Environmental Controls I/IGEnvironmental Controls I/IGEnvironmental Controls I/IGEnvironmental Controls I/IG

Lecture 11Lecture 11Passive HeatingPassive Heating

Photovoltaics and Active Solar PanelsPhotovoltaics and Active Solar Panels

Lecture 11Lecture 11Passive HeatingPassive Heating

Photovoltaics and Active Solar PanelsPhotovoltaics and Active Solar Panels

Passive HeatingPassive HeatingPassive HeatingPassive Heating

Passive Solar HeatingPassive Solar Heating

Zoning:

Solar Gain varies throughout the day

Configure building in accordance thermal patterns and usage needs

Passive Solar HeatingPassive Solar Heating

Three major types:

Thermal MassThermal Mass

Creates time lag for indoor air temperature changes and reduces temperature swings

L: p. 154, F7.6c&d

Note: Temperature swings ≥ 13ºF are not acceptable

Thermal Mass & InsulationThermal Mass & Insulation

Insulation decreases temperature swings

Direct Gain SystemDirect Gain System

Heat gain occurs directly in living space

Mass moderates the “greenhouse effect”

L: p. 154 Fig. 7.6a&b

Direct Gain Sizing Direct Gain Sizing GuidelinesGuidelines

Glazing area

L: p.156 T7.7a

Direct Gain Sizing Direct Gain Sizing GuidelinesGuidelines

Thermal Mass

L: p.157, T7.7B

Direct Gain—Sizing ExampleDirect Gain—Sizing Example

Design a direct gain system with night insulation for Salt Lake City for a 40’ x 20’ (800 sf) house.

L

H

Direct Gain—Sizing ExampleDirect Gain—Sizing Example

Find glazing area

Salt Lake City

800sf x 26%=208sf

L: p.156 T7.7a

Direct Gain—Sizing ExampleDirect Gain—Sizing Example

Find thermal mass area

208sf x 3=624sf 6” thick

Revise mass location to suit designconditions

L: p.157, T7.7B

Direct Gain—Sizing ExampleDirect Gain—Sizing Example

Design a direct gain system with night insulation for Salt Lake City for a 40’ x 20’ (800 sf) house.

If glazing is 8’ tall, how long is the window?208sf/8’=26’ long

Note: verify solaraperture and adjust dimensions accordingly

26’

8’

Thermal Storage WallThermal Storage Wall

Commonly known as a “Trombe Wall”

Space between glazing and wall is not habitable

L: p. 159, F7.9a&b

Trombe WallTrombe Wall

Provides only a limited view to outdoors

Sante Fe, NM

Trombe Wall Sizing Trombe Wall Sizing GuidelinesGuidelines

Glazing area

L: p.156, T7.7a

Trombe Wall Sizing Trombe Wall Sizing GuidelinesGuidelines

Wall Thickness

L: p.163, T7.10

Sun SpacesSun Spaces

Sun spaces come in three configurations

L: p.164, F7.12a

Sun SpacesSun Spaces

Sloped glazing presents shading and space problems

L: p.161, F7.14a-c

Sun SpacesSun Spaces

Sun heat gain space separated from living space by thermal mass and operable partitions

L: pp. 164, F.7.12b&c

Sun Space OverheatingSun Space Overheating

Venting and insulation may be needed to prevent overheatingUpper and lower outside vents: each should 5% of glazing area

Upper and lower “common wall” inside vents should be ≥10% of glazing area

L: p.167, F7.14ab

Sun Space Sizing GuidelinesSun Space Sizing GuidelinesGlazing area

Note: convert sloped glazing to the vertical equivalent

L: p.156 T7.7a

Sun Space Mass Sizing Sun Space Mass Sizing GuidelinesGuidelines

Wall Thickness

L: p.168, T7.14

Photovoltaics and Photovoltaics and Solar PanelsSolar PanelsPhotovoltaics and Photovoltaics and Solar PanelsSolar Panels

PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics

Produce high grade energy (electricity)

NREL PV Testing Facility, Golden, CO

PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaicsCan be integrated into numerous building products

Entrance canopy, Thoreau Center for the Environment, San Francisco, CA

Roof shingles, NREL Testing Facility,Golden, Co

Solar PanelsSolar Panels

Produce low grade energy (warm/hot water)

Flat Plate Solar Panel, Salt Lake City, UT