Health Care Reform and West Virginia Medicaid Nancy V. Atkins, R.N., M.S.N., N.P.-B.C.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN THE CHILDBEARING CLIENT Developed by D. Ann Currie, R.N., M.S.N.
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Transcript of ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN THE CHILDBEARING CLIENT Developed by D. Ann Currie, R.N., M.S.N.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN THE CONCERNS IN THE
CHILDBEARING CLIENTCHILDBEARING CLIENTDeveloped by Developed by
D. Ann Currie , R.N., M.S.N.D. Ann Currie , R.N., M.S.N.
ENIVRONMENTAL FACTORSENIVRONMENTAL FACTORS
• EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS AGENTS OR FACTORS
• OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
• HOME
• COMMUNITY
• RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDSOCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
• EXPOSURE TO VARIOUS HAZARDOUS AGENTS IN DIFFERENT WORK SETTINGS THAT CAN EFFECT THE INDIVIDUAL,THE DEVELOPING FETUS,THE PREGNANCY’S OUTCOME,NEONATE, AND REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL
OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDSOCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
• WOMEN ARE A PART OF THE LABOR FORCE
• THE NUMBER OF WOMEN ARE INCREASING IN THE LABOR FORCE BETWEEN 18-64
• WOMEN ARE IN CIVIL AND MILITARY JOBS
• VARIOUS TYPES OF OCCUPATIONS.
EPAEPA
• ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY- FEDERAL AGENCY.
• IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS WHICH MAYBE HAZARDOUS
• INDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
• PROTECTION OF PUBLIC AND WORKERS
EPAEPA
• HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS AGENTS
• STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS AGENTS
• MSDS-MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS-BY LAW EACH COMPANY MUST HAVE THESE AVAILABLE FOR EMPLOYEES TO READ ON EACH CHEMICAL/HAZARDOUS AGENT.
• DEPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
HAZARDOUS AGENTS HAZARDOUS AGENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTIONON REPRODUCTION
ETHYLENE OXIDE-ETOETHYLENE OXIDE-ETOHALOGENATED HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONSHEAVY METALSHEAVY METALS
ORGANIC SOLVENTSORGANIC SOLVENTSIONIZING RADIATIONIONIZING RADIATION
PESTICIDESPESTICIDESHERBICIDESHERBICIDES
ETHYLENE OXIDE-ETOETHYLENE OXIDE-ETO
• USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL-FOR ANTIFREEZE,POLYESTER FIBER, FILMS, & DETERGENTS.
• USED IN STERILIZING EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
ETHYLENE OXIDE-ETOETHYLENE OXIDE-ETO
• USED A FUMIGANT IN MEDICAL PRODUCTS,FOODSTUFFS,IN LIBRARIES,& MUSEUMS
• EXPOSURE- HX OF EXPOSURE DURING ALL STAGES OF CELL DIVISION IS IMPORTANT
• EFFECTS- MAY PRODUCE MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OR SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS
HALOGENATED HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONS
• USED IN THE LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING INDUSTRIES AND RUBBER INDUSTRIES.
• EXPOSURE- OF THE MOTHER OR FATHER TO TERACHOROETHYLENE,VINYL CHLORIDE, CHOROPRENE MAY PRODUCE NEGATIVE EFFECTS.
HALOGENATED HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONS
• EFFECTS- EXPOSURE TO THESE AGENTS HAVE MUTAGENIC,TERATOGENIC, OR CARINOGENIC EFFECTS.
• MATERNAL &/or PATERNAL EXPOSURE BEFORE PREGNANCY MAY HAVE NEGATIVE IMPACT ON PRGNANCY
HALOGENATED HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS-EFFECTSHYDROCARBONS-EFFECTS
• EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY CAN HAVE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON THE PREGNANCY OR FETUS.
• LOSS OF PREGNANCY.
• EARLY FETAL DEATH
• SPONTANEOUS ABORTION.
• STILLBORNS
• BIRTH DEFECTS.
HALOGENATED HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS-EFFECTS.HYDROCARBONS-EFFECTS.
• WOMEN ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE EFFECTS OF THESE SUBSTANCES.
• INCREASED RISK OF CANCER IN WOMEN EXPOSED TO THESE AGENTS.
CADMIUMCADMIUM
• USED IN BATTERIES,PIGMENTS/PAINTS, SOLDERING LIQUIDS, SEMICONDUCTORS, PHOTOCELLS, INSECTICIDES, AND FUNGICIDES.
• *cadmium is in cigarettes b/o insecticides used in growing tobacco
CADMIUMCADMIUM
• EXPOSURE ANYTIME DURING PREGNANCY ESPECIALLY IN FIRST TRIMESTER CAN NEGATIVE EFFECTS.
• EFFECTS-SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS PREMATURE BIRTHS
• CAN DECREASE MALE FERTILITY
LEADLEAD
• USED IN GASOLINE, BATTERIES,PAINTS, INK, CERAMICS/POTTERY, AMMUNITION, AND TEXTILES.
• EXPOSURE CAN OCCUR IN STAIN GLASS ARTISTS,AUTOMOTIVE&/or AIRCRAFT PAINTERS TOO.
• EXPOSURE AT ANYTIME IN PREGNANCY
LEADLEAD
• EFFECTS-SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS PREMATURE BIRTHS,EARLY FETAL DEATHS, FETAL DEATHS,IMPAIRED NEUROLOGIC DEVELOPMENT,COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT(MENTAL RETARDATION)
MERCURYMERCURY
• USED IN MECURY VAPOR LAMPS,PAINT,AND THERMOMETERS.
• EXPOSPURE AT ANYTIME TO AGENT DURING PREGNACY ESPECIALLY FIRST TRIMESTER.
• EFFECT-SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS, DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES,AND CP
ORGANIC SOLVENTS- ORGANIC SOLVENTS- BENZENEBENZENE
• USED IN CHEMICAL LABORATORIES.
• EXPOSURE TO AGENTS CAN PRODUCE-TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OR CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS.
• TERATOGENIC EFFECTS CAN HAPPEN DURING EARLY UNDIFFERENTIATION PHASE.
IONIZING RADIATIONIONIZING RADIATION
• USED IN DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTICAL PROCEDURES IN THE HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY
• AIRPORT SECURITY
• SECURITY FOR BUILDINGS.
• X-RAYS…...
IONIZING RADIATIONIONIZING RADIATION
• TIME OF EXPOSURE MAY EFFECT THE PREGNANCY/FETUS
• MAY EFFECT FERTILITY IN BOTH MEN AND WOMEN.
• IF PREGNANT-A WOMENS EXPOSURE SHOULD NOT EXCEED 1.5 RAD DURING PREGNANCY.
•
IONIZING RADIATIONIONIZING RADIATION
• EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE-HIGH DOSES- SPONTANEOUS ABORTION, LATE FETAL DEATH, NEONATAL DEATH, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, MICROCEPHALY,MENTAL RETARDATION,INCREASE RISK OF CHILHOOD MORTALITY
• INCREASE RISK OF CANCER
IONIZING RADIATIONIONIZING RADIATION
• EFFECTS-DECREASE FERTILITY IN MEN AND WOMEN.
• CHROMOSONAL ABERRATIONS
• LOW DOSES- ALTERED SEX RATIO, CHILDHOOD MALIGANCIES,CHILDHOOD MORTALITY
VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALSVIDEO DISPLAY TERMINALS
• ??? DANGER OF VDT IS INCONCLUSVE FURTHER RESEARCH IS NEEDED
PESTICIDES-CHORINATED PESTICIDES-CHORINATED HYDROCARBONS-HYDROCARBONS-
CHLORDANECHLORDANE• USED IN CONTROLLING UNWANTED
INSECTS IN CROPS, HOME, BUSINESS.• FARMWORKERS MAYBE EXPOSED
MORE• EXPOSURE AT ANY STAGE OF
PREGNANCY.• EFFECTS-MUTAGENIC,
CARCINOGENIC,TERATOGENIC.& DECREASE FERTILITY.
HERBICIDES-2T,4T,5THERBICIDES-2T,4T,5T
• USED IN CONTROLLING UNWANTED VEGETATION--WEEDS.
• EXPOSURE IN FIRST TRIMESTER.
• EFFECTS- TERATOGENIC, SPONTANEOUS ABORTIONS.
• *agent orange-herbicide used in Vietnam- reproductive problems and other health problems-DM,GI problems, etc.
WASTE ANESTHETIC WASTE ANESTHETIC AGENTS- AGENTS-
HALOGENATED GASESHALOGENATED GASES• USED IN HEALTH CARE AREAS SUCH
AS HOSPITALS/SURGERY,DENTAL OFFICES,VETERINIAN CLINICS FOR ANESTHETIA
• EXPOSURE IN ANY STAGE INCLUDING BEFORE PREGNANCY. * ALSO ALL HEALTH CARE WORKERS SHOULD HAVE CBC, LIVER STUDIES.
WASTE ANESTHETIC WASTE ANESTHETIC AGENTSAGENTS
• EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE-EARLY FETAL DEATHS, ALTERED SEX RATIO,LATE FETAL FETAL DEATHS, LOW BIRTH WEIGHTS,BIRTH DEFECTS,MUTAGENIC,TERATOGENIC,CARCINOGENIC, DECREASED FERTILITY IN MEN
• GASES TEND TO DECREASE B VITAMINS
NOISENOISE
• AMOUNT OR LEVEL ?• SEEN IN MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES,HEAVY MACHINERY/EQUIPMENT OPERATION,ENVIRONMENT,AND PERFORMING(ROCK CONCERTS)
• EXPOSURE-TO MORE THAN 85 DECIBELS(dB),CUMULATIVE EXPOSURE
NOISE EFFECTSNOISE EFFECTS
• SGA-GROWTH RESTRICTION
• LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
• PREMATURITY
• CHILD HAVING HIGH FREGUENCY HEARING LOSS
• DECREASED FERTILITY
• SPONTANEOUS ABORTION
• CONGENITAL ABNOMALIES
NOISE LEVELSNOISE LEVELS
• 30DB-QUIET LIBRARY/SOFT WHISPER
• 40DB-QUIET OFFICE/BEDROOM AWAY FROM TRAFFIC
• 50DB-LIGHT TRAFFIC,REFRIGERATOR.
• 60DB-AIR CONDITIONER@20FT.,CONVERSAT- ION,SEWING MACHINE
• 70DB- BUSY TRAFFIC, NOISY RESTAURANT-CONSTANT.
NOISE LEVELSNOISE LEVELS
• 80DB-SUBWAY,HEAVY CITY TRAFFIC,ALARM CLOCK @ 2ft.,FACTORY NOISE-*DANGEROUS IF MORE THAN 8HRS.
• 90DB- TRUCK TRAFFIC,NOISY HOME APPLIANCES,SHOP TOOLS,LAWN MOWER- * DANGEROUS IF MORE THAN 2HRS.
NOISE LEVELSNOISE LEVELS
• 100DB- CHAINSAW, BOILER SHOP PNEUMATIC DRILL- *dangerous if more than 2 hrs.