and roadside batters.

Regular inspection of embankments and slopes to detect signs of slope instability and ensure re-vegetation. Road drainage structures will be regularly monitored.

Operator Four times per year

2.4 Traffic flow

Vehicle numbers – road use (against predictions)

Subproject roads IUs Operator, local TB

Road traffic monitoring program

2.5 Safety Safe working conditions

Wanzhou WTP LPMO, Operator CMG, ADB Yearly

2.6 Flood safety

Flood warning system operational Flood Emergency Response Plan prepared and operational

At flood management subproject sites (Longtan, Rongchang and Wulong)

Local emergency services and security offices.

CMG, ADB Yearly

Sources: PPTA Team; Subprojects EISs and TEIARs BOD5 = 5-day biological oxygen demand, CCl4 = carbon tetrachloride, CODCr = chemical oxygen demand, DO = dissolved oxygen, EMC = Environmental Monitoring Center, EPB = Environment Protection Bureau, FB = Forestry Bureau, Fe = iron, IU = Implementing Unit, Leq = noise unit, CMG = Chongqing Municipal Government, Mn = manganese, NH3-N = free nitrogen, NOx = nitrogen oxides, SOx = sulfur oxides, SS = suspended solids, LPMO = Local Project Management Office, TP = total particles, TSP = total suspended particles, WRB = Water Resources Bureau; WTP = Water Treatment Plant. * Local EPB = County, District or City level EPB as appropriate.

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F. EMP implementation costs

552. The costs of implementing the environmental management and impact mitigation measures listed in the EMP matrix (Table IX-2) are shown in Table IX-7 below. The cost for environmental management and impact mitigation measures are listed against line items in the EMP matrix (Table IX-2) and broken down into county/district/city contributions according to subprojects. Environmental monitoring costs are also included in the table. Construction monitoring and project acceptance inspections total 3.157 million CNY and operational environmental monitoring is a recurrent cost of 2.69 million CNY per year. These are to be included in the construction contracts and counterpart budgets. It should be noted that the contractors will pay for internal monitoring during construction period (to be carried out by local environment monitoring centers). During implementation, the cost required can be adjusted based on actual requirements. If there are unpredictable environmental impacts found during the implementation of the environmental monitoring, the EIA and EMP should be updated in timely manner and mitigation measures will be put forward to reduce the impacts to the environment.

553. Internal monitoring costs will be borne by the contractors during construction and by the IUs during operation. Before implementing a monitoring plan, contractors will present a more detailed breakdown of the estimated budget. During sub-component implementation, the budgets will be adjusted based on actual requirements.

554. Contractors will bear the costs for all mitigation measures during construction, which will be included in the tender and contract documents. The IUs will bear the costs related to mitigation measures during operation. The Project as a whole will bear the costs for training and the LIEC and EEM.

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Table IX-7: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management Plan (CNY x 103)

EMP Item Group YY RC WL SZ FL CK WZ Total

Pre-construction

1.1 Environmental impact assessment (not included in Project Costs) 150 80 190 320 200 200 350 1490

1.2 Environmental training 80 10 50 40 50 100 30 360

1.3 GRM Establishment 50 24 30 50 30 85 30 299

Sub total 280 114 270 410 280 385 410 2149

Construction

2.1 Wastewater management (construction wastewater and construction camp effluent)

130 30 104 320 200 1200* 800 2784

2.2 Air pollution control 120 120 270 600 200 120 145 1575

2.3 Noise control 78 60 234 600 200 120 145 1437

2.4 Solid waste management 140 110 50 140 230 200 500 1370

2.5 Erosion control (construction site, borrow pits and spoil disposal) 2000 a

150 1200 850 550 9480**

3256 17486

2.6 Flora and fauna protection/landscaping/revegetation 250 110 702 200 a 1100

+ 212 200 2774

2.7 Traffic management (diversions, signage) 20 20 50 40 20 20 50 220

2.7 Community safety 120 120 224 100 a 30 100

a 250 944

Operation (Capital Costs)

3.1 Air quality n/a n/a n/a 100 100 100 20 320

3.2 Noise control n/a n/a n/a Contingency funds**

20 20

3.4 Hazard management and emergency preparedness (incl. Flood warning planning)

2000 a

2000 a

2000 a

300 a 300

a 300

a 600

a

7500

3.5 Environmental training 100 a 100

a 100

a 100

a 100

a 100

a 100

a 700

3.6 Vegetation maintenance (spread over first 3 years of operations) 300a 300

a 300

a 300

a 300

a 300

a 300

a 2100

Sub total 5258 3120 5234 3650 3330 12252 6386 39230

Monitoring (ongoing costs (per year))

Construction monitoring and project acceptance inspections 1887 1000 a

1000 a

400 a 400 400

a 1000

a 6087

Operational Environmental monitoring – Internal and external 180a 180

a 180

a 180

a 180

a 180

a 180

a 1260

2067 1180 1180 580 580 580 1180 7347 EMP = environmental management plan, YY = Youyang, RC = Rongchang, WL = Wulong, SZ = Shizhu, FL = Fuling, CK = Chengkou, WZ = Wanzhou, n/a = not applicable. All figures are from the local environmental impact assessment documents and feasibility study reports except where noted. a Estimates based upon scale and nature of proposed works. * Including construction wastewater from tunneling operations. ** Including spoil management from tunneling

operations. *** Predictive modeling of road operations show no exceedence of PRC Class I2 standards in 2020. + Including Diamu Nature Reserve protection provisions.

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G. Consultation, Participation and Information Disclosure

1. Consultation during Project Preparation

555. Meaningful consultation was conducted during project preparation. The consultation process and its outcome are described in Chapter VI of this CEIA. Direct public participation was conducted as an ongoing element in the development of the sub-components. These activities were carried out by the IUs in their preparation of the FSRs and EIAs and by the Technical Assistance (TA) Consultants following PRC National Environmental Impact Assessments Technical Guidelines and Asian Development Bank guidelines and the Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).

2. Future Consultation Plan

556. Future plans for public involvement during the detailed design, construction and operation phases were developed during the project preparation. These plans include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures during the construction and operation stages, (ii) evaluating environmental and economic benefits and social impacts, and (iii) interviewing the public after the sub-components are completed.

557. Public participation plans are part of the project implementation and management plan. The IUs are responsible for public participation during project implementation. Costs for public participation activities during construction are included in the project funding. The IUs will cover costs for public participation activities during operation.

Table IX-8: Consultation and Participation Plan

Organizer Approach Times/Frequency Subjects Participants

Project preparation

EIA preparation

authors

(Institutes)

Questionnaires

and interviews

During field work for

EIA

Project priority, effects,

attitudes to the

Project/components,

and suggestions

Residents within

subproject areas

and construction

area

TA Consultants,

ADB

Site visits, and

public

consultations

Two rounds of

formal consultation,

3 review missions

Comments and

recommendations of

affected people and

stakeholders

Representatives of

affected people and

stakeholder

agencies

TA Consultants,

and LPMOs

Establish

Grievance

Redress

Mechanism

arrangements in

each county

Ongoing Pathway for complaints

from and resolution of

environmental problems

in construction and

operation

Affected persons,

AP representatives

and other

stakeholders

Construction

IUs, LPMOs Public

consultation and

site visits

At least once a year Adjusting mitigation

measures if necessary,

construction impacts,

comments and

suggestions

Work staff within

construction area;

Residents within

construction

area

Expert workshop

or press

conference

As needed, based

on public

consultation

Comments and

suggestions on

mitigation measures,

public opinions;

adjusting mitigation

Experts from various

sectors, media

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Organizer Approach Times/Frequency Subjects Participants

measures accordingly

Public workshop At least once a year Adjusting mitigation

measures if necessary,

construction impacts,

comments and

suggestions

Representatives of

residents and social

sectors

Test Operation

LPMOs, IUs,

Operators

Site visits Multiple, depending

on results of Project

completion

environmental audit

Comments and

suggestions on

operational impacts,

public suggestions on

corrective actions

Local residents and

social sectors, EPBs

Operation

IUs Public

consultation and

site visits

At least once Effects of mitigation

measures, impacts of

operation, comments

and suggestions

Residents adjacent

to project sites

Public workshop As needed based

on public

consultation

Effects of mitigation

measures, impacts of

operation, comments

and suggestions

Representatives of

residents and social

sectors

Public

satisfaction

survey

At least once Comments and

suggestions

Project beneficiaries

EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment, IU = Implementing Unit, LPMO = Local Project Management Office, TA = Technical

Assistance.

Source: PMO

H. Institutional Strengthening and Training

558. It was recognized during project preparation and at inception that the Project is addressing townships that have limited capacity for sustainable environmental management. While the larger PRC cities that have, for the most part, much longer and extensive experience with proposed project interventions in urban roads, waste water management, and heating, the smaller cities need assistance to meet the challenge posed by these developments.

559. Institutional strengthening: Main institutional strengthening measures include (i) the establishment of environment management units (EMUs) within each IU; (ii) the contracting of a loan implementation environment consultant (LIEC) to support EMP implementation and provide training; (iii) the procurement of an External Environment Monitor to conduct external environmental effect monitoring and verify EMP compliance; and (iv) the procurement of construction supervision companies (CSCs) for each sub-project. In addition, the following institutional strengthening measures are included:

(i) Youyang County Cultural Relics Bureau (CRB) will be included as member of the Project Leading Group (PLG) to ensure compliance of the Youyang flood management component with the Youyang Old Town cultural heritage conservation plan.

(ii) Shizhu County Cultural Relics Bureau (CRB) will be included as member of

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the Project Leading Group (PLG) to ensure compliance of the Shizhu road component with relevant cultural heritage conservation plans.

(iii) To ensure project compliance with nature reserve legislation and management plans, the Damushan Municipal nature reserve management committee will be included as member of the Project Leading Group (PLG) of the Fuling road component.

560. Training: To ensure effective implementation of the EMP, the capacity of the PMO, implementing agencies, CSCs and contractors must be strengthened, and all parties involved in mitigation measures and monitoring of environmental performance must have an understanding of the goals, methods, and practices of project environmental management. It is apparent that the IUs and local EPBs (through their monitoring centers) carry a substantial responsibility and workload if they are to ensure the environmental soundness of their components. The largest part of the capacity building in environmental management has therefore been in this direction. During the course of the TA, IUs and their EIA Institutes have been assisted in EIA preparation through written critiques of their EIA drafts, training sessions, and workshops where specific environmental issues were examined. The IUs, contractors and operators will also be strengthened by environmental management training

561. The Chongqing Municipal EPB, local EPBs and LIEC shall offer EMP training that is specific to their roles for the project. However, the main training emphasis (>50% of training budget) will be to ensure that contractors are well versed in environmentally sound practices and are able to undertake all construction with the appropriate environmental safeguards. The institutional strengthening and training program is summarized in Table IX-9.

562. Supervisory staff in the CPMO, LPMOs, IUs (including EMUs), operators, local EPBs and contractors will receive training in environmental management, environmental monitoring and supervision, mitigation planning, emergency response, environmental policymaking, and other environmental management techniques.

563. Funding of this training will be included in the Project budget and in the operation and maintenance budgets during operation phase. The estimated costs for the institutional strengthening and training are shown for each subproject administration at Items 1.2 (Pre-construction) and 3.5 (Operation) of Table IX-7.

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Table IX-9: Institutional Strengthening and Training

Institutional

strengthening

Organization Contents Timing

IS1 EMU IUs Establishment of EMU Project inception stage

IS2 LIEC CPMO, LPMOs Contracting and working with

Loan Implementation Consultant

(LIEC)

Prior to project

implementation

IS3 EEM CPMO Contracting of an external

environmental monitor

Project inception stage

IS4 PPCU CPMO, LPMOs, IUs Establishment of PPCU.

Development and

implementation of GRM

Prior and during Project

implementation

IS5 CSCs IUs, Contractors Contracting and working with

CSCs


implementation

IS6 PLG LPMOs, IUs Youyang County Cultural Relics

Bureau in PLG

Shizhu County Cultural Relics

Bureau in PLG

Damushan Municipal nature

reserve management committee

in PLG

Project inception stage

Training Attendees Contents Timing

T1 Environmental laws,

regulations and policies

CPMO, LPMOs,

IUs/Operators, Contractors

(i) Environmental laws and

regulations

(ii) Environmental policies and

plans (incl. ADB SPS)

(iii) Basic environmental

management

(iv) Emergency preparedness

and response

Prior to Project

implementation

T2 EMP implementation CPMO, LPMOs, IUs,

Contractors

(i) Responsibility and duties for

the project construction,

management and environmental

protection

(ii) Task of environmental

protection in the project

construction

(iii) Key environmental protection

contents etc. in project

construction

(iv) Various environmental

reporting

(v) EMP improvement and

corrective actions


implementation

T3 Traffic management Road subproject IUs and

contractors

(i) Selecting haulage routes

(ii) Diverting traffic

(iii) Scheduling work periods with

community needs

Prior to and during Project

implementation

T4 Environmental Health

and safety

CPMO, LPMOs, IUs and

contractors

EHS for the construction of

subprojects:

(i) Protective practices and

equipment

(ii) Safe working environments

(iii) Community safety


implementation

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T5 GRM Implementation CPMO, LPMOs, PPCU,

GRM access points (i) GRM structure,

responsibilities, timeframe

(ii) Types of grievances, eligibility

assessment

(iii) Gender responsive GRM

(iv) Reporting procedures.

Prior to Project

implementation

T6 Crisis handling IUs/Operators, contractors (i) Crisis handling methods (ii) Environmental accident, crisis

and mitigation measures;

(iii) Emergency response team,

procedure and actions

Prior to Project

implementation

T7 Environmental Health

and safety

IUs and facility operators EHS for the operation of

subprojects:

(i) Protective practices and

equipment

(ii) Safe working environments

(iii) Community safety


implementation

T8 Environmental aspects of

WTP operation and

maintenance

IUs/operators, (i) Environmental ―housekeeping‖

(ii) Safety operation regulations

(iii) Operation of overflow holding

tank

(iii) Emergency preparedness

and response procedures


implementation

T9 Environmental

monitoring, inspection

and reporting

IUs/operators, contractors,

local EPB

(i) Monitoring and inspection

methods, data collection and

processing, interpretation of

data, reporting system

(ii) Environmental reporting

requirements

Prior to Project

implementation

EPB = Environment Protection Bureau, IU = Implementing Unit, PMO = Project Management Office

I. Reporting and Supervision

564. Quarterly reporting by contractors and IUs: The contractors will submit quarterly internal environment progress reports to the IUs. The reports will present: (i) project implementation status; (ii) environmental mitigation measures implemented; (iii) internal monitoring activities; (iv) monitoring data of air, noise and surface water; (v) analysis of monitoring data against relevant standards; (vi) violations of environmental regulations; (vii) any additional mitigation measures and corrective actions required; (viii) environmental training conducted; (ix) occupational health and safety reporting (e.g. accidents during construction); (x) major events or issues that happened during the reporting period and follow-up actions needed.

565. External monitoring and EMP compliance verification report: The EEM will conduct external environmental monitoring, review internal monitoring reports, and prepare a semi-annual external monitoring and EMP compliance verification report. The report should confirm the project‘s compliance with the EMP and PRC legislated standards, identify any environment-related implementation issues and necessary corrective actions. The EEM will send the report to the CPMO, the IUs, the LPMOs and ADB.

566. Semi-annual EMP progress report: The IUs (EMU) will prepare semi-annual EMP progress reports (in Chinese) and submit them to the LPMOs and CPMO. The CPMO will consolidate all semi-annual subproject reports into a semi-annual EMP progress report in

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English and submit this to the ADB. The LIEC will help prepare the report. The report will present: (i) project implementation status; (ii) environmental mitigation measures implemented; (iii) internal and external monitoring activities; (iv) monitoring data of air, noise and surface water; (v) analysis of monitoring data against relevant standards; (vi) violations of environmental regulations; (vii) any additional mitigation measures and corrective actions required; (viii) environmental training conducted; (ix) occupational health and safety reporting (e.g. accidents during construction); (x) major events or issues that happened during the reporting period and follow-up actions needed; and (xi) complaints received from the public and how these were resolved through the GRM.

567. Report of environmental acceptance monitoring and audit: No later than a month after completion of the construction work for each subproject, the IUs shall collect data/reports from all contractors and CSCs, and submit construction mitigation completion reports to the Local PMOs and local EPB. The reports will indicate the timing, extent, and effectiveness of completed mitigation and maintenance, as well as point out the needs for further mitigation measures and monitoring during operations. Moreover, within two months after project completion, environmental acceptance monitoring and audit reports of subproject completions will be (i) prepared in accordance with the PRC Regulation on Environmental Check-and-Acceptance of Project Completion (State Environmental Protection Agency, 2001); (ii) reviewed for approval by the Chongqing Municipal EPB, and (iii) finally reported to ADB by the CPMO.

568. The performance of the contractors with respect to environmental protection and impact mitigation will be recorded and will be considered in future loan bid evaluations. The defined reporting plan is in line with OM Section F1/OP, which defines in para 27 that ―The project team ensures that the borrower/client submits the following monitoring reports to ADB for review: (i) semi-annual reports during project construction, and annual reports during project operation for environment category A projects‖.

194

Table IX-10: Reporting Plan Reports From To Frequency of

reporting

Construction Phase

Internal reports Internal monitoring and EMP progress

reports (for each contract)

Contractors IUs Quarterly

Semi-annual EMP progress reports (for

each component)

IUs LPMOs,

CPMO

Semi-annually

External

reports (for

disclosure)

Semi-annual external environmental

monitoring and EMP compliance verification

report (consolidated for project)

EEM IUs, LPMOs,

CPMO, ADB

Semi-annually

Semi-annual EMP progress reports based

on all internal and external reports

(consolidated for project)

CPMO and

LIEC

ADB,

including

disclosure

Semi-annually

Operation

Environmental

effect

monitoring

report

Environmental effect monitoring reports EMCs on behalf

of local EPBs

(funded by

operators)

Local EPBs,

IUs, LPMOs

and CPMO

Twice a year

Reports to

ADB

Semi-annual EMP progress reports CPMO ADB Yearly

(until PCR is

issued)

ADB = Asian Development Bank, EMC = Environmental Monitoring Centers, EPB = Environment Protection Bureau, IU =

Implementing Unit, CPMO = Chongqing Project Management Office, LPMO = Local Project Management Office.

J. Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment

569. The effectiveness of mitigation measures and monitoring plans will be evaluated by a feedback reporting system. Adjustment to the EMP will be made, if necessary. The CPMO and the LPMOs will play a critical role in the feedback and adjustment mechanism.

570. If during inspection and monitoring, substantial deviation from the EMP is observed or any changes are made to a subproject that may cause substantial adverse environmental impacts or increase the number of affected people, then the CPMO should consult with the LPMOs, the local EPBs and ADB immediately and form an environmental assessment team to conduct additional environmental assessment and, if necessary, further public consultation. The revised EIA reports including a revised EMP should be submitted to the environment authorities for approval, and finally reported to ADB. The revised EMP will be passed to the contractors and the IUs for implementation. The mechanism for feedback and adjustment of the EMP is shown in Figure IX-1.

195

Figure IX-1: Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment of EMP

CPMO, LPMOs and EPBs

ADB, EEM

IUs LIEC

Contractor IUs ‘ EMU

Implementation of Mitigation

Measures and Monitoring

Programs

CSC

Implementation

Feedback

Comments and

suggestions

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X. CONCLUSIONS A. Project Justification

571. The infrastructure targeted in each of the counties and district currently have serious shortcomings which not only constrain development but their inadequacies also threaten the livelihood and safety of communities and the environment. Roads in the subproject counties and district are commonly unpaved tracks, barely acceptable during fine weather and impassable in heavy rains. Many roads have sections excavated into cliffs and have infrequent passing facilities. Poor road maintenance also contributes to the limitation of traffic flow. The inherent failings of the alignments are exacerbated by the lack of safety fences and damaged pavements. Due to the poor road conditions, the local rural agricultural products cannot be brought to market or suffer lengthy delays.

572. At the flood management subproject locations, the flood control standards in the project rivers‘ reaches are less than one-in-10-years, lower than the one-in-20-year standards required by the planning standard. In many cases, floods cause the river bank to crumble and slip continually, inducing subsidence, bank collapse, landslides, and other secondary disasters, endangering people's lives and property.

573. In Wanzhou, a new water supply is needed for the refurbishment and expansion of the city‘s water supply network, enabling the closure of some old and inefficient plants and opening up new development areas to relieve pressure on the services of existing urban areas.

574. Chapter III (Project Description) of this EIA describes how the Project components will address these shortcomings with upgraded roads and new alignments, engineered river management schemes based on flood risk mapping, and a new water treatment plant tapping the huge water resource of the Yangtze River.

B. Design Changes for Environmental Protection

575. During the feasibility study phases of the subcomponents and the Inception and Interim missions of the PPTA, the components were critically assessed and many original project components were changed and this avoided or minimized many negative environmental effects. Significant changes at this stage were:

(i) The deletion of dredging in two flood management subprojects and minimization in a third, to avoid the impacts on river environment and dredge spoil handling and disposal;

(ii) Deletion of landscape dams and gates from flood management schemes to maintain natural river surfaces;

(iii) Excluding the shoreline of the Longtan ancient town from river training works to avoid damage to cultural relics; and

(iv) The replacement of large sections of mountain zigzag alignments in the Chengkou road subproject with a 1.5km tunnel to significantly reduce earthworks and land take.

197

C. Environmental Assessment Findings

576. The potential environmental impacts arising from the implementation of the Project have been identified in eight individual EIAs (Shizhu roads subproject was assessed in two separate EISs) and their findings integrated in this Consolidated EIA.

577. Construction impacts exist, but these are of a temporary nature and are covered by stringent site management and procedural provisions in the EMP. Operational impacts are minimal. Finally, the monitoring of subcomponents in the construction and operational phases will check that the environmental performance of the Project remains high.

578. All components will support approved development master plans. New roads in Shizhu and Chengkou counties and Fuling district and the water treatment plant in Wanzhou are planned components in these plans and are documented in the FSRs. The flood management subprojects in Rongchang and Youyang counties and Wulong district focus on achieving a design one-in-20-years flood protection to safeguard the present lives and livelihoods of communities and to provide flood free land to needed urban expansions.

579. The Project is supportive of ADB's Country Strategy for the PRC to make markets work more efficiently through infrastructure development and to promote environmental sustainability.

D. Impacts

580. During construction, potential impacts include soil erosion, noise and vibration, fugitive dust, solid wastes, and community and occupational health and safety risks. The main anticipated environmental impacts and risks include indirect and induced impacts of roads (soil erosion, earthwork, and downstream effects of flood control measures). Occupational and community health and safety from construction activities and operation, sustainability of exploitation of water resources for water supply, and potential risks to physical cultural resources and legally protected sites (nature reserves) will also need to be addressed.

581. Overall, construction-related impacts are localized, short term, and can be effectively mitigated through the application of good construction and housekeeping practices and implementation of construction phase community and occupational health and safety plans.

582. Construction activities along one road subproject (Shizhu, Yueli – Huangshui component) border a number of cultural relic protection sites. Similarly, the ancient town of Longtan lies along the river reach planned for flood management. Although, in all cases, construction will not encroach on the site or its curtilage, special attention will be paid and strict procedures followed so that no off-site impacts arise from construction which might disturb the relics and any unexpected finds can be identified and protected if they are discovered during construction.

583. One road alignment (of the Chengkou road subproject) passes through the experimental area of Damu Nature Reserve and, although an approval letter (Damushan NR No.26, 2012) has been submitted from the Nature Reserve Management Office (June 18, 2012) concurring with the alignment, strict environmental management prescriptions and construction personnel education have been included in the Project EMP.

584. In the operation phase of the road subprojects, noise and air quality predictions indicate that they will have minimal impact on these media, even in the long term.

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E. Resettlement and Economic Displacement

585. Resettlement Plans address the relocation and compensation needs of the 1,380 affected households and have identified compensation and resettlement site options. A total of 494 people in 125 households will be resettled due to the loss of residential buildings. A further 1,035 people in 261 households will be affected by land or asset losses. Detailed information will be collected for each site and the county governments will revise the draft RPs based on the physical indices survey and include details of the resettlement sites, location, number of affected households, and number of affected persons, land areas, and infrastructure plans. The RPs will be implemented in accordance with all applicable PRC laws and regulations, and ADB‘s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009. No economic displacement has been identified in the assessments.

F. Supporting Studies

586. The PPTA has benefited from three supporting studies: (i) a Climate Change impact assessment of the subproject areas; (ii) a study assessing new approaches for urban river rehabilitation and flood management in Chongqing Municipality; and (iii) a cultural heritage impact assessment. The findings of these studies which pertain to environmental safeguards have been reported in the consolidated EIA. Additionally, a Water Safety Protection Team has assessed the major issues confronting the water supply subcomponent and has proposed a set of management measures in response, which are reflected in the EMP.

587. The Climate Change impact assessment proposed local future climate scenarios for the Project area, and has allowed specific design adaptations to be incorporated with the flood management and roads subprojects - targeting landslide and stability dangers from increased rain events and implementing non-engineering approaches to flood management.

588. The Flood management study emphasized the need at all subproject sites for (i) flood warning systems; and (ii) flood emergency response planning. These have been reflected in the EMP.

589. The preliminary findings from the Water Safety Planning Team have been considered in the technical analysis report for water supply at the new proposed water plant. Additionally, it emphasized the regulatory requirement to declare and implement water source protection zones and this, along with other provisions of the water safety plan, has been included in the project EMP.

590. The Cultural relics protection recommendations have allowed tailored mitigations and management measures to be included in the EIA and EMP.

G. Risks and Assurances

591. The majority of environmental risks relate to design features and operational plans which will avoid or mitigate impacts, but which rely on the implementers‘ commitment and capacity to implement and consistently follow-up. The remainder relate to the likelihood of unexpected negative impacts. The risks are listed in Table X.1 under each subproject sector.

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Table X.1: Environmental Risks

Sector Risks

Water supply That wastewater collection and treatment in the WTP beneficiary area will not be adequate

Water supply That water source protection will not be implemented

Flood management That there will be a greater frequency or severity of floods caused by climate change.

Flood management That occurrences of heavy floods that exceed flood design standards

Roads That medium and long term traffic growth on the Chengkou roads will cause over-standard noise levels at sensitive receivers.

All That surplus spoil will be improperly disposed of, coating downslope surfaces and blocking drainage lines.

All That subprojects will be implemented without emergency planning and response plans to safeguard their operation.

Source: PPTA Team

592. The following assurances, addressing the risks identified above, should be incorporated into the loan documentation as loan covenants to ensure that the measures are implemented in a timely and complete fashion:

x. Covenanted assurances from Wanzhou District Government for provision of

wastewater treatment plants; xi. A commitment to implement non-structural measures including flood warning and

emergency response systems to better prepare people for floods; xii. A commitment that surplus spoil should be transported to suitable spoil disposal sites

approved by the responsible EPB; xiii. A commitment that the IUs and operators of subprojects will develop appropriate

Emergency Preparedness and Response mechanisms; xiv. A commitment that before construction commences on Chengkou road subprojects,

a predictive analysis of noise levels at the nominated sensitive receptor sites along all roads will be carried out and funds for noise mitigation at affected properties will be reserved;

xv. A commitment to implement the recommendations of the Climate Change Impact Assessment report;

xvi. A commitment to comply with the protective measures of water sources in the protected zones according to the ―Protected Zoning of Chongqing Municipality Drinking Water Source‖.

xvii. A commitment to comply with the PRC regulation on the management of nature reserves (1994).

xviii. An assurance from Rongchang County Government that the quality of sediments to be dredged in the Rongfeng river will be tested prior to dredging activities to confirm compliance with relevant PRC standards for reuse of dredged material for urban landscaping purposes.

593. The Chongqing Government and the subproject counties and districts will undertake the full range of effective measures set out in the EIA and EMP to guarantee that the environmental management requirements and the environmental monitoring plan will be implemented effectively during project implementation, and that the implementation reports of the environmental management and monitoring plan in accordance with ADB requirements will be submitted in a timely fashion. Part of this monitoring and management commitment will be a commitment to implement and maintain an appropriate Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) for all subproject counties and districts and covering the construction and operation of all project subprojects.

594. A Loan Implementation Environmental Consultant (LIEC) will be commissioned for the project loan implementation phase. The LIEC will have an important role in

200

coordinating these activities. The LIEC will also assist in interpreting and clarifying the application of mitigation measures and the monitoring of their outcomes.

H. Follow-Up Monitoring and Environmental Management Requirements

595. An EMP has been developed for the design, construction, and operation phases of the Project. The plan is appropriate for the environmental safeguarding of the planned works and forms part of a comprehensive set of environmental management documents. The EMP includes institutional responsibilities and costs for implementing the mitigation measures and the monitoring requirements.

I. Conclusion

596. It is concluded that the infrastructure subcomponents planned for the seven counties and districts will significantly benefit the populations of these areas, including the poor and vulnerable. It is also concluded that the design features and operational planning will minimize adverse environmental impacts and that the implementation of these features will be assured through loan assurances. It is further concluded that the design features, operational regimes and construction management safeguards will successfully address the range of potential environmental impacts and will be actioned through the Project EMP and continuously checked in the environmental monitoring program.

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APPENDIX 1

REFERENCES

A. Documents and Reports

ADB. 2012. Assessing New Approaches for Urban River Rehabilitation and Flood Management In Chuxiong Prefecture, Chongqing Municipality and Jiuquan Municipality. ADB Manila, February 2012.

ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement. Manila.

ADB. 2003. Environmental Assessment Guidelines. Manila.

ADB. 2003. Environmental Considerations in ADB Operations. Operations Manual. Manila.

ADB. 2006. Operations Manual. Section F1/BP. Manila.

ADB. 2010. Country Partnership Strategy (2010–2015): People’s Republic of China. Manila.

ADB 2008, Strategy 2020, The Long-Term Strategic Framework of the Asian Development Bank 2008-2020. Manila.

Dale, V. H. 2001. Climate change and forest disturbances. BioScience 51:723–734.

IFC/World Bank Group 2007, Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines Water and Sanitation, Washington.

International Finance Corporation. 2007. World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines. http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/Content/EHSGuidelines

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 2009. Unpublished.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 2009. Bellagio Discussion Paper: Strategies for Bringing Land Transport into the Climate Change Negotiations. Unpublished.

World Bank Group 2007, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines General EHS Guidelines, World Bank, Washington

World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF), 1996, Edited by Carey, Geoff A Biodiversity Review of China, World Wildlife Fund for Nature International China Programme.

B. Applicable Laws and Regulations

Government of the PRC. 1989. Environmental Protection Law of PRC. Beijing.

Government of the PRC. 2002. Culture Heritage Protection Law of PRC. Beijing.

Government of the PRC. 1996. Water Pollution Prevention Law of PRC. Beijing.

Government of the PRC. 2000. Air Pollution Prevention Law of PRC. Beijing.

Government of the PRC. 1999. Noise Pollution Control Law of PRC. Beijing.

Government of the PRC. 2005. Solid Waste Pollution Control Law of PRC. Beijing.

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Government of the PRC. 2003. Environmental Impact Assessment Law of PRC. Beijing.

Government of the PRC. 2003. Culture Heritage Protection Regulation of PRC. Beijing.

Government of the PRC, State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA). 2003. Environmental Protection Management Directions for Construction Projects (No. 9). Beijing.

Government of the PRC, State Council. 1998. Environmental Protection Management Regulations for Construction Projects. Beijing.

Government of the PRC, Regulations of QA/AC Management for Environmental Monitoring issued by SEPA in July 2006

C. Guidelines and Standards

PRC Provision of Public Consultations for Environmental Impact Assessment. 2006.State Environmental Protection Administration.

Surface Water Quality Standard of PRC. (GB3838-2002).

Ambient Air Quality Standard of PRC. (GB3095-1996).

Urban Environmental Noise Standard. (GB3096-93)

Soil Quality Standard of PRC. (GB15618-1995)

Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants of the PRC. (GB14554-93).

State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA). Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guideline (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997).

Noise Limit of Construction Site Boundary. (GB12523-90).

Code for Seismic Design of Highways. (JTJ044-89).

National Master Plan for Public Emergency Preparedness and Response, released by the State Council on 8 January 2006.

QA/QC Manual for Environmental Water Monitoring (Second edition), published by the State Environmental Monitoring Centre in 2001

QA/QC Manual for Environmental Air Monitoring published by the State Environmental

Monitoring Centre in 2001.

Planning for Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Towns in Longtan Town, 2003 Planning for Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Towns in Longtan Town Plan for Protection of Dock Sites in Longtan Ancient Town; and the Plan for Protection of

Changlingshi Military Watchtower in Yuelai Town as a Cultural Relics Protection Unit of

Shizhu County.

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APPENDIX 2

FLOOD RISK WARNING AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS IN PROJECT AFFECTED AREAS

A. YOUYANG COUNTY AND LONGTAN TOWN

1. Institutional responsibilities

1. The Youyang Autonomous County Government Public Emergency Committee has set up Youyang Autonomous County Natural Disaster Emergency Response Headquarters, responsible for the coordination of the whole county’s flood control and drought relief work.

2. The Youyang Autonomous County Government has set up the Youyang Autonomous County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, responsible for organizing and commanding the whole county flood’s control and drought relief work.

3. Longtan Town Flood Control Headquarters, under the leadership of the county's Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, is responsible for organizing and leading the flood prevention work within its territory.

4. The working agency of the County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters is Youyang Autonomous County Flood Control and Drought Relief Command Headquarters Office, located in the County Water Affairs Bureau as an independent standing body.

2. Youyang County Flood Control and Drought Relief Emergency Response Plan

5. The Youyang County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters has prepared the Youyang County flood control and emergency response plan and the Youyang County seat flood control and emergency response plan, which were approved by Youyang County People's Government, with a record submitted to the Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters. The Youyang County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters Office prepared the latest revision of the Youyang County Flood Control and Drought Relief Emergency Response Plan in April 2011.

6. Youyang County Flood Control Emergency Response Plan clarifies that:

(i) The County Meteorology Bureau is responsible for real-time monitoring of heavy rain in the whole county, and carries out short, medium and long-term weather forecasting, and timely notifies the County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters and the relevant towns and townships’ Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters;

(ii) The County Water Affairs Bureau is responsible for organizing the County Hydrological Management Station, the County Flood Control Office, and the management units of large and medium-sized reservoirs carries out water and rainfall monitoring and flood forecasting for rivers with river basin area more than 500 km2and rivers in the seats of the relevant county and town/township people's governments, and in a timely manner notifies the County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters and the relevant town and township Flood Control

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and Drought Relief Headquarters;

(iii) Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters at all levels, through the rainfall observation stations set up in water conservancy projects by the meteorological and water conservancy (hydrology) departments, carries out monitoring of real-time rainfall amounts, and timely notifies the County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters and the relevant towns and townships’ Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters;

(iv) Project management units of water conservancy projects are responsible for monitoring of the conditions and dangerous situations in the dike projects, and report respectively to the departments in charge, the relevant town and township and the county governments;

(v) Reservoir management units, in case the reservoir water levels exceed the flood limit levels, will more closely monitor the key parts of dams, spillways, and water delivery facilities, and will allocate the water in accordance with the flood water scheduling plans, and report to the higher level water administration departments and flood control offices in charge;

(vi) Reservoir management units, in case dangerous situations occur in the reservoirs, will in the first instance immediately issue warning messages to the various town and township people's governments in the lower reaches, and at the same time report to the higher level people's government and flood control and drought relief headquarters;

(vii) Reservoir management units, in case the reservoirs experience floods that exceed the standards or other uncontrolled events that may cause dam failure, will give early warning information to the town and township governments where those areas determined by the flood risk maps to be inundated by reservoir dam failure are located, and at the same time report to the County Emergency Management Office and the County Flood Control Office.

3. Youyang County Flood Warning and Emergency Response System

7. In accordance with the flood magnitude and possible impact, the flood levels and emergency response levels are divided into four categories. In accordance with the likelihood of danger to the water conservancy works, and the seriousness of damage to the downstream, the danger levels and emergency response levels of the water conservancy works are divided into four categories (Table A2.1).

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Table A2.1: Flood levels and early warning levels in Youyang County Type Category Warning level Warning color

Flood Particularly severe rainfall and flood Particularly severe (Grade I) Red

Major rainstorm and flood Severe (Grade II) Orange

Relatively large rainstorm and flood Serious (Grade III) Yellow

Ordinary rainstorm and flood General (Grade IV) Blue

Danger to water conservancy works

Particularly severe danger Particularly severe (Grade I) Red

Major danger Severe (Grade II) Orange

Relatively large danger Serious (Grade III) Yellow

Ordinary danger General (Grade IV) Blue

8. Emergency Response: Corresponding to the categorization of the warning levels, the emergency response operations are categorized into four grades at two levels. The County People's Government is responsible for coordination and command of major and particularly severe categories of flood control, emergency response and disaster rescue work, and directly commands the county seat’s flood control, emergency response and disaster rescue work. The County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters are responsible for coordination and command of relatively large and ordinary categories of flood control, drought relief, emergency response and disaster rescue work. The Youyang County flood control and drought relief emergency plan formulates four levels of flood control emergency response actions in accordance with the flood warning situation.

4. Youyang County Flash Flood disaster prevention and control program

9. This program is a fulfillment of the requirements of the National Flood Control and Drought Relief General Headquarters Office to develop non-structural measures at the county level to prevent and control flash flood disasters in the whole country’s flash flood disaster prevention and control areas. It is prepared in accordance with “Chongqing Municipality flash flood disaster prevention and control plan” and “Chongqing Municipality flash flood disaster defence monitoring and warning system planning report”.

10. The objectives of the program are as follows:

(i) Capability of effective real-time monitoring of the centers of rainstorms and the rainfall and water levels in key areas, through the construction of flash flood disaster monitoring and early warning systems, to achieve effective monitoring of flash flood disasters;

(ii) Capability of fast and effective early warning, through the construction of early warning platforms and warning systems; and

(iii) Strengthening development of group monitoring and prevention systems, through the preparation of defence plans, publicity and training to increase knowledge of defence against flash floods, and minimization of losses caused by flash flood disasters.

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11. The contents of the program are as follows:

(i) Monitoring system: Building of 39 new automatic rainfall stations, 207 simple rainfall stations, 14 automatic water level rainfall stations, including the receiving parts of the platform that monitor information;

(ii) Early warning system: Provision of county, township, village, and group level warning equipment;

(iii) County-level monitoring and early warning platform: Hardware procurement, software development, engine room etc.;

(iv) Group monitoring and prevention systems: General survey of flood disasters, delineation of hazardous areas, determination of early warning indicators, preparation of plans, publicity of flash flood disasters, training and drills.

12. Equipment tendering has started for the “Implementation program on non-structural measures for the prevention and control of flash flood disasters in Youyang County, Chongqing Municipality”, which is being implemented, and is due to be completed by the end of 2012. After the completion of the project, Youyang County will have established a mountain flash flood monitoring and warning system, with real-time monitoring of the center of rainstorms and rainfall and water levels in important areas within the county, with fast and effective early warning capacity, an effective defence against flash flood disasters. After the completion of the “Implementation program on non-structural measures for the prevention and control of flash flood disasters in Youyang County, Chongqing Municipality”, there will be:

(i) four automatic rainfall stations distributed over Longtan Town: Longtan Town, Yangjiazhai, Upper River, and Lower River;

(ii) six automatic water level monitoring stations distributed over Longtan River Basin: Shengli Reservoir, Longtan Reservoir, Meishu, Mawang, Longtan, and Zaomu Reservoir;

(iii) 12 flash flood hazardous zones and warning alarm sites: Guanchang, Shiying, Bohai, Boxiang, Xintian, Zhaozhuang Street Community, Longquan Street Community, Chuanzhu, Wuyu, Yandi, Meishu, and Zaomu.

5. Longtan Town flood control plan

13. Youyang County’s town and township flood control emergency response plans are prepared by the Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters of the towns and townships, and approved by the town and township people's governments, with records submitted to the County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters. The Longtan Town flood control and geological disaster prevention plan was promulgated and implemented in April 2011 by Longtan Town Government.

14. Monitoring: The critical values of natural disasters are reached when the water levels of small and medium-sized reservoirs such as Longtan Reservoir, and mountain ping ponds, exceed the stipulated water storage levels, or when the water levels in Longtan Town exceed the flood water levels of 1998.

15. A monitoring system has been established, with a designated person responsible for each monitoring point. Weather forecast is collected by the Town Agricultural Service Center from the County Meteorological department and published. River and stream flood forecasts and reservoir water level forecasts are promptly reported by designated staff of the reservoirs

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to the Town Headquarters.

16. Early warning: Under normal circumstances, the early warning information is released by the Town Flood Control Headquarters, in the sequence of town – villages – groups – households. In emergencies, the village can report directly to the county and town flood control headquarters, and directly issue warning signals.

17. Relocation and resettlement: Based on the actual situation of Longtan Town, five provisions on relocation and resettlement are formulated in the plan, including the number of people to be relocated in various flood disaster areas, principles for relocation, and where they will be relocated.

18. Required adjustments to land use planning: On the basis of flood risk maps, the planning, construction, water affairs and other related departments of the government need to adjust Longtan Town’s development and land use planning and pay attention to avoid the flood risk, such as these measures:

(i) When it is inevitable for construction land to be located in the inundated areas, it should take full account of the various requirements of the construction land for flood control, with the use of filling, dikes and other structural measures;

(ii) For local areas where it is permissible to flood during certain time periods, the resistance against flooding submergence of the buildings should be improved, and refuge shelters should be planned and constructed together with emergency facilities;

(iii) Urban land use layout should ensure the safety of important infrastructure against flooding, including water supply, electricity supply, gas supply and other municipal utilities, and medical care, fire services, and other public service facilities.

19. Required amendments of Longtan town flood control emergency response plan: Longtan Town Government has promulgated and implemented “Longtan Town flood control and geological disaster prevention work plan”. After the completion of the “Implementation program on non-structural measures for the prevention and control of flash flood disasters in Youyang County, Chongqing Municipality”, based on this implementation program, with reference to the flood risk map of the project river reach in the town area, “Longtan Town flood control and geological disaster prevention work plan” will be improved and updated.

B. WULONG COUNTY


20. Wulong County Government Public Emergency Committee and Wulong County Emergency Management Office lead the whole county’s flood control and drought relief contingency management and handling work. Wulong County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, under the leadership of the county emergency committee, handle the flood control emergency response in co-ordination with the county emergency office. The main duties of the County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters are as follows:

(i) To determine the major policy decisions and guidelines on the emergency handling of general and significant dangerous incidents, organize and implement disaster relief in accordance with the principle of the grading of the responses,

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and arrange for and summarize the county’s annual rescue and emergency response efforts on flood control and drought relief;

(ii) To guide the whole county’s important projects on the early warning, prevention, and emergency response on flood control and drought relief and rescue efforts;

(iii) To be led by the county government, in the event of particularly serious and serious dangerous incidents, cross-regional incidents, incidents with wide-ranging impacts, and incidents with very prominent dangers, handle the immediate work and at the same time report to the municipal government for emergency response;

(iv) To implement the instructions and orders of the county government, coordinate flood prevention work of various departments at all levels, and issue instructions on rescue and emergency efforts on flood control and drought relief;

(v) To be responsible for the establishment and management of the county’s flood control and drought relief command system, grasp the flood and drought situation and the water storage situation of water conservancy works, and timely release information and early warning;

(vi) To prepare and supervise the implementation of Wulong County flood control and contingency plans, anddetermine and release the start plans;

(vii) To directly reserve and transport county-level flood control and drought relief supplies, and establish and mobilize the county level rescue teams;

(viii) To report timely to the Chongqing Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters on the flood control situation, implement its decisions and orders, and if necessary apply for support.

2. Wulong County Flood Control and Contingency Plans

21. Flood control and response plans: Wulong County flood control and contingency plans are prepared by the County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters and approved by the County People's Government, with a record submitted to the Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters. The Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters Office issued the latest revision of “Wulong County Flood Control and Contingency Plan” in February 2011.

22. Wulong County’s urban flood control is closely related to the water levels and operation of the reservoirs on the upper reaches. Flood control agencies have been set up and corresponding flood control plans prepared by the Yinpan and Jiangkou Hydropower Stations on the upper reaches.

23. A flood control and drought relief organization composed mainly of Datang International Wulong Hydropower Company, together with various participating units, has been established for Wujiang Yinpan Hydropower Station, upstream of Wulong. It is under the leadership of Datang International Power Generation Company Chongqing Branch, and Wulong County and Chongqing Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters. Lately in February 2012 it updated the “2012 Wujiang Yinpan Hydropower Station flood prevention and drought relief measures and emergency rescue plan”.

24. A flood control leading group composed mainly of Chongqing Jiangkou Hydropower Limited Liability Company has been established for Jiangkou Hydropower Station, upstream of Wulong. It is subject to the command of the local county and municipal flood control and

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emergency response agencies in rescue efforts. Lately in February 2012 it updated the “Jiangkou Reservoir flood protection and contingency plan” and “Jiangkou Reservoir flood management plan”.

25. Information monitoring and reporting: Wulong County flood control and contingency plans require that:

(i) Wulong Hydrological Station is responsible for monitoring the rainfall, water level, flow, and other information of Wujiang and hydrological forecasting;

(ii) The County Water Authority is responsible for hydrological monitoring and

forecasting of rivers with catchment area greater than 50 km2

(except Wujiang River);

(iii) The County Meteorology Bureau is responsible for monitoring and forecasting of heavy rain in the whole county;

(iv) The water conservancy project management units are responsible for monitoring the works situation and information on dangerous incidents about the projects.

26. The above monitoring and forecasting information should be promptly reported to the County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.

3. Wulong County Flood Warning and Emergency Response System

27. Flood control and warning: In accordance with the flood magnitude and impact, the flood levels and emergency response levels are divided into four categories (Table A2.2)

Table A2.2: Flood levels and emergency responses levels in Wulong County

Flood Category Criteria for classification Warning level Warning color

Particularly severe flood Return period greater than 50 years Particularly severe (Grade I) Red

Major flood Return period of 20 – 50 years Severe (Grade II) Orange

Relatively large flood Return period of 10 –20 years Serious (Grade III) Yellow

General flood Return period of 5–10 years General (Grade IV) Blue

28. Emergency response: Corresponding to the categorization of the warning levels, the emergency response operations are categorized into four grades:

(i) For general floods and relatively large floods (blue, yellow), the county government will launch the integrated emergency plans for emergency responses and is responsible for handling the floods, while reporting the information to the Municipal Emergency Management Office and Municipal Emergency Command Headquarters, and copying it to the relevant municipal authorities;

(ii) For major floods (orange), the county government will immediately report to the Municipal Emergency Office, Municipal Emergency Command Headquarters, and Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters. The Municipal Emergency Office, Municipal Emergency Command Headquarters, and Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, based on the circumstances, will decide to activate the contingency plans to make emergency

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responses. The Municipal Emergency Command Headquarters or the Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters will handle the emergency in conjunction with the county government;

(iii) For particularly severe floods (red), with the approval of the Municipal Emergency Committee’s leadership, the Municipal Emergency Committee will make emergency responses and activate the relevant contingency plans. The Municipal Emergency Committee (Municipal Emergency Management Office), the Municipal Emergency Command Headquarters or the Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters will unify command of the emergency rescue work.

29. Emergency handling, blue (Grade IV) and yellow (Grade III): The county government should immediately start the flood emergency plans. The administrative responsible persons should be in place to give command, responsible for directing and coordinating the rescue and relief work. They should organize transfer of the stranded people and belongings, and make proper arrangements for the livelihood of the victims, organize and mobilize human and material resources and conduct on-site rescue and relief work, collect and summarize the disaster situation, and in a timely manner report to the County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters. The County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters will provide workforce, material and financial support based on development of the flooding and dangerous conditions.

30. Emergency handling, orange (Grade II) and red (Grade I): At the same time as handling the emergency early, the Municipal Emergency Committee, the Municipal Emergency Management Office, the Municipal Disaster Relief Office, in conjunction with the relevant municipal departments on the natural disaster, will form a municipal government disaster relief working group. The group will promptly rush to the disaster site, activate contingency plans to carry out emergency relief work, investigate and verify the disaster situation to make a scientific judgment, coordinate traffic control, monitor the site monitoring, evacuate people, implement disaster relief, provide medical aid, hygiene facilities, and epidemic prevention, maintain social security, mobilize society, assess the damages, and carry out post-disaster rehabilitation. It will furnish a disaster investigation report and working recommendations to the Municipal Emergency Committee, the Municipal Emergency Command Headquarters, and the Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.

4. Risk management for floods exceeding the standards in Wulong County Seat

31. Wulong County seat’s flood control engineering standards are based on one-in-20-year floods. Floods in excess of this standard will need non-structural measures to deal with. The flood inundation areas refer to those areas susceptible to floods and without structural measures to protect. For Wulong County seat, the flood inundation areas are those areas inundated by floods exceeding the design standards.

32. Required adjustments to land use planning: On the basis of flood risk maps, the planning, construction, water affairs and other related departments of the government need to adjust the corresponding urban development and land use planning and pay attention to avoid the flood risk, such as these measures:

(i) Urban centers, residential areas, important industrial and storage areas and other important facilities should be located above the flood inundation lines;

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(ii) When it is inevitable for construction land to be located in the inundated areas, it should take full account of the different requirements of the construction land for flood control, with the use of filling, dikes and other structural measures;

(iii) For local areas where it is permissible to flood during certain time periods, the resistance against flooding submergence of the housing should be improved; and

(iv) Urban land use layout should ensure the safety of important infrastructure against flooding, including water supply, electricity supply, gas supply and other municipal utilities, and medical care, fire services, and other public service facilities.

33. Required amendments of Wulong County flood control emergency response plan: The formulation of a flood control emergency response plan is to keep flooding in a manageable manner, minimizing casualties and property losses. The ADB expert team in the pre-PPTA report on flood risk management recommends that Wulong County utilizes the flood risk map, and, after the detailed planning of new urban development area is fixed, modifies and improves the flood emergency response planning at an appropriate time in the project implementation phase. As mentioned earlier, Wulong County has established the Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters formed by the relevant departments, and prepared the Wulong County flood control and contingency plan, and made the latest update to the plan in February 2011. Therefore, on the basis of the new flood risk map, in particular, as the design flood level of Wujiang Wulong County section has been raised by 0.9 m above the past World Bank project, Wulong County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters should timely update their flood prevention and emergency plan.

C. RONGCHANG COUNTY


34. Rongchang County Government Public Emergency Committee and Rongchang County Government Emergency Management Office lead the whole county’s flood control and drought relief contingency management and handling work.

35. The County Government Emergency Public Committee has set up Rongchang County Natural Disaster Emergency Response Headquarters, responsible for the planning and coordination of the whole county’s flood control and drought relief work. The County Natural Disaster Emergency Response Headquarters office is located in the County Government Emergency Management Office, responsible for daily affairs.

36. Rongchang County Natural Disaster Emergency Response Headquarters has set up Rongchang County People's Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, responsible for organization and command of the whole county’s flood control and drought relief work.

37. The working agency of County People's Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters is the County People's Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters Office, located in the County Water Affairs Bureau, and is an independent standing working agency. The Office’s main responsibilities are:

(i) implementation of flood control and drought relief laws and regulations and policies;

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(ii) according to the County Government and County People's Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters’ directive, command and coordination of flood control and drought relief work of the relevant departments at all levels;

(iii) release of flood control and drought relief emergency rescue instruction, and timely reporting of emergency response situations to the County Government and County People's Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters;

(iv) timely release of flood control and drought information and early warning information, in accordance with important weather forecasts, water and drought forecasts, and water storage situation of water conservancy works of the relevant departments;

(v) coordination of relevant departments and agencies to implement flood prevention work; organization of flood control and drought relief inspection;

(vi) guidance and supervision of the whole county’s flood control and drought relief emergency plan;

(vii) reserve, allocation and use of the county’s flood control and drought relief materials;

(viii) organization of county-level flood control and drought relief and rescue teams, deployment of human and technical resources for rescue; application for national and municipal flood control and drought relief funds;

(ix) supervision and inspection of the construction of flood control and drought relief works and the use of flood control and drought relief funds;

(x) collection of information on flood and drought disasters; and

(xi) completion of other tasks assigned by the leadership of County People's Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.

2. Urban flood control emergency response plans

38. Rongchang County urban flood control emergency plan: Rongchang County flood control and drought relief contingency plans are organized and prepared by the County Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters Office, and examined and approved in a County Government’s executive meeting, with a record submitted to the Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters. In connection with the flooding, rainstorms and water logging in the built-up area of the county seat, the County People's Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters Office has also formulated Rongchang County urban flood control emergency plan.

39. The County People's Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters in principle will organize revision and improvement of the contingency plans every three years.

40. Information monitoring and reporting: The Rongchang County urban flood control emergency plan requires that:

(i) County People's Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters is in charge of hydrological monitoring of the whole county, reporting to Rongchang County People's Government and Chongqing Municipal Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters, and informing of the towns and water reservoir

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management stations of rainfall and hydrological situations;

(ii) The County Meteorology Bureau is in charge of monitoring and forecasting information of heavy rains in the whole county, and reporting to the County People’s Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters;

(iii) The water conservancy project management units are in charge of monitoring the works situation and information on dangerous incidents about the projects, and reporting respectively to the County Water Affairs Bureau and the County People’s Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.

41. Early warning and dissemination: In accordance with the flood magnitude and possible impact, the flood levels and emergency response levels are divided into four categories. In accordance with the likelihood of danger to the water conservancy works, and the seriousness of potential damages to downstream areas, the danger levels and emergency response levels of the water conservancy works are divided into four categories (Table A2.3).

42. The flood levels and warning levels are confirmed by the County People's Government or the County People’s Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters and released to society. The danger levels and warning levels of the water conservancy works are confirmed by the County Water Affairs Bureau, and released to society by the County People's Government or the County People’s Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.

43. Emergency response: Corresponding to the categorization of the warning levels, the emergency response operations are categorized into four grades at two levels:

(i) Blue warning (Grade IV): The County People’s Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters immediately start the flood control emergency response plan for this grade.

(ii) Yellow warning (Grade III): The County People's Government or the County People’s Government Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters immediately start the level flood control emergency response plan for this grade.

(iii) Orange warning (Grade II): the County People's Government immediately starts the level flood control emergency plan for this grade.

(iv) Red warning (Grade I): the County People's Government immediately starts the level flood control emergency response plan for this grade.

44. Emergency preparedness procedures: In Rongchang County’s flood control and drought relief contingency plans, in accordance with the flood warning level, flood control emergency response procedures with four grades are formulated. Rongchang County’s urban flood control emergency response plan also identifies the defense plan, including the following:

(i) Landscape dikes and the gates of the river weirs on Laixi River, Rongfeng River, and Chishui River are fully opened;

(ii) The upstream reservoir water level is reduced;

(iii) The evacuation routes of residents along Laixi River, Chishui River, and Rongfeng River and their temporary shelters respectively are formulated.

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Table A2.2: Flood levels and emergency responses levels in Rongchang County

Type Category Criteria for classification Warning level Warning color

Flood Particularly severe flood

Return period greater than 50 years Particularly severe (Grade I)

Red

Major flood Return period of 20 – 50 years Severe (Grade II) Orange

Relatively large flood

Return period of 10 – 20 years Serious (Grade III)

Yellow

Ordinary flood Return period of 5 – 10 years General (Grade IV)

Blue

Danger to water conservancy works

Particularly severe danger

The county seat’s water conservation works may collapse. Medium and small (one) reservoirs may collapse or be in serious danger that causes a major direct impact on the safety downstream. The flood may cause interruption of the railway lines and highways, and it is unable to restore access in 24 hours.

Particularly severe (Grade I)

Red

Major danger Small (two) reservoirs may collapse or be in serious danger that causes a major direct impact on the safety downstream. The flood may cause interruption of the railway lines and highways, and it is unable to restore access in 12 hours.

Severe (Grade II) Orange

Relatively large danger

Important mountain ping ponds and stone river weirs collapse or are in serious danger that causes a major direct impact on the safety downstream. The flood causes interruption of the county-level traffic, and it is unable to restore access in 12 hours.

Serious (Grade III)

Yellow

Ordinary danger General mountain ping ponds and stone river weirs collapse or may be in serious danger that causes a major direct impact on the safety downstream. The flood causes interruption of the intra-county traffic, and it is unable to restore access in 6 hours.

General (Grade IV)

Blue

3. Risk management for floods exceeding the standards in Rongchang County Seat

45. Rongfeng River’s flood control engineering standards are based on one-in-20-year floods. Floods in excess of this standard will need non-structural measures to deal with, and adjustments to existing flood control and emergency response plans.

46. Required adjustments to land use planning: On the basis of the flood risk map, the planning, construction, water affairs and other related departments of the government need to adjust the corresponding urban development and land use planning and pay attention to avoid

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the flood risk. The inundation areas for floods exceeding the standards for the project river reach of Rongfeng River are not large. In the urban development plan, the land along the river is mainly landscaping green area. It is easy to avoid residential areas, municipal utilities, medical care, and other public facilities in the flood inundation area.

47. Required amendments of Rongchang County flood control emergency response plan: The area of defence in the Rongchang County urban flood control emergency response plan includes Laixi River, Chishui River, and Rongfeng River, and clarifies evacuation routes and safe temporary shelters. It is recommended that Rongchang County refers to the new flood risk map for Rongfeng River’s project river reach to improve and update the urban flood control emergency response plan, and to cover the emergency response for one-in-100-year floods.

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APPENDIX 3

PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES IMPACT ASSESSMENT

A. INTRODUCTION

1. Chongching Municipality has a long history and is famous for his cultural heritage. Almost every town or village has cultural relics protected at county, district, municipal or national level. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) requires that the borrower avoids significant damage to physical cultural resources, and if such resources are likely to be affected by project interventions, qualified and experienced experts must be involved to assess the project’s potential impacts on these resources as an integral part of the environmental assessment process.

2. This physical cultural resources impact assessment was conducted by qualified cultural heritage specialists in the framework of the PPTA. The team included physical cultural resources experts the PPTA consulting firm, members of the Chongqing University Urban Planning College, and members of municipal and county cultural relics bureaus (Table A3.1). The assessment was conducted in close collaboration and consultation with local cultural relics bureaus at municipal, district and county level.

3. This report summarizes the work conducted and the results of the assessment. It presents the legal framework pertaining to physical cultural resources protection in the PRC; describes the physical cultural resources within the subcomponents’ area of influence; assesses possible risks and impacts to these sites; and defines required protection measures.

4. The identified risks and impacts, and the defined protection and mitigation measures are incorporated in the project environmental management plan (EMP).

Table A3.1: Authors and participants of the physical cultural resources assessment

Name Title Institute

Experts who prepared cultural relic assessment report

Wu Tao Part-time Professor Deputy Director

Architecture and Urban Planning College of Chongqing University Cultural Relics Protection Division of Chongqing Cultural Bureau

Qing Ling Professor Architecture and Urban Planning College of Chongqing University

Yang Ling Graduate Student

Urban Planning College, Chongqing University

He Huan, Graduate Student

Urban Planning College, Chongqing University

Experts who provided technical suggestions

Lai Dong Engineer Cultural Relics Protection Division of Chongqing Cultural Bureau

Bai Jiujiang Director Assistant

Chongqing Archaeology Institution

Consulted local cultural relic bureau officers and information providers

Jiang Yanfei Director Shizhu Cultural Management Institution

Jiang Ping Department director

Shizhu Cultural Management Institution

Yang Shao Director Youyang Cultural Management Institution

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B. LAWS AND STANDARDS

5. The main laws and regulations pertaining to the protection of physical cultural resources in the PRC and Chongqing Municipality are listed here:

(i) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics (2002); (ii) Rules of Implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on

Protection of Cultural Relics (2002); (iii) Methods of Chongqing Municipality for Implementation of the Law of the People’s

Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics (2005); (iv) PRC Regulation on Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities, Towns

and Villages (2005).

C. CULTURAL RESOURCES WITHIN THE PROJECTS’ AREA OF INFLUENCE

1. Youyang

6. Two cultural relic sites have been identified in Longtan township, including: (i) Zhao Shiyan Martyr Memorial Hall, and (ii) Longtan Ancient Town (Figure A3.1).

Figure A3.1: Location of Physical Cultural Relic Sites and Protection Zoning in Longtan

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Zhao Shiyan Martyr Memorial Hall

7. Zhao Shiyan Martyr Memorial Hall is located on the left bank, 350m away from the Longtan River. The elevation of the memorial hall is 325m-327m, 2-3m higher than the level of a one-in-100-year flood.

8. Zhao Shiyan Martyr Memorial Hall is a National Key Cultural Relics Protection Object and National Patriotism Education Demonstration Base. It is rated as one of the 100 National Classic Red Tourism Scenic Spots. The memorial hall has a floor area of 11,800 square meters and a construction area of 2,670 square meters. It is divided into six parts: the Zhao Shiyan’s Former Residence, the Zhao Shiyan Martyr Exhibition Hall, the Zhao Shiyan Martyr Condolence Square, the Tourist Reception Center, the Ecological Parking Lot and green belts. The Zhao Shiyan’s Former Residence started to construct in 1902 (Qing Dynasty). With a floor area of 1,605 square meters and construction area of 710 square meters, being a brick-wooden structure, the former residence is a complex courtyard that is in line with the style of PRC’s southern traditional residential architecture. From April 2008, the Youyang County Government renovated Zhao Shiyan’s Former Residence and rebuilt the Exhibition Hall.

Zhao Shiyan’s Former Residence Exihibition Hall

Figure A3.2: Zhao Shiyan Martyr Memorial Hall

Longtan Ancient Town

9. Longtan Ancient Town has the status of “PRC’s famous historical and cultural town”, “Top 10 Famous Historical and Cultural Towns of Chongqing” and “National Patriotism Education Resource”. Demonstrating the combined architectural features of houses in Sichuan and Chongqing and Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Longtan is an ancient town of municipal importance. Longtan Ancient Town can be traced back to the early years of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. With a building complex involving a land occupation of 1.4km2 and still maintaining the architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Longtan Ancient Town is the largest and the best preserved ancient town in Chongqing.

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Figure A3.3: Longtan Ancient Town

10. The cultural relic units within the Longtan Ancient Town include the Wanshou Palace, Wang’s Grand Courtyard, the Wu’s Grand Courtyard, the Palace of Emperor Yu, the Wanshou Palace, and the Palace of the Queen of Heaven, the Gan’s Grand Courtyard, the Zhao’s Grand Courtyard and the Ancient Dock. In addition, Longtan Town is also known for its ancient stone streets, its suspended wooden buildings, the ancient park site, the Yinzi Houses (in the shape of an Official Seal), the gallery bridges, the temples and ancient wells. Among the above mentioned, the Wanshou Palace is a provincial level cultural relic protection unit while the rest are under county level cultural relic protection. Wanshou Palace and river bank dock sites are close to the project river, and thus further described below.

11. Wanshou Palace: Located in the middle of the block along Longtan River , the Wanshou Palace (also called Longevity Palace) was built in 1738, Qing Dynasty (Figure A3.4). The palace was used as a temporary staying house for emperor and empress during inspection tour, and also used as a worship place for local officers to receive imperial edict. The palace has a floor area of 3,600 square meters with two yards and three entrances. The imperial palace style construction structure, inscribed boards, carvings, and wall paintings have important historic value for cultural study of ancient towns.

Figure A3.4: Wanzhou Palace

12. The river bank dock sites with heritage value include Fuxing Dock, Zhaojia Dock, Ganjia Dock, Chenjia Dock, Zhouyoufang Dock, Upper Dock, Big Dock, Medium Dock and Fourth Dock. All these docks face east and are stone structures, with a cambered unloading platform on the lower part paved with block stones and a stone-paved stairway with straight and curved

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sections designed according to the local terrain leading to the markets and merchant areas in the old town. These docks cover between several hundred and a thousand square meters each (Figure A3.5).

Figure A3.5: Docks along the Longtan River

13. The docks currently have lost their original function, and parts of the docks became the place for washing and leisure. Others are abandoned and lack protection and are partly damaged.

14. A conservation plan for the old town (Youyang County Longtan Town famous historical and cultural town conservation plan) has been established in 2003. The plan defines the following goals:

(i) Protection of the traditional style of the historical and cultural town, and continuation and development of the spirit of national culture;

(ii) Socio-economic development to meet the growing material and cultural needs of residents;

(iii) Exploration of development models suitable for characteristics of PRC’s small towns in the process of urbanization.

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15. The plan also defines the protection objectives in terms of physical cultural resources, as follows:

(i) Protection of the overall style: A traditional stone slate street neighborhood;

(ii) Protection of traditional streets: Stone slate streets start and end in an orderly manner and slope gently. The buildings on both sides and streets complement each other, reflecting the essence of the Longtan Old Town and its architecture. As traditional neighborhood streets these are under special protection.

(iii) Protection of key architecture: The key architecture of Longtan Ancient Town includes palaces and temples represented by Wanshou Palace, Yuwang Temple, and Wangye Temple, and well-preserved residential houses, piers, and bridges, with features of Bayu (“Old Chongqing”) mountainous areas.

16. The Plan has demarcated the areas near the Longtan Ancient Town into three protection zones.

(i) Core Protection Area: Shiban Street (from Fuxing Bridge to Suozi Bridge) and 25m-40m areas of both sides of the street with total area of 7.34ha. Large scale building construction is prohibited within the area;

(ii) Construction Control Area: 12.64ha area near Shiban Street, Longtan River and Chuanxiang Road. New buildings within the area should be consistent with the existing ones;

(iii) Environmental Control Area: 112.87ha area near Longtan River. Natural ecology environment along the river should be protected within the area.

2. Shizhu

17. Changling Watchtower: The Changling Watchtower is a county-level cultural relic located in the upper section of Xinchang in Xingguang village group, Xincheng Village, Yuelai Town, which geological coordinates is 30ο13’5’’ North latitude, 108ο18’15.1’’ East longitude. The tower is made of stones and composed of 6 floors (5 floors and 1 base). Floor slabs of the towers have been all destroyed, except for the remaining peripheral stone wall and an iron gate. The top of the roof is covered by purlins and tiles. There are four corner towers. Two observation decks are built on the façade, which are scattered by gun holes, and lion's heads are installed at the lower part for support and decoration. The gate of the watchtower is engraved with two lines of Chinese characters meaning moonlight and flowers. According to records, this watchtower was built in 1927. There is a stone dam in front of the watchtower, in front of which lies the wooden-structure house. The house features an eave gable roof, and the internal beams, the house is equipped with stone pillars in the front, wooden walls, latticed windows, wooden railings and one room upstairs and downstairs.

18. The watchtower has been damaged by rain, natural aging, reconstruction, etc. However it is planned to be included in the upcoming Xinchang ancient street renovation project. The proposed project road is 40 meters from the site and will not have significant impact on the watchtower.

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Figure A3.5: Position relationship between Changling Watchtower and project 19. Xinchang Ancient Village Group is located in the Xincheng Street, Xingguang village group in Xincheng Village of Yuelai Town, with coordinates of 30ο13’44.9’’ North latitude, 108ο18’48.3 East longitude and an altitude of 1,050 meters. The architectural style of the village is Tujia tradition featured by overhanging gable roofs and column-and-tie construction. The ancient Xincheng Street is approximately 500 meters, which was interrupted by a road in the middle. To avoid further destruction, the proposed Yuelai-Huangshui road has been aligned to bypass the ancient village group. Within the village group there are several physical cultural resources:

20. Changling imperial edict carving is located in the vegetable field 10 meters in front of Xincheng Village in Yuelai town. The carving is engraved with two Chinese characters of “Imperial Edict”. The characters are decorated with cloud dragon grains carving and sculptures of generals. This Imperial Edict Carving was part of a memorial archway, which had fallen apart on the ground. The history of the carving is unknown but the carving itself is exquisite.

21. Tan Yongshun Couple Tomb is located in the vegetable field 10 meters in front of the Xinchang of Xinguang Team, Xincheng Village in Yuelai town. The tomb is 7.87 meters long, 7.56 meters wide and 2.34 meters high. There are characters carvings on the gravestone from which we can see it dated from Qing Dynasty. The site is approximately 150 meters from the road project.

22. Ma’s Ancestral Hall is located in the Gucheng Primary School of Guchengba in Xincheng Village of Yuelai Town (Figure A3.6). The protected objects include the stone gate and 3 inscriptions of history of the Ma clansman and Shizhu County. The inscriptions were

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made in 1788, in Qing Dynasty. The area of the ancestral hall is 593.75 m2. In addition, there are 5 ancient trees in front of the hall, 3 cypresses and 2 osmanthus fragranses, which are all more than 200 years old. They have been identified as protected trees at county level. The Ma’s Ancestral Hall is more than 11 meters from the road. The construction will not have a big impact, but blasting and heavy mechanical equipment should be avoided in the area.

Figure A3.6: Position relationship between Ma’s Ancestral Hall and project road

23. Xuanfusi Relic is located in the Guchengba of Gucheng Team in Xincheng Village, Yuelai Town. This relic used to be the site of local government in Shizhu for 247 years in Ming Dynasty (1374). Now there are croplands and folk houses and barely any ruins in this area.

24. Chuanxindian Stone Bridge is located in the Chuanxindian of Gucheng Team, Xincheng Village in Yuelai Town (Figure A3.7). The bridge is a flat bridge over the Yuelai River, 22 meters long. It belongs to the ancient Chuane Road, and partly functions nowadays. It’s 50 meters from the proposed road project and will not be affected by the project.

Xuanfusi Relic

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Figure A3.7: Position relationship between Chuanxindian Stone Bridge and project

road

25. Xiadianzi Stone Bridge is located in the Xiadianzi of Gucheng team, Xincheng Village in Yuelai Town (Figure A3.8). The bridge is a stone flat bridge, 39.16 meters long. It’s dated from Qing Dynasty and 25 meters away from the project and will not be affected by the project.

Figure A3.8: Position relationship between Xiadianzi Stone Bridge and project

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Table A3.2: Summary of Cultural Heritages in Shizhu

Name of the Cultural Relic

Changling Watchtower

Xinchang Ancient Village

Group

Tan Yongshun Couple Tomb

Ma’s Ancestral Hall

Chuanxindian Stone Bridge

Xuanfusi Relics Xiadianzi Stone

Bridge

Protection Level County level N/A County Level County Level N/A County Level County Level

Approval Date 2010.12.30 - 2010.12.30 2010.12.30 - 2010.12.30 2011.12.31

Period Republican period Qing Qing Unknown 1374 Qing

Scale/Area 1112.64m2 593.75 m2

Geo

gra

ph

ic

coo

rdin

ates

Long. 108ο18’15.1’’ 108ο18’48.3’’ 108ο18’50.7’’ 108ο17’47.2’’ 108ο18’43.6’’ 108ο17’47.2’’ 108ο15’56.7’’

Lat. 30ο13’5’’ 30ο13’44.9’’ 30ο13’47.3’’ 30ο13’47.3’’ 30ο13’52.9’’ 30ο13’47.3’’ 30ο13’31.4’’

Altitude 1064.7 1050 1044.1 970.4 947.9 957.2

Management Institute

Culture Relics Institute







Current Protection Scope and Description

Floor slabs of the towers have been all

destroyed, except for the remaining

peripheral stone wall and an iron gate. There is a stone

dam in front of the watchtower, in front

of which lies the wooden-structure

house.

The ancient Xincheng Street is approximately

500 meters, which was

interrupted by a road in the

middle.

The tomb is 7.87 meters long, 7.56 meters wide and 2.34 meters high.

There are characters

carvings on the gravestone.

The protected objects include the stone gate and 3

inscriptions of history of the Ma

clansman and Shizhu County.

The bridge is a flat bridge over the Yuelai River, 22

meters long.

Now there are croplands and

folk houses and barely any ruins

in this area.

The bridge is also stone flat bridge,

39.16 meters long

Surroundings Near the village and

surrounded by vegetation.

Folk houses Folk houses Cropland Cropland Cropland Cropland

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D. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

26. The assessment team concluded that with exception of the Longtan River Embankment component and the Shizhu Road component, the project will not impact on physical cultural resources (Table A3.3). Possible impacts and risks, as well as mitigation and protection measures for the two components with potential impacts, are described below.

Table A3.3: Impact categories for cultural and historical sites

Project component Construction Type Relevant cultural

and historical relics

Relation between project and cultural and historical relic

locations

Impact category

Youyang Flood Control Project

Longtan River Embankment

Longtan Ancient Town, Former

Residence of Zhao Shiyan Martyr

Construction site is in the Environment

Control Zone B

Shizhu Road Project Roads

Changling Watchtower,

Xinchang Village Group

Construction site is in the Construction Zone

B

Rongchang Flood Control Project

Rongfeng River Embankment

None No impact D

Wulong Flood Control Project

Wujiang River Embankment

None No impact D

Fuling Road Project Roads None No impact D

Chengkou Road Project

Roads None No impact D

Wanzhou Water Supply Project

Water supply None No impact D

1. Youyang

27. The significance of potential impacts to cultural heritage sites has been assessed in a report by the Chongqing University Urban Planning College. This assessment is based upon the location of the construction site in relation to known cultural heritage elements. Additionally, in these regions all projects have the potential to affect as yet undiscovered sites and archaeological deposits which may be revealed during construction. The legislation has provisions for unexpected finds and these are included in the EMP and conditions of contractor contracts.

28. Zhao Shiyan Martyr Memorial Hall is located on the left bank and 350m away from the Longtan River. The elevation of the memorial hall is 325m-327m, 2-3m higher than the level of the one-in-100-years flood. There will be no direct impact on this cultural relic site.

29. The embankment work is not within the Core Protection Zone and Construction Control Zone of the Longtan Ancient Town. Construction activities are allowed according to the relevant regulations. However, since the project will be within the Environmental Control Zone of the Longtan Old Town, special safeguard measures are required:

(i) During PPTA, the FSR has been revised to protect the Longtan Ancient Town by

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taking out the originally proposed embankment work along the west bank close to the Longtan Ancient Town;

(ii) During detail design, design in line with the objectives of the protection plan should be ensured. Ecological retaining walls are suggested where practical. For the section where cantilever retaining walls are necessary, wall climbing plants should be grown to cover the wall surface.

2. Shizhu

30. Xiadianzi Stone Bridge is a county level protected cultural relic site. The distance of the road to the bridge is 14 meters. There will not be significant impact to the site, but vibration must be limited to avoid damage to the bridge structure.

31. Ma’s Ancestral Hall and Xuanfusi Relics are county level protected cultural relic sites. The road is 21 meters away from the Ma’s Ancestral Hall and 50 meters from the core protected area of Xuanfusi Relics. The road is in the construction control zone of the Hall. There will not be significant impact to the sites. Vibration and blasting must be controlled.

32. Changling Watchtower, Tan Yongshun Couple Tomb and Xinchang Ancient Village are County level protected cultural relic sites. The road from Huangshui to Yuelai has been redesigned from the original road to bypass the Changling Watchtower and Xinchang Village Group. The distance of the road to Changling Watchtower is 32 meters; to Xinchang Ancient Street is 31 meters, and 100 meters for Tan Yongshun Couple Tomb. The proposed road is in the construction control zone. The alignment of the project has been approved by the local cultural conservation authorities. There will not be significant impact to the sites.

33. Chuanxindian Stone Bridge has not been defined as a county level protected cultural relic site, but must be considered a non-removable cultural relic site. The distance of the road to the bridge is 20 meters. There will not be significant impact to the site.

3. Mitigation and protection measures during project construction and operation

34. During construction, earthwork, including side slope protection, filling and excavation may induce soil erosion and vegetation deterioration, which may change the original environment of the cultural relics, or even threat the safety of the relics. Original drainage systems of Xinchang Ancient Village Group and Longtan Old Town may be harmed if not protected during excavation works. Therefore, the design of the road construction should avoid large scale of filling and excavation works near all relics along the road and carefully assessed and designed to protect the intactness of relics.

35. When there is pollution to the river, the material of the stone bridges may be polluted. Also, the vibration generated may have negative impact on the structure and foundation of cultural heritage constructions. For example, the Changling Watchtower has been in a poor condition, and vibration could have potential to destroy the stone wall and wood structures. Furthermore, dust from construction site could stain PCRs without proper measures.

36. During operation, vibration from the traffic may do harm to the structure of cultural relics, but impacts will be minor.

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37. Mitigation measures include:

i. The Youyang and Shizhu county cultural relics bureaus will be members of the

respective subproject PLGs (project leading groups) and advise on required protection

and mitigation measures;

ii. Local cultural relic protection staff will regularly inspect all phases of work in Shizhu road

and Youyang flood management subprojects and advise on on-site impact mitigation

measures;

iii. To avoid any false claims, contractors will document cultural relics in the project area of

influence prior to start of construction to ensure that a true record of their pre-

construction condition is kept. This will primarily involve photographs regarding the fabric

of the bridges and buildings, the condition of the walls etc. This will be done in

collaboration with the caretakers of the sites.

iv. Monitoring equipment will be installed at the relic sites to monitor vibration during

construction;

v. Blasting will be prohibited in road sections near physical cultural relics;

vi. Separation barriers will be applied between cultural relics and construction sites to

mitigate noise and dusts;

vii. Access to protected sites by construction workers will be strictly controlled;

viii. Borrow pits, spoil disposal sites, construction roads and temporary roads will be

arranged away from the protection areas of cultural relics;

ix. Construction site drainage and wastewater, as well as storm water drainage during

operation, will be directed away from the cultural relic sites;

x. Chance find procedures will be established for undiscovered underground cultural or

historic sites that might be identified during project implementation.

E. CONCLUSION

38. In summary, potential impacts on physical cultural resources in the projects’ area of influence in Youyang and Shizhu counties during construction and operation are not significant. The construction is outside the core protection areas of all cultural relic sites. Protection measures have been defined which will reduce risks and impacts to acceptable level. Construction work will be supervised by relevant cultural relics authorities.

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