EIA Directive

The EIA Directive

• The EIA Directive requires projects likely to have significant effects on the environment

• ‘project’ means:

- the execution of construction works or of other installations or schemes,

- other interventions in the natural surroundings and landscape including those involving the extraction of mineral resources.

See the European Commission’s web pages on environmental assessment at:http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/eia/home.htm

Projects subject to EIA

Project listed in ANNEX I Mandatory

EIA

Project listed in ANNEX II

“Screening”By competent authoroties to decide if EIA

needed or not

•Crude-oil refineries gasification and liquefaction •Thermal power stations installations for the production and conversion of fissionable and fertile materials•Installations for the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuel.•Integrated works for the initial smelting of cast-iron and steel;•Installations for the extraction of asbestos •Integrated chemical installations, •Construction of lines for long-distance railway traffic and of airports •Inland waterways and ports for inland-waterway traffic •Waste disposal installations for the incineration, chemical treatment •Groundwater abstraction or artificialgroundwater recharge schemes •Works for the transfer of water resources •Waste water treatment plants •Extraction of petroleum and naturalgas for commercial purposes •Dams and other installations designed for the holding back or permanent storage of water•Pipelines for the transport of gas,oil or chemicals •Installations for the intensive rearing of poultry or pigs •Industrial plants for the production of pulp, or paper and board •Quarries and open-cast mining •Construction of overhead electrical power lines •Installations for storage of petroleum, petrochemical, or chemical products •Any change to or extension of projects listed in this Annex where such a change or extension in itself meets the thresholds, if any, set out in this Annex.

Project categories listed in Annex I

•Agriculture, silviculture and aquaculture

•Extractive industry

•Energy industry

•Production and processing of metals

•Mineral industry

•Chemical industry (Projects not included in Annex I)

•Food industry

•Textile,leather,wood and paper industries

•Rubber industry

•Infrastructure projects

•Tourism and leisure

•Any change or extension of projects listed in Annex I or Annex II,

already authorized, executed or in the process of being executed, which

may have significant adverse effects on the environment

Project macro-categories listed in Annex II

For more information on BREFs and updated versions, seehttp://www.eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm.

EIA project categories contained in adopted BREFs

For more information on BREFs and updated versions, seehttp://www.eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm.

EIA project categories contained in adopted BREFs

For more information on BREFs and updated versions, seehttp://www.eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm.

EIA project categories contained in adopted BREFs

For more information on BREFs and updated versions, seehttp://www.eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm.

EIA project categories contained in adopted BREFs

The EIA phases

Screening (does the project require EIA?)

Screening (does the project require EIA?)

Baseline studies (establish the environmental

baseline)

Baseline studies (establish the environmental

baseline)

Alternatives (consider the different approaches)

Alternatives (consider the different approaches)

Mitigation (what can be done to alleviate negative

impacts?)

Mitigation (what can be done to alleviate negative

impacts?)

EIS preparation/review

(document the EIA findings)

EIS preparation/review

(document the EIA findings)

Public consultation (consult general public and

NGOs)

Public consultation (consult general public and

NGOs)

Monitoring (monitor impacts of project)

Monitoring (monitor impacts of project)

Impact prediction (forecast the environmental

impacts)

Impact prediction (forecast the environmental

impacts)

Impact assessment (interpreting the impacts)

Impact assessment (interpreting the impacts)

EIA approval procedure

By interested Public Administrations

By anyone interested

Private or public project developer Project subject to EIA

Submission of EIA application

Screening

Preliminary phase Publication to inform about submission of EIA

application

Date of the last publication

Presentation to the public

Presentation of comments

Presentation of opinions

Eventual request of integration

Within 90 days

Within 60 days

Within 20 days

Within 120 days

Within 60 days

Within 60 days

Within 150 days

Decision of the EIA Commission

EIA Commission

The EIA Commission is made up of:• The director of the regional EIA Office• The general director of the regional Environmental Agency (ARPAV)

• The director of provincial Department of the Environmental Agency • The director of the provincial Environment Office of the Environmental Agency • 9 experts in the following fields:

EXPERTISE IN EIA COMMISSIONEXPERTISE IN EIA COMMISSION

Environmental analysisEnvironmental analysis Urban, territorial and landscape Urban, territorial and landscape planningplanning

Protection of biological species and of Protection of biological species and of biodiversitybiodiversity Protection of soilProtection of soil

Containment of contaminantsContainment of contaminants Risk analysis for industrial accidentsRisk analysis for industrial accidents

Acoustic emissionsAcoustic emissions Cultural heritageCultural heritage

Human healthHuman health Protection of agronomic and forest Protection of agronomic and forest structurestructure

EIA Methodology

Step 0

Step 1Step 2 Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Frameworks of the Environment Impact Statement

Programmatic frameworkVerification of coherence between the project being evaluated and the contents of priority plans or programmes

Project frameworkDescription of the alternatives and of the final project solution

Environmental frameworkDescription of the current conditions of the environment and assessmentof no development conditions and of conditions with development

Table of contents of the ES (1)

CHAPTERS

1.Presentation of the project

1.1 General characteristics of the project

1.2 Description of the territorial and infrastructural context

1.3 Interdisciplinary working group

2. Programmatic framework

2.1 Territorial and urban plans (local, provincial and regional)

2.2 Environmental and sectorial plans

2.3 Coherence relationship of the project with the plans’ objectives

3. Project framework

3.1 Current status of the area

3.2 Analysis of the alternatives

3.3 Description of the project solution

3.3.1 Construction phase

3.3.2 Operational phase

3.3.3 Closure phase

3.3.4 Benefit-cost analysis

Urban Plan

Provincial Territorial Plan (bonds)

Table of contents of the ES (2)

4. Environmental framework

4.1 Analysis of the current status of the environmental matrixes

4.2 Assessment of potential impacts

4.3 Mitigation measures

5. Conclusions

Technical Annexes

Assessment of the effects on Rete Natura 2000 sites

Prevision of acoustic emission

Prevision of air contaminants emissions

Prevision of odour emissions

Analysis of the road capacity and calculation of generated traffic

Assessment of the impact on the landscape

…..

Average precipitation

Rete Natura 2000

Content of EIA Analysis

• The EIA should identify, describe and assess the direct and indirect effects of a project on the following factors:

– human beings, fauna and flora

– soil, water, air, climate and the landscape

– material assets and cultural heritage

– the interaction between the above factors

Assessment of potential impacts

ANNEX III, pt. 3 - Characteristics of the potential impactThe potential significant effects of projects must be considered in relation to criteria […], and having regard in particular to:- the extent of the impact (geographical area and size of the affected population),- the transfrontier nature of the impact,- the magnitude and complexity of the impact,- the probability of the impact,- the duration, frequency and reversibility of the impact.

In accordance with the requirements of EIA Directive 85/337/EC as amended by Directive

97/11/EC

EIA Methodology

• Magnitude criterion (M) [1-5] linked to:- extent- harmfulness- duration- economic aspects

• Frequency criterion (F) [1-5]

• Detection criterion (D) [1-5]

EF = M x F x DEF = M x F x D

Environmental Factor Types of impact

1≤EF≤8 Non significant

9≤EF≤27 Slightly significant

EF≥28 Significant

for each process phase

EIA: Case studies

ProjectsWind power plant

Biomass plant (vegetable oil)

Location: Municipality of Buseto Palizzolo (TP)Power: 30 MWEnergy: 90.027 MWh/yearNet energia: 79.707 MWh/yearProcedures:EIA, Assessement on Rete Natura 2000

Location: Municipality of Staranzano (GO)Power: 55 MWeEnergy: 438.132 MWh/yearNet energy: 419.749 MWh/yearProcedures: EIA, IPPC, Assessment on Rete Natura 2000

48.948 t/a CO2 avoided

257.726 t/a CO2 avoided

ProjectsAD plant from waste

AD plant from animal manure and agricultural biomass

Location: Municipality of Maniago (PN)Power: 2.440 kWeElectric energy: 18.500 MWh/yearProcedures: EIA, Assessment on Rete Natura 2000

Location: Municipality of San Benedetto Po (MN)Power: 1.750 kWeElectric energy: 13.400 MWh/yearProcedures: Assessment on Rete Natura 2000

11.188 t/a CO2 avoided

ProjectsBiomass plant (from wood)

Hydroelectric plant

Location: Municipality of Castellavazzo (BL)Power: 4,7 MWe Electric energy: 34.000 MWh/yearProcedures: Regional authorisation – Assessment for Rete Natura 2000

Location: Municipality of Piancogno (BS)Power: 2147,23 kW Procedures: EIA Screening, Assessment for Rete Natura 2000

Enviromemtal Impact Assessment

Traffico

Public opinion

Waste production

Energy and water consumption

Endangered species

Noise

Landscape

Air emissions

Traffic

Land use

Torrente Cellina

Area di progetto

SP27 SP27 VivarinaVivarina

Torrente Cellina

Area di progetto

SP27 SP27 VivarinaVivarina

Project of an integrated composting - AD plant

Total annual capacity280.000 t/year

Treatment of biowaste from separate collection and organic special waste•25% green waste•75% biowaste and agro-industrial sludges

ENERGY PRODUCTION

Electric energy production: 18,5 GWh/year

• 10 GWh/year for internal consumption

• 8,5 GWh/year sold

Project area

Project of an integrated composting - AD plant

Composting building

Wastewater treatment plant

Biodigesterse post-digesters

Gasometer

Cogeneration plant

Biofilter

Biocells

PROTECTED AREAS

AREA DI PROGETTO

Areas of priority environmental interest

Administrative limits

Hydrogeological constraint

International Bird Area

Rete Natura 2000 - SIC

Programmatic framework

PROCESS SCHEME FOR COMPOSTING

PROCESS SCHEME FOR AD

GASOMETER

BIODIGESTERS

Project framework

RECEPTORS

ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS

Rc1: Building (700 m)

Rc2: House (1000 m)

Environmental framework

Propagazione sonora DIURNO

Propagazione sonora NOTTURNO

VERIFICATION OF RESPECT OF IMMISSION LIMITS AT THE RECEPTORS

ACOUSTIC SOURCES

Environmental framework

ACUSTIC EMISSIONS

TRAFFIC

Impianto

Environmental framework

REPRESENTATION OF TRAFFIC FLUXES GENERATED

BY THE PLANT

Environmental framework

VEHICLE FLUXES (current+future)

ANALYSIS OF THE INTERSECTIONS

7 9

3

2

5

4

STOP

INTERSEZIONE A T

MANIAGO VIVARO

SITO IMPIANTO

Environmental framework

ODOUR EMISSIONSApplication of a model

CALPUFF

Respect of the accettable level

(3 OU/m3)

Sensible receptors < 1 OU/m3

In urbancentres

< 0,5 OU/m3

SOURCE: biofilters

Environmental framework

IntroduzioneQuadro di riferimento

programmaticoQuadro di riferimento

progettualeStima degli

impattiMisure di

mitigazione

POINT EMISSIONS (COGENERATORS)

Application of a model ISC3

ContaminantsPM10, CO, NOx, SO2

CARATTERISTICHEDELLA SORGENTE

CONCENTRAZIONEINQUINANTI AL SUOLO

DEFINIZIONE DELDOMINIO DI CALCOLO

DATI METEOCLIMATICI(ARPA FVG)

MODELLO DIDISPERSIONE

ISC3

SOURCE: exhaust chimney of the engines (internal combustion)

Mitigations

• “Improvement” according to Best Available Techniques International: Best REFerence documents (BREF)

National guidelines

• Technical mitigation measures

• Mitigazione by vegetation

Technical mitigation measuresLEGENDA

Mitigation by vegetation

Bagolaro

Carpino bianco

Macchia arborea

DATA AVAILABILITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS M F D EF MITIGATION MEASURES

J odour emissions due to the putrescibility of the input material

3 5 3 45Composting building in depressionAir treatment with scrubber and biofiltration system

J acoustic emissions due to the use of machinaries (shredder, sieve and squeezer)

2,75 5 1 13,75 In closed building

J electricity supply for machinaries and fuel consumption for internal vehicles

2 5 2 20 Energy recovery from biogas combustion

J production of dust due to compost storage

2,5 5 1 12,5 Covered storage area

J odour emissions due to the possible formation of anaerobic areas

3 3 3 27Composting building in depressionTreatment of the exhaust gas with scrubber and biofilter

J water consumption for the scrubber and the biofilter

2,25 5 2 22,5

J acoustic emissions due to the air insufflation system

2,75 5 1 13,75 In closed building

J energy supply for the forced aeration and the automatic turning of the piles

2,75 5 2 27,5 Energy recovery from biogas combustion

J production of digestate 3 5 2 30Partially used to moisten the composting biocells

J acoustic emissions 1,75 5 1 8,75

J emissions of gaseous pollutants (CO, NOx, PM, SO2, etc.)

2,75 5 2 27,5 CO abatement system

J acoustic emissions from the cogenerators

3 5 1 15 Acoustic coibentation

J greenhouse gases emissions 2,5 5 2 25

J acoustic emissions from the vehicles 2,25 4 1 9

J greenhouse gases emissions 2,25 4 2 18

J fuel consumption 2 4 2 16

J odour emissions due to the putrescibility of the material

1,75 4 3 21 Washing of transport vehicles

LEGEND

J NIREC project data

K Literature data

PROCESS PHASES

Un

de

r o

rdin

ary

wo

rkin

g c

on

dit

ion

s

Food and garden waste composting

Waste pre-treatment

Energy production

Waste transport

Anaerobic digestion

SCENARIO 0 (reference plant)Final Assessment Matrix

The recovery of municipal waste to produce energy and heat

Gabriella Chiellino – CEO eAmbiente Srl

an example of integrated planning made in Italy

Priorities in waste management Directive 2006/12/EC introduced some key concepts such as:

minimisation, recovery and disposal

WASTE HIERARCHYWASTE HIERARCHY

Directive 2008/98/EC

•A revision of previous Directive 2006/12/EC in order to clarify key concepts and to strengthen the measures that must be taken in regard to waste prevention, to introduce a new approach:

•To take into account the whole life-cycle of products and materials and not only the waste phase•To focus on reducing the environmental impacts of waste generation and waste management, thereby strengthening the economic value of waste, in order to conserve natural resources.

Who is S.E.S.A.?

Since 1995 technological partner

of the City of Este (PD)

Municipal Solid Waste collection

and transportation

Non-hazardous municipal solid waste

disposal and management system

Composting plant

management

Selection plant management

Purification and wastewater treatment Service

The separated waste collection

S.E.S.A.’s integrated waste treatment and recovery starts with a separated waste collection

Through this separated waste collection the population is encouraged to:+Recycle paper, tin, glass, plastic+Use compostable garbage bags+Recover organic matter Compost+Produce energy (electric and thermal) from solid waste and from organic waste

S.E.S.A. plant: integrated waste management

Landfill

Composting plant

(organic waste)

Selection plant

Anaerobic digestion

Composting plant (municipal solid

and special waste)

Good practices in action

Best Available Techniques implemented to improve SESA Best Available Techniques implemented to improve SESA outputoutput

National Waste management Guidelines, 2007

Adoption of management procedures:Waste managementWater managementMonitoring program olfactometricCertification

December 2004

ISO 9001

December 2006

OHSAS 18001

November 2002

ISO 14001

July 2009

EMAS

July 2006

ISO 17025

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMCERTIFICATION

QUALITY MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMCERTIFICATION

INTERNAL LABORATORY

ACCREDITATION

SAFETYMANAGEMENT

SYSTEM CERTIFICATION

VOLUNTARYMANAGEMENT

SYSTEMCERTIFICATION

S.E.S.A. certifications

WASTE RECOVERY

Organic Fraction of Municipal solid waste (OFMSW)

Collection and transport

Heat productionBiogas

burning

Composting

Compost

Biodigestion

Electricity production

HEAT PRODUCTION RECOVERY

Heat production

DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK

Hospital Private users

Schools

USERS

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

1 MWyear of electric energy produced equals:

CO2 carbon dioxide: 604,5 ton/year

SO2 sulphur dioxide: 1,35 ton/year

NO2 nitrogen dioxide: 1,82 ton/year

Dust: 23,95 kg/year

Avoided emissions:

Fossil fuel saved: 216,2 TEP/year

Biodigestors with 7.000 m3

capacity

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

5 cogeneration engines

Total thermal power = 3,79 MWt

Total electric power = 3,90 MWe

COGENERATION SYSTEM

……heat recovery heat recovery from exhaust from exhaust

fumes …fumes …

COGENERATION SYSTEM

…using biogas produced by waste management

A network which provides heat to

public and private users…

DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK

DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK

Realization phases of the heating network

along existing roads…

…without consuming green land

USERS CONNECTEDUSERS kW

Users in the City of Ospedaletto Euganeo

City Hall 150

“Parini” School 400

Sport center 35

“G.B.Ferrari” School 385

Library 200

Euganea Bank 1 100

Euganea Bank 2 200

“GARDEN” Restaurant 120

Santinato Tiziano 35

Users in the City of Este

Manfredini – Centrale SE 500

Manfredini – Centrale NO 700

Civil Hospital 3.500

TOTAL 6.325

Prof. Gabriella Chiellino

Work e-mail :chiellino@eambiente.it

Address: Parco Tecnologico e Scientifico VEGA-edificio Auriga

Via delle Industrie 9– 30175 Marghera VENEZIA Italy

www.eambiente.it

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