Environmental Diseases and Hazards. Hazards and Diseases Environmental Pollution Chemicals Physical...
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Transcript of Environmental Diseases and Hazards. Hazards and Diseases Environmental Pollution Chemicals Physical...
Air Pollution Chemicals
Hydrocarbons Sulfur Oxides Nitrogen Oxides Ozone Free radicals
Factors Solubility in water Particle size Concentration Chemical reactivity Duration of exposure Host clearance
Effects Respiratory
Irritation Fibrosis cancer
Asbestosis Forms
Serpentine (curly) Amphibole (straight)
Sources Insulation
Diseases Interstitial fibrosis Cancers
Bronchi Larynx Mesothelioma
Pleural effusions
Silica Silicone Dioxide
Crystalline: Quartz Amorphous: Talc
Sources Sandblasting Quarrying Stone cutting Ceramics
Nodular fibrosis
Berylliosis Beryllium Source
Aerospace Nuclear
Disease Acute pneumonitis Delayed
hypersensitivty granulomatous lesions in the lung
Chemical Therapeutic Agents
Dose Metabolism Detoxification Absorption Excretion Drug Interactions Immune response
ADR clinical symptoms Blood: aplastic anemia, pancytopenia Cutaneous: hives, macules, papules, petechiae Cardiac: dysrythmias, cardiomyopathy Renal: tubular necrosis, glomerular nephritis, interstitial
nephritis
Pulmonary: asthma, pneumonitis, interstitial fibrosis
Hepatic: fatty liver, cholestasis, hepatocellular damage
Systemic: anaphylaxis, lupus CNS: tinnitus, dystonia, respiratory depression
Cocaine Source: coca plant Chemical: Cocaine
hydrochloride Forms
Crystalline: Crack Powder (diluted with talc)
Effects Acute
Stroke, MI, and Dysrhythmias
Artery vasoconstriction Disrupts Na+, Ca++, K+
Facilitates NT (blocks reuptake) Dopamine Epinephrine NE
Chronic Respiratory gas exchange Reproductive
Teratogenesis Premature labor Abruptio placenta
Heroin Source: Poppy plant Forms/Use
Diluted powder IV, SC
Effects Sudden death Pulmonary
Edema Abscess Granulomas
Infections : skin, heart, liver Bacterial, fungal, viral
Kidney disease
Marijuana Source
Cannabis sativa THC active chemical
Use Smoke Ingested
Effects CNS: cognitive/psychomotor Respiratory Angina Chromosome damage
(germ cells)
Inhalants
Source Glue Paint thinner Nail polish
remover Other Aerosols
Effects CNS depression Heart failure
Mechanical Trauma Type of object Amount of energy discharged Tissue/Organ affected at point of impact Patterns of injury
Abrasion Contusion vs. Concussion Laceration Incised wound Puncture wounds
Trauma: 3rd leading cause of death
Head: Brain, Skull, Eardrum Chest: Ribs, Heart, Lungs Abdominopelvic
Hemorrhage Shock Organ perforation Bacteria
Neck/Spine: Spinal Cord Extremities: Sprains, Strains, Fx
Physical Agents Temperature Ionizing Radiation Pressure (ATM) Electrical Poisoning Near Drowning Bites/Stings Asphyxiation Burns
Ionizing Radiation Forms
Electromagnetic X-rays Gamma rays
High Energy Alpha particles Beta particles
Effects Dosage dependant Oxygen reaction (ROS) DNA damage
Electrical Injury Source
Low Voltage Hight Voltage Electromagnetic fields
Injury Burns Ventricular fibrillation Cancer (EMFs)
Formula F = P (voltage)/R
[ohms] Amperes [current flow]
can kill