HOUSE DRAINAGE PLAN

TESTING OF DRAINS AND PIPESENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

-: CREATED BY :-AALAY MEHTA 141080106011SHIVANI PATEL 141080106021KAVIN RAVAL 141080106026KUNTAL SONI 141080106028

-: SUBMITTED TO :-PROF. KINNARY RANGPARIYA

CONTENT

HOUSE DRAINAGE PLAN TESTING OF DRAINS AND PIPES

HOUSE DRAINAGE PLAN

Before starting the plumbing work, it is most essential first to prepare the drainage plan.

The site plan is drawn to a suitable scale, showing onto it the position of baths, w.c., Urinals, wash basins, and other units, along with the position of gully traps and floor traps.

The longitudinal section of the drain is also drawn, showing distances, invert levels, size and levels of inspection chambers and man holes, gradient of pipes and position and level of the public sewer.

HOUSE DRAINAGE PLAN

The following points should be kept in mind while preparing the drainage plan:

1. the drains should be laid in such a way so as to remove the sewage quickly from the building. The drains should be laid at a slope that self cleansing velocity is developed in them.

the following slopes are usually sufficient :

Diameter of pipe Gradient100 mm 1 in 40150 mm 1 in 60230 mm 1 in 90

HOUSE DRAINAGE PLAN2. Entire drainage system should be properly ventilated on the house side. The

ventilation pipe should be carried sufficiently high above the buildings. All the inspection chambers should be provided with fresh air inlets.

3. All the drains should be laid in such a way so as to ensure their safety in future. 4. The drain should be laid in such a way that in future, extension can be done

easily.5. All soil pipes should be carried direct to the manholes without gully trap.6. Pipes should be laid in straight lines both horizontal as well as in the vertical

directions . Any abrupt change in the direction of the flow should be avoided.7. Where pipes intersect or where there is change in the direction of pipe .

Inspection chambers should be provided.8. All rain water pipes should discharge over gully traps and should be

disconnected from the drains.

HOUSE DRAINAGE PLAN

TESTING OF DRAINS AND PIPES

After laying the house drains and fittings in the pipes , their water tightness should be ascertained by applying various tests . The drains are usually tested in sections between successive chambers, and vertical pipes are tested in groups having one common inspection chamber.

The following tests are usually conducted :1. Air test2. Coloured water test3. Hydraulic test4. Smell test5. Smoke test

TESTING OF DRAINS AND PIPESair test

The air test can be applied from underground and vertical pipes. The particular section is selected and the plugs are provided at the upper and lower ends. The air is forced in the pipe by suitable equipment such as pump. The leaky joints are found out by applying soap solution. The escape of air from leaky joints will form bubbles which are visible . These joints are then repaired.

TESTING OF DRAINS AND PIPEScoloured water test

When coloured water is allowed to flow from one point to the other point of the drain, it will come out through the leaky joints. Thus, the leakage can be detected and suitable remedies may be applied.

TESTING OF DRAINS AND PIPEShydraulic test

This is the most important test which is applied for the water tightness of the underground drains . The lower end is provided with a plug and at the upper manhole, the water is filled to a height of about 600mm to 900mm in case of house drains. If there is no drop in water level for a period of about 10 minutes, it can be safely assumed that no joint is leaking. Otherwise from leaky joints are detected and repaired.

TESTING OF DRAINS AND PIPESsmell test

This test is similar to the air test. But, in this case air is mixed with some smelling gas which can be easily recognized. Such air is allowed to pass through the drain. The escape of air fro leaky joints is detected by smell and such joints are then repaired.

TESTING OF DRAINS AND PIPESsmoke test

This test is also similar to the air test, except that the smoke is introduced in the drains instead of air. The test is generally applied for detecting leakage in existing drains.

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