E 1 3

YANGZHOU NO 2 POWER PLANT

FIRST PHASE PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

East China Electric Power Design Institute

April 1993 Shanghai

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1 General

1.1 Reference documents

1. 2 Purpose of assessment

1. 3 Space limits of assessment

1. 4 Assessment standard

Chapter 2 Project description

2.1 Briefs of power plant planning

2. 2 Site description _ - 11'' ' " . '

2.3 General layout of the power plant

2. 4 Operation process flow ' Rcc'd2. 5 Fuel and transportation - -____

Chapter 3 Engineering analysis

3.1 Water source and water supply system ' Lo

3. 2 Water discharge and treatment system

3.3 Air quality control system -

3. 4 Ash handling system

3. 5 Coal jetty works

3. 6 Power transmission line works

Chapter 4 Investigation on present environmental conditions

4. 1 Natural environment of site area

4. 2 Social environment

4. 3 Status quo of environmental quality

4. 3. 1 Atmospheric environmental quality

4. 3. 2 Water environmental quality

4. 3. 3 Noise on site area

Chapter 5 Environmental impact assessment

5. 1 Environmental impact during construction phase

5.2 Atmospheric environmental impact assessment

5. 2. 1 Meteorological characteristics of site area pollution

S. 2. 2 Prediction on atmospheric environmental impact

5. 2. 3 Impact of flourides to mulberry and silkworm breeding

I

5. 3 Water environmental impact

5. 3. 1 Mechanical damage to fishes at the water in-take structure

5. 3. 2 Analysis of warm water discharge impact to environment

5. 3.3 Waste and Sewage water discharge impact to environment

5. 3. 4 Impact of ash yard water permeation into underground water

5. 4 Impact and multi-purposed utilization of ash and slag

5.5 Noise

5. 5. 1 Construction phase

5. S. 2 Operation phase

5. 6 Coal jetty

5. 7 Power transmission line

5. 8 Risk assessment

5. 8. 1 Physical risks

5. 8. 2 Natural disasters risks

Chapter 6 Alternative Schemes

6. 1 Comparison of sites

6. 2 Comparison of stack schemes

Chapter 7 Environmental management and monitoring programme

7. 1 Follow -up investigation on social and economic efficiency for the power

plant

7. 2 Environmental management and monitoring during project construction

7. 3 Environmental monitoring during plant operation

Chapter 8 Social, economic and environmental benefits analysis

8.1 Social benefits.

8. 2 Economic benefits

8. 3 Environmental loss and gain

Chapter 9 Site green plan

Chapter 10 Population Relocation

Chapter 11 Public participation

Chapter 12 Conclusions and recommendations

Appendices: 1. Curriculum vitaes of authors

2. References

3. Abstracts from assessment standards

4. Reply Letter on Review Comments over the Environmental Assess-

ment Programme for the First Stage Project of Yangzhou No. 2 Power

Plant of Jiangsu Province -- Document (1992) No. 144 by National

Environmental Protection Administration.

5. Approval and Comments on Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant First Stage

Project Proposal - - Document No. (92) 1348 by State Planning

Commission

6. Letter on Environmental Assessment Criteria for Yangzhou No. 2

Power Plant of Jiangsu Province -- Document (93) No. 1 by the

Environmental Protection Bureau of Jiangsu Province.

7. Reply Letter on Review Comments over the Environmental Assess-

ment Report for the First Stage Project of Yangzhou No. 2 Power

Plant - Document (1993) No. 082 by National Protection Adminis-

tration.

Chapter 1 General

1. 1 Reference Documents

1. 'Approval and comments on the Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant First Stage Pro-

ject Proposal' -- Document No. (92) 1348 by State Planning Commission.

2. "Letter of entrusting to do Supplementary Feasibility Study on 2X600MW In-

stalled Capacity for Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant First Stage Project" -- Document

No. (92) 484 by Jiangsu Provincial Electric Power Bureau.

3. "Letter of entrusting to Reprepare the Environmental Assessment Report for

Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant in Accordance with Requirements on World Bank fi-

nanced projects" -- Document No. (92) 677 by Jiangsu Provincial Electric Power

Bureau.

4. "Environmental Impact Assessment Programme for Yangzhou No. 2 Power

Plant (for Approval)' and the review comments on the programme by NEPA.

5. "Environmental Protection Act for Construction Projects" -- Document No.

(86) 003 jointly by Environmental Protection Commission under the State Council,

State Planning Commission and State Economic Commission.

6. "Regulations for Environmental Protection Control at Early Stage of Fossil-

Fired Power Plant Construction Projects" -- Document No. (89) 993 by the Min-

istry of Energy.

7. "Environmental Protection Design Rules for Fossil-Fired Power Plants (for

Trial Implementaton)Y -- Document No. DLGJ 102-91 by the Electric Power Plan-

ning and Design Adminisstration of the Ministry of Energy.

8. The World Bank Operational Directive 4: Environmental Assessment.

1. 2 Purpose of assessment

The purpose of assessment is to investigate the status quo of the local environ-

ment in the vicinity of the planned project site, assess the potential impact from the

project during its construction and operation to the surrounding environment, recom-

mend effective measures to mitigate the adverse effects, justify the feasibility of the

planned project from the environmental point of view and, finally, serve as the basis

for the preliminary design after the report has been approved by authorities concerned.

1. 3 Space limits for assessment

For atmospheric quality assessment, an area of 10km radius with the plant stack

1

Chapter 2 Project Description

2. 1 Briefs of power plant planning

Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant will be a new project, and its first phase will include

three parts: power generation, power transformation and transmission, and the plant

-use jetty. For the first phase, 2X600MW units will be constructed, with extension

space reserved for a final plant capacity of 4X600MW as planned. This assessment is

based on the capacity of the first phase of 2X 600MW.

The first phase project will use a World Bank Loan of USD400 million, and the

principal equipment will be procured through international competitive bidding. It will

need total investment of about RMB 5. 28 billion yuan (1992 price), making an inte-

grated unit investment of 4400yuan/kw.

The Stage I project will occupy an area of about 52. 7 hectares. The total planned

area is 79 hectares, and the construction area will occupy 33 hectares.

The operation of the plant (phase I) will require a staff of 1700 people. The living

quarters, according to the plans by the Yangzhou Municipal Government, will be built

to the west of Yangzhou City.

2. 2 Site description

The Biangang Site is located in Bali Township of Hanjiang County, Yangzhou

city. It is situated along the embankment of Changjiang River, about 3. 5km to the

northeast of Guazhou Town; 11km to the south of Yangzhou City and facing Zhenjiang

City straight across the Changjiang River. To its close east is the planned Yangzhou

Harbour Area of 10, 000 tonnage class berths, and the Grand Canal runs into the

Changjiang River at about 3. 5km to the east of the site. The geographical location of

the site is shown in Fig. 2-1.

The site sits on the alluvial plain of the lower reaches of the Changjiang River,

with a smooth terrain. The natural topographic elevation by average is 3. 83m (Yellow

Sea Datum), and the river embankment elevation is about 8. OQm, higher than the

max. tide level in 100 years (6. 77m). Most part of the site area at present covers flat

and cultivated fields, with a few small ponds and rivers without any industrial facili-

ties. There will be only 509 houses needed to be torn down, totaling about 24453. 1

sq. m. and 1921 residents will be affected.

2. 3 General layout of the power plant

3

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turbine~~~~~~~~~~~~ air psrebeating unit

~~~~~~ a ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~to ash yardpowder i

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Foolint water A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~sh sluice pipepm o s

Fig. 2 Tho Typical process and Main Equipment of A Coakl-Fired Power Ptlant

~~'~~~1~

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Table 2-1 Design Coal Consumption of the power Plant

Annual consumptionCapacity Hourly consumption Daily consumption (6500H)

(T /Hour) (22H) (T/D) (1000H )

1X600MW 250 5500 152. 5

2X600MW 500 11000 325

4X600MW 1000 22000 650

Table 2-2 Shenfu-Dongsheng Coal Quality Analysis

Item Unit Design Coal

Low calorific value QTD, KCal/kg 5445

Ash Ay .| 11.00

Volatile Vt % 36. 44

Carbon C 60.33

Hydrogen H' / 3.35

Oxygen OY 9.95

Nitrogen N' 0 0. 69

Sulphur S' 0.41

Grindability 56

Deformation temp. t, : 1130

Softening temp. tz C 1160

Fusing temp. t 3 C 1210

Reference ash analysis

SiO2 -. 36.71

A120 3 % 13.99

Fe 2 0 3 5 11. 36

Na2O ye 1.23

K 2 0 %4 0.73

CaO %4 22.92

MgO % 1.28

8 _

The power plant is located on the northern bank of Changjiang River, directly ac-

cessible by ocean vessels of over 10, 000 tonnage class. It is therefore very ideal tc

transport the coal by water in making full use of this 'Golden Waterway 4'. The equip-

ment and some of the materials can also be shipped to the site via waterway. Shanghai

Ocean Shipping Bureau has stated that its transportation capacity can fully satisfy the

fuel demand by the plant. The power plant will consume up to;4)miWlion tons of coal

each year, and the shipping fleet will mainly consist of large -sized shallow draughl

vessels of 35,000 tonnage class, and also some i6,000-25,000 tonnage class vessels.

The site is about 13km to the Grade I highway from Nanjing to Yangzhou. A high

-way connecting the plant site to it is now under construction by Yangzhou Municipal

Government. Therefore, the site is very conveniently located for land and water traf-

fic.

9

4,. i - . -

Chapter 3 Engineering Analysis

3. 1 Water source and water supply system

A direct flow unit system will be adopted for supplying water to the plant. Thewater source will be the Changiiang River. Each of the 600MW units requires a watersupply of 20. 18m3/s for its cooling and fpr the consumption of the auxiliary systems I.and other purposes. The total water demand by both units in Stage I will be 40. 36m3 /s. Changjiang River has an annual average flow of 28200m'/s and a minimum flow of462Om3 /s, being able to fully satisfy the water demand by the plant. The water de-mand balance diagram, is shown in Fig. 3-1.

Each unit will be provided with a mushroom shaped water in-take of 9. 5m in di-ameter (where the river bed elevation is -15m), and the water in-take flow will becontrolled at 0. 2-0. 3m/s. A screen will be provided at the head of the water in-taketo stop most of the floating substances and small fishes and shrimps. It can not onlyreduce the mechanical damage to fishes, but also ensure the safe operation of the pow-er plant.

A circulating water pump house will be provided for Stage I project. Each unitwill be equipped with two circulating water pumps, one self -flow water pipe, onepressurized master pipe and one reinforced concrete water discharge channel.3. 2 Water discharge and treatment system

Water to be discharged from the power plant mainly consists of chemical wastewater, circulating water, living sewage, coal yard water and ash sluicing water.

The waste water discharge amount of Stage I project is listed by categories inTable 3-1.

1. Chemical waste waterA special chemical waste water treatment shop will be provided in the power plant

to collect and treat all kinds of chemical waste water produced by the plant, and dis-charge it into Changjiang River after the discharge criteria have been satisfied. Thewaste water treatment system will be constructed once for all for the planned final ca-pacity of the power plant. Its total area will be llOXllOm 2 , with an annual treatmentcapacity of about 220, OOOm3.

The process flow of the chemical waste water treatment system is shown in Fig. 3-2.

10

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waste water only requiringpH adjustment _. collecting

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waste w erln- oancoagulation neutra- clean 4 discharge afterwaste water requiringj o idtonremoval of heavy metal ioLs a justment & cc clarifier lizingb' water meeting criteria

I. -_____________ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ tan . an

effluent fromboiler acid cleaning slurry slurry to ash yard with ash water*f 5X at Lon *@ " . S~~~~~cnce. dwa

trtOn eringlb

pll adjusted to 7. 2-8 andthen sent to burning system,

Fig. 3-2 Waste water Treatment System Flow Diagram

I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2I

The chemical waste water will be treated as follows: Waste water only requiring

PH adjustment will be collected in pond # 1, blended evenly with air and sent to the

PH adjustment tank where its PH is adjusted to 6-9 by adding acid or alkali, then it

will flow into the final neutralizing tank via the mixing tank. The clean water is deliv-

ered to the ash flushing system or discharged into the nearby water body. Waste water

requiring the removal of heavy tal ions will be collected in ponds #2- #4, pumped

to the PH adjustment tank to adjust the PH to 11 by adding alkali, then coagulant will

be added and the water will flow into the clarifier tank after coagulation. The clean liq-

uid of upper layer will then flow into the final neutralizing tank for netralization with

acid or alkali, and be discharged into the nearby water body after it meets the criteria.

The slurry settled at the bottom of the tank will be sent to the slurry pump house by

the slurry discharge pump and then discharged to the ash yard with the ash water. The

organic acid cleaning liquid from boilers will be collected in pond #5, its PH adjusted

to 7. 2-8. 0 and be delivered to the combustion system after filtering.

2. Warm discharge

The circulating water amount for Stage I project is about 40m 3 /s. The water will

be discharged with the same quality as it was in-taken except that its temperature has

been raised by 5-70C. The discharge outlet is located downstream the water in-take,

and surface shallow layer discharge will be adopted. The bottom of the discharge

structure will be at an elevation of -3. Om. An arc shaped diffusion pond with a radius

of 3 0m will be provided at the discharge outlet and a weir of sector type at the outlet of

the pond. When the river is at low water level, the discharged water will be basically

at the same level as the water body surface, so that the flow is smooth with little

blending, easy to form a stratified flow. When the river is at high water level, the dis-

charged warm water will be. lifted becaused of the function of the sector type weir, so

that it will spread farther on the upper layer of the water body.

3. Living sewage water

The Stage I project will have a staff of 1700 people, and the living sewage water

will be about 135t/h, of which about 20t/h needs to be collected and treated before

discharging. The plant is provided with a sewage water treatment station, where bio-

logical treatment will be adopted. The sewage water will be treated via primary sedi-

ment pond, exposure pond and secondary sediment pond to reach the criteria before be-

ing discharged.

4. Ash water and slag water

14

i. - -

The 2X600MW units of the project will produce slurry of 360m'/h (at 25-30%

weight concentration) and ash and water mix of about 700m/h (at 1: 6-7 ash to wa-

ter ratio). Hydraulic ash handling system with ash and slag separated will be tentative-

ly considered for the feasilibility study phase. After sediment and natural evaporation

on the ash yard, the remaining ash water will be recovered by pump for reuse in ash

flushing. Closed loop circulation will be adopted for both ash water and slag water,

and they will not be discharged into the environmental water body. - r5. Coal yard runoff '

In case of precipitation, the rainwater permeating downwards from the coal heaps

will result in the coal yard rainwater runoff. Therefore the design includes fences on

both sides of the dry coal yard and runoff ditches on both ends of the open coal yard

leading to the coal sediment pond. These will be effective to ensure that the coal water

will not overrun the coal yard and flow everywhere. Under normal conditions, the

rainwater containing coal can reach the discharge criteria after four hours of sediment

and can be discharged directly when it is accepted through analysis. If it is still not ac-

ceptable, it will be sent to the waste water treatment system for further treatment.

6. Oil-contaminated waste water

The oil -contaminated waste water from the oil tank area, the oil pump house,

etc. will be delivered to the oil collecting pond, first via the oil isolation pond to re-

move the floating oil and then via the water-oil separator. The water is discharged in-

to the nearby water body after reaching the criteria and the floating oil can be recov-

ered for reuse.

7. Effluent from boiler acid cleaning

The boiler should be cleaned once every 2-3 years with citric acid. Each cleaning

will produce an effluent of about 2000m3 . This waste acid will be disposed of by com-

bustion, with the following process flow:

Wste water F combustion Bunn

I I I chamber I I

cid, alkali

Fig. 3-3 Process Flow for Treatment of

Boiler acid cleaning Effluent

15

Table 3-1 Power Plant Waste Water Discharge

Description Discharge Mode Disposal methodsamount

Chemical Routine waste water 402m'/d Continuous

waste Treated in collection

water Occasional waste water 71908m'/a intermittent

shallow surface dis-

Warm water discharge 40m'/s continuous charge from open - -

.__________ ditches offshore

2 sediments and 1Domestic sewage 20t/h continuous

exposure

Enclosed circulationAsh sluicing water 360m'/h continuous

for repeated useSediment and clarifi-

Coal yard runoff little intermittent cation In sediment _

. pond

Boiler acid cleaning effluent 2000m 3 /time intermittent Burning of citric acid

3. 3 Air quality control system

1. Flue gas pollutants discharge amount

Table 3-2 Flue gas pollutants discharge amount

Pollutants Stage I capacity Planned capacity1 X 600MW 2X600MW 4X600MW

Hourly dlscharge SO2 1.28 2.56 5. 12

(t/h) T. S. P 0.263 0.526 1.052

Annual discharge SO 2 7680 15360 30720

(t/a) T. S. P 1578 3156 6312

The discharge amount of the above-mentioned pollutants are calculated using the

following parameters:

Coal consumption: Bg=250t/h (one boiler)

Coal low calorific value. Q6w=5445 KCal/kg

Ash content: A=11. 0%

Sulphur content: S'=0. 41%

Mechanical loss in incomplete burning: q4=1. 0%

Fly ash: a= 0. 9

S0 2 discharge coefficient: K =0. 85

16

Dust removal efficiency: Tk=99%

Desulphurization efficiency: Tso: = 0

2. Control measures- on flue gas pollutants

In China, the main items to be controlled to reduce the atmospheric pollutants

from fossil-fired power plants are SO2 and the flue gas dust. The control is based on

the following principle: to take effective measures to purify the flue gas to control the

total amount of discharge, and to make full use of the self-purification power of the

atmosphere in diffusion and dilution to reduce the impact of the atmospheric pollutants

to the ground environment. Therefore, the following control measures for flue gas

pollutants will be adopted for the said project.

1) The plant will use the high quality coal from Shenfu-Dongsheng, its sulphur

content is 0.'41%, ash content 11% and low calorific value 5445KCal/kg. The S02 and

dust discharge from the power plant will be low. Meanwhile, as this coal has a high

content of calcium oxide, there will be a desulphurization of about 10% during the

burning as estimated by experiments. But in the calculation, it is still considered Tso=

0.

2) According to the calculation, the precipitators with efficiency as high as 99%

can satisfy the discharge requirements of both China and the World Bank. For this pro-

ject, high efficiency four-field electrostatic precipitators will be used for flue gas pu-

rification, and the dust removal efficiency will be over 99%.

3) According to the recommendation by the environment protection authority, a

double -tube stack will be shared by two boilers in this project. The stack for this

project will be 240m high and the gas flow speed at the outlet of the stack is 25m/s,

about 3. 5 times the wind speed at that point (7. lm/s).

The effective plume rise of the flue gas will be up to about 6 0 0 -800m. There-

fore, the flue gas pollutants can be sufficiently diffused and diluted in high atmo-

sphere.

4) The flue gas automatic monitoring system will be set up. This system will be

installed in the flue duct for quick and direct understanding of the discharge status of

atmospheric pollutants from the power plant and collection of long term statistic data.

The concentration of SO2 , NOx and flourides in the flue gas and the gas temperature

and turbility will be monitored. The monitoring results will be displayed and recorded

on the environmental monitoring panel in the central control room of the power plant.

5) The emission of NOx from the power plant will be controlled by changing the

burning mode of the furnaces.

3. 4 Ash handling system

17

The ash and slag will be handled separately in this project to create conditions for

the multi-purpose utilization of ash and slag. The ash system will have two units for

Stage I, each for lX 600MW capacity; the slag system will be one unit for 2X600MW

capacity. The system is provided with a buffering water pond for recovering the cool-

ing, overflow and flushing water in the plant ash and slag system. This will reduce the

effluent discharge from the plant ash and slag system and also reduce the make-up

water demand by the system.

1. Ash handling system [Ash will be conveyed pneumatically in the plant and hydraulically out of the plant.

To facilitate the multi-purpose utilization of fly ash, each boiler will be provided with

a coarse ash storage and a fine ash storage. Ash from the air preheater and the No. 1

field of the precipitator will go into the coarse,storage and the remaining (from fields

Nos. 2,3 and 4) into the fine storage.

The dry ash under the storage is added with water in the water mixer before going

into the slurry pond, from which the slurry is pumped to the ash yard via pipes. Each

boiler will produce 180m3 /h slurry at a weight concentration of 25-30%.

The ash storage will be preserved with a device for dry ash exit to satisfy the de-

mand for dry ash. The device for unloading the dry ash will be provided with protec-

tion against ash flying off.

2. Slag handling system

This system will be run hydraulically and in intermittent cycle. Stage I project will

be provided with one slag pump house, where three pump groups will be installed,

with one in operating and two on standby. The 2 pipes to the slag yard will have a in-

ner diameter 1,300, with one operating and the other on standby.

The amount of slag-water mixture will be 700m3/h, with the water to slag ratio

controlled at about 1 : 6-7. When it can be used for other purposes, a slag dewater-

ing bin system will be provided. The dewatered slag can be directly delivered to the

users with vehicles or ships. After sediment, the slag water can be reused in the slag

handling system.

3. Ash yard

The power plant will produce about 420,000 tons of ash and slag each year. They

will be delivered to the ash yard by hydraulic means via pipes.

The ash yard for the Stage I project is located at Shatouhe, 4. 6km to the east of

the site. The abandoned river course of Shatouhe will be made use of by building up

earth dams of 4-9m high and 500m long at both ends of the river section. Its volume

will be 10. 27 million cu. m. , being able to contain ash for 13 years of operation. The

18

abandoned Jiajiang River course to its east will be the Xinba Ash Yard for Stage II. Its

volume will be 14. 31 million cu. m. for 18 years use. The ash yard for long term of the

plant will be the east section of the abandoned course of Shatouhe River with a volume

of 19. 57 million cu. m. These three ash yards have a total capacity of 44. 15 cu. m. and

can contain ash for 28 years operation for 4X600MW units. The ash pipes will be 4. 6

-22km long.

The slag yard will be located to the south of Xinba Ash Yard, at Shanzhiwei and

Fuyuwei, and can contain slag for 28 years of operation. --

Table 3-3 Ash and Slag Discharge Amount

1X600MW 2X600MWVolume

T/H T/D lOOOOT/Y T/H T/D 10000T/Y

Slag 3.25 71.5 2.11 6.5 143 4.23

Ash 29. 25 643. 5 19. 02 58. 5 1287 38. 03

Total 32.5 715 21.13 65 1430 42. 25

Note: The figures are based on 22 hours of operation per day and 6500 hours of

operation per year.

3. 5 Coal jetty works

1. General

Coal will be shipped to the special coal jetty by sea vessels. to the powerplant. For

this phase of project, a 35000 tonnage class berth will be built and the annual coal un-

loading capacity will be about 4 million tons. The jetty will be 33m wide and 232m

long, and is connected with the bank by a leading bridge, which is 13. 5m wide and

160m long. The jetty will be equipped with two bridge clam type unloaders each hav-

ing a rated output of 1200t/h. The unloaded coal will be delivered to the transit station

on the shore via the belt conveyor and then into the coal yard or the coal mills.

The coal yard will be equipped with two cantilever stacker-reclaimers, and the

max. stacking output will be 3000t/h and the reclaiming output 1000-2000t/h. The

coal yard will be 3 20m long and 180m wide and the coal will be stacked to a height of

lOm, so that the coal inventory will be about 280,000 tons.

The number of operatable days of the coal jetty is calculated on the basis of rele-

vant data and statistic analysis, taking into account the number of strong wind and

heavy wave occurrances and the delays caused by rains, fog, thunderstorms (convert-

ed into days), less the number of days of concurrent occurrances, then the affected

19

number of days over the year is 33. 4 days. So the number of continuous operation days

of the jetty is 320 days per year.

2. Analysis of contamination factors

1) Atmospheric contamination source

The coal jetty will unload about 4 million tons of coal every year. The main atmo-

spheric contamination source in the jetty area comes from the flying dust during coal

unloading and stacking and reclaiming. According to investigation data on jetties of th-e

same type in China, the flying -off durifig coal loading and unloading accounts for

about 0. 1% of the total coal amount if no dust prevention measure is taken. When

dust suppression measures such as water sprinkling are taken, the flying-off can be

reduced by 80-90%. It has been estimated that the coal dust flying-off from the jet-

ty and the coal yard will be about 800Q tons per year.

2) Water contamination source

a. Oil-contaminated water

This water mainly comes from vessel engines and machines and tanker bins and

operational oil leakage and accidental oil overflpw. According to an investigation made

by Shanghai Habour to several thousands of vessels in berth, a 500 tonnage class ves-

sel will produce 2-3 tons of oil-contaminated water every day, a 1000-5000 tonnage

class 3-5 tons and a vessels of over 10000 tonnage class 10-15tons.

The oil concentration in such water is normally 1000-10000ppm, and the average

value is 3000 ppm.

According to the "Interim Regulation on Prevention of Coastal Water Contamina-

tion of PRC", all vessels over 500 tonnage class should be installed with water -oil

separator (s ), and it is forbidden to discharge oil or oily mixture into the water of berth

area, the discharge during sailing must not exceed 60kg/SOOm, with an oil concentra-

tion less than lOppm. In this jetty area, it is specified that the oil concentration in the

discharged oil-contaminated water should be less than l0ppm.

b. Coal-contaminated water

Such contaminated water mainly comes from washing the unloading area and the

unloading bridge. The major pollutants are the suspended solids, with concentration of

about 500-1400mg/l. After being treated in the sediment pond, the concentration can

be lowered to a level specified by the state for emission.

c. Coal powder falling into the river during unloading

During unloading, a certain quantity of coal will fall into the river. That of large

particle size will settle into the river bed around the jetty area, and that of smaller sizes

will remain in suspended status in the water to increase the concentration of the sus-

20

pended matter in the water body.

d. Noise

Coal unloading and conveying equipment will produce some noise during the oper-

ation. It is estimated tht at about 1 meter distance, the noise level will be around 74-

80dB(A).

3. 6 Power Transmission lines

At present, unit connection is recommended and it can be linked to the 500kV

busbar after voltage stepping -up. Two 500kV transmission lines will be erected to rreach Jiangdu Substation. The transmission lines, 28km long, will pass over a number -.

of villages, farmland and highways at a height of above 15 meters. Along the route, 70

towers will be erected, each occupying an area of 16X16m2 .

HV transmission lines will generate AC electric field, electromagnetic field and,

in rare cases, produce corona field. So far, no obvious evidence is available which can

prove that such fields are significantly harmful to human health, animals or crops. . _

21

Chapter 4 Investigation on Present

Environmental Conditions

4.1 Natural Environment of site area

1. Geological and topographic features

The region where the project site is located belongs to the second structure ol

Yangtze sub-platform, i. e. on the northern edge of Lower Yangtze Belt of the folded rstrata. The areas near the site have kept rather complete stratas of various eras, from

Proterozoic era to Genozoic Era, mainly consisting of sedimentary and magmatic rocks

of various types. Topographically, the region consists of low hills and downs. The site

area is located on a relatively stable geological block surrounded by the Changjiang

Fracture, Wuxi-Suqian Fracture and Chu-sha Fracture. It is positioned neither on a

considerable active fracture nor on the intersection of these fractures.

2. Seismology

The site is on the Yangzhou-Tongling seismic belt. Most of the 28 recorded de-

structive earthquakes took place in the Yellow Sea, the northeasat section of the said

belt. Earthquakes on land were widely scattered, including 11 ones with a magnitude

of 6-6. 75 on Richter Scale. No earthquake above 4. 75 magnitude has taken place on

the site area in history. The site area was affect6d by strong earthquakes in remote or

medium distances, but the intensity has never exceeded 7 degree.

On the basis of the comprehensive analysis of the geotectology, the historica]

earthquakes and the regularity of earthquake activities at the present time of the site

area, the Jiangsu Provincial Seismic Bureau has determined that the basic seismic in-

tensity of ihe site area in the future 100 years will be 7 degree.

3. Surface hydrology

1) Runoff

The Changjiang River is the largest river in China, and its average flow for years

is 28200m 3 /s, with the max. flow 92600m3 /s and the min. flow 4620m 3 /s.

The river section by which the site is located is the Luwei curved course of Zhen-

jiang-Yangzhou Section, about 13. 5km in total length. The water depth is normally

between -10 and -4. Om. Because of the construction of the bank protection works,

the change of river bed and banks has been basically controlled, and relatively stable

deep water lines have been formed.

According to the data from Datong Station (303km upstream Biangang):

22

Average flow for years 28200r 3/s

Max. flood peak flow (Aug. 1, 1954) 92600m3/s

Min. dry season flow (Jan. 31, 1979) 4620m'/s

Average flood season flow for years 40200m3 /s

Average dry season flow for years 12400m3/s

Average sand content for years 0. 533kg/mr

Average sand conveying amount for years 469 million ton/Y

2) Tide level *Biangang Site is about 280km to the estuary of Changjiang River and is within the

tide-affected section from the estuary. The hydrologic characteristics of the river sec-

tion is mainly controled by the runoff upstream and at the same time affected by the

tide from the estuary, therefore it is a tide-affected river section. The tide here is oi

irregular semidiurnal mixed type. It takes about 3- 4 hours to rise and about 8 -

hours to ebb. The river section is basically single directional flow and is of fresh wa-

ter. According to data from hydrological stationfor years of observation, the tide char-

acteristics of this river section can be described as follows:

Table 4-1 The Characteristic Tide Level Values at

Zhenjiang and Jiangyin Hydrological Stations (YSD)

Description Zhenjiang Station Jiangyin Station

Max. high tide level 6. 49m (Aug. 18,1954) 4. 84m (Aug. 20,1974)

Min. low tide level 0. 65m (Jan. 22,1959) -1.11m (Jan. 22,1959)

Average high tide level for years 3. 08m 2. 13m

Average low tide level for years 2. 23m 0. 50m

Max. tide difference for years 2. 32m (Jan. 30,1979) 3. 39m (1959)

Min. tide difference for years 0. OOm (Sept. 6,1969) Om (1972)

Average tide difference for years 0. 96m 1. 55m

3) Water temperature

There is no available actual measured data of water temperature for the river sec-

tion of the site, the following table gives the actual measured data from Jiangyin Sta-

tion (a temporary station) of Changjiang River for reference:

23

Table 4-2

Month 1|1|212|3 4 5 1 6 18 6|9 |8 |111|2 .. _ _ _ ~~~~~~~~~~I 1111111l i

Water temperature 'C 6.7 6.2 9.2 15. 0 21.1 25.1 27. 328. 5 25. 3120.5 16. 0 10.1

Average for years 17. 6C

Max. daily average for years 31. 0OC

Min. daily average for years 3. 7C

Daily average water temp. for 10% frequeney 29. 5*C

(June 16-Sept. 15)

4) Climate features

The region is located at the north edge of the subtropic zone, characteristic of

warm and dump monsoon climate and four clearly distinct seasons. In winter, the re-

gion is under the control of strong anticyclone from the north; the atmospheric circula-

tion is generally stable, with the northward current as the prevailing one. In summer,

the region is under the control of subtropical high pressure; the weather is generally

hot, with southeast wind as the prevailing one. The prevailing wind for the whole year

is east wind.

There are plum rains from mid-June to early or mid-July each year. After the

plum rains, the region will be under the control of the southeast mansoon from the Pa-

cific subtropic zone, with very hot weather. And about 80% of the thunderstorms take

place during this period, also with typhoons.

The following table shows the statistic data from Yangzhou Meteorological Sta-

tion.

Table 4-3 Climate Characteristics of Site

Average annual air temperature for years 14.9 C

Extreme maximum air temperature 39.1 C

Extreme minimum air temperature -17. 71C

Average air pressure for years 1015. 9hpa

Average RH for years 79%

Average annual precipitation for years 1039. 8mm

Average wind speed for years 3. Om/s

Max. average wind speed for years 20. Om/

Prevailing wind direction for years E

24

5. Ecoloical environment

1) Living things on land

Within the assessed area, there are no rare animals or plants. The main animals

are pig, buffalo, chicken, duck as well a few kinds of birds. The main plants are crops

such as grain, cotton, rape, mulberry, vegetables as well as some other economic

plants. Also growing near the project site are the green tree belts in Yangzhou, Zhen-

jiang and on the scenery spots of these two cities.

2) Living things in water

a. Fishes

According to the investigation data obtained by Jianbi Power Plant, which is by

the same river section as this project, the main aquatic products here are saury and

shad. The Fishery Township of Zhenjiang is one of the main fishery production teams,

and their aquatic product yields for years are shown in the following table.

Because of various factors, such as construction of waterlocks and dykes in rivers

and lakes, the over-fishing which has exceeded the regeneration capacity of the re-

sources and industrial pollution, there is a decreasing tendency in fishing yield in this

river section. Furthermore, the catches also show that there is an increasing amount in

small fishes and shrimps of low value and a sharp decreasing amount in migrating and

large economic fishes. Investigations also show that there is no spawning field near the

site, and fish eggs, if found, are normallyin the vicinity of 20 meter to the bank.

b. Plankton

The plankton in this river section consists mainly of three species: cyanophyceac,

cyano-chlorophyceae and diatom, according to the sampling data from three river sec-

tions of Longmenkou, Jianbi Power Plant and Qinglongshan.

No benthos or water-growing vascular bundle plant has been found. Only reed is

found in part of the waterside area.

25

Table 4-4 Fishing Yields of Fishery Township, Zhenjiang

Unit: ton

VarietyYear Total yield

Saury Shad Crab

1973 397 193 60 1S

1974 345 91 104 15

1975 274 91 22 24

1976 320 lOS 15 14 .7pi

1977 365 140 51 40

1978 290 102 18 6

1979 218 84 10 23

1980 276.8 135.15 3.25 2.6

1981 209.8 103.7 11 28.1

1982 272.5 170.9 1.1 28.9

1983 269.8 191 4.65 11.5 _ _

1984 324.2 218.9 0.7 18.05

1985 275.8 169.3 0.25 9.3

1986 230 195 0.025 5

4. 2 Social environment Investigation

1. Yangzhou

Yangzhou, where the power plant will be built, is located on the north side of the

Changjiang River Development Belt. Under the municipal administration are six coun-

ties and four county-level cities, totaling 12,431km2 and supporting a population of

9. 24 million. In recent years, Yangzhou is developing rapidly and opening ever wider

to the outside world. Its foreign trade, electronics, chemistry and building material

fabrication are all growing. The various counties under the municipality are becoming

the bases of producing grain and meat for the whole Jiangsu province. In 1991, the to-

tal industrial-agricultural output value reached 43. 9 billion RMB yuan, including 37.

1 billion for industries and 6. 8 billion for agriculture. Its total industrial-agricultural

output value is expected to be 59. 4 billion yuan and 87 billion yuan respectively in 1995

and 2000. The total area of cultivated land in Yangzhou is 1. 243 million hectares, in-

cluding 353, 000 hec. in plain area, 534, 000 hec. in embanked low lands, 104, 000

hec. in hilly area and 239, 000 hec. as water surface.

According to the statistic data of Yangzhou Municipal Government at the end of

1991, there were 6209 enterprises above township level, including 9 of large size, and

26

the remaining being medium or small sized. Of its whole industry, 52. 6% falls into

light category and 47. 4% into heavy category.

The employed population of the whole municipality is 5,145,600 people, including

566,300 working in state-run entities and institutions, 506,200 working in collective

entities and 4,030,600 rural labour. The average salary of staff working in various in-

dustries is 2054yuan/year and the net average income of farmers is 883yuan/year.

The urban area of Yangzhou is about 11km to the north of the power plant, and

has a total area of 148 sq. km. and a population of 408,400. It is a famous historical rand cultural city of the country. Shouxihu Lake scenery zone is the well - known

scenic point of tourism, and is located to the northwest of city proper, about 15km to

the plant area. Other scenic points in the city are Pingshantang Museum, Monk

Jianzhen Memorial Courtyard as well as some other places.

Bali Township of Hanjiang County, where the project site is located, has a popu-

lation of 21, 000, with a population density of 700heads/km 2 . The people there are

mainly engaged in farming and poultry or aquatic breeding. In recent years, the town-

ship and township-run enterprises have been developing rapidly. In 1991, its total in-

dustrial-agricultural output value was 84. 5 million RMB yuan, including 65 million

yuan from industry. The main crops are rice and wheat.

2. Zhenjiang

Zhenjiang, separated from the Biangang Site only by the Changjiang River, has

been an important communication junction and a famous commercial port in the lower

reaches of Changjiang since ancient times. Now it has 2 districts, 3 counties and 1

county-level city under its jurisdiction. It has an area of 3843 sq. km. and a popula-

tion of 2.6 million, including an urban area of 215 sq. km. and an urban population of

460,000. Since 1985, Zhenjiang has been named by the state as the major tourist city

and the famous historical and cultural city of the state. In 1987 Zhenjiang Habour was

officially opened to foreign vessels. In 1988, the State Council approved Zhenjiang as

an economic opening zone in the coastal area. Its industrial-agricultural output value

in 1990 was 13. 2 billion RMB yuan, 5110 yuan per capita. The annual average salary

of city staff was 2116 yuan and the net average income of farmers was 894 yuan.

There are low hills lying from east to west in the south of Zhenjiang, most of

them being round shaped peaks. Its northern part along the Changjiang River is a belt

of alluvial plain, a sheetwash area by Changjiang River where, from west to east, Jin-

shan, Beigushan and Jiaoshan stand upright by the river, forming a magnificent view.

4. 3 Status quo of environmental quality

In order to understand the background environmental values of Yangzhou and

27

Zhenjiang, which are within the space limits of environmental assessment for the pro-

ject, and to get a clear view of the status quo of contamination and the enviromental

accommodation capacity of the plant area, Yangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center

conducted the winter atmospheric background experiment and noise background exper-

iment of the site in Jan. 1989, and the water quality experiment for the mean and dry

seasons for the river section near site in Jan. and March, 1989, and also prepared the

report on "Status Quo Investigation of Environmental Quality and Assessment for

Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant Project" (Apr: 1989) by collecting environmental investi- Fgation and monitoring data of Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. In the present assessment,

monitoring data for the status quo of environment in Yangzhou and Zhenjiang (1991)

were collected.

4. 3. 1 Status quo of Atmospheric environmental quality

1) Yangzhou urban area

a. Atmospheric pollution sources

The atmospheric pollution of Yangzhou uf ban area was caused mainly by burning

of coal. The coal consumption in this area is 560,000 tons per year, of which over 88%

was consumed by industry. The main coal consuming enterprises in Yangzhou are the

old power plant, iron and steel works, pesticide plant, the printing and dyeing mill

and the cement plant. These five enterprises consume about 70% of all coal by the

whole urban area.

The total amount of atmospheric pollutant (SO2, NOx and TSP) discharge from

the urban area of Yangzhou is 31199 tons per year, including 24812 tons from burning

of fuels in industries, 4933 tons from civil coal burning, 1435 tons from combustion of

fuels in comnmunications and transportation. These are summarized in Table 4-3-1.

The main sources of pollutant (SO2 , NOx and TSP) discharge in Yangzhou Urban

area are 16 enterprises, whose equivelant pollution load is 132,175. 5 tons/year, con-

stituting 81. 44% of the total of the urban area. The waste gas discharge from these 16

enterprises is given in Table 4-3-2.

b. Status quo of atmospheric environmental quality

The monitoring of atmospheric environmzent in Yangzhou has been performing for

years. The monitoring points are distributed in five functional zones and their locations

are shown in Fig. 4-3-1. The atmospheric monitoring data for 1991 are given in

Table 4-3-3.

According to the data of averaged values taken from various monitoring points in

functional zones, only the TSP daily average values of winter and summer exceed Class

II criteria in the national atmospheric quality, mainly due to the dust raised by vehicles

28

at points in traffic areas, where the daily average value in winter exceeds the Class II

criteria by 1. 3 times, while the TSP at each of the other points can basically satisfy the ,

Class II criteria. The daily average value of S0 2 at each of the monitoring points in the

city has reached the Class II criteria. In winter, because more coal is consumed, the

daily average value of SO2 is 0. 105mg/Nm 3 , at 70% of the Class II criteria. In all oth-

er seasons it has approached or reached the limit of Class I criteria. The NOx in the

city is low, the daily average value at each of the monitoring points has reached the

limit of Class I criteria except in winter when the value is 0. 059mg/Nm', at 59% of 1Class II criteria. It can therefore be known that in Yangzhou urban area, the atmo-

spheric pollution is mainly due to TSP. Each of the pollution factors reaches its maxi-

mum value in winter.

2) Zhenjiang urban area

a. Atmospheric pollutant sources

The total coal consumption of coal in Zhenjiang urban area is 5. 36 million tons per

year, including 5. 17 million tons for industry, and 0. 19 million tons for residents and

living purpose. Jianbi Power Plant alone consumes 77. 11% of all coal consumed by the

city, and is the extra-large coal consumer in the urban area.

The total amount of atmospheric pollutant discharge from the urban area of Zhen-

jiang (for three factors of SO2, NOx and TSP) is 338, 000 tons per year, including 320,

900 tons asa industrial waste gas, 14,900 tons from coal for living purpose, and 2190

tons from traffic waste gas discharge. These are summarized in Table 4-3-4.

There are 13 main industrial waste gas pollutant sources in the urban area, and

their discharge conditions are given in Table 4-3-5.

b. Status quo of atmospheric environmental quality

The routine monitoring of atmospheric environment for the urban area of Zhen-

jiang was started in 1982. In 1987, six monitoring points were set up in different func-

tional zones. Their locations are shown in Fig. 4-3-2.

The results of atmospheric environment monitoring in 1991 are given in Tables 4

-3-6 and 4-3-7.

29

Table 4-3-1 Statistics on Atmospheric Pollutant Discharge in Yangzhou Urban AreaUnit: ton/year

So2 SOx T.S&P

Type of Discharge Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Total EPL proportionType ofDischargeqplutivalnt Discharge pollution Discharge pollution of pollutant in EPL

pollutant source amount load (EPI,) amount load (EPI,) amount load (EPui (ton/year) (n)(ton/year) (ton/year) (ton/year)

(ton/year) (ton/year) (ton/year)

a G asoline 12.86 85.8 920.17 9201.7 / /1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~14247. 3 7. 13

? )Diesel oil 34. 17 277. 7 486.21 4682. 1 / /

Coal for daily use 1568.63 10457. 5 227. 14 2271. 4 3137. 25 10457. 5 23186. 4 11. 61

Waste gas fromindustrial fuel 14182.60 94550.6 4847.70 48477.6 5782.6 19278.5 162306.0 81.26

Total 15798.26 105321.7 6481.22 64812.2 8919.85 29732.8 199739.7 100

, , *--t1 '- I _ tri~~~~~~~--'t f * . i .^ * u 1 ... W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.

Table 4-3-2 Main Industrial Waste Gas Pollutant Sources (Enterprises) in Yangzhou Urban Area

SOl SO, T.S.P

Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Total EPL proportionDescription of Discharge Discharge Discharge Rank

Trade pollution pollution pollution of pollutant in EPI-pollutant source amount amount amount by EPL

load (EPL) load (EPL) load (EPL) (ton/year) (%)(ton/year) (ton/year) (ton/year)

(ton/year) (ton/year) (ton/year)

Power plant Electric power 5706.93 38046.2 2072. 75 20727. 5 1141- 38 3804. 6 62578. 3 38. 56 1

Pesticide plant Chemical 2468. 48 16456.5 896.55 8965. 5 493. 69 1645.6 27067. 6 16.68 2

Printing and dyeing mill Textile 1123.95 7493.0 408.22 4082.2 224. 79 749.3 12324. 5 7.59 3

Cement Plant Building materials 431. 50 2876. 7 65. 52 655. 2 731. 04 2436.8 5968. 7 3. 68 4

Iron and steel works Metallurgy 286. 29 1908.6 57.13 571. 3 230. 64 768. 8 3248. 7 2.00 5

DongFeng Brick and Tile Factory Building materials 176.80 1178.7 28.08 280.8 335. 60 1118.7 2578.2 1.59 6

Paper mill Paper making 209. 30 1395. 3 76.00 760.0 80. 90 269. 7 2425. 0 1. 49 7

Subei Rice Processing Mill Foodstuff 193.03 1286. 9 70.10 701.0 77.25 257. 5 2245. 4 1. 38 8

Foodstuff Mill Foodstuff 177.30 1182.0 68.00 680.0 96.00 320.0 2182.0 1.34 9

Pharmaceutical factory Pharmacy 216.00 1440.0 35. 49 354. 9 86. 40 288.0 2082. 9 1. 28 10

Phosphate fertilizer plant Chemical 287.79 1918. 6 4.01 40. 1 1. 27 4. 2 1962. 9 1. 21 11

Qingfeng Art Paper Mill Paper making 136. 60 910. 7 49. 61 496.1 53. 82 179. 4 1586. 2 0.98 12

Glass factory Building materials 98.09 653. 9 84.07 840. 7 17. 66 58. 9 1553. 5 0.96 13

Synthetic chemical plant Chemical 127. 75 851. 7 52.05 520. 5 44. 42 148.1 1520. 3 0. 94 14

No. 3 Chemical Plant Chemical 125.00 833.3 45.40 454. 0 63. 00 210.0 1497. 3 0.92 15

Cement product factory Building materials 110.00 733.3 39. 95 399.5 66.00 220.0 1352. 8 0.83 16

Total 11874.81 79165.4 4052.91 40529. 1 3744.29 12481.0 132175. 5 81. 44

31

,~~~~~~~~~~~ X j A

I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

- L.-

Table 4-3-3 Data from Routine Monitoring of

Atmospher. over Yangzhou City (1991)

unit: mg/Nm 3

Annual Daily averageFunctional zone Item

average Winter Spring Summer Autumn

No. 1 SO2 0.055 0.101 0.035 0.027 0.058 I

Cleaning zoneNOx 0.047 0.057 0.034 0.013 0.036

(Bureau of Enviromental

Protection) T * S * P 0.198 0.295 0. 153 0.144 0. 918

No. 2 SO2 0.038 0.069 0. 016 0.026 0. 042

Chemical Industry zone NOx 0.027 0.044 0. 021 0.013 0.030

(Chemical Plant) T * S * P 0.265 0.258 0.175 0. 144 0.297

No. 3 so0 0.079 0.124 0. 065 0.026 0. 087

Residence zone NOx 0.040 0.069 0.033 0.013 0. 036

(No. 1 Clinic) T * S * P 0.204 0.270 0. 168 0. 330 0. 207

No. 4 S0 2 0. 076 0. 110 0.094 0.031 0.070

Commerce zone NOx 0.033 0.039 0.045 0. 016 0.030

(Post office) T * S * P 0.311 0.363 0.254 0.255 0.375

No. 5 S02 0. 062 0.121 0.040 0.041 0.062

Traffic zone bNOx 0. 066 0.094 0.054 0.059 0. 059(Yangzhou Machine

Plant) T - S - P 0.481 0.689 0.249 0.672 0.317

No. 6 S0 2 0. 066 0.107 0.042 0.062 0.053

Industry zone NOx 0.041 0. 051 0.020 0.023 0.027

(Baocheng Factory) T * S * P 0.230 0.249 0. 170 0.271 0.233

SO2 .063 0. 105 0. 049 0.036 0. 062

City average NOx 0.036 0. 059 0.035 0. 013 0. 036

T * S P 0.281 0.354 0.195 0.303 0.271

33

9L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i

X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '-.1;

A- -- -)w s- -- @ 9 > w-v/ *

,l \ \ v >f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

' * . ' ' W0-n t 5 r /'2 ,~~~~~-P *a M

l .. 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .

Table 4-3-4 Statistics on Atmospheric Pollutant Discharge in Zhenjiang Urban Area

Unit: ton/year

SO2 Sox T.SXP

Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Total EPL proportionType of D)ischarge pollution Discharge pollution I)shre pluin oplutt inE.

pollutant source amount load amount DlschIon amount pollution of pollutant in EPL(ton/year) load (EPL) (ton/year) load amont load (EPL) (ton/year) (ooa

( (ton/year) (ton/year) (ton/year)e.n

H Gasoline 10. 69 71. 3 764. 49 7644. 921573.4 1. 19

n Diesel oil 96. 43 642. 9 1321.43 13214. 3

Oil for daily use 4750. 00 31666. 7 687. 80 6878. 0 9500. 00 31666. 7 70211. 4 3. 86

Waste gas fromWaste gas from 115324. 08 768827.2 40740.94 407409.4 164829.98 549433.3 1725669.9 94. 95industrial fuel

Total 120181.20 801208.0 43514.66 435146.6 174329.98 58100. 0 1817454. 7 100.0

Table 4-3-5 Main Industrial Waste Gas Pollutant Sources in Zhenjiang Urban Area

SO. SOx T,S,P

Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Total EPI. proportionDescription of Discharge Discharge Discharge Order

pollution pollution pollution of pollutant in EPI.pollutant source amount amount amount in EPI

load (EPIL) load (EPI.) load (EPL) (ton/year) (%)(ton/year) (ton/year) (ton/year) ;

(ton/year) (ton/year) (ton/year)

Jianbi Power Plant 103335. 0 688900 37531. 27 375312. 7 143215. 9 477386.4 1541599. 1 84. 86 1

Cement plant 1840. 00 12266. 6 299. 00 2990.0 11500. 00 39933. 3 53589. 9 2. 96 2

Iron and steel works 275. 86 1838. 1 142. 92 1429. 2 3037. 90 10126. 7 13394. 6 0. 74 3

Paper pulp mill 1145.00 7633.3 415.86 4158.6 458.00 1526.7 13318.6 0.73 4

cn Jianbi Brick and Tile Mill 283 1892. 0 80. 55 805. 5 443. 55 1478. 5 11422. 6 0. 63 5

Dadong Paper Mill 783.95 5226. 3 284. 73 2847.3 313. 58 1045.3 9118.9 0.50 6

Printing and dyeing mill 620.00 4133. 3 225. 18 2251.8 248. 00 826.7 7211.8 0.40 7

Sulphuric acid plant 847. 74 5649. 7 0. 87 8. 7 4. 75 15. 8 5674. 2 0. 31 8

Building material factory 328. 00 2546. 7 108. 00 1080. 0 267. 40 891. 3 4518. 0 0. 25 9

Zhenjiang Quarry Company 288. 60 1924. 0 81.90 891. 0 451.00 1503. 3 4246. 3 0. 23 10

Resin plant 336. 90 2246. 0 95. 60 956. 0 105. 30 351. 0 3353. 0 0. 20 11

Zhenjiang Smeltery 347. 68 2319. 2 54. 5 545. 0 162. 00 540. 0 3404. 2 0. 19 12

Coking plant 174.25 1161. 7 76.79 767.9 351. 27 1170.9 3100.5 0. 17 13

Total 1674151. 7

! , , 8 i ~~ ~ ~ ~~~-'1 t 1 . t

Table 4-3-7 Statistics of Concentration Values at Each Monitoring Spot

Unit: mg/Nm 3

SO2 T. S. P

No. Location Max. Average Daily average Exceeding Max. Average Daily average Exceeding

value value Concentration % value value Concentration %range range

Industrial Zone2 0. 410 0.081 0.019-0.179 10 0. 781 0.320 0. 113-0. 569 15

(Phosphate Fertilizer Plant)

Traffic Zone3 try School) 0. 426 0.081 0.014-0. 225 10 0.623 0.275 0. 126-0. 418 16

X ~~(Meltery School)

Industrial Zone4 (Chemial Ene 0. 255 0. 092 0. 026-0. 162 10 0. 708 0. 296 0. 109-0. 386 11

(Chemical Eng. Institute)

Mixed Zone5 0. 285 0.079 0. 025-0. 177 15 0.863 0.285 0. 176-0. 420 13

(Dashikou )

Mixed Zone6 0. 364 0.072 0. 018-0. 220 5 0.601 0.271 0. 105-0. 311 8

(No. 6 secondary School)

Total 0. 426 0. 081 0. 014-0. 225 10 0. 863 0. 289 0. 105-0. 569 13

l ~~~~~~~~~~r

* *.1 r g E ¢ ,, 7~~~"

North v

- j Jinshan 3 C hangjiang Rivera a

00. , -

Legend(lD Atmospheric sampling point

i C.) Falling dust sampling pointl Precipitation sampling point; Trunk traffic line

it,

Fig. 4-3-2 Schematic of Atmospheric Monitoring Spotsin Zhenjlang Urban Area

' t ' ' ''1 ' i *, J rs;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~p

f r == /_ BA < ;+ X X~~~~~~~~Af

luwel "4

1ll ¢ , 131a~Dingang Town -l.4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

11 1 11 * ) Yadngh

Guazhou TownY{l11 / Legend

(D Atmospheric measuring point

J \ Section A - Water quality measuring point

Fig 4-3-3 Points of measurement on water quality of Yangtze River

and atmosphere for Biangang Site.

t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. j2 , _111'- / ,J" 1

Table 4-3-6 Statistics on Atmospheric Pollutant Average Concentration

Unit: mg/Nm 3

Monitored *WholeDescription Winter Spring Summer Autumn

factor year

Max. concentration 0.225 0. 146 0.082 0. 179 0. 223

S02 Average value 0. 123 0.081 0.038 0.083 0.081

Percentage above criteria 32 0 0 8 10 1Max. concentration 1.532 0.581 2.599 1.220 2. 599

T. S. P Average value 0.549 0.212 0.661 0.761 0.534

Percentage above criteria 84 16 68 92 65

The monitoring results have shown that the SO2 average concentration range fot -,

all the monitoring spots in the urban area in 1991 was between 0. 072-0. 092mg/Nm 3 ,

and severe pollution was observed at the spot of Chemical Engineering Research Insti-

tute. The SO2 concentration shows apparent changes with seasons. The concentration

values can be arranged in this order: Winter>4utumn>spring>summer. From the

accumulation curve of SO2 daily average concentration, it can be obtained that the

guaranteed rate of daily average concentration being within the Class II criteria is

92%.

The space distribution of TSP is extremely uneven. The annual average value ol

the phosphate fertilizer plant spot in the industrial zone is 2. 58 times that of the spot

at No. 6 Secondary School. It also changes apparently with seasons, and the concentra-

tion values are in the order of: autumn>winter>summer>spring. The guaranteed

rate of daily average concentration being within the Class II criteria is 85%.

Table 4-3-8 Seven-day Average Concentration for

Various Measuring Point Parameters on Site Area

Unit: Mg/Nms

Point No. Average#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8

Item ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Value

Concentration 0. 045 0. 024 0. 022 0. 023 0,. 026 0. 040 0. 026 0. 047 0.032

S02 Contamination0.30 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.27 0.17 0.31 0.21

index

40

i i -. -

Point No. #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 AverageItem V aluc

Concentration 0. 026 0. 017 0. 018 0. 023 0. 023 0. 021 0. 031 0. 043 0. 025

NO, Contamination0.26 0.17 0.18 0.23 0.23 0.21 0.31 0.43 0.25

index

Concentration 0. 152 0. 112 0. 265 0. 194 0. 160 0. 153 0. 282 0. 154 0. 184

SP Contamination .0.51 0.37 0.88 0.65 0.53 0.51 0.94 0.51 0.61

index

3) Status quo of atmospheric environmental quality in site area.

a. Monitoring spots

Monitoring spots for site area atmospheric quality have been set up by functiona]

zones. After site survey, 8 sampling spots were set up, with S to the leeward of site

prevailing wind direction, 2 in the upstream direction and 1 in the planned Yangzhou

Habour area. The 8 monitoring spots are distributed in Bali and Luwei Township

forming a triangle, with distances from north to south 4km and from east to west 8.

5km. The area encircled by the triangle is about 17km2. The locations of these moni-

toring spots are shown in Fig. 4-3-3.

b. Monitoring results

The monitoring results of atmospheric quality for the site area are shown in Table

4-3-8.

These results indicate that the atmospheric environmental quality of the site area

is good, with the concentration values of all the three monitored factors below the lim-

it for Class II criteria for atmospheric environmental quality, and the average concen-

trations of S02 and NOx have reached the limit values of Class I criteria. The atmo-

spheric environment of the whole site area is at a clean level, with basically no indus-

trial pollution.

4. 3. 2 Status quo of Water environmental quality

1) Pollutant admission by Changjiang River

The Yangzhou section of Changjiang River has a total length of 206. 43km, flow-

ing through five counties and cities of Yizheng, Hanjiang, Jiangdu, Taixing and

Jingjiang. Its annual total flow is about 950 billion mi3 , with the peak flow at 90000m53

s, the minimum flow at 4 620m3/s and the average flow at 28 20 0 m3/s. The river is

wide and the current torrential (at Yizheng the flow rate is 0. 4-1. Om/s), and the

41

content of dissolved oxygen is normally 8. 0- 8. 6mg/l. Therefore Changjiang Rivel

has a rather strong capacity of self-dilution and cleaning. rIn Yangzhou section, the river admits the industrial waste water from factories on '

its banks and from main branch rivers. This amount was about 70 million tons in

1990, about one tenth of that discharged into the river from Nanjing. Upstream the

site, the rnain enterprises discharging industrial waste water into the river are Yizheng

Chemical Fiber Joint Corportation, Yizheng Paper Mill and Yizheng Printing and Dye-

ing Mill, etc. In 1990, Yizheng Chemical Fiber-Joint Corporation discharged from its 17sewage treatment plant into the river 17, 226, 000 tons of industrial waste water,

which included 1307. 2 tons of CODcr, 718. 9 tons of SS and 82. 4 tons of acetic alde-

hyde. In the same year, it also discharged via Yanshan River into Changjiang Rives

11,916,000 tons of waste water, which included 139. 4 tons of CODcr and 13.7 tons o1

petroleum.

Other enterprises, including the paper mill and the printing and dyeing mill dis- .charged in 1990 directly into the River 3,563,000 tons of waste water, which included

1527. 6 tons of CODcr and 1692 tons of SS.

In Hanjiang section, the river mainly admits industrial waste water discharged

from Yangzhou urban area, which is first discharged into the Grand Canal and the An-

cient Canal and then into Changjiang River via Luwei and Guazhou Waterlocks. This

quantity was about 30 million tons in 1990.

In Jiangdu section, there is almost no direct discharge of waste into Changjiang

River, except during flood discharge the waste from some branch rivers will go intc

the Changjiang River.

2) Water quality monitoring for the site

The results of five months (January, March, May, August and November) in

1991 from Yangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center have been taken as the water

quality monitoring data for the river section near the site. The locations of monitoring

sections are shown in Fig. 4-3-3. Section A is located 200m downstream the estuary

of Ancient Canal into Changjiang River and Section B at 200m downstream the estuary

of the Grand Canal into Changjiang River. At each of these sections, three vertical

sampling points are set to sample the water 0. Sm below the surface.

The results of water quality monitoring are given in Table 4-3-9.

The monitoring results show that Changjiang River has a strong capacity of self-

dilution and cleaning and the measured water quality data for these months are basical-

ly in compliance with Class II criteria for surface water specified by the state despite

the waste discharge in the upstream and the fact that this river section is at the estuar-

42

Table 4-3-9 Water Quality Monitoring Results

Unit mg/l

Water ~~DissolvedTime Section temperature PH CODmn BOD, Mercury Lead Cadium Petroleum Arsenic

'C oxygen

A 7. 9 7.9 12.5 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 0January

B 8.0 7.9 12.8 1.6 1.6 0 0 0 0 0

A 10.1 7.8 9. 7 3. 6 3.4 0. 00005 0 0 0 0March

B 10.5 7.8 9.9 2.6 2.5 0.00003 0 0 0 0

A 18. 2 7.0 8.1 2.0 0.5 0 0 0. 003 0 0May

B 18. 2 7. 0 8. 5 2.1 0. 5 0 0 0 0 0

A 26 8.0 5.2 2.1 0.6 0 0 0 0 0August_

B 27 7.8 5.2 2.0 0.5 0 :0 0 0 0

A 14.5 7.5 9.1 1.6 0.7 0 0 0 0 0November

B 15 7. 6 8. 4 1.7 0.8 0 0 0 0 0

GB3838-88Class 11 criteria 6.5-8. 6 4 3 0.00005 0.05 0. 005 0.05 0. 05

I o

8 ! t F '1 l l , ¢~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I,.

L.

ies of the Ancient Canal and the Grand Canal. As far as the monitoring time is con-

cerned, there is no extraordinary change in the monitoring values for different months

except that the dissolved oxygen varies with the water temperature.

4. 3. 3 Status quo of Noise on site area

1) Acoustic environment of site area

The power plant will occupy a land of about 90hectares. It will neighbour with the

10000 tonnage class dock of Yangzhou New lIabour which is under planning in the

east; the river embankment runs along to its north, farmland spreads to its west and

river shoal to its south. Within the project site, no industrial facilities exist, nor per-

manent equipment emitting strong noise. There are only few residents within the scope

of the site and they will be moved to other places when the project work starts.

- 2) Background noise monitoring

The monitoring spots are set up in geometric grid with distances of 300X300m. A

total of 14 monitoring spots are arranged. The monitoring results are shown in Table 4

-3-10.

Table 4-3-10 Noise Monitoring Data on Site Area

Unit: dB(A)

Monitoring spot No. L10 LsNLg Leqa

1 54.7 48.7 44.7 51.7 4.4

2 52.0 46.7 44.8 48.7 2.8

3 55.2 51.1 49.2 51.3 4.3

4 46.0 40.2 37.7 46.1 3.5

5 53.7 46.3 49.2 43.1 4.7

6 55.0 52.0 42.7 49.2 3.9

7 54.3 49.3 46.8 51.1 2.9

8 53.3 47.2 45.2 51.3 3.6

9 51.3 48.5 47.0 49.7 2.0

10 58.0 54.5 53.3 56.7 2.5

11 55.2 49.7 47.5 52.4 3.2

12 52.5 51.2 47.5 51.3 2.9

13 59.0 56.5 52.5 56.9 2.2

14 52.3 45.3 40.7 48.3 4.9

44

The measuring results in three successive days show that the equivalent sound lev-

el on site during daytime is between 43-56. 9dB(A), without significant fluctuation.

The noise level gradually increases from north to south. The equivalent sound level a-

long the embankment is between 43.1-51. 7dB(A), and the noise from the ships in

the river can sometimes reach here; and this level is between 51. 3-56. 9dB(A) at the

shore, mainly caused by noise from the motorizea ships in the river, especially the tug-

boats near the north shore.

45

Chapter 5 Environmental Impact Assessment

5. 1 Environmental impact during construction stage

1. Impact on local social economy

From economic point of view, the construction of the power plant will be benefi-

cial to the development of economy in Yangzhou and its surrounding counties and

towns and the improvement of people 's living, and the project construction itself wil]

provide more employment and promote the surbordinated economic activities.

In the early stage of construction, 436 civil houses in the site area will be re-

moved, involving floor area of 9130m2 and 1290 residents. These residents will be re-

settled by the local government on a unified basis and the construction entity will pay

14,785, 000 yuan as compensation for the removal. Their living quality will not de-

crease as they will be moved to nearby places.

2. Impact on land utilization and landscape-

The first stage of the project will occupy a land of 52. 7 hectares, and the con-

struction area a land of 33 hectares. Of the requisited land, about 70% is cultivated

fields for grain. During the construction period, there will be significant impact to the

use of existing land and landscape. It will involve excavation, material piling, setting

up of warehouses and fence, etc. These construction activities will temporarily affect -

the landscape.

As the site area is sparsely populated, there will be very small impact from the

noise and dust caused by the construction and the transportation vehicles.

3. Control measures against impact from construction

In order to reduce the adverse impact on the landscape and the environment, the

construction contractors shall take necessary control measures:

1) Soil protection, including protection of surface vegetation on the construction

area.

2) Measures to reduce the soil exposure, and temporary surface covering shall be

used to a certain extent to reduce the erosion of soil.

3) Measures to control dust, including the water spraying and sprinkling on roads

and construction grounds.

4) Measures to prevent oil, fuel and other harmful substances from falling intc

the rivers.

5) Proper management of the cleaning and collection of construction refuse and

46

disposed materials.

6) Keeping the landscape of the construction site, and the plantation and green- y

plan shall comply with the programme.

5. 2 Atmospheric environmental impact assessment

5. 2. 1 Meteorological characteristics of site area pollution

1. Atmospheric measurement

As required by the original assessment programme, site measurements were per-

formed on the pollution meteorology for the site area in summer and winter seasons, i. - 17e. from Dec. 25, 1988 to Jan. 11, 1989 and from July 26, 1989 to Aug. 10, 1989. The

main items include conventional ground observarions, boundary layer, wind structure

and temperature stratification, atmospheric diffusion experiment, etc. The locations ol

atmospheric measuring points are given in Fig. 5-2-1.

2. Wind field characteristics of the site area

(1) Ground wind characteristics of Yangzhou and site

a. Ground wind direction and speed on site

From the measured data by the electronic vane in winter and summer, the fre-

quencies of the wind directions and the average wind speed of the site ground are ob-

tained and are given in Table 5-2-1.

This table shows that north wind prevails in winter, with the max. frequency in

NE being 19. 1% (the frequency of east wind is also high being 12. 6%), and east wind

prevails in summer at a total frequency of 57. 8 % (the frequency of NE is also high be-

ing 14. 6%). The wind speed on site is higher in summer than in winter, with the

max. being 4. 5m/s.

b. Ground wind direction and speed in Yangzhou urban area

According to the daily ground observation data at fixed times for five years from

1984 to 1988 by Yangzhou Meteorological Station, the average wind speed, prevailing

wind direction and frequency by month are obtained for Yangzhou urban area and are

shown in the following table.

From Table 5-2-2 it can be known that in the ground wind of Yangzhou, the

north wind prevails in winter, and in Feburary the NE wind has a frequency of 17.

0%. In summer east wind prevails, being 16. 0% in August. The prevailing wind di-

rection for the whole year is east, with a frequency of 10. 8%. The frequency of calm

is 13. 3% over the whole year. The ground wind speed is higher in spring and summes

than in autumn and winter. The max. average wind speed appears in April, being 2.

9m/s, and the min. value appears in November and December, being 1. 9m/s. The av-

erage wind speed over the whole year is 2. 4m/s.

47

Table 5-2-1 Ground Wind Direction and Speed on Site

Season Wind direction N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSU W WNU NW NNW C

Winter Frequency (%) 16.5 15.0 19.1 9.2 12.6 2.9 4.4 2.9 2.2 0.5 1.9 0.2 2.4 0.7 5.1 3.9 3.5

Wind speed (m/s) 2.2 2.3 3.1 2.8 3.7 3.3 2.7 3.5 2.2 2.9 1.9 1.7 3.1 2.3 2.0 3.1 0

Frequency ( Y') 7.8 8.3 14.6 7.8 57.8 / / / 3.6 / / / / / / / 4. 2Summer

Wind speed (m/s) 3.5 4.3 3.7 4.5 4.2 / / / 3.1 / / / / / / / 0

oo

Table 5-2-2 Ground Average Wind Speed and Direction by Month in Yangzhou

Month Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Whole year Calm

Wind speed (m/s) 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.4 0

EPrevailing direction NE NE ENE ESE ESE ESE E E NE E NNE NW E /

Freq. of prevailing 10 17 12 12 13 13 13 16 14 11 9 8.8 10.8 13.3direction tCo)

f

4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

r

, ! 4t' 0< 1101 t r~~~~~~A I '.... ,;; AN.,... o.. {

Ilti~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A

~~~~s;,H- U'R

lC- = 7 ,f 618 | \ j Legend

/ ADAS systemRadiosondteStation -

Anemoscope

.|__________ , observation

Fig. 5-2-1 Pollution Meteorological Measuring Point Distribution Map

r r

I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ '

4 -

-, Ur

On the whole, the ground wind characteristics are the same in Yangzhou urban

area and on site. The wind speed is higher on site than in Yangzhou urban area, indi-

cating it increases as it approaches the riverside. In wind direction, the frequency ol

east wind, which is in parallel with the river course, is higher on site than in Yangzhou

urban area, and it increases when approaching the riverside, showing that the wind di-

rection is apparently in parallel with the Changjiang River.

(2) Wind speed characteristics in boundary layer

Tables 5-2-3 and 5-2-4 give respectively the wind frequency of each direction Fand the average wind speed for different altitudes in winter and summer on site. Fig. '

-2-2 and 5-2-3 are respectively the wind roses for the boundary layer flow field in

winter and summer on site.

At each altitude of the site boundary layer, the average wind speed increases with

height from the ground to 300m in both winter and summer. Above 300m the change

in average wind speed is small. The average wind speed at each altitude is higher in

summer than in winter. On site below 20 0m, the prevailing wind direction is ESE in

summer and E in winter. Within the site boundary layer and above the stack top, the

wind direction changes from SE to ENE in summer and from ENE to ESE in winter.

There is a deflection of one or two arizumths in the prevailing wind direction between

the ground and the boundary layer.

(3) Wind speed profiles

For the wind speed under different stability conditions and at different altitude and

on the basis of the measured wind data on site in winter and summer, a power law is

applied: U (z) =U (Z10) ( Z )m to fit the wind speed profiles with the power inde, and

the wind profiles index m values are obtained as in the following table:

Stability Un stable Neutral Stable

m 0.157 0.214 0. 303

3. Temperature field characteristics

The low -altitude radiosonde data in winter and summer on site show that the

temperature on site changes with the altitude, and the results are detailed in Tables .

-2-5 to 5-2-7. The surface temperature inversion of the site area begins at 19: 0t

hours and lasts to 07 : 00 hours in winter, and from 15 : 00 hours to 05 : 00 hours in

summer. The frequency of surface temperature inversion is low, being 9. 8%5 in winter

and 7. 4% in summer. On site area, the upper temperature inversion dominates, witb

a frequency of 73. 5% in winter and 53. 7% in summer. The frequency of occurrance ol

50

-.

temperature inversion is higher in winter than in summer, but the average strength in

each layer in winter is normally weaker than in summer. Although the surface temper-

ature inversion is of high strength, its frequency is low and thickness small, and it will

not affect the high stack discharge of the power plant at 240m. On the other hand, the

three upper temperature inversion layers of 300-500m, 5 0 0 -80 0 m and above 800m

appear at high frequency in both winter and summer, thick and in high intensity, with

average bottom height of 400 to 6 0 0n. Under certain meteorological conditions, it

might result in enclosed plume pollution and affect the power plant.

4. Atmospheric stability

The ground atmospheric stability is classified as follows according to the ground

observation data for five years (1984-1988) by Yangzhou Meteorological Station and

the data from the ground electronic vane measurement in winter and summer during

the measuring period on site and by applying the Pasquill-Tuner Method:

Table 5-2-8 Atmospheric Stability Classification

| - ~~~~~~~Stability class As CEs

Frequency ( A,B,C D E.F

Yangzhou Meteorological Station 17 47 34

Biangang (winter) 1.2 83.1 15. 6

Biangang (summer) 19.9 51.7 28. 4

It can be seen from the above table that in both Yangzhou urban area and site

area, the neutral class (D) has the highest frequency, followed by stable class (E,F),

and the unstable class (A,B,C) has the lowest frequency.

5. Atmospheric diffusion model and parameters

1) Atmospheric diffusion model

a. Continuous point source Gauss plume model

The Gauss type plume model:

C(x,y,O,H)= uQy 2exp ( y2 +2

Where: Q: amount of flue gas discharge, mg/s

Y: perpendicular distance of average wind direction axis on the horizontal

plane, m

y, z: Horizontal and vertical diffusion parameters

51

A. L -

w K

1041

S-2 -2S-SR

/2/1~~~~5

'~~~~ I / ' 1 ,

/ /

I / '~~~

/ I \,/1 I/ I \/ I\

1 1'5

I ~/

Fig. 5-2-2 Site Boundary Layer Field Flow Wind Rose, Winter

52

I Vs s

/2 tI /00/9

d- °° 17Wo

H~~

GS: /o\\4F

/~~~~~~~~/ \

7, / \

900 /,'

Fig. 5-2-3 Site Boundary Layer Field Flow Wind Rose, Summer

53

Table 5-2-3 Wind Direction Frequency and Average Wind Speed at Different Altittudes on Site, Winter

Prevailing

Altitude Wind direction

diection N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE 5 SSW SW WSW W N'A NW NN CItm m Average

wind speed

Frequency (Yo~) 16.5 15.0 19.1 9.2 112.6 2.9 4.4 2.9 2.2 0.5 1.9 0.2 2.4 0.7 5.1 3.9 3.5 NE

Grond Speed (m/s) 2.2 3.3 3.1 2.8 3.7 3.3 2.7 3.5 2.2 2.9 1. 9 1. 7 3.1 2.3 2. 0 3.1 0 2.7

12 Frequency C(/o) 9.0 9.0 12.0 13.0 26.0 8. 0 2. 0 4. 0 1.0 3.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 2. 0 2. 0 3. 0 0 E

Speed (mIs) 2. 4 2.1 3. 0 4.6 4.1 7. 0 2.1 5. 2 2.5 3. 6 2.4 1.4 2. 0 3.2 2. 9 2.1 0 3.7

Frequency (%o) 8.0 9. 0 17. 0 16.0 25.0 7. 0 1.0 4.0 0 2. 0 4.0 1.0 0 1.0 2. 0 4. 0 0 E

25Speed (mIs) 2. 2 2.6 2.9 4.5 4.2 5.9 2.5 2.8 0 3. 0 2.1 0.9 0 1.7 2.1 2.7 0 3.5

cn ~~Frequency (Y.o) 7. 0 12.0 17.0 20.0 22.0 7. 0 2. 0 2.0 2. 0 1.4 4.0 0 1.0 1.0 2. 0 2. 0 0 E

50Speed (m/s) 2. 8 3.2 3.8 4.9 4.8 6. 3 1.9 3.7 4.3 3.4 2.2 0 0. 8 1.6 1.8 2. 0 0 4.0

Frequency (Y'o) 8. 0 4.0 20.0 17.0 21.0 13.0 2. 0 1.0 2. 0 2. 0 3.0 1.0 0 1.0 3. 0 2. 0 0 E

100 Speed (m/s) 3.7 5.7 4. 2 5. 6 5. 4 5.9 1.8 6.5 4.9 4. 0 1.4 2.9 0 0.7 1.7 2.8 0 4.7

IO Frequency (Yo) 6. 0 7.0 15. 0 18. 0 21.0 16. 0 2. 0 1. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 1.0 0 0 3. 0 3. 0 0 E

Speed (mIs) 4.1 5.5 4.5 6.1 7. 0 5.7 1.1 6.4 4.3 2. 8 2. 7 2.4 0 0 1. 7 1.5 0 5.3

Frequency (yo) 3. 0 9. 0 9.0 20. 0 25.0 13. 0 1. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 1.0 0 3. 0 2. 0 3. 0 0 E

200…- - __ _ _

Speed (MIS) 5.1 5.4 4.6 7. 0 6.7 7.1 5.7 2. 8 4.4 3. 6 1. 8 2.7 0 1. 9 1. 3 2.5 0 5. 7

Frequency (Yo) 3. 0 9. 0 9. 0 20.0 23.0 14. 0 2. 0 2. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3.0 0 1. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 0 E

20 Speed (m/s) 5.1 5.8 4.6 7. 6 6. 4 8. 6 3.9 4.1 2.4 5.3 1. 7 0 2.7 1. 5 1.1 1. 9 0 6.1

300 Frequency )3. 0 18. 001 23. 20.0 18. 0 1. 0 13.0 3. 0 j2.O 4.0 0 2. 0 2.0 2. 0 3. 0 0 ENE

Speed (m/s) 4.2 j5.54. 7J7. 3j7. 07.8 2.9 j3.3 3.J.J2.8 0 2.4 1.-9 1.71. 0 6.1

Prevailing

Altitude Wind direction

direction N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WS W WNVA NW NW C -Cm) ItmAve rage

wind speed

Frequency (Yo) 3.0 7. 0 111. 0 19.0 24.0 16. 0 2. 0 3. 0 0 4. 0 3. 0 1. 0 2.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 0 E350…- - _--

Speed (mIs) 4.0 5.0 4.8 7.3 6.7 8. 0 3.3 3.8 0 3.3 2.5 5.6 3.3 2.4 2.6 1.8 0 6. 0

40 Frequency (Yo) 3. 0 8. 0 11.0 14.0 29. 0 15.0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 1.0 1.0 2. 0 1.0 3. 0 0 E

Speed (rn/s) 3.2 6. 2 4.2 7.4 6.4 8.2 3.1 3.1 3. 6 1.9 4.9 5.5 6.8 3.2 1.2 2.2 0 5. 9

40 Frequency C(yo) 2. 0 5.0 11.0 15.0 28.0 15.0 s. 0 1.0 3. 0 3.0 3.0 2. 0 0 2. 0 3. 0 3. 0 0 E

Speed (mIs) 3.7 6. 0 5. 0 6.6 6.8 8.1 7.2 5. 0 3.1 2.1 3.1 8.1 0 4.5 2.4 2. 4 0 6.1

50 Frequency (% ) 3. 0 4. 0 14. 0 15. 0 21. 0 15. 0 10. 0 1. 0 3. 0 3. 0 1.0 2. 0 1.0 4.0 3. 0 3.0 0 E

cn ~~Speed (m/s) 3.5 4.2 4. 7 6. 9 6. 7 8. 0 7.5 5.1 4.0 1. 9 9.3 4.6 4.9 2.6 2. 5 2.6 0 6. 0

50 Frequency (Yo) 3. 0 5. 0 13. 0 15. 0 22. 0114. 0 9. 0 4. 0 3. 0 2. 0 0 3. 0 2. 0 3. 0 3.0 2.0 0 E

Speed (m/s) 2.7 4.2 5.1 5. 6 7. 2 7. 2 7. 9 3. 0 4. 0 2.6 0 6.7 5.7 4. 0 1. 7 3. 0 0 5. 8

60 Frequency (Yo) 2. 0 5. 0 11. 0 12.0 27. 0 10. 0 12.01 5. 0 3. 0 0 1. 0 4.0 2. 0 2. 0 3. 0 12.0 0 E

Speed (mIs) 3. 8 3.7 6.1 5.8 6.3 5. 7 8.7 5.3 3. 7 0 1.2 5.3 5. 6 3.7 2.3 2. 5 0 5. 8

Frequency (%o) 2. 0 5.0 9. 0 13. 0 25.0 8. 0 13. 0 6. 0 3. 0 1. 0 1.0 4.0 3. 0 3.0 2. 0 4.0 0 E700- _…_ _

Speed Cm/s) 3.4 4.5 5.4 5.5 7. 0 5.7 7. 7 5. 5 4. 0 0. 8 2.5 7. 2 4.3 4.2 2. 5 3.9 0 5. 9

Frequency (y'o) 3. 0 4.0 12. 0 9. 0 22.0 9. 0 11. 0 4.0 5. 0 2. 0 2. 0 1. 0 6. 0 2. 0 3. 0 3. 0 0 E800

Speed (m/s) 3. 6 4.3 4.9 4.6 6. 9 5. 9 8. 9 4. 5 5. 7 1. 8 2.1 1.4 4. 9 4. 8 2. 8 4. 5 0 5.7

Frequency (%o) 5. 0 8. 0 8. 0 6.0 17. 0 14. 0 9. 0 9. 0 8. 0 0 0 0 9. 0 5. 0 2. 0 2.0 0 E900

Speed (mis) 3. 2 3. 6 3. 1 5.5 7. 9 4. 9 9. 0 8. 7 3.1 0 0 0 5.6 4. 0 5. 1 2.1 0 5. 8

Frequency (yo) 3. 2 8. 0 0 8.0 11. 0 5. 0 19. 0 3. 0 11. 0 5.0 3. 0 3. 0 8. 0 11. 0 0 3. 0 0 SE1000I I I I III I I

Speed (m/s) 6. 0 12. 6 0 5.2 16. 0 5.3 9. 4 4.6 3. 5 2. 8 1.3 4. 3 9.8 3.1 0 1. 0 61

ir

Table 5-2-4 Wind Direction Frequency and Average Wind Speed at Different Altitudes on Site, Summer

Prevailing

Altiitude Wind directiondirection N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W NU NW NNW C

Item Average

wind speed

Frequency (%o) 7.8 8.3 14.6 7.8 57.8 / / / 3.6 / / / / / / / 4.2 ESE

Ground Speed (m/s) 3.5 4.3 3.7 4.5 4.2 / / / 3.1 / / / / / / / 0 3.9

Frequency (%o) 9.0 11.0 11.0 9.0 19.0 24.0 10.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 3.0 5.0 0 ESE12 - -_- - __…

Speed (m/s) 4.3 4.7 4.3 4.5 5.0 4.7 4.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 3.1 4.3 0 4.5

Frequency (%o) 7.0 9.0 7.0 11.0 19.0 28.0 5.0 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.0 8.0 0 ESE25

Speed (mIs) 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.7 4.9 4.4 6.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1 3.5 0 4.3

Frequency (Yo) 6.0 9.0 11.0 6.0 21.0 30.0 4.0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0 11.0 0 ESE50…____

Speed (m/s) 3.9 4.9 4.5 4.8 4.7 5.4 4.5 3.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 4.2 0 4.8

Frequency (%o) 11.0 10.0 7.0 11.0 14.0 35.0 4.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 8.0 0 ESE100 … … … … … … …__

Speed (m/s) 5.8 5.0 5.5 6.0 5.1 5.7 4.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.6 5.3 0 5.6

Frequency (Y%) 13.8 7.0 12.0 9.0 13.0 35.0 5.0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 6.0 0 ESE150 _ _ -

Speed (m/s) 6.2 6.1 5.8 6.2 5.8 6.1 6.5 4.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9 5.8 0 6.2

Frequency (Yo) 9.0 9.0 13.0 9.0 13.0 30.0 10.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8.0 0 ESE200 …………………- _ _ _

Speed (m/s) 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 5.8 6.5 7.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.8 0 6.8

Frequency (%o) 13.0 7.0 12.0 12.0 11.0 30.0 12.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 3.0 0 ESE250 _ _ _

Speed (m/s) 7.0 7.3 7.5 6.5 5.4 6.5 8.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0 5.7 0 7.1

Frequency (%o) 12.0 8.0 12.0 11.0 11.0 24.0 16.0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.0 0 ESE300 ……………………… - _ _ _ _

Speed (m/s) 8.1 7.3 8.0 7.0 6.1 6.5 8.2 9.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1 0 7.4

1.,:~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 |'7 i_,% 71.1

Prevailing

Altitude WindI directiondirection N NNE NE ENE E ESESESSE S SSWSW S W N NW N C

(m) Item Averagewind speed

Frequency (%o) 11.0 13.0 13.0 12.0 11.0 21.0 17.0 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 0 ESE350 - __

Speed (m/s) 7.2 7.1 8.4 7.3 5.8 6.9 9.0 7.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7 0 7.4

Frequency (3%o) 11.0 12.0 15.0 13.9 9.0 22.0 15.0 3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ESE400 _

Speed (m/s) 6.6 6.9 8.2 7.0 5.6 6.7 7.7 6.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2

Frequency (%o) 11.0 11.0 15.0 15.0 8.0 25.0 11.0 3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ESE450 _______ _

Speed (m/s) 7.2 6.9 9.2 6.3 6.6 6.4 7.7 5.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.2

Frequency (%') 12.0 11.0 15.0 15.0 9.0 24.0 12.0 2.0 0 0 0 0' 0 0 0 0 0 ESE500 _…_…_…_…_…_____-

01 Speed (m/s) 7.0 6.1 8.8 6.4 6.0 6.6 8.8 5.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 7.2

550 Frequency (5%o) 10.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 9.0 22.0 13.0 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ESE

Speed (m/s) 7.8 6.3 9.1 6.7 6.3 6.1 6.9 7.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1

Frequency (Y%) 12.0 10.0 23.0 10.0 8.0 23.0 10.0 3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NE ESE600 _-… _._

Speed (m/s) 7.6 7.7 7.4 6.8 7.1 6.6 7.6 4.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1

Frequency (Yo) 10.0 15.0 19.0 13.0 9.0 25.0 6.0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ESE700 - - - _ - -_

Speed (m/s) 8.4 8.0 6.7 6.8 6.9 8.8 4.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.5

Frequency (%o) 5.0 15.0 24.0 18.0 5.0 25.0 4.0 0 2.0 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 ESE800 - …… _ _

Speed (m/s) 9.2 7.8 7.0 6.1 5.7 7.2 7.5 0 5.9 0 0 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 7.1

Frequency (%o) 3.0 21.0 18.0 18.0 9.0 24.0 6.0 3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ESE900 ._________

Specd (m/s) 9.6 8.7 8.3 7.1 6.6 7.4 5.7 11.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.9

Frequency (% ) 7.0 29.0 14.0 29.0 0 14.0 7.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NNE ENE1000 - -._

Speed (m/s) 9.1 9.1 6.6 8.0 0 7.7 7.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.9

Table 5-2-5 Temperature Inversion Versus Time for

Different Layers Above Site, Winter

- ~~~~~~~~~Time05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Description

No. of occurrances 4 3 1 3 3

Surface temperature Average thickness (M) 70 65 60 67 85

inversion Intensity CC/IOOm) 1.18 1.18 2.67 1.00 0.82

Frequency (%o) 2.8 2.1 0.7 2.1 2.1

No. of occurrances 4 4 6 1 1

p TAverage bottom height (M) 142 134 187 295 20oo Upper TI, Average top height (M) 229 246 256 350 70

bottom height Average thickness (M) 87 112 69 55 50below 300m Intensity C(C/1O0m) 0.63 1.34 0.80 0.80 0.80

Frequency (Yo) 2.8 2. 8 4.2 0. 7 0. 7

No. of occurrances 1 3 4 1 2 3 2

Upper TI. Average bottom height (M) 500 362 388 500 413 381 448bottomheihTl, Average top height (M) 645 435 494 570 485 518 545bottom height Average thickness (M) 145 73 104 70 72 137 97

300-500m Intensity (CC/I00m) 1.59 0.82 0.75 0.29 0.56 1.00 0.62

Frequency (%) 0.7 2.1 2.8 0.7 1.4 2.1 1.4

tI t .. i . St , ii se | U L 1 P

05 07 09 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

No. of occurrances 5 4 2 2 5 4 5 6 5 3

Upper TI, Average bottom height (M) 657 706 782 643 655 618 647 680 642 712

bottom height Average top height (M) 903 912 1127 962 819 861 806 910 833 848

500-800m Average thickness (M) 246 206 345 319 164 180 159 230 191 136

Intensity (C/IOOm) 0. 82 0. 56 0. 86 0. 55 0. 74 1. 24 0. 87 1. 32 1. 21 0. 78

Frequency (Yo) 3. 5 2. 8 1. 4 1. 4 3. 5 2. 8 3. 5 4. 2 3. 5 2.1

Co

No. of occurrances 2 3 2 3 2 5 4 5 4 2

Upper Tl. Average bottom height (M) 878 888 945 960 818 956 948 917 '951 910

bottom height Average top height (M) 998 1055 1055 1190 1230 1097 1125 1077 1139 1008

above 800m Average thickness (M) 120 167 110 239 352 141 177 160 188 98Intensity CC/lOOm) 0. 83 1. 12 1. 23 0. 60 0. 80 1. 28 1. 82 0. 95 0. 61 0. 82

Frequency ( %) 1. 4 2.1 1. 4 2. 1 1. 4 3. 5 2. 8 3. 5 2. 8 1. 4

! , i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t1 ; ! , J~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

Table 5-2-6 Temperature Inversion Versus Time for

Different Layers Above Site, Summer

TimeDesiriptio 04 05 06 07 08 09 11 15 17 18 19 21 23

I)escription

Surface No. of occurrances 1 1 2 1 3 1Average thickness (M) 128 30 30 30 96 25

temperature Intensity CC/100m) 1. 0 2. 3 3.1 5. 0 1.6 1.7

inversion Frequency (%o) 0. 9 0.9 1. 9 0. 9 2.8 0.9

No. of occurrances 4 2 1 3 2 1 2 5 4Upper TI. Average bottom height (M) 156 153 10 60 226 15 125 104 133bottom Average top height (M) 287 202 70 182 270 45 170 146 188height Average thickness CC/lOOm) 131 49 60 122 45 30 45 42 55below 300m Intensity CC/lOOm) 1. 2 1. 8 1.1 1. 5 1.2 3.3 1.1 1. 2 0. 9

Frequency (%) 3.7 1.9 0.9 2.8 1.9 0.9 1.9 4.6 3.1

No. of occurrances 1 2 1 4 1 2 2Upper TI, Average bottom height (M) 435 381 438 422 403 468 310bottom Average top height (M) 500 461 481 481 673 510 360height Average thickness (M) 65 88 43 59 270 102 50300-500m Intensity (C/lOOm) 2.0 0.6 5.0 0. 9 0. 6 1. 4 0. 9

Frequency (%) 0.9 1.9 0.9 3.7 0.9 1.9 1.9

i~~#1 ' ! -X ,, a*,~~~~~I

0 Time 04 05 06 07 08 09 11 15 17 18 19 21 23

No. of occurrances 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 1

Upper TI, Average bottom height (M) 556 609 470 519 599 699 790 650 550

bottom Average top height (M) 580 665 871 566 657 774 810 770 680

height Average thickness (M) 24 56 137 47 58 75 20 120 130

500-800m Intensity (C/lOOm) 1.0 2.5 2.0 1.0 1. 9 0.8 1.5 2.3 0. 2

Frequency (%o) 0.9 3.1 0.9 0.9 3.7 3.7 0.9 0.9 0.9

No. of occurrances 1 1 1

Upper TI, Average bottom height (M) 837 879 825

bottom Average top height (M) 900 900 850

height Average thickness (M) 63 21 25'

above 800m Intensity (C/lOOm) 0.3 2.0 2. 0

Frequency %) 0. 9 0. 9 0. 9

i . _ _ .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

I t ! F 't * -~ 5 J/

Table 5-2-7 Summary of Temperature Inversion Characteristics Over Site

\tem Frequency Average Thickness (m) Intensity (C/100m)

Season Occurrance F bottomHeight (m) height (m) Average Max. Average Max.

Surface Temperature Winter 14 9. 8 69 85 1.37 2. 67

Inversion Summer 8 7. 4 57 128 2.55 5. 00

Winter 16 11.2 156 75 112 0.71 1.34below 300

Summer 24 22.2 109 64 131 1.48 3.30

Winter 16 11.2 427 100 145 0.80 1.59300-500

Summer 13 12. 1 408 97 270 1. 63 5.00

Winter 41 28.7 681 218 345 0.90 1. 32500-800

Summer 18 16.7 635 74 137 1.47 2.50

Winter 32 22.4 923 175 352 1.01 1.82above 800

Summer 3 2.8 847 36 63 1.43 2. 00

q . . . _ ........ .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~p

r . Em -e 1

He: effective height of stack, m

u: wind speed at stack top height, m/s, u=ujo(HY"

H: stack height, m

ulo: wind speed at lOin above ground at the assessed point, m/s

mi: wind profile power index.

b. The diffusion model with upper temperature inversion

Assuming the bottom height of the temperature inversion is D m, the diffusion pa-

rameter ay and the vertical diffusion parameter az, the enclosed diffusion is calcucated Vby the following method:

First, from oz(ZD)=D/2. 15, ZD is determined, and the calculation formula is as

follows within X<ZD:

C(x ,z ,o ,H )---: =Fuaexp_ [2 (2oy + 2ozZ)

Second, from oz(Zu)=2- 1 -(4D-H), Zu is determined, and within the scope of

Z>Zu, the concentration shows an even distribution in the vertical direction and a

Gauss distribution in the direction of y, and at this point:

C(Z.Y ,0)= Q exp (-2ay).r/UDoy 2y

Thirdly, within the scope of ZD<X<LZu, interpolation is made according to the

concentration values at points Z0 and Zu, then:

Ci(Z,Y,O)=Cu(Z,Y,O,H)+CD(Z,Y,O;H)-Cu(Z,O;

If the final plume rise satisfies: (D-H)<AH<2(D-H) then a proportion of P

of flue gas flow can penetrate the temperature inversion layer:

P=1. 5 _(D-H)ALl

A proportion of (1-P) of flue plume will be reflected and diffused downwards,

and at the same time the effective source intensity is corrected as Q' =(1-P)Q.

c. Calculation formula for daily average c6ncentration

The arithmetic average value is obtained by first calculating the concentration val-

ue for each hour with the hourly meteorological parameters of each day:

24

Ca(X,Y,0)= 1 ZCh24D

63

d. Calculation formula for annual daily average concentration

N 1 8 3

C- E E Cp,i,j,k OQI,J,k)- 'P -1-1 j-1 K-I

where, Cp, i, j, k: the concentration under each combined frequency, mg/m 3

(i,j,k): the combined frequency distribution function of wind direction,

speed and stability, and taking the following form:

(i,j,k)=f(j,k).[W(i)+ Gs] -where, f(j ,k): the combined frequency of wind speed and atmospheric stability

W(i): wind direction frequency

Gs: calm frequency.

(2) Atmospheric diffusion parameters

On the basis of the diffusion experiment data from labelled particle method on site

in winter and summer, using the Taylor diffusion formula and by the stability classifi-

cation of unstable, neutral and stable, the diffusion parameter equation for the site

area has been fit and obtained as shown in Table 5-2-9.

Table 5-2-9

Expression y.axb z=cxd

a b c d

unstable 0. 2788 0. 8832 0. 2393 0.9149

Neutral 0.1454 0. 8812 0.2823 0. 7996

Stable 0. 0983 0. 9005 0. 1085 0. 8050

When compared with the (P-G) y in the national standard, the measured y val-

ue is slightly lower under unstable and neutral conditions, and is equivalent to Level E

of the P-G Curve under stable conditions; the z value is slightly higher than Level BP

of P-G Curve within 2km, close to Level B between 2-5km, and slightly lower than

Level B beyond 5km under unstable conditions, slightly higher than Level C of P-G

Curve within 2km, close to Level C beyond 2km under neutral conditions, and slightly

lower than Level D of P-G Curve within 3km and slightly higher than Level D beyond

3km under stable conditions.

6. Determination of plume rise formula

The formula specified in GB3840-83 "Technical specification and methods for

64

making local emission standards of air pollutants" and the formula for TVA stable and

windy condition will be applied to determine the plume rise height.

(1) For unstable and neutral stratification and under windy condition:

Considering that the gas heat releasing rate of one unit in this project will be

13967Kcal/s, greater than 500Kcal/s, the difference between gas temperature at the

stack outlet and the ambient temperature (,LT) is 95°K, greater than 35°K, and the

plant is in a plain rural area, the calculation formula will take the following form:

AH=noQGH 2Un2 (n) rQH =84. 5-QV (Kcal/s)TS

AT =Ts-Ta

where, Qv: actual gas discharging rate (m 3 /s);

u: u =zuo, Z is taken as 1. 778, ulO is the average wind speed value for the

recent five years measured at fixed time at lOmn above ground surface

by the meteorological station in the city (county) where the discharg-

ing barrel is located, (m/s)

Ts, Ta: the gas temperature at the stack outlet and the average ambient

temperature of the ground(°K);

H: the geometric height of stack;

no,nl and n2 are respectively taken as 2. 3, 1/3 and 2/3.

(2) For stable and windy condition:

The American TVA formula will be adopted.

AH = 3. 75 Za 4 9 FIU-1

where, Z: final plume rise lifting distance, and Z=1OHs (m) is taken

F: thermal buoyant flux (m4 /s)

F = R2 Usg Ts-Ta

R a radius of stack outlet (m)

Us: flue gas flow rate (m/s)

g: gravity acceleration (m/s 2 ), g=9. 8

(3) For calm and temperature inverstion condition, the formula specified in the

national standard for rise will be adopted:

ALH = 7. 87Qi(dTa/dz+O. 0098)-3/B

65

where: dTa/dz is the vertical changing rate (C/rn) of ambient temperature at the

height of discharge source.

5. 2. 2 Prediction on atmospheric environmental impact

1. Calculation of atmospheric pollutants discharge amount

According to GB13223-91 'Emission Standard of Atmospheric Pollutants from

Coal -fired Power Plants", the actual and permitted discharge concentration of TSP

and the actual discharge and permitted discharge amount of SO2 of the power plant,

have been calculated, and the results are given in Table 5-2-10.

Table 5-2-10 Atmospheric Pollutant Discharge Amount

PlannedStage I capacity

Description capacity

1X600MW 2X600MW 4X600MW

Actual discharge amount (t/h) 1.28 2. 56 5.12

SO, Permitted discharge amount (t/h) 15.3 15.3 15. 3

Proportion 8. 4% 16. 7% 33. 5%

Actual discharge concentration (mg/ 1

Nm') 146

TSP Permitted discharge concentration 283.3

(mg/Nm3 )

Proportion 51. 5%

It can be seen from the above table that the actual discharge amount of SO2 of

Stage I project is only 16. 7% of the permitted value and this figure will be 33. 5% of

the permitted value when the planned capacity of the power plant (4 X 600MW) is real-

ized. In the 'Guideline for SO2 Discharge Criteria prepared by the World Bank , it is

specified that for regions with median level of pollution (with annual average value of

0. 05mg/m 3), and the max. permitted discharge amount of SO2 shall be 500t/d (about

20. 8t/h). The actual SO2 discharge from the power plant can fully satisfy these per-

mitted values.

When electrostatic precipitators with efficiency of 99% are used, the actual dis-

charge concentration of TSP will be 51. 5% of the permitted value, satisfying the crite-

ria requirement, and at the same time the value of 150mg/Nm 3 as required by the

66

World Bank.

2. Prediction of pollutant ground concentration

(1) Classification of typical days

Four typical days were selected on the basis of the ground meteorological data for

1984 to 1989 from Yangzhou Meterorological Station and the site observation data, and

taking into account the wind directions, speed and stability and the influence to

Yangzhou city, The details are given in the following table.

Table 5-2-11 Meteorological Conditions of Each Typical Day

Frequency (¼o)Date Wind direction Wind speed (m/s) Stability Summer and

Winter

NE. NE. ENE _Jan. 4, e N E 4.0,4. 3.3. 7.5. 7,4. 3. D D D D D 1

NE' NE' NE' E' 16.671989 5. 7,3. 3,3.3 33. 0.2. 3 D,D,E,D,D

E,NE,ENE

ENE. ENE. E.E.Jan. 5, E E E E 3.0O4.3,5.7,7.7,6.7, E,E,D,D,D.

1989 ESE E 5.0,4. 0.6. 0.3. 0,3. 0 D,D,DEE 16.E7%ENE .E

NNE. NNE. NE,Jan. 9, NENE E 1.0.2.0.1.7,2.3.1.7 D. D, D, D, D,

1989 ENE, SSE, NNE, D.D,E,D,D 11.1%NE,NE,N,N

SE, S, SE, ESE,Aug. 9, SE, SE, ESE 3.7.2.3.2.3.3.7.3.7. D, D D C. C. 11 3

1989 2.3.2.3.2.3,2.7.4.7 C,C,F.F.EE-SE .ESE .SE

(2) Daily average concentration of typical days

The various meteorological parameters such as wind direction, wind speed and

stability of the typical days were input into the computer, and the calm and tempera-ture inversion conditions were also taken into consideration. The computer would au-

tomatically select the diffusion models for different meterological conditions to calcu-

late the daily average concentration of the typical days by measurements. At the same

time the daily average concentrations were calculated by superposing the contributing

value by the power plant to the main sensitive spots in the surrounding area with the

67

background values. The area covered by this calculation is 40X 40km2 , with a grid size

of lkm.

1) Daily SO2 average concentration of typical days *1

a. Jan. 4, 1989, there was strong NE wind with neutral stability (occurrance fre-

quency 16. 67%). The average concentration of pollutants distribution is shown in

Fig. 5-2-4. Two high concentration distribution zones appear in the southwest to

the power plant, with the max. value 0. 0 36 mg/m 3 , constituting 24% of the Class II

criteria.

b. Jan. 5, 1989, there was ENE and E wind with relative high wind speed, and

neutral and weak stable weather (occurrance frequency 16. 67%). Two high concen-

tration distribution zones appear in the WNW and WSW to the power plant, with the

max. value 0. 032mg/m', constituting 21. 3% of the Class II criteria. See Fig. 5-2-

6.

c. Jan. 9, 1989, there was light NNE wind with neutral stability (occurrance fre-

quency 11. 1%). There were two high concentration distribution zones to the south-

west of the power plant, which will affect to a certain extent the two silkworm seed

farms in Zhenjiang and Gaozi. The max. value is 0. 013mg/in 3 , constituting 26% of

the Class II criteria and 8. 6% of the Class II criteria. See Fig. 5-2-8.

d. Aug. 9, 1989, there was light SE wind with occasional S wind and with weak

non-stable, neutral and weak stable conditions (occurrance frequency 13. 3%). The

max. value appear in the northwest of the power plant, being 0. 009mg/m 3 , constitut-

ing 6% of the Class II criteria. Its contribution to Yangzhou urban area was 0. 003mg/

in 3 , constituting 2% of the Class II criteria. See Fig. 5-2-10.

2) Daily TSP average concentration of typical days

The discharge amount of TSP will be only one fifth of the SO2 discharge amount.

The average concentration distribution of TSP for each typical day will be similar to

that of the S0 2 for the same day, only the concentration value will be only one fifth,

therefore the percentage of average TSP concentration value in the Class II criteria will

be even smaller than that of S02-

3) Daily average concentration at each sensitive spot.

Five sensitive spots have been choosen for the scenery zones of Yangzhou and

Zhenjiang, the agricultural plant protection zone and the main residential areas. They

are Shouxihu Lake, Yangzhou urban area, Jinshan, Zhenjiang urban area and Zhen-

jiang silkworm seed farm.

The contribution of SO2 to all five sensitive spots is small, with the max. impact

to Jinshan, ranging from 0. 001-0. 010mg/M 3 , constituting 0. 7%-6. 7% of the Class

68

II criteria. The occurrance frequency is 16. 67%.

The contribution of TSP to the sensitive points will be even smaller, and the max. -

value will not exceed 0. 001mg/rn3 .

4) The daily average concentration after superposing the background

The daily average concentration of S0 2 after superposition with the background

value can satisfy the requirements of Class II criteria at each sensitive point, with the

max. value at Zhenjiang urban area, being 0. 083mg/mr, at 55. 3% of the lirmit of

Class II criteria. It is 0. 05 mg/m 3 , satisfying the Class I criteria. It is 0. 05mg/M3, rsatisfying the Class 1 criteria.

After superposition with the backgroound value, the concentration of TSP is 0.

290mg/mr at Zhenjiang urban area, 96. 7% of the Class II criteria, and 0. 272mg/mr at

Jinshan, 90. 7% of the Class II criteria. The concentration value at Shouxihu Lake and

Yangzhou urban area is respectively 0. 199mg/mr and 0. 282mg/m 3, constituting 66.

3% and 94% of Class II criteria and satisfying the value of the criteria. The concentra-

tion value at Silkworm Research Institute is 0. 136 mg/m 3 , 90. 7% of the Class I crite-

ria.

Table 5-2-12 Maximum Daily Average Concentration of

Typical Days Unit: mg/m 3

Date Jan. 4, Jan. 5, Jan. 9, Aug. 9,Pollutant 1989 1989 1989 1989

SO3 0.036 0.032 0.013 0. 009

TSP 0. 007 0. 007 0. 003 0. 004

69

Table 5-2-13 Daily Average Concentration of Typical

Days at Sensitive Spots unit: mg/m3

Typical dayJan. 4, 1989 Jan. 5, 1989 Jan. 9, 1989 bug. 9, 198

Sensitive spot

Shouxihu S02 0 0 0 0. 001

Lake TSP 0 0 0 0.001 17Yangzhou SO2 0 0 0 0. 002

urban area TSP 0 0 0 0. 001

SO2 0. 006 0 0. 002 0Jinshan

TSP 0. 001 0 0. 001 0

Zhenjiang so2 0. 001 0 0. 002 0

urban area TSP 0. 001 0 0. 001 0

Silkworm so, 0.005 - 0 0.004 0

Research

Institute TSP 0. 001 0.001 0

Table 5-2-14 Background concentration and the Daily Average

Concentration Values after Superposing the Background

Values for Each Sensitive Spot Unit: mg/mr

Concentration Shouxihu Yangzhou Zhenjiang SilkwormItem Pollutant Lake urban Jinshan Urban Research

area area Institute

Background SO2 0.055 0. 063 0.072 0.081 0. 045concentration TSP 0. 198 0.281 0.271 0.289 0. 135

Superposed SO2 0.057 0.067 0.074 0.083 0. 050

concentration TSP 0. 199 0.282 0.272 0.290 0. 136

(3) Distribution of annual daily average concentration

Fig. 5-2-10 gives the distribution of annual average concentration of SO2 for the

power plant. It can be seen that the annual daily average concentration value of SO2 is

very small, with the max. value being 0. 003mg/m 3 , far below the specified value in

Class II criteria of 0. 06mg/m 3 , 5% of the limit of Class II criteria. The long term con-

centration distribution trend is in line with the,variation of wind direction over the site

70

area. The concentration is higher to the leeward of high frequency wind E, NE and SE

and is very low to the leeward of low frequency wind of W and SW. The high values

in the distribution of concentration (0. 0025-0. 003mg/m 3 ) are found mainly in the

Changjiang River water area within 15km to the southwest of the site. In other areas,

the concentration is even lower, between 0. 0005-0. 0015mg/m 3 . In the residential ar-

eas around the site and at the sensitive spots, the value is still lower, between 0. 0005

-0. OOlmg/m3 , showing a very small impact from the power plant on the major pro-

tection zones in the surrounding areas.

5. 2. 3 Impact of fluoride on mulberry and silkworm breeding

5. 2. 3. 1 Distribution and scale of mulberry and silkworm bases

The silkworm seed farms at Zhenjiang and Gaozi are two main bases of silkworm

seeds in the province.

Zhenjiang Silkworm seed farm is located about 11km to the southwest of the pow-

er plant. It has about 70 hectares of mulberry fields and turns out 30510 sheets of silk-

worm seeds per year. The silkworm research -institute is located in this area and has

about 60 hectares of mulberry fields, with 1500 mulberry species and over 300 silk-

worm species.

Gaozi Silkworm Farm is about 18km to the power plant and has about 67 hectares

of mulberry fields. It supplies one fifth of the hybrid species for the whole province.

Besides, Shima Silkworm Seed Farm is situated about 19km to the power plant.

5. 2. 3. 2 Status quo of fluoride concentration in atmosphere

The atmospheric flouride concentration monitoring data for Gaozi Silkworm Seed

Farm in 1992 are shown in Tables 5-2-15 and 5-2-16, and the monitoring data for

Zhenjiang Silkworm Seed Farm in 1992 are shown in Table 5-2-17.

The average values at various measuring points in Gaozi Silkworm Seed Farm in

both winter and spring silkworm breeding periods can satisfy the control criteria for at-

mospheric flouride concentration. As far as Zhenjiang Silkworm Seed Farm is con-

cerned, the average walues at various measuring points can satisfy the control criteria

for atmospheric flouride concentration during spring breeding period as some brick and

tile works and cement plants nearby would be shut down during this period (April and

May), and the monitoring values for other months also can satisfy the relevant control

criteria.

71

Table 5-2-15 Atmospheric Fluoride Concentration at Gaozi

Silkworm Seed Farm and its Nearby Area

unit: pg/dm 2 * day

Fluoride concentrationNo. Sampling location Sampling time

(max. value)

1 Gaozi Township Government Jan. 7-18,1992 0.72

2 Gaoziying Jan. 7-18,1992 0.64 F'

3 Gaozi Silkworm Seed Farm Jan. 7-18,1992 0.60

4 East of silkworm seed farm Jan. 7-18,1992 0.89

5 South of Gaozi Cement Plant Jan. 7-18,1992 0.80

6 Gaozi Brick and Tile Works Jan.7-18,1992 0.41

7 Xinhe Jan. 7-18,1992 0.91

8 Near Gaozi Tea Plantation Jan. 7-18,1992 0.65

9 Huajiazhuang Jan. 7-18,1992 0.53

10 Piggery Jan. 7-18,1992 0. 61

11 Shibashan Spring breeding season 0. 88

Table 5-2-16 Atmospheric Fluoride Concentration at

Gaozi Silkworm Seed Farm and its Nearby Area

(Spring silkworm breeding period)

No. Sampling location Sampling time Fluoride (ug/dm 2. day)

1 East Farm April 27-May 30,1992 0. 94

2 West Farm April 27-May 30,1992 1. 03

3 South Farm April 27-May 30,1992 0.98

320 hec. of mulberry fields to A4 April 27-May 30,1992 0.49

the north of railway

Average 0.86

72

Table 5-2-17 Atmospheric Fluotine Concentration at Various

Areas of Zhenjiang Silkworm Seed Farm (1992)

Measured Value (ug/dm 2 . day)Location

April May June July August September

North Yandun 0. 98 0.95 1. 32 2.25 1. 68 1.82

South Yandun 0. 76 0.71 1. 58 2.22 1. 79 1.88

Xiaoshandu 0.81 0. 91 3. 12 2.61 2. 49 4. 15

Sanbaidu 0.82 0.85 1.28 1.56 2. 04 1.92

Zhufangdong 1.20 1. 10 4.79 3. 12 2. 53 2.94

Wangrenmu 0. 67 0. 97 2. 08 1.76 2. 14 2.50

Luzhudi 1. 12 1. 08 3.75 3.11 2.70 3.76

Wangjiashan 0. 94 1. 06 4.53 2.75 2.92 2.80

Erchangdong 0. 62 0. 67 3. 44 2.99 2. 21 4.05

Guangxing 1. 18 1.03 1. 71 4.48 2.67 3.20 _ _

Cbcnjiamcn 1.20 1.08 4.44 2.41 2.74 5.10

Zbujiawan 0.73 0.97 3. 31 2.64 2.36 2. 73

Avcrage 0.92 0.94 2.94 2.66 2. 35 3.07

Note: The average value for spring silkworm breeding period (April-May) is 0.

93.

3. Status quo of fluoride concentration in mulberry leaves

During the spring silkworm breeding season in May, 1992, some leave were taken

in Gaozi Silkworm Seed Farm. Then these leaves were dried under a temperature of 60

-801C and pulverized without washing as in the actual breeding, then passed through

60-mesh sieve for determination of F content by NHO3-NaO extraction--fluorine

eletrode method. The results are shown in Table 5-2-18.

The data about the fluorine content in mulberry leaves of Zhenjiang Silkworm

Seed Farm were provided by this farm, as shown in Table 5-2-19.

73

Table 5-2-18 Mulberry Leave Fluorine Content of

Gaozi Silkworm Seed Farm (ppm)

S Sale Leave species Content Total areaSampling location

No. and type (hec. )

Husang 321 Nansang Group 1 27.74

Sanyan Leaf

2 Nansang Group 1 Husang 32 24.02 1IGandongshan Sanyan Leaf

175

Yu 1513 Nansang Group 1 29.02

Sanyan Leaf

_ ~~~~~~~~Husang 324 Nansang Group 1 26.32

Sanyan Leaf

5 Sang Group 2 Husang 32 28.04Sanyan Leaf

6 Sang Group 2 Husang 32 27.74

Xinchang Group Sanyan Leaf123

Sanyuanchi7 Sang Group 2 28.34

Sanyan Leaf

Husang 328 Sang Group 2 27.36

Sanyan Leaf

Husang 329 Sang Group 3 28.70

Sanyan Leaf

10 Sang Group 3 Husang 32 27.36 112Sanyan Leaf

11 Sang Group 3 Husang 32 29.04Sanyan Leaf

12 Sang Group 4 Hsn3222.54Sanyan Leaf

9313 Sang Group 4 Husang 32 30.08

Zhuweibian Sanyan Leaf

74

According to national standared GB9137 - 88 "Maximum permissible concentra-

tion of atmospheric pollutants for protection of agricultural crops", the criteria of at-

mospheric fluoride concentration for the sensitive plant mulberry (LTP) shall be:

Daily average concentration 5ug/dm 2 . day

Average concentration for breeding season lug/dm 2 . day

The monthly average fluorine in mulberry leaves over the year should not exceed

30mg/kg. - -

The relationship between the atmospheric fluoride Concentration expressed by

LTP method and the atmospheric absolute concentration calculated by models is as fol-

lows according to the empiric formula.

Q=0. 1176 + 0.14551

where, I :LTP concentration (jg/dm 2 * day)

Q: absolute concentration in atmosphere (11g/m3 ).

This formula was obtained by Zhejiang Agricultural University in a practical study

in the leeward of a large power plant during the spring silkworm breeding season. Af-

ter conversion the criteria will be:

Daily average concentration 0. 8451ug/m'

Average concentration for breeding season 0. 2631ug/m 3

5. 2. 3. 4 Calculation of fluoride discharge amount

Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant will use the coal from Shenfu - Dongsheng Coal

Field. The Inner Mongolia Coal Field Geological Survey and Scientific Research Insti-

tute has collected the analytical data on fluorine for 358 coal samples from 12 coal lay-

ers of 3 zones in the middle and north part of this coal field. The average content of

these samples will be taken as the F content of the plant coal. The average F content

of the coal is 77. 9mg/kg.

The results of calculation for fluoride amount discharge are shown in Table 5-9

-20:

Table 5-2-20 Actual Discharge Amount of Flouride For 2X600MW Capacity

Time Unit Fluoride (as F)

Hourly discharge amount kg/h 32. 70

Daily discharge amount kg/d 719. 40

Annual discharge amount t/y 212. 55

76

Sample Leave species Content Total areaSampling location

No. and type (hec.)

14 Sang Group 6 Husang 32 30.34

Dongshantou Sanyan Leaf50

15 Sang Group 6 Husang 32 28.92Sanyan Leaf

16 Dongchang Headquarters Husang 32 27.75Sanyan Leaf

Husang 3217 Dongchang 27.16

Sanyan Leaf90

Husang 3218 Dongchang 27.19

First hatch leaf

19 Dongchang ~~Husang 3222519 Dongchang headquarters Ag al22. 58

Age I leaf

Average 27. 40

Table 5-2-19 Mulberry Leaf Fluorine Content (ppm)

of Zhenjiang Silkworm Seed Farm, 1992

Date Apra 26 Apri 30 May 1 May 2 May 3 May 4 May 5 May 6 May 7

c Content 25.50 27.61 29.61 21.56 24.92 25.64 25.77 14.13 15.90

£ Date May 8 May 9 May 10 May 11 May 12 May 13 May 14 May 15 May 16

S Content 15.81 19.15 20.59 22.56 29.28 30.12 29.08 29.67 31.33

E Date May 17 May 18 May 19 May 20 May 21 May 23 May 24 May 25 Average

Content 28.18 27. 36 27.26 28.65 25.99 29.80 30. 07 31.98 25.67

It can be seen from Tables 5-2-18 and 5-2-19 that the average fluorine con-

tents in the mulberry leaves of Zhenjiang and Gaozi Silkworm Seed Farms are respec-

tively 27. 40 ppm and 25. 67 ppm, both satisfying the requirement in the standard,

which is 30 ppm.

5. 2. 3. 3 Fluoride assessment criteria in mulberry and silkworm area

75

5. 2. 3. 5 Prediction and Impact assessment of fl ride concentration from the power

plant

(1) Prediction of flouride concentration distribution from the power plant

The resistance against flg'urine varies greatly with different species of silkworm

and at different seasons, with the poorest in the spring silkworms. The practices of

silkworm farms in recent years also show that poisoning of domestic silkworms by

flourine takes place mainly during 3-age of the spring silkworm. Therefore, this re-

port only gives a prediction of average flouride concentration during the spring silk-

worm breeding season.

The prediction of average concentration of flouride in the atmosphere during the

spring silkworm breeding season was made by calculating the hourly concentration one

by one using the Gauss plume diffusion model for continuous point sources and then

averaging them. The calculation formula is given below:N

C=-I Ch

where, Ch -the hourly concentration of a measurement;

N -total number of hourly concentration data for April and May (235

data).

According to the calculation, the average fluoride concentration distribution dur-

ing the spring silkworm season is shown in Fig. 5-2-13 and the impact of the power

plant on the atmosphere of the mulberry and silkworm area in terms of F content dur-

ing the spring silkworm season is shown by Table 5-2-21.

It can be seen from Fig. 5-2-13 and Table 5-2-21 that the contribution of

fluorides from the power plant during the spring silkworm season is extremely small in

all three farms, with proportion of contribution being only 1. 37% , 1. 1% and 0. 80%

respectively. Even after the superposing with the background value, the requirement

in the standard (lpg/dm 2 * day) can also be satisfied.

77

Table 5-2-21 Impact of Power Plant on Atmosphere of Mulberry and

Silkworm Area in Terms of F Content During Spring

Silkworm Season

Description Unit Zbenjiang Farm Gaozl Farm Shima Farm

Power plant contribution in Fwalue pg/m' ~~~~~~0. 0036 0. 0028 0. 0021value

0 1Lg/m3 0.2565 0.2455 0.2521Forecast F value in atmosphere

gg/dm. d 40.95 0.88 0.92

Proportion of power plant contri-

bution of F value to local atmo- 'A 1.37 1.1 0.80

sphere

Affcctlng wind direction NE ENE NE

Wind direction frequency 8. 3 6.9 8.3

5. 2. 3. 6 Forecast fluoride concentration in mulberry leaves

The mulberry leaves are the medium causing poisoning of domestic silkworms.

WVhether the silkworms are poisoned and the extent of poisoning is determined by the

concentration of fluorine in the mulberry leaves, and the low concentration of fluoride

in the atmosphere will accumulate in the leaves, therefore the fluorine content in the

leaves is related to the growing length. The longer time it grows, the more fluorine ac-

cumulated in it.

Table 5-2-22 Influence of the Powet Plant on Flourine Concentration

in the Mulberry Leaves of Silkworm Seed Farms (ppm)

Zhenjiang Farm Gaozi Farm Shima Farm

Power plant distribution value 0. 64 0. 63 0. 57

Background value 25. 67 27. 40 26. 32

Predicted value 26. 31 28. 03 26. 89

Predicted value after14. 47 15. 42 14. 79

spraying or cleaning

Precipitation or spraying and cleaning of the mulberry leaves will aapparently re-

duce the fluoride concentration in the leaves. According to data provided by the Silk-

worm Research Institute Farm, on a test for lowering the F content in mulberry leaves

78

by spray irrigation on Apr. 28, 1990, the fluoride concentration in the mulberry leaves

will reduce by about 45% after sufficient rainfall, spraying or cleaning.

The calculation shows the influence of the power plant on the flouride concentra-

tion in the mulberry leaves of each silkworm seed farm as given in Table 5-2-22.

The above analysis has shown that the fluoride discharge from Yangzhou No. 2

Power Plant will contribute extremely little to the three silkworm seed farms at Zhen-

jiang, Gaozi and Shima. The flourine pollution sources imposing big influence on the

silkworm and mulberry areas consist mainly of some small-sized brick and tile works

and cement plants in the surrounding areas. In recent years, the local environmental

protection department has taken some practical comprehensive control measures in

these areas (such as urging these brick and tile works and cement plants to take water

spraying measures for dust removal, reducing or shutting down the production in en-

terprises with big influences during spring silkworm breeding period, and relocating

the cement plant close to the area, etc. ), so that the flouride concentration in these ar-

eas have been lowered year by year. On the other hand, the silkworm seed farms pick

the leaves after rainfall and have installed some spraying devices in the fields to bring

the. flouride content in the mulberry leaves under control. The prediction shows that

the flourine concentration in the atmosphere of the silkworm and mulberry areas and

the flourine content in the mulberry leaves can satisfy the requirements in the relevant

national standard.

5. 3 Water environmental assessment

5. 3. 1 Mechanical damage to fishes at the water in take structure

In this project, each unit is provided with a mushroom shaped water in -take

structure of 9. 5m in diameter, the intake port is 3m high and the water will flow in a-

long the whole circumference. The water in-take will be of steel structure, with the

top elevation of the water intaking port at -10m. The flowrate of water will be kept

at 0. 2-0. 3m/s. The screen provided at the head of the water in-take structure can

stop most of the floating substances and small fishes and shrimps. This will reduce the

mechanical damage to fishes and at the same time can ensure the safe operation of the

power plant.

According to an investigation on mechanical damage to fishes by the intaking of

circulation water made by the power plant in Shanghai Baoshan Iron and Steel Com-

plex, which is installed with 2X350MW units with an amount of water-intaking of

40. 8m3/s (including that by the water works of the complex), the quantity of fish me

79

-9/-

Yangzhou 1-rShouxihu Lake 0X

~o.0c6 D 1

Col~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C

O.OGS

o.WI GIXSZI1U o Town Jaoshan C

d.OO/ : Ga,oZH5b f / orr Researcil ktet C3 Jianbi TownO,00/ 0Gaozi

o~~~~~ lllg /</; hima Silkworm Farm Fg5 -

Daily Average Concentration// / / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Distribution of S02(Mg/M')

O.cX // (Jan. 4, 1989).0.01 0. 0,001 -

, 80

k k

-'92-

r-I 7

Yang ou

Shouxihu Lake x 1_

0.00) ,40

lDri of TP g

(Jan. 4, 1989)

001 A. l#68 °Gao59g§vXXm hQt /0%// serC* lO iani81w

- Yangzhou VShouxihu Lake |

0.00'.W2

0,0!0.02

0.02

0.01 ow ChangjianO.oo _ 7 J 3Jiaoshan A

0.0 OS an eJ 1

0.01 of rch "Xstitte 0 Jianbi Town° Gaozi Silkworm Farm

° Shima Silkworm Farm Fig 5.2-6Daily Average ConcentrationDistribution of SO2 (mg/m 5 )

(Jan. 5, 1989)

82H..

-94-

V

Yanagzou

Shouxihu Lake

u~~

09.0010. 0Q3a 0.003 70. 00/ ng R.

v i~~~~~nshan tMenji ng

0 Gaoz Silkworm Farm stitute Jianbi Town

°Shima Silkworm Farm Fig 5.2-7Daily Average Concentration

Distribution of TSP (mg/rn3 )(Jan. 5, 1989)

-w; - 839;-

-95-

Yangzhou l17

Shouxihu Lake tMi g 0

. tZ/ Cangjing R. -eu a-z-- >

= , 2 4 < / P fgX~~~~~~~~~iaoshan Cz

0.0of \ \ u0,003 o A 9

O.X3

0, 0.0 , 7XI00 0.0 stitute02 .X

o,a7- I ° Ga S/pg/6r/garm t T Research Jianbi Town

a~ ~~. _, / °°V /ha ' loj arm Fig 5. 2-8. / / / / 18 1 / 0 IDOQ5\ \ ~~Daily Average Concenrio

0,0 :l// / /° J/{I'IDistribution of S02(mg/ml)/ / / I I I I I \ I ~~~~~~(Jan. 9, 1989)

0,0 Ol ,1 OPI/ OD o01 $l 0 ,01. X2 O..OOI

84

-96-

Yangzhou

- _ .Shouxihu Lake

OJYJI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Si fh o 3 Changjiang an Z ja

o Ga il / Far Reac USl Jianbi Town0,~~~~~~~

// L7( 9 1989)

// / / °~~ Sh' a -Sil korrm Farm Fig 5.2-9O,C' //7I1 f Daily Average Concentration

~~~~Distribution of TSP (m&/3, / / (Jan. 9, 1989)

0, 00. o.cX/ o.X/ o.UJ 078

.,X,.

0.,' 0.00/ o.ce, o.rz o.azzo

S.oxihu Laxh 4e

o.wI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~.

n al 1X W gSS =~gjin R

Guazhou'ont /Cagjm 0,00/~~~~~~~~~~

0 Gaozi Silkworm Farm cb 1 Stj Q Jianbi Town

° Shima Silkworm Farm Fig 5. 2-10Daily Average ConcentrationDistribution of S0 2 (Mg/m 3 )

(Aug. 9, 1989)

~;-- 86

-98-

0.001 OC. 000),oo

Shouxihu Lak -E

OjXI

Gaozi Slkworm arSlwrmFrmig521

Daily Average ConcentrationDistribution of TSP (mg/rn)

(Aug. 9, 1989)

87

-99-

b0 0.5 0.5

.. 0.5) t/i tv 0.5

G ?oAn,\lAWh~~angiia,R

U.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.2.0

2.0 ) , 9 / Jinshan ; g <> . .

'.5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.2.0

2.0i, .5, _ ?tSaziniTw

1.5 (.5 1 0 1.0 0,5

l8

2.0~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~8

-/00 -

* 1

0.005

Yangzhou -

Shouxihu Lake

0,0a . > ~~ |l + ~~~~Changjiang RN

^ / / esearct st>>t ° J~13 ian'bi Town

Fig 5.2-13/Shima Silkwormn Farm Monthly Average Concentration

Distribution of Flourides (forSpring Silkworm Breeding Period

(Ag/m3 )

89

chanical damage is 1. 1-1. 73t/Y. The amount of water intaking in this project will be

40. 36mr/s. At the low flowrate and with effective protection provisions, it is expected

that the mechanical damage to fishes will be very small.

5. 3. 2 Analysis of warm water discharge impact to environment

(1) Temperature distribution in thermal diffusion following warm water discharge

According to the conclusion in the (Numerical Simulation Report on warm Water

Discharge of Yangzhou New Power Plant) prepared by the Nanjing Scientific Research

Institute on Water Conservancy, the amount of mixed flow near the river channel has a -

very big bearing on the temperature rise in the environment under the same discharge

condition. The higher the mixed flow, the lower the temperature rise. From the re-

sults of flow field calculation, normally the flowrate is high in the main channel and

low near the bank, and during the tide rising, there is even backflow on the shoal of

the south bank, giving rise to negative flow. In winter, when there is negative flow at

the incoming of a spring tide, the negative flow on the shoal may be greater than that

in the main channel. As the shoal of the south bank is far from the water in -take

structure on the north bank, the flow configuration on the shoal will have little bear-

ing on the temperature field distribution. Furthermore, the north bank is concave, the

water near the bank is deep and the flow -rate is higher than that near the south

bank. This will result in a large mixed flow near the water discharge port, which will

be benefitial to the lessening of heat pollution by taking in cool water.

The calculation results have shown that the temperature field distribution shape

will change with the changing tidal level. But in the course of the whole tidal cycle,

the temperature distribution is in a strip shape along the bank, and the higher the tide,

the narrower the temperature distribution strip.

(The surface Water Environment Quality Standard) specifies that the change in

environmental water temperature caused by human being should be limited to <1^C of

average max. weekly temperature rise in summer. The average water temperature in

August of this river section is 28. 51C. The water discharge temperature at the head of

the discharge channel in summer will be 351C, forming a 3TC temperature rise zone of

50 X lOOm near the discharge port, the temperature rise zone of 1 'C is about 150 X

320m, with the max. width at 10%o of the river width. At tide ebbing, the tempera-

ture rise strip zone will gradually become narrow to 6%o of the width of the river.

(2) Impact of warm water discharge on plankton

The function of the temperature field to the plankton in the receiving water body

90

is mainly shown in (a) change in the composition of species, with an increase in the

warm -type species, (b) change, in advancing, delaying and speeding up of the repro-

duction period of some species, and (c) death or loss of fertility of some species in the

strong temperature rise area. At Biangang the river is deep and wide and the water ex-

change capacity is strong, and the growing period of phytoplankton is short and their

reproduction is fast. Therefore, there will be no apparent impact to the total biomass

with a local and small temperature rise area.

There are some similarities for the zooplankton with the phytoplankton. Within rthe temperature rise area, there will also be some change in the composition of

species. The zooplankton features short breeding period, fast reproduction and high

turnover in the biomass, therefore no apparent impact will be made to the total

biomass of the zooplankton by the warm water discharge.

(3) Impact of warm water discharge on fishery production

a. Impact to grown fishes

Fishes can swim freely and can keep away from the warm water. Warm water dis-

charge can rarely cause direct death of grown fishes. The results of heat impact experi-

ment on Chinese sturgeon, Xenocypris argentea, jack mackerel, Anguilla japonica,

crucian, Silurus asotus and Leiocassis longirostris showed no apparent adverse effect

on them after warm flow impact for 5, 10 and 15 minutes under the temperature rise

conditions.

b. Impact to embryo and young fishes

The fish eggs and young fishes are passive biological bodies and can only move

with the water flow. And they are tender and small and easy to be injured. Experi-

ments on the embryo of grass carp and on seedlings of grass carp, Aristichthys nobilis

and bream have shown that under temperature rise conditions, their mortality rate

would increase as compared with that under normal temperature conditions. But this

loss can be excluded as there is no spawning field for these grass carp, silver carp and

Aristichthys nobilis. The bream is widely spread and its reproduction is much adapt-

able, hence is little affected.

(4) Residual discharged chlorine concentration distribution in the warm water

In order to prevent the reproduction of organic substances in the condensers, cir-

culation water chlorination plant will be provided (with chlorine neutralization plant to

prevent chlorine leakage accident). The amount of chlorination is adjusted so that the

residual chlorine content in the cooling water at the outlet of the condenser is between

91

0. 1-0. 3mg/I. The chlorination operation is carried out at the inlet of the circulation

water at the fixed times each day (1-2 hours). _

According to the INumeric Simulation Report on Warm Water Discharge for

Yangzhou New Power Plant", the distribution-of residual chlorine also mainly depends

on the mixing, dilution and moving of the environmental water body as the case with

the warm water. the distribution of residual chlorine is quite similar to that of the

temperature field. The distribution of residual chlorine is detailed in Figs. 5-3-3 and

5-3-4.

With two units of 600MW in operation, the residual chlorine concentration at the

discharge port will be 0. 1-0. 3mg/1. After the dilution by the river water, it will be

below 0. 01 -0. 03mg/I within an area of 300m in diameter around the discharging

point. In the lethal analysis of chlorine to fishes, no silver carp seedling died in water

with Cl content 0. 07mg/I within three days, but the average living period at 0. lmg/l

is 1. 2 days. All trout seedlings died within 2 days in water with Cl content 0. 05-0.

06mg/I, but there was no death for two weeks at 0. Olmg/l. Some fishes would die

within four days in water with Cl content of 1. Omg/l. Therefore the damage to fish

seedlings and sensitive living things is limited to a scope of 300m, and there will be no

significant influence outside this 300m. As the residual chlorine will bring certain im-

pact to the water ecology and aquatic resources, it is necessary to strictly control the

amount of chlorination and monitor the discharge concentration of residual chlorine af-

ter the power plant is put into operation.

5. 3.3 Waste and Sewage water discharge impact to environment

The waste effluent from the plant area includes chemical waste water, oil-con-

taminated waste water, coal yard runoff and living sewage. Relevant control and treat-

ment provisions have been considered before their discharge (for details see Chapter

3).

The chemical waste water is collected and treated and then discharged when the

discharge criteria have been met, or it will be returned for retreatment. The floating

oil in the oil-contaminated waste water is treated with oil isolation pond and oil sepa-

rator to recover the oil. The coal yard runoff rainwater and cleaning water is delivered

to the sediment pond, and the clear upper water after sedimentation is sent to the

waste water treatment system for disposal. As the plant will have a large staff team

and it is far from the urban area, there will be a large quantity of living sewage water.

Therefore a sewage treatment system will be provided in the plant area to treat this

92

3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

01 00 hors A.g. 27 18

0 IoC JOG ja~Id

Fig. 5-3-1 Temperature Field at Tide Eibing015 OOhours, Aug. 27, 1985

me~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -------

Fig. 5-3-2 Temperature Field at Tide Rising\ 05 t 00 hours , Aug. 27, 1985

o-o3 O.o ooo

Fig. 5-3-3 Residual Chlorine Distribution at Tide Ebbing17: 00 hours, Dec. 21, 1985, unit: mg/i

0.03 0,0( 0.007

Fig. 5-3-. Residual Chlorine Distribution at T e Rising20: 00 hours, Dec. 21, 1985, unit: mg/A

} 4 ,, + + ~~~V.1 I. p., >;

sewage with biological method, and the sewage water will be discharged into the river

after satisfying the criteria. .r

In the coal-fired power plants now in operation, the water quality of various ef-

fluents at the discharge can all satisfy the control parameters for Class I criteria in the

"Effluent Discharge Criteria". It is expected through this comparative analysis that

these effluents will not produce adverse effect to the environment after being dis-

charged into Changjiang River and the scope of mixed zone which can satisfy the crite-

ria for Class III zone surface water quality will be about 500 X 200m, and will not affect

the water quality at the water intake of the water plant 5km upstream the power plant.

Table 5-3-1 Quality of Discharged Effluents

Quality mg/i

Description pH CODcr BODs SS With oil Phenols Colour

Chemical waste water 6-8. 5 (100 (70 (10 No

Oil-contaminated7-8 ~~~~~~(10 (0.2 No

waste water

Coal yard rainwater 8 30-70 No

Living sewage 7-8 80-100 (30 (70 No

5. 3. 4 Impact of ash yard water permeation into underground water

The ash water in this project will be circulated for repeated use. It will not be dis-

charged into the environmental water body. The impact of ash water to the environ-

ment consists mainly of its permeation into the underground water.

(1) The anti-permeation characteristics of the ash yard stratum soil

The ash yard at Shatouhe is a long belt, where there is well-growing vegetation.

From the geologic boring data it can be known that in this area it is of the deposite al-

luvial of quaternary. From the top to the bottom, it is plain backfill, loam, silt loam,

etc, with permeability coefficients as follows.

Table 5-3-2 Permeability Coefficients of Ash Yard Statum

Bottom PermeabilitySoil layer Thickness (m)

elevation (m) coefficient (cm/s)

Plain backfill (Q4mL) 2.1-4. 5 2. 7-5 5. 9X 10-5

Loam (Q4mL) 1. 3-3.1 1. 6-2. 8 3. 4X10-'

Silt loam 1. 6-17. 2 -6. 30. 4 3. OX 10-'

Silt light loam 2. 9-13. 4 -1. 8-13.2

95

The ground elevation of the ash yard is 5-7m, and the depth of underground wa-

ter is 0. 7m, which is of pore-subsoil water. The table of underground water will rise

and fall as it is controlled by precipitation and the Shatouhe River.

In the boring at the ash dam, it was obtained from a test to the soil above the un-

derground water table inside the dyke (silt, loam) that the permeability coefficient K =

3. OX10 7cm/s, indicating that the ash yard stratum inside the dyke has a good resis-

tance against permeability.

(2) Quality of ash water 17The heavy metal content in the ash sluicing water is shown in Table 5-3-3,

which is obtained from the ash extraction test of the Shenfu coal. The data were based

on a simulation of ash sluicing water being transferred from the power plant of vibra-

tion for 8 hours and leaving still for 16 hours.

Table 5-3-3 Quality of Ash Sluicing Water Unit: mg/l -_

Monitored element Cr4+ As3 + Hg 2+ Cd2+ Pb2+ pH

0. 04± 0. 035± 0. 0007± 0. 005± 0. 09± 10. 5±

r 1 0. 002 0. 005 0.0002 0.001 0. 03 1. 0

o 1 $ 5 0. 03± 0. 025± 0- 0. 0035± 0. 07 10. 5±

*f 0. 002 0. 005 0. 0005 0. 0025 1. 1

0. 024± 0.02 0- 0- 0. 065± 10. 2±Is1:10

0. 002 0. 0005 0. 006 0. 005 1. 2

The above table shows that the content of harmful elements, such as As, Pb and

Cd, in the ash sluicing water is normally below the combined discharge criteria set

forth by be state.

(3) Impact of ash sluicing water on environment

There are mainly rivers, ditches and farmlands around the ash yard. It is several

km away from the residential villages where the residents take deep underground well

water as their potable water. The ash water will not influence the potable water of the

villagers. In order to monitor the possible influence of ash water on the well water,

monitoring wells will be provided around the ash yard to measure the ash water perme-

ability at fixed times. Meanwhile the protection of the ash dam will be strengthened to

prevent the ash water from permeating.

5. 4 Impact of ash and slag and their multi-purpose utilization

1. Analysis of impact of ash and slag

96

The power plant will discharge about 420,000 tons of ash and slag each year, in-

cluding 380,000 tons of ash and 40,000 tons of slag. The ash yard for the first stage

will be the abandoned river course of Shatouhe, about 4. 6km to the east of the site,

which is in a narrow belt shape. Within the ash yard will be a dam to cut the river

course. At present part of the river course has become fish breeding ponds.

As the ash yard will be formed by the abandoned river course and the river bed

soil is high in binding power, with low permeability, there will be little influence of

ash water on the underground water. The ash and slag will be kept immerged under rwater by dams at both ends of the ash yard to prevent them from flying off with the

wind to pollute the ground surface. No farmland will be occupied by the ash yard.

Moreover, when the ash yard is full, it can be covered by soil to get more land so as to

increase its utilization value. Therefore, storage of ash and slag will not produce ad-

verse impact on the environment.

The following proposals have been put forward to definitely lessen and control the - -

possible influence on the environment by the ash and slag:

(1) Strengthen the operation management to avoid such accident as ash dam col-

lapse or breaking,

(2) Keep the immersion water level in the ash yard to prevent the ash from flying

off to pollute the environment,

(3) Plant forest belt around the ash yard to reduce the fly ash impact on the envi-

ronment,

(4) Ash yards will be put into service by different stages. When the first is full, it

can be covered by soil to turn it into farmland,

(5) When the ash and slag is used for other purposes, the facilities for its supply-

ing, conveying and processing will be in good seal to prevent secondary pollution.

2. Multi-purpose utilization of ash and slag

1) Status quo of multi-purpose utilization of fly ash in Yangzhou

Yangzhou is a municipality under the direct jurisdiction of province and has a fairly

developed economy. Its building material industry is of considerable size and has some

advantages, with over 200 enterprises of fair sizes. Starting from 1984, Xinghua Brick

and Tile Mill and Taixing Cement Plant have been using fly ash as a blending material.

The multi-purpose utilization of fly ash are also being done in Baoying, Hanjiang,

Taizhou and Yizheng, where over 300,000 tons of fly ash from power plants of Jianbi,

Yancheng, Huanyin and Yangzhou has been used. But in the whole area, this utiliza-

97

tion is not extensive due to the fact that many more enterproses have not got the re-

quired sources of fly ash, their technical equipment need to be improved and there is

lacking in transportation means.

The building material industry of Yangzhou has a large output of cement products

and baked brick products, and the road construction and building industry will also

have a large demand to the fly ash. On the other hand, Yangzhou is a plain area with

a network of waterways, lacking in land resources. It cannot last long for the cement

and brick makers and road constructors to 'build road and make bricks by destroying 1fields. '. To develop the utilization of fly ash in these fields will save the land re-

sources and the consumption of energy, equipment and raw materials, and can well in-

tegrate the social, economic and environmental efficiencies.

2) Envisages on multi-purpose utilization of fly ash

Some building material enterprises and the transportation and building industry

departments of Yangzhou are still new with the fly ash and they don t have the practi-

cal experience in turning it into products. Therefore the following principles shall be

adhered to in selecting enterprises to make use of fly ash:

a. It should have a fair size in production scale,

b. Its leadership should have the initiative to use the fly ash,

c. There are reliable technique, quality, efficiency and market,

d. The planning departments of the various counties should actively spread the

use of fly ash as long as the economic efficiency is ensured.

According to the above principles, the following enterprises and their ash consum-

ing quantity have been determined.

Table 5-4-1 Fly Ash Users

User description Purpose TY Remarks____________________(T /Y ) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Yangzhou Highway Adminis- Road Equal to ash quantity for 3km70000

tration construction of Grade I highway

Baili Cement Plant Cement 30000 Plant expansion

It can provide cement for cx-Hanjiang Cement Plant Cement 30000

pansion of power plant

Yangzhou Cement Branch To be newly built near theCement 25000

Plant power plant

98

QuantityUser description Purpose (T/Y) Remarks

Building enterprises in Substitution 60000 Substitute for sand for half a

Yangzhou of sand year consumption

Taixing Louzhuang CementCement 15000

Plant

Taixian Cement Plant Cement 20000 r

Xinghua Cement Plant Cement 20000

Baoying Cement Plant Cement 20000

Gaoyou Cement Plant Cement 20000

Total 310000

The First stage of the power plant will produce fly ash 420, 000 tons per year, and

only the above listed enterprises will use up 73. 8% of that amount.

3) Calculation of overall efficiency

a. Saving in soil: the volume of 310,000 tons of fly ash is 450,000 cu.rm. equiva-

lent to a saving of soil fecthed from 40 hectares (at excavation of 1 meter deep).

b. Substitution of sand in road construction: at 6 yuan/ton of material cost sav-

ing, it will be 780,000 yuan/year.

c. For cement production, 180,000 tons/year. When these plants use fly ash to

produce cement, the cost can be reduced by 30 yuan per ton as compared with the dry

mine slag, resulting in a total saving of 5. 4 million yuan per year.

Only the above two items will save 6.18 million yuan per year. The multi-pur-

pose utilization of fly ash will also greatly prolong the service period of the ash yard re-

sultig in landsaving.

5. 5 Noise

5. 5. 1 Construction stage

99

(1) Sources of construction noise

The construction of the power plant will be divided into several stages: prepara-

tional stage for making available the power, water supply and the access road and the

levelling of the site ground, foundation excavation, piling, concreting, erection of

steel structures and cladding, and equipment installation. Often different stages will

overlap. Table 5-5-1 gives the main sources of noise and the corresponding sound

level range.

(2) Construction noise assessment

During the construction period, the most strong noise will be that from the pile

driver at the initial stage and that from boiler venting near the end of construction,

both are of intermittent or accidental sources. Normally at 15m from the pile end, the

sound level of pile driver commonly used in China is lOOdB(A); at 15m from the vent-

ing point of the boiler, the noise level can be up to 120dB(A) and it can be reduced by

30-4OdB(A) by the provision of a silencer.

Table 5-5-1 Noise Level of Construction Machines

Noise level dB(A) at 15m60 70 80 90 100 110

Scraper _

Tractor

Truck

Concrete mixer

Crane

Air compressor

Excavator

Percussive pile driver

Vibrator

Sawing machine _

Rammer compactor

Boiler venting

100

a. Forecasting model

L,x=l,o+20 Ig r_

where: I.x-- sound level at receiving point, dB(A)

Lo -- sound level at reference point, dB(A).

ro-- distance from the reference point to the source, m

r -- distance from the receiving point to the source,m.

b. Forecasting result

The forecasting results are shown in Table 5-5-2. When GB12523-90 "Envi-

ronmental standard on construction noise n is taken as the assessment criteria

(85dBA), it can be satisfied at distances of 85m and 844m respectively for the pile

driver oper:ition and the boiler steam exhausting. There is no resident within this

scope. At 1. Skm from the construction area, the noise level of the pile driver is 60dB

(A) and that of boiler exhaust 8OdB(A). In the latter case. when a silencer is provided

(assuming that it can reduce the noise level by 3OdB(A)), it can be reduced to 50dB

(A). The above analysis has shown that there will not be significant noise impact to

the surrounding environment during the construction perioid.

Table 5-5-2 Forecast Results of Construction Noise

unit: dB(A)

Distance from noise source (m)Description 15 30 85 200 400 800 1000 1500

Boiler Without silencer 120 114 105 97 91 86 84 80

venting With silencer 90 84 75 67 61 56 54 50

Pile driver 100 94 85 77 71 66 64 60

5. 5. 2 Operation phase

(1) Noise sources

Noise from the operation of the power plant consists of a number of sources with

different frequencies, and is of wideband noise. Such noise is mainly of low and mcdi-

um frequencies. And the human ears are sensitive to high frequencies and insensitive to

low frequencies.

The noise sources of the power plant can be divided into the following six cate-

101

gories by their different natures:

a. Mechanical dynamic noise: from the operation, vibration, friction and collision V,W

of various mechanical equipment, mainly of low and medium frequency.

b. Pneumatic dynamic noise: from the flow, expansion, venting and leaking of

HP air and gas flows in various fans, ducts, turbines, steam pipelines, etc., with all

frequencies of low, medium and high ranges.

c. Burning noise: from the burning, gasification and flue gas movement in the

furnace system, mainly of low and medium frequency.

d. Electromagnetic noise: from the alternating of electromagnetic fields in mo-

tors, excitors, transformers and other electric machines, mainly of low and medium

frequency.

e. Traffic noise: from automibiles and trucks in the plant area, ships and vessels

in the jetty and their horns and sirens, of all frequency ranges, with that from horns --

and sirens mainly of high frequency.

f. Other noise: from hydraulic movement, boardcasting and the daily life of peo-

ple, normally of medium and high frequency.

The above six categories of noise sources constitute the environmental noise of the

power plant. The first three categories are more powerful and concentrated in energy

and more extensive as compared with the other three.

Most of noise sources of the first four categories are within the workshops. The

noise spread outwards through the windows, doors and wall openings. Among these

workshop noise sources of different types and magnitudes, most of the equipment pro-

ducing powerful noise are in the main building, being the extra large noise sources in

workshops, and they are the main component of environmental noise from the power

plant.

The noise level of each of the main equipment of the power plant is listed in Table

5-5-3, with reference to the measured data from plants of similar type in foreign

countries.

102

Table 5-5-3 Noise Level of Main Noise Sources in the Power Plant

Noise levelPosition Noise source _

range dB (A)

Boiler 85-94

fan 86-108Boiler

Induced draft fan 91-105house

Coal mill 86-115

Boiler house environment 80-98

Turbine 86-98

Generator 86-98

Excitor 89-107Turbine hall

Various pumps 86-103

Drainage pipes 106-110

Turbine hall environment 83-96

Coal crusher 95-99Outside

Chemical water workshop 78-88Main

building Forging house 89-103

Machining workshop 78-86

Vehicle horn 85-95

(2) Forecast of noise impact to environment

a. Forecasting method

For the noise forecast in this project, the "application software package for noise

forecast assessment" prepared by Beijing Labour Protection Research Institute has

been adopted. The noise sources are grouped into two categories: those within build-

ings and isolated ones outdoors. In the calculation, the buildings were treated as sim-

plified acoustic enclosures for the former and all the noise sources can be replaced by

sufficient number of point sources. The attenuation with distance, air absorption and

barrier effect, etc. have been taken into consideration for the spreading of noise.

A system of rectangular coordinates was set up on the plot plan of the power

plant, with square grids of 5OX50m, and the nods of the grids were taken as noise re-

ceiving points. Calculations were performed on computer after inputting the coordi-

nates of buildings, noise sources and their noise levels. A loudness contour was ob-

103

tained as shown in Fig. 5-5-1 by connecting points at same noise level with smooth

curves at internals of 5dB(A).

b. Assessment of forecast

It can be seen from the forecast calculation results that at about 240m from the

main building, i. e. near the fence of plant area, the noise from the main building will

be attenuated to 6OdB(A), and be attenuated to 55dB(A) at 100m outside the plant

fence. Within this scope there is no noise sensitive area such as residential and com-

mercial quarters or school. The noise which will produce major impact to the environ-

ment will be the noise from the venting of boilers. With the provision of a powerful si-

lencer, the noise level at lkm from the venting point can be controlled at about 55dB

(A).

According to the above analysis, there will be only minor noise impact to the sur-

rounding environment after the power plant is put into operation, and the criteria spec-

ified by the state can be satisfied.

(3) Noise control measures

In order to more effectively reduce and control the impact of noise to environ-

ment, the following suggestions are put forward in this assessment:

a. The strong and powerful noise sources should be concentrated in low and cov-

ered locations. The venting valves and venting ports which will produce high frequency

noise should be directed to a direction with less impact to the environment. Noise con-

trol requirements should be raised to the manufacturer on provision of acoustic enclo-

sure, silencer, etc. , when placing orders.

b. For workshops and working places where there will be strong noise, the use of

sound absorbing material or provision of sound -proof rooms should be considered to

reduce the influence of noise of the operating personnel.

c. For the archtectural layout of administration building, etc. in the plant area,

the doors and windows should be kept away from the direction of strong noise sources

and sound-absorbing materials should be used to the maximum extent.

d. Trees should be planted around the main buildings, in the office area and the

plant front area, and they will form isolation belts and barriers to absorb and reduce

the noise.

5. 6 Coal Jetty

1. The impact of coal dust on atmospheric environment

According to the conditions of the coal jetty of this project, the main locations

104

n i

b(A)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

' .; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ScaleA

Fig. 5-5-1 Loudness Contour for Noise Forecast

where dust will be raised include the unloading of coal on the jetty and the stacking and

reclaiming of coal in the coal yard. With provisions for preventing dust and removing

dust, the total amount of raised dust will be about 800 tons per year.

The raised dust can be divided into suspended particles (1 - 1I00p ) and grains

(over 100Ai). The grains can fall fairly rapidly under gravity, and normally settle in

several dozen or within 100 meters to the leeward of the pollutant source, with little

impact on the atmospheric environment outside the operation area. But the suspended

particles fall at a very low speed and can carried with moving air for a long time by

floating in the air, and they will harm the human bodies. According to relevant statis-

tic data, the total suspended particles constitute about 5. 6% of dust, i. e. the coal

handling in the jetty area of this project will produce about 44. 8 tons of suspended par-

ticles per year. Its concentration in the environment will be very low after being dilut-

ed and diffused in the atmosphere. It has been predicted that at the annual average

wind speed of 3. 5m/s and under stability of Class C-D, the primary concentration

value of coal dust satisfies the Class I criteria at 85m. Therefore, the coal dust from

the jetty will only influence a small area, and it is normally limited to the handling area

of the jetty and part of the plant area, with very little impact on the environment out-

side the plant.

2. Impact of coal falling into Changjiang River

During coal unloading, some coal lost will fall into Changjiang River. If we con-

sider half of it, it is about 400 tons per year. After falling into the river, the large

grains will settle into the river bed under the actions of water flow and gravity, but the

small particles will remain suspended in the water body, increasing the concentration

of suspended solids in water.

Assuming that the grain size composition of the lost coal is the same as that of the

total coal, the settling speed of coal grains of different sizes in water can be obtained

according to the settlement theory, as shown in Table 5-6-1.

Taking the average water depth near the jetty as 15m, horizontal water flow rate

as 0. 6 m/s, and a factor of 1. 7 with respect to the reduction in settling speed of grains

due to the turbulence of water flow, it can be known that the grains sized over 1.

45mm can reach up to 180m from the falling point. This constitutes 78% of the total

weight of coal falling into the river. In other words, about 88 tons of coal with grain

sizes smaller than 1. 45mm will flow beyond 180m from the jetty to increase the con-

centration of suspended solids in the river water body. However, Changjiang River has

107

a very large flow, with average sand content for years being 0. 527kg/mr and average

sand transferring amount for years being 457. 272 million tons per year. Therefore this

small amount of suspended coal will not significantly affect the water quality of

Changjiang River.

Table 5-6-1 Settling speed of Coal Grains

Grain size mm >6 4 1.45 0.70 0.23 0. 082

Proportion %e 42. 66 24. 46 11. 30 6.19 7. 45 4.19

Settling speed m/s 0. 243 0. 187 0. 085 0. 038 0. 007 0. 00092

3. Measures to control pollutants from the jetty

(1) Spraying nozzels will be provided at the outfall of the coal unloader to form

water curtains and buffering plates will be installed in the coal conduit to reduce the

speed of coal flow.

(2) Glass fiber reinforced plastic corrugated wind shield will be provided along the

sides of the overhead belt conveyor on the jetty, and the enclosed belt conveyor corri-

dor will be constructed on the bridge. Rubber aprons with good sealing property will

be installed for the material chutes at each falling point.

(3) Flushing nozzels will be provided on the jetty to flush the ground periodically,

and the water mixed with coal will be recovered to the coal water pond for sedimenta-

tion. Water spraying devices will be proivded at every 50m on both sides of the coal

yard to prevent dust of coal from flying off.

(4) The rubbish from vessels will be collected and removed from jetty. Small mo-

tor-driven cleaning carts should be provided on the jetty.

(5) Monitoring of the surrounding water area of the jetty should be strengthened.

Fence and overflow oil recovery device should be provided and oil eliminator and ab-

sorbent prepared to lessen the effect of accidental overflow of oil.

5. 7 Transmission lines

The alternating electric fields, alternating magnetic fields and the corona under

special conditions produced around the HV transmission lines have certain adverse ef-

fect to the human bodies, animals and plants and telecommunication systems in their

vicinity. These will be analyzed respectively as follows:

1. Alternating electric field

108

An electric field will be produced around a conductor voltage. The max. electric

field strength near the ground within the corridor of 500kV transmission lines is less

than 9kV/m, as compared with 0. 24kV/m to 10kV/m in the case of electric heating

blanket for home use. Furhermore, the field strength of the transmission lines de-

creases rapidly with the increase in distance, therefore the affected scope is quited lim-

ited.

The short-circuit current induced by the 500kV transmission line to a person at

ground potential is about 0. 144mA. The average sensing current is about lmA for a l

man of 80kg, and about 0. 67mA for a woman of 55kg, and the permissible value of re-

lease current for human body is 5-3OmA. Therefore, the induced current from the

transmission line to the human body is far less than the sensing current, and it will not

produce any adverse effect to the human health. 7Electric fields can induce current on human body and articles. If there is any ob-

ject of large volume (such as grating or other large metal object) near the HV trans- - -

mission line, and it is insulated from ground, a person at ground potential touching

this object will get a painful shocking. Therefore it has been specified in some coun-

tries (such the United States) that all the iron gratings, metal structures and other

metal objects within a specified distance from the 500kV transmission line must be

grounded. The relevant 'specified distance" varies with the sizes of the objects, and is

normally within 50 meters.

The results of studies on the effect of alternating electric field on the growth of

plants have indicated that under a field strength of 15-20kV/in, minor damage will be -

done to the pointed portion (such as the leave tip) of some plants. This is because the ,

electric field will be enhanced to a great extent around the conducting point object, and ,

corona may take place, resulting in heating in and drying-up of leave tip. On the con- ,

trary, the rounded portion of a plant would not be damaged even under a field of

50kV/m strength. Moreover, the speed of growth and yield of all plants, including

those with leave tips being damaged by corona, would not be affected.

The maximum electric field strength produced by the 500kV transmission line is

only 9kV/m, therefore it will not affect the growth and yield of the crops and other

plants. Although there will be some damage to the tree branches near the transmission

line due to corona, there is almost no effect at all to the growth of the whole tree.

2. AC magnetic field

Magnetic fields will be produced around the transmission line, but this is weak as

109

compared with that produced locally by the household electric appliances. The maxi-

mum field strength under the 500kV transmission line is about 0. 5 Gauss, while the

field strength near a colour TV set or an electric cooking device is about 5-10 Gause.

The AC magnetic field can also induce current and electric field within a biological

body or other objects, but it is weaker in both current and voltage as compared with

that induced by the electric field of the same transmission line. In the case of 500kV

transmission line, the effect to a biological body by a magnetic field is only one seventh

that by an electric field. Therefore its impact to the environment is even less. 17A magnetic field can also induce voltage in the object insulated from ground near

the transmission line. The same grounding method as in the case of electric field can be

adopted to effectivelly reduce the electric shocking induced by a magnetic field. In all

words, the impact by the magnetic field of the transmission line to the environment is

even less as compared with that from the electric field.

3. Corona effect

Corona may occur on the surface of the conductors of the transmission line in op-

eration because of the ionization of air at the isolated irregularly shaped objects near-

by. Raindrops, fog, snow flakes and other condensates will increase the opportunities

of corona occurrances under severe climate conditions, and noise (including that au-

dibale and high frequency noise) will thus be produced.

For the 500kV transmission line, when sipgle core conductors of 6. 4cm diameter

are used for each of the phases, the audibale noise in rainy days under this line corridor

will be about 62dB(A) by average, and the line average noise will be 53-59dB(A) at

the edges of the corridor and about 45dB(A) at 30m from the line. The routing of the

transmission line for this project will take into account these factors to keep away the

concentrated residential area and noise sensitive area. On the other hand, the use of

splitted conductors can also reduce the line noise.

Corona can also produce high frequency noise, and under certain conditions it can

affect the receiving effect of radio and television. Normally the corona will only inter-

fere with television signals within 183m from the transmission line in areas where the

signal is weak under severe climate conditions. This interfernce is not apparent in ar-

eas with strong signals, even if it is at the edge of the line corridor.

4. Recommendations on minimizing the impact of transmission line to the environ-

ment:

(1) Gratings in crossing with the transmission line near it should be groundcd at

110

every 60m and at both ends; gratings with a length greater than or equal to 46m at less

than or equal to 3 8m from the side conductor, or with a length of greater than 800 m

within 76m from the side conductor should also be grounded at every 60m and at both

ends .

(2) Buildings with metal roofs or metal exterior walls or both should be grounded

under the following conditions:

a. within 30m from the side conductor,

b. the metal surface area is 186m2 or over, within 46m from the side phase con- 17ductor, and

c. any building in which inflammable and explosive materials are stored and which

is within 75m from the side phase conductor.

(3) The routing of transmission line corridor should be selected to keep away as

much as possible residential areas and highways.

(4) Splitted conductors should be used to replace the single core conductors to re-

duce the audible noise and high frequency noise.

5. Conclusions

It can be seen from the above analysis that the impact of the alternating electric

fields and magnetic fields as well as the corona effect produced by the 500kV transmis-

sion lines of this project is quite limited to human bodies, other biological bodies and

the board casting and television signals, and with suitable protection measures, it is

negligible to the environment and is completely within the acceptable range of the peo-

ple.

For the influence of HV transmission line on weak current tele communication

systems (including telegraph, telephone lines and railway signals, etc. ) under normal

operation and accidental conditions, no national atandard has been established in China

up to now. There is only some stipulations in the 'Principle Agreement on preventing

and solving the hazard and interference of power lines on telecommunications and sig-

nal lines' jointly issued by the Ministries of Post and Telecommunications, Water Con-

servancy and Electric Power, Railway and theJTelecommunication Army Department.

In determining the routing of the transmission line corridor for this project, different

measures will be taken for particular cases to satisfy this "Principle Agreement".

5. 8 Risk assessment

For the risk assessment of this project, mainly the physical risks (the risks in case

of precipitator failure, excessive high sulphur content in the burning coal, self -igni-

111

tion in the coal yard and fuel oil overflow accident, etc. ) and risks induced by natural

disasters (earthquake. river bank collapse, flood, etc. ) are considered. L

1. Physical risk assessment

(1) Risk in case of precipitator failure

Electrostatic precipitators will be used in this project. and their dedust efficiency

under normal conditions '2c>99. 0%.

In four -field precipitators, only one field might fail, and the probability that I

more than one field fails is extremely small. In case one field fails, the dust removal

efficiency can still reach 95%, so the ground concentration will not sharply increase to

result in a severe environmental accident.

(2) Risk with excessive sulphur content in the burning coal.

For the assessment of the change in ground S02 concentration with excessive high

sulphur content in the burning coal, a limit value is taken that the max. S02 ground

daily average concentration (under general meteorological conditions) must not exceed

the Class I atmospheric environmental quality as specified by the state.

The calculation showed that under neutral stability, with an average wind speed

of 2. 4m/s and a sulphur content in coal 1. l%, the max. SO2 ground daily average

concentration value would be 0. 0516mg/Nmr, exceeding the Class I criteria. There-

fore, if the sulphur content in the coal received by the power plant is excessively high,

it should be mixed with low sulphur coal to ensure that the sulphur content is below 1.

1%.

(3) Risks of coal spontaneous combustion in coal yard and fuel oil overflow acci-

dent and their prevention.

a. Risk of coal spontaneous combustion and its prevention

Long time stacking of coal with high sulphur content, especially stacking the wet

coal or coal with high sulphur content with other wet coal may result in spontaneous

combustion of the coal stack, affecting the normal operation of the power plant and

bring great economic losses to the power plant.

The main cause of coal spontaneous combustion is that the sulphur in the coal is

apt to react with water and oxygen to produce heat, and this reaction is accelarated

with the rise of temperature. The oxidation of coal starts in the temperature range of

16-30-C, and the reaction rate doubles for every 8C temperature rise to further in-

crease the temperature. When the temperature reaches 232 C, spontaneous combus-

tion takes place. This process can be completed within three days.

112

In this particular project, the sulphur content of the coal is low and the storage

time won't be long, so there will be little chance for coal spontaneous combustion. But

to get prepared for the worst, the operators shall take the following measures to pre-

vent the coal from spontaneous combustion:

. to reduce the time of coal oxidation,

. not to stack the wet coal with coal of high sulphur content, and -

. to perform temperature monitoring in the coal yard and to over turn the coal

stack when high temperature is detected.

b. Risk of fuel oil overflow accident and its prevention

Fuel oil overflow accident may take place in the course of oil filling for vesscls in

the jetty. In case of such an accident, the quantity of oil overflow will be about 1-5

barrels (200-1000kg). This overflow oil will pollute the water in the jetty area and -

may cause fire to damage the oil tanker and the jetty, resulting in great economic loss-

es.

In order to prevent overflow of oil and the possible fire caused by it, the following

practices may be adopted:

avoid filling fuel for the vessels in the jetty,

. provide a oil barrier fence for the filling vessel if conditions permit, and

. prohibite all kindling materials in the oil unloading area.

5. 8. 2 Natural disaster risks

(1) Risk of flood and river bank collapse

For the river section by site, the water logging level of once in 100 years is 4.

27m. and the max. tide level of once in 100 years is 6. 71m; the average level of the

natural ground of the site is 3. 83m (all based on YSD system). The design water-

logging level of the site has taken into account a 24-hour rainfall of 382. 8mm, and

anti-flood dykes will be built along the river bank. The top elevation of the dykes is

based on the flood level in 1951 (6. 49m) plus 2 meters. Therefore the site can with-

stand a high tide level of once in 100 years.

The river bank collapse in this section started in 1930s. and at about 1960, the

apex of the course reached nearby Luwei. Starting from 1970, embankment works

were constructed and followed by consolidation and maintenance. These efforts have

gradually stabilized the bank of this river section (for details see Table 5-8-1)

113

Table 5-8-1 River Bank Collapse of Site River Section

Year 1951-196 1960-197 1972-197 1976-198 1983-198 1951-1986

Collapsed3.19 2.14 0. 70 0.25 0.061 6.341

area (km')

Average collapse per0. 354 0. 178 0.175 0. 036 0. 020 0. 181

year Ckm'/Y)

It can be seen from the above table that during 1951-1960 the river bank changed

greatly. During this period, the apex of the curved course was at the upstream of

Luwei. The big flood in 1954 accelerated the collapse of the concave bank. During

1972-1976 bank protection works were constructed on the left bank upstream Luwei,

and this restricted the northward movement of the dynamic axis of the water flow.

There was no significant change in the bank line during the big floods in 1973 and

1983. The artificial bank protection works have basically stabilized the river bank.

(2) Site stability

The site is seated on the relatively stable geological block enclosed and limited by

Changjiang Fracture, Wuxi-Suqian Fracture and Chuhe River Fracture. The quater-

nary formation deposit is stable and the plane of denudation on the base rock top flat.

No trace of the base rock top and the quaternary system formation being cut and stag-

gered by any fracture has been observed. In the boring of within 500m below the qua-

ternary system. no evidence has been found that any active fracture tectonic structure

able to initiate an earthquake of 5 magnitude on Richter scale exists. Therefore, it can

be concluded that there will be no surface fracture activity which will adversely affect

the stability of the site during the service life of the power plant in the site area.

(3) Seismic risk of the site

The power plant will be located on the alluvial plain on the north bank of Chan-

hjiang River, where there is a flat topography, of flood land or high flood land inside

and outside the river dyke. The tectonic structure around the site area belongs to the

secondary texture of Yangtse quasi platform -- within the Yangzhou - Nantong

Swell of the lower Yangtse depression, and the quaternary deposit coverage in the site

area is over 60m. below it being the Tertiary system basalt or Cretaceous system rock

stratum.

a. Seismic conditions around the site area

114

According to "China Seismic Intensity Zoning" , the site is located in Yangzhou-

Tongling seismic belt of the Changjiang middle and lower reaches seismic subzone of

South China seismic zone, as shown in Fig. 5-8-1. Since 449 A. C, there has been

34 earthquakes of Ms>4. 75 in this belt. The seismic activities in the Yangzhou-

Tongling seismic belt is not strong in intensity and low in frequency.

In the history of site, the recorded strong earthquakes that affected the site in-

clude: Liyang earthquake of RS 6. 0 in 1979, Yangzhou earthquake of RS 6.0 in 1624, 1.

and South Yellow Sea earthquake of RS 7. 0 in 1910. The intensity of these earth-

quakes on the site area is all below 7 degree, and this intensity will not bring any ad-

verse effect to the power plant.

115

\~~~/ /

\ /Ya1t ZWOU '\ / / aizhou

Changzhou Maanshan City changzh. u

\ Liyang

Fig. 5-8-1 Seismic Tectonic Structure Around the Site

1.; 1 .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i\ .t ' 1,!m .u

| \ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Lianyungang '

| ) l _~~~~~~~ Xuzhou

\ .~~ 1 Anh ( _ si i

/,//4 j /////,- *, , <g< rl ~~~~~Natong |

,_ _, -- ow= , sg G ~~~~~~~~7hnja G F

, S , 1 & , n ( ' G ~~~~~~~~~~~Shan"8hai

G ' - rm, ~~~~Tong i ng ,

_/// <;/jy§} 1 1 1 > < . _ - ~~~~~~~~~~Legend

tt<) >, J >C*C0>' RS 7. 0-7.3 RS 6. 0-6. 9 RS 5- 0-5- 9 RS4. 7-4. 9 Bo'un.dary

r , ~~~~~~~~~11 South China Seismic Zone 1l hnIIa idlan11 Yangzhou-\ t ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Lower Reaches Subzone Tongling Seisnnic

Il _. 12 North China SeiSmicizone Seismic SubzoneC Belt

~~~~~~- - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~117

Chapter 6 Alternative Schemes

6. 1 Comparison of two proposed sites:

During the feasibility study stage, two sites were proposed: Biangang site and

Shiyuangou site. The geographic location of Biangang site was given in Chapter 2.

Shiyuangou site is located on Changjiang River bank, about 2 Km southeast to Yizheng - __

City, 3 Km eastward from Shierwei Town and 2 Km northeast to a fish seed breeding

farm.

Table 6-1 gives a comparison between the two sites.

Table 6-1 Comparison between Biangang Site and Shiyuangou Site

Item U nit iangang Shlyuangou Notes

Area occupation Ha. 85.7 87.3 Including construction area

Including construction area andOld house demolishing m2 9127 21720

Stage I

Backfilling Im' 23.19 157600

Excavating (dredging) in frontExcavation Imi 0 367900 _

of coal jetty

Length of coal jetty leading bridge in 100 240

Length of water take-in pipeline i 410 875 Single pipeline length

Length of water feeding pipeline m 1030 1090 Single pipeling length

Length of circulating water drain trench m 1480 1980 Single trench lengtb

Length of road to the highway i 7630 3960 Including road in construcion____________________ ____ ___ _____area

In general, these two site do not differ very much; both are suitable for construc-

tion of a 2400 MW power plant. But, from the view-point of environmental protec-

tion, Yizheng City lies 2-6 Km to the leeward of the prevailing wind of Shiyuangou

site; Under poor atmospheric diffusion conditions, Yizheng City would suffer from

certain atmospheric pollution.

By comparison, we believe that Biangang site is a little better than Shiyuangou

site in terms of environmental protection, water take-in, coal jetty construction, dis-

tance of coal transportation, distance of power transmission and, finally, the project

cost.

119

6. 2 Comparison of single stack and double tube-stack

About stack arrangement, two schemes are proposed, one is that each boiler uses

its own stack; the other, two furnaces share a common double tube-stack. Table 6-

2 below offers a comparison of the two schemes by giving out their maximum ground

S0 2 concentration as well as their ratio. The table indicates that in Scheme 2, the max-

imum ground pollutant concentration can be lowered by about 16. 0%.

In comparison of cost, two single stacks will cost a total of Y10,822-14,392

thousand yuan, while a double tube-stack will cost 7,988-9,488 thousand yuan, the Fsecond scheme being 12. 2%-23. 3% lower in-cost than the first. Therefore, from e-

conomic point of view, Scheme 2 is also superior to Scheme 1.

On the basis of comparison made above, we believe that in both environmental

and economic considerations, Scheme 2 (double tube-stack) is better than Scheme 1

(single stacks).

Talbe 6-2 Comparison between Scheme 2 (double-tube-stack).

and Scheme I (single stacks) unit: mg/Nm 3

Rising height Max. ground SO0

Wind speed Ambient Stack (m) concentration (mg/ms) C.WmS) Stability temp. beight -m/'

(s( C ) (im) Single Double Single Double (mg/rn)tube- tube-

stack stack stack stack

B 14.9 240 350 441 0. 071 0. 065 8. 5%3.5 - -

D 14.9 240 255 321 0. 011 0. 009 18. 2%

C = 1 Cdouble tubeCling1.

Cdoublctub= the maximum ground S02 concentration;

C,f,.= the maximum ground SO2 concentration.

120

Chapter 7 Environmental Management and

Monitoring Programme

Construction of the power plant will impose a big influence on the nearby areas in

their econcomy and environment. During both construction and operation periods, en-

vironmental management must be strengthened and monitoring program executed. The 7feedback information from environmental monitoring can be used to compare the esti-

mated impact before the project completion and the actual impact after its completion,

so as to improve and perfect the enviromental protection and control provisions, to

guarantee the effectiveness of all pollution-protective measures and to combine eco-

nomic efficiency and environmental protection in a better way.

7. 1 Follow-up investigation on social and economic efficiency from the construction

of the power plant:

In a number of years from the start of the project till several years after the com-

mencement of its production, follow-up investigations will be made on item-by-

item basis so as to provide data on the contribution of the power plant to the life of lo-

cal people and to the general social-economic development of the region. Follow-up

investigation will also be made to the living quality of the resettled immigramts to

know their living conditions and to help them solve problems encountered in the new

residential area. On this basis, the social and economic gains made from the power

plant will be more precisely evaluated.

7. 2 Environmental management and monitoring during project construction:

In the project contract, special clauses on environmental protection should be in-

cluded, and their execution be supervised, so as to ensure that the daily life of local

people will not be severely disturbed.

Monitoring items during project construction include:

1) Flying dust, puddle, mud and construction refuses on the construction site,

which should be cleaned away as quickly as possible.

2) Constituents in effluent discharged at the outlet. Checks will be made once or

twice every year for pH value, suspended solids, CODmn, BODs, etc..

3) Noise from construction equipment and site activities.

4) Monitoring of recovery of construction site environment

121

I. L

Before the completion and putting into operation of the power plant, an overall in-

spection will be mode to the recovery of construction site environment. The contrac-

tors should promptly withdraw from the site, demolish the temporary facilities, and

restore the damaged landscape and ground buildings and the surface vegetation, so that

the power plant will be put into operation with a tidy, clean and nice new look.

During the constrcution, monitoring will be performed either by people assigned

by the contractor or by people from special organizations. The total cost for environ-

mental monitoring during the construction period will be 100,000 Yuan. -L

7. 3 Environmental monitoring during plant operation

The content of environmental monitoring during plant operation will include: the

"Acceptance Report on Completion of Environmental Protection Facilities" submitted

by the owner entity to the environmental protection authority during the commission-

ing of the power plant, the impact on the surrounding environment after the power

plant is put into operation as well as the routine monitoring of various pollutant

sources in the plant by the plant environmental monitoring station.

7. 3. 1 Acceptance on the completion of environmental protection facilities

According to the "Regulation Procedures of Construction Projects Concerning En-

vironmental Protection", the pollution control facilities should be designed, construct-

ed and put into operation all at the same time with the main body of the works. Before

the project is officially put into operation, the owner entity should submit the "Accep-

tance Report on Completion of Environmental Protection Facilities" to the environmen-

tal protection authority responsible for the review and approval of the project, stating

the operation conditions of these facilities, the effect of control and the level of control

achieved.

The monitoring items for completion acceptance shall mainly include: dedusting

efficiency of electrostatic precipitators and the actual discharge amount and concentra-

tion of TSP, S0 2 and fluorides; the quality of discharged water at the outlets of waste

and sewage water treatment workshops; the acoustic level of each main strong noise

source, the effect of various isolation enclosures and silencers and the environmental

noise of enclosed rooms, central control room and the administration building; the ash

sluicing water quality and permeability of ash yard ground; the operation effect of dust

suppression and reduction facilities on coal jetty.

This acceptance report can be prepared by the local environmental protection de-

partment with the entrustment by the owner entity. The expenditure for the monitor-

122

ing and assessment will be 200,000 Yuan.

7. 3. 2 Environmental Impact monitoring

In order to have a thorough understanding of the operating power plant impact on

the environment, a special environmental monitoring should be conducted within 1 or 2

years after the power plant putting into operation.

1) Scope of monitoring and monitoring point location principle

Atmosphere: A scope of 10km in radius with the power plant as the center. Moni-

toring points will be set up according to functional zones. For Yangzhou and Zhenjiang - 1urban areas, data from existing points in the functional zones can be collected, and 2-

3 points can be set up to the leeward of the prevailing wind direction of the plant. One

point will be set up at Zhenjiang silkworm seed farm. Monitoring will be conducted

once in winter and once in summer.

Surface water: The river section of Zhenjiang-Yangzhou, from the water intake

of the water plant at 5km upstream the power plant to the estuary of Grand Canal, - -

about 10km. The intake of the water plant, the estuaries of Grand Canal and ancient

canal will each be provided with a monitoring section. Monitoring will be conducted

once in flood season and once in dry season.

Underground water: Monitoring wells will be provided at proper locations near

Shatouhe ash yard. Existing wells can be first used. If no such well is available, spe-

cial monitoring boring can be made. Sampling should be at the same time as for the

surface water.

Noise: Along the site boundary monitoring points will be established at every 200

meters. At each point monitoring will be done once in daytime and once at night.

2) Monitoring factors

Atmosphere: S02,TSP, NO(and fluorides for silkworm seed farm).

Surface water: pH, suspended solids, volatile phenol, Zn, As, Pb, Cd,

petroleum, water temperature.

Underground water: pH, As, Pb, Cd, Hg, fluorine ions.

Noise: Equivalent acoustic level A

3) Monitoring cost

The monitoring of environmental impact for the power plant can be performed by

a design institute or the local specialized environmental protection department as en-

trusted by the owner entity. The total cost for the monitoring will be 300,000 Yuan.

7. 3. 3 Environmental monitoring station

123

. - i - . -

In accordance with the Regulations on Environmental Monitoring for Coal-fired

Power Plants, an environmental monitoring station will be set up.~ 1

(1) Monitoring items and principle

a. Flue gas monitoring

Flue gas from furnace: Flue gas automatic monitoring system will be provided in

the duct or stack of the furnace to perform automatic monitoring of the dust, SO2,

NOx and fluoride concentration in the flue gas, and at the same time the temperature,

pressure, moisture content and flow of the flue gas will also be measured. This system 17consists of the primary instruments, microcomputer, display screen, recorder, alarm

and other necessary auxiliary equipment. The measured data can be displayed either lo-

cally or on the environmental monitoring panel in the main control room. This system

should be imported from abroad.

. At the inlets and outlets of precipitators: Monitoring of dedusting efficiency, to --

be performed at each overhaul and change of coal type.

b. Atmospheric quality monitoring

. Atmospheric quality of the site area. Monitoring of total suspended particles.

Measuring points will be located each in the Coal jetty, about 100-2 0 0m to the lee-

ward of coal yard, in the front area and the staff dormitory, and monitoring will be

made once half a year.

. Atmospheric quality off-site: The power plant will be provided with an auto-

matic monitoring wagon for atmospheric quality, to monitor the pollutants such as

TSP, SO2 and NOx at continuous points within the distance of the axis to the leeward

of the prevailing wind direction of the power plant once half a year. In addition, the

yearly routine monitoring data at each of the functional spots in the urban areas of

Yangzhou and Zhenjiang should also be collected.

. Atmospheric quality over the ash yard: 4-6 measuring points will be located

around the ash yard for TSP measurement once half a year.

c. Effluents monitoring

. At the discharge port of chemical waste water treatment pond: flowmeter, pH

meter, COD meter will be provided to keep the quality of the discharged waste water

under monitoring.

. At the discharge port of living sewage water: BODs, suspended matter, oil,

etc. will be measured once a day.

At the discharge port of coal settlement pond: pH and suspended matter will be

124

measured at the time of discharging.

. Ash yard underground water. the pH, heavy metal and flourine ions will be

measured once a month.

d. Noise monitoring

. Equipment noise: For the turbo-generator set, coal mill, fans, various pumps

and the venting of the safety valve of boiler, noise monitoring will be made once half a

year.

. Workshop noise: The acoustic level of location with frequent personnel activi- -

ties, in the insulated duty rooms, main control room and the administration building

will be monitored once half a year.

. Environmental noise: Measuring points will be located along the plant fence at

an interval of 200m each to measure the equivalent acoustic level values, once half a

year.

(2) Staffing and equipment of the monitoring station

The monitoring station will be staffed with 5-6 specialized full time personnel,

who will have expertise on analytical chemistry and thermr- dynamics. In addition to

monitoring tasks, their duties will include supervision of the implementation of rules

and regulations concerning environmental protection and of the maintenance and opera-

tion of the environmental facilities so that they will perform effective functions.

The expenditure for the instruments and equipment (including the automatic gas

monitoring system to be imported) for the environmental monitoring station will tenta-

tively be 2 million Yuan, which can be increased and decreased according to the actual

requirements.

The building area of the monitoring station will be 200 -300m 2 .

The instruments and equipment to be provided for the monitoring station are list-

ed in Table 7-1.

(3) Personnel training

The flue gas automatic monitoring system will consist of imported precise instru-

ments. A special training of 2-3 personnel for 2-3 months shall be arranged abroad

or at the manufacturer s agency within PRC.

The personnel of the environmental monitoring station of the power plant will go

through a specialized training of 4-S months in the Yangzhou Municipal Environmen-

tal Monitoring Center, and they should pass the specialized technical examination and

obtain the corresponding operation certificates.

125

Table 7-1 Environmental Monitoring Instruments and

Equipment for the Coal-fired Power Plant

Description Application Q Sty

Analyze the composition of gases and liq-1. Spectrophotometer 2

uids (UV and conventional)

2. Atomic absorption

spectrophotometer Analyze the composition of heavy metals 1

(with graphite oven)

3. Thermostatic incubator Analyze BOD 1 .

4. Atmosphere sampler Sample SO2 and NOx gases 6

5. Precision acousticMeasure noise 2 --

meter

6. Balance (0. lmg) weighing 2

7. TSP sampler Sample TSP 3

8. Electric wind vane Record wind speed and directions for 2

anemometer 24 hours

9. Flow meter Measure flowrate 2

10. Refrigerator Store drugs and samples 1

11. Personal computer Process data and statistic statements 1

12. Environmental Long distance monitoring around site1

monitoring car (including ash yard sampling)

13. Gas monitoring Determine dust in flue gas 1

system so2 1

NOx 1

Flourides 1

126

Table 7-2 Summary of Atmospheric Pollutant Monitoring

Monitoring Monitoring Principle of MonitoringInstrument

point items point location period

Stack TSP. S02, NOx. Flue gas At 1/3 of the Continuous

CO, CO, F ions, monitoring stack heightand automatic

gas temperature system

Precipi- Dust concen- Dust Inlets and outlets After over-

tator tration sampler of precipitators haul and at rchange of

coal type

TSF Sam-In-site TSP Each in coal jetty Once half a

pier lceward to coalyear

yard, front area

and dormitory

SamplingOff-site TSP, S02. NOx. Sagon, Up to 10km to the Once halfa

wagon, nehl fluorides alkal leeward of pre- year

valling windmethod for

direction, 1 pointfluorides

per km, and the

routine monitoring

data from Yangzbou

and Zhenjiang

TSP sam- 4-6 points around Once half aAsh yard TSP

pler the asb yard year

127

Table 7-3 Summary of Water Pollutant Monitoring

Monitoring Monitoring Principle of MonitoringInstrument

point Items point location period

pH meter,Chemical pH, suspended pH -metet Discharge port of Continuous

solid, COD ter, chemical waste and automatic

COD analyzer water treatment at discharging

workshop

Living BOD,, suspended BODs analyzer, Discharge port of

sewage solid, oils turbidimeter sewage treatment Once a month

water workshop

pH meter,Ash water pH, heavy metal, Ash yard and ash Once a month

and ash fluorine ions ton yard monitoringtion

yard under wells for under-spectrometer

ground ground water

water

Water pH, suspended pH meter, Discharge port of At the time

discharge solid turbidimeter coal settlement of discharging

from coal pond

pond

Thermal Water tempera- Thermometer, Discharge port of Continuous

water ture, residual automatic circulating water and automatic

discharge C1 residual Cl

meter

128

Chapter 8 Analysis of Social, Economic and -3

Environmental benefits

8. 1 Social benefits

Jiangsu Province is one of the economically developed regions among the three

provinces and one municipality in East China, and at the same time a region deficient in L

energy and power, especially in North Jiangsu the electric power supply falls short to a

more severe extent. At present, the power shortage is made up mainly by parchasing

power from other regions in the East China power network. Therefore, the construc-

tion of Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant is of high necessity in lessening the severe power

shortage in the grid of North Jiangsu, in lightening the burden of supplying electric

power from South Jiangsu to North Jiangsu, and in reducing the power backflow a-

gainst coal.

Upon operation, this project will become a main power source in the area along

the Changjiang River of North Jiangsu. It will not only satisfy the power demand in ar-

eas near Yangzhou, but also supply power to Nantong and the broad areas in the hin-

terland of North Jiangsu. Its unit capacity is large and it is located in the middle sec-

tion of the 5OOkV main transmission line from South Jiangsu to North Jiangsu in the

power grid. Therefore, its operation will certainly provide powerful support to the

500kV network in Jiangsu and contribute to the safe and stable operation of Jiangsu

Power Grid.

The power plant will lessen the power shortage in the area, and will spur indus-

try, agriculture and tertiary industry to develop, thus contributing to further economic

and social development of Yangzhou City. Meanwhile, the power plant will create

many opportunities of employment for the local people, thus improving their living

standards.

8. 2 Economic benefits

The total investment fQr Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant Phase I Project will be 5280

million Yuan, at an integrated unit investment of 4400 Yuan/kW. The capital required

for the construction of the project will be financed by the World Bank, the State Ener-

gy Investment Corporation and the government of Jiangsu Province. The World Bank

will provide loans totalling about 400 million USD, mainly for purchasing the equip-

129

ment and materials required by the project.

Each of the economic benefits parameters of Stage I project will be able to satisfy _A

the target values set forth by the Ministry of Energy.

The Stage I project will not only result in good economic gains directly for the

power plant itself, and can also bring great economic effieiencies to the power consum-

ing enterprises. Upon operation, the project will generate 7. 2TWH of electricity per

year, which will bring an output value of 55-60 billion Yuan as economic benefits per

year.

The 2 X 600MW units in Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant will feature such advantages

of superhigh pressure, large capacity and low coal consumption. Comparing with pow-

er plants with the same total capacity yet smaller unit capacity, it can save energy and

reduce pollution.

8. 3 Environmental Loss and gain

8. 3. 1 Investment on environmental protection facilities

Table 8-1 Cost Estimates on Environmental protection Facilities

Unit: 1000 Yuan

No. Description Investment

Dust removal and flue gas discharge system (including precipitors 96490

and stack)

2 Ash and slag handling system (including ash yard) 309790

3 Waste water treatment system 13560

4 Flue gas monitoring system 1000

5 Environmental monitoring station 1000

6 Environmental monitoring programme 600

7 Environmental assessment cost 250

Total 423.19 million Yuan, accounting for 8% of total investment.

8. 3. 2 Analysis on environmental gain and loss

For the construction of a power plant, a certain part of the investment will go to

the environmental protection facilities, and some funds will be required for the normal

operation of these facilities as environmental protection expenditure. The total invest-

ment on environmental protection facilities for this project will be 423. 19 million

130

iL -.

Yuan, accounting for 8% of the total investment for the project. Although this part of

investment is fairly large, it will bring back good gains in both environment itself and

in the society. The construction and operation of the environmental protection facilities

will reduce the discharge amount and concentration of pollutants from the power plant

to the atmosphere and/or the water body, reduce the adverse effect of the pollutants to

the surrounding environment and people and prevent the public from living in a severe

environment, so as to extend their life and increase the labour productivity. They can

also effectively ensure a good existing environment for the plants and animals. a

131

Chapter 9 Site Greenplan

The greenplan of the power plant area can beautify the environment, and clean the

air, and can also prevent dust, reduce noise and heat radiation. It can also help to

make a comfortable and civilized working and living enviromnent for the staff. There-

fore it is good and active to environmental protection and to safeguarding the physical

and psychological health of the staff.

The greenplan will include the front area, the operation zone and the dormitory

quarter of the plant.

Both the front area and the dormitory quarter are the activity centers of the plant

staff. There will be open grounds for many people as well as good conditions for green-

plan. The work here should be planned as a whole and taking into consideration of or-namental effect. The greenplan should be made in areas to achieve an integral layout.Some flower terraces and lawn should be arranged where ornamental trees, flowers

and grasses will be planted to raise the quality of greening.

The main parts for greening in the operation zone are the main buildings, the

plant roads and the administration building. The greening here should take into consid-eration the need to prevent and reduce dust, shade the sunlight and prevent fire, and

different species of trees, lawns and tree fences will be planted.

Around the jetty and the coal yard fast-growing dense forest belt will be planted

to prevent the flying dust from polluting the plant area.

Tree species should be selected, to be mainly arbors and bushes adaptable to the

local climate, with strong growing ability and able to resist against oil and prevent

fire.

According to the design rules, the greening factor of the plant area should be

15%o.

The cost for greenplan for Stage I project is estimated to be 500,000 Yuan.

132

Chapter 10 Population Relocation

For details see the report "Population Relocation Plan"'.

Chapter 11 Public Participation

11.1 Meeting sponsored by environmental organization

On July 13, 1992, the environmental assessment programme review meeting for

Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant was held in Beijing as sponsored by the Development Di-

vision of National Environmental Protection Administration (NEPA). At the meeting,

a group of 11 specialists of EA management, environmental hydrology, atmospheric

physics, environment engineering, etc. is organized. These specialist watched the

video presentation of the project site conditions, and were given descriptions about the

project and the EA programme. They made very good comments and suggestions on

the original programme, which are summarized as follows:

1. The contents of the assessment should include three parts of power generation,

jetty and the transmission line, and the impact to the natural, ecological and social en-

vironment should be considered for stages of construction and operation respectively.

The existing data and comparative investigation method should be used as much as pos-

sible to ensure the quality of EA, and the assessment should be based on 2X600MW.

2. Assessment factors will be selected according to the characteristics of the pow-

er plant, and the major protection area to be assessed and the environmental quality

criteria to be applied should be made clear according to the requirements on functional

zoning of atmosphere and water body within the assessed area.

3. The prediction and assessment on the impact to the water environment should

be expounded under a special topic.

4. For the present status of atmospheric environmental quality, it was suggested

that the EA entity make full use of the monitoring data of Yangzhou and Zhenjiang

which are within the EA area, with proper additional data from site monitoring, and

use the predictive value of daily average concentration and annual daily average concen-

tration for the atmospheric environmental assessment.

133

t. L - -

List of Specialists on the EA Programme Review

Meeting for Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant

No. Name Organization Title &speciality

1 Zhang Xifu Atmospheric Physics Institute Researcher,

(Leader) Academia Sinica Atmospheric physics

2 Zhang Dapeng Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Senior engineer,

(deputy leader) Protection Bureau EA management

Water Conservancy and electric Power3 Li Pingheng Senior engineer,

Research Institute of the Ministry ofEnvironmental

Energyhydrology

4 Li Zhongkai Nanjing University Professor,

Atmospheric

environment

5 Jin Qiuzhong Electric Power Planning &Design Gen- Senior engineer,

eral Institute of the Ministry of Energy Electric power

planning

6 Ruan Shaoming Northwest Electric Power Design Insti- Senior engineer,

tute of the MOE EA

7 Tang Dingding Engineer,Foreign Investment Division, NEPA

. EA management

8 Wang Zhihan Safety & Environment Dept. of MOE Engineer,Environment eng.

9 Lin Shaoping Zhejiang Provincial Electric Power De- Engineer,

sign Institute Environment eng.

Yangzhou Environmental Protection10 Wu Haichun BueuSenror engineer,

BureauEnvironment

management

11 Zhan Weiyuan Hehai University Senior engineer,

Water quality

assessment

134

11. 2 Public seminar

On Sept. 8, 1992, a seminar was called by Wang Yu, deputy secretary general of

Yangzhou Municipal Government on the project of Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant, with -

the participation by specialists, scholars and from the Standing Committee of People -s

Congress, the CPPCC and some colleges and mass representatives. The discussions

are summarized and recorded as follows:

All the participants to the seminar held that, Yangzhou is located in the lower

reaches of Changjiang River, an important zone for developing the economy along the

river during the 1990s. In recent years, the electric supply has fallen in great shortage

because of the rapid progress of the economy along the river area. The shortage of

electric supply has severely affected the industrial and agricultural production and hin-

dered the economic development in Yangzhou, and has also brought a lot of inconve-

nience to the life of the people. It is an imperative hope of the people here to improve

the power supply and to complete this power plant at an earlier date. As far as this _ _

project is concerned, the location and geological conditions of the present site are quite

desirable, and it has got the support by the state, so the government should lose no

time to unfold the work for this project. The participants expressed keen support and

unanimous agreement for the construction of this project, and also made the following

suggestions on the precautions during the implementation of the project.

1. The progress of the preparatory work, for the project should be speeded up by

grasping the favourable opportunity so that the project can be arranged in the 1994 fi-

nancial year for World Bank loans. Meanwhile, efforts should be exerted to make peo-

ple of the whole city know and care about this project and support the various work

connected with this project.

2. A good job should be done for the environmental protection. Now the EA Re-

port has been completed, and it has been prepared in an earnest manner, in which the

protection of environment has been highlighted. It is therefore hoped that the com-

ments and suggestions in the EA Report be implemented during the construction of the

project, so as to reduce the pollution of the project to the environment.

3. The resettlement of the emigrants should be well arranged to safeguard the

benefits of the masses. According to the present scheme, the emigrants will be reset-

tled near Bali Town, this will facilitate their employment and living. Efforts should be

made so that the emigrants will live and work in peace and contentment after resettle-

ment without any disturbance to their living.

135

4. The planning, construction and operation management of the Plant should be

done in a scientific manner. According to the experience of other power plants, the

plant management staffing and personnel training should be taken into consideration

and unfolded during the construction stage of thhe project. Modern methods of man-

agement should be adopted. The financing and equipment importation should also be

promptly arranged. The preparatory work period should be shortened as much as pos-

sible so that the project will be started and the people can benefit from the project at an

earlier date. VList of participants:

Name Organization Position (Title)

Wang Yu Yangzhou Municipal Government Deputy Secretary gen-

eral,

Senior engineer

Gao Hanqing Yangzhou Power Supply Bureau Deputy Drector, engi-

neer

Wei Xiangyang Ditto Deputy section head

Xu Hongxi Urban and Rural Construction Deputy director

Commission of Yangzhou NPC

Standing Committee

Zhu Liangcheng Economic Office of CPPCC of Yangzhou Director,

Senior engineer

Liu Runsheng Yangzhou Power Plant Superintendent,

Engineer

Jiang Yimo Ditto Retired superinten-

dent,

Senior engineer

Song Erman Ditto Deputy superinten-

dent,

Senior engineer

Liu Chongming Yangzhou Institute of Technology Professor

Zhu Kunxi Yangzhou Institute of Agriculture Professor

Xu Yun Yangzhou Municipal Government Office Secretary, Economist

Zhang Youlin Mass representative

11. 3 Public opinion poll

On the morning of Jan. 14, 1993, a public poll was organized by Baii Commune

136

of Hanjiang County in the conference room of the commune government. The poll was

presided over by Wang Yu, deputy secretary general of Yangzhou Municipal Govern-

ment and attended by 25 persons from the s-ite area, Baii Commune (farmers) and

staff of the commune government. They filled in the polling sheets and expressed their

opinions. There is no disagreement on the construction of the power plant and the fol-

lowing is a summary of the poll.

There were 12 farmers from the site area: Xiong Yunfei, Lian Ruifang, Ma Chun-

fang, Cao Jianzhou, Cao Shunyun, Chen Changli, Che Zhisheng, Xu Fengquan, Xue

Shunhong, Qi Tingfu, representing 12 households, and 5 local government staff and 8

officials from the county and the municipality. All 12 farmers were of junior secondary

education level, including 2 aged 18-35, 7 aged 35-50 and 3 aged over 50. All the

participants filled "Clean" and "good" in the column of present environmental status of

the site area consisting of four factors: atmosphere, surface water, underground water

and noise. In the column of "afTitude towards the project", they expressed "actively

support". In oral inquiry, none of them expressed any disagreement to the project. In

general, the local residents expressed their active support to the construction of this

project on the present site. As far as the environmental problems of the power plant

are concerned, they believe that the government will handle and solve them properly to

make benefit for the people.

137

Chapter 12 Conclusions and Recommedations

12. 1 Conclusions

12. 1. 1 Construction of the power plant

1. Yangzhou is located on the north side of the Development Zone along the

Changjiang River of Jiangsu Province, and it is predicted to be deficient in power sup- rply throughout the 1990s. In order to carry out the strategic decision of the provincial

government on "speeding up the development of North Jiangsu", to satisfy the power

demand associated with the economic development in Yangzhou and the whole North

Jiangsu, and to achieve a more rational distribution of energy supply spots in the

province, it is necessary to speed up the construction of Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant.

2. The first stage of Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant project will have a total capaci-

ty of 2 X 600MW, with a total investment of 5. 28 billion Yuan, including about 0. 4

billion USD World Bank loan. The project will consume about 3.25 million tons of coal

per year and its water consumption will be 40. 36mA/s. The first stage of the project

will occupy an area of 57. 2 hectares and the construction area of the plant will require

an area of 33 hectares. A total of 1921 residents will be moved and resettled, and 509

houses (totaling 24453. 1m2 in floor area) will be demolished.

3. Of the two alternative sites at Biangang and Siyuangou, the former is better in

terms of environmental protection, water in -taking, jetty engineering conditions,

coal transportation distance, power transmission distance and project investment re-

quired.

4. Pollutant control measures.

(1) Flue gas pollutants

The power plant will fire the coal of low sulphur content (0. 41%) to minimize the

discharge of S02.

The calculation has shown that the dust discharge criteria of both China and the

World Bank can be satisfied when the dust removal efficiency of the precipitators

reaches 99%, which can be achieved by using the high-efficiency four-field electro-

static precipitators under this project.

The flue gas will be discharged through a high double-flue stack of 240m with

two inner flues each for one boiler, and to make full use of the diffusion and self-

cleaning capacity of the atmosphere, so as to reduce the pollution to the ground sur-

138

\

face.

The emission of NOx from the power plant will be controlled by changing the

burning mode of the furnaces.

(2) Waste water

A chemical waste water treatment system will be provided to collect and treat all

kinds of chemical waste water, which will be discharged when it has satisfied the dis-

charge criteria.

The living sewage will be biologically treated through primary aeration, primary

and secondary sedimentation, and be finally discharged when the criteria have been

reached.

The oil--contaminated water will be treated in the oil -isolation pond and with

water-oil separator.

The water contaminated by coal will be collected in the coal sedimentation pond

and be discharged after the suspended solids have fallen below the specified criteria.

The ash sluicing water will be circulated in a closed loop for repeated use and will

not be discharged into the environment.

The citric acid from boiler cleaning will be treated by burning it in the furnace.

(3) Disposal of ash and slag

The ash and slag will be discharged into the ash yard at Shatouhe. The surface of

the ash yard will be kept wet and trees will be planted around it. The ash yard will be

covered with soil to turn into fields after it is full. Active efforts will be made to the

multi-purpose utilization of ash and slag to turn this waste into valuable materials.

(4) Noise control

Equipment with low noise level will be selected for use. Noise isolating covers or

closets will be provided where necessary. Silencers will be installed for boiler safety

valves, steam exhaust pipes and forced draft fans. During the construction period, pil-

ing and other work which will produce high level noise will be strictly forbidden in the

night.

12.1. 2 Status quo of environmental quality

According to the monitoring data for atmospheric environment quality in 1991,

the daily average concentration of TSP in Yangzhou urban area exceeded the Class II

criteria both in winter and summer, caused mainly by the dust raised by vehicles at the

monitoring spots in the traffic areas. The daily average value of SO2 satisfied the Class

II criteria at all points in the city. The value of NOx satisfied the Class I criteria during

139

the whole year except in winter, when the Class II criteria were satisfied.

In Zhenjiang urban area, the average concentration of S0 2 at every spot was in the

range of between 0. 072-0. 092mg/Nm'. The gaurantee rate of daily average concen-

tration value within the Class II criteria was 92%. For TSP, the gaurantee rate of dai-

ly average concentration within the Class II criteria was 85%.

The atmospheric environmental quality of the site area is good, basically not af-

fected by industrial pollution. The concentration values of all the monitoring items are

below the Class II criteria, and the mean values of the daily average concentration of

S02 and NOx have reached the Class I criteria.

There is no major source of pollution from industrial or mineral enterprises. The

monitoring data show that all parameters of water quality in this river section have sat-

isfied the Class II criteria of ground surface water.

There is no fixed noise source in the site area, nor concentrated residential quar-

ters or noise sensitive area. The equivalent noise level of the whole area during day-

time is 51dB(A).

12. 1. 3 Forecast on environmental Impact

l. Results of atmospheric environmental impact forecast

(1) According to the Chinese National Standard GB13223-91 "Discharge Stan-

dard of atmospheric pollutants from coal-fired power plants", for a plant capacity of 2

X60OMW or 4X600MW, the actual S02 discharge will be 2. 56t/h or 5.12 t/h respec-

tively, about 16. 7% or 33. 5% of the permissible figure which is 15. 3t/h; the actual

discharge concentration of TSP will be 146mg/Nm 3 , 51. 5% of the permissible figure,

which is 283. 3mg/Nm 3 . Both will meet the criteria set forth in GB13223-91. In the

Guidelines on S02 Discharge Standard of the World Bank, it is specified that for medi-

um polluted area (with annual average value of 0. 05mg/mr), the max. SO2 discharge

amount is 500t/d (about 20. 8t/h). The actual discharge of S02 from the power plant

would be below its permissible value.

(2) Upon the completion and being put into operation of the first stage of the

power plant, under the meteorological conditions of the typical days, the max. value

of the SO2 daily average concentration will be 0. 036mg/rM3 , at 24. 0% of the limit of

Class E1 criteria, with the scope of influence up to about lOkm to the west of site. The

influence of SO2 on the sensitive spots (Shouxihu Lake, Yangzhou urban area Jinshan,

Zhenjiang urban area and Zhenjiang Silkworm Seed Farm) is quite negligible, with the

max. value at Jinshan, being 0. 001-0. 01 mg/mr, at 0. 7%-6. 7% of the limit of the

140

Class II criteria, with an occurrance frequency of 16. 67%. At Zhenjiang Silkworm

Seed Farm, it is 0. 005 mg/m 3 , at 10% of the limit of Class II criteria. When super-

posed with the background value, the daily average concentration value of SO2 at all

the sensitive spots will satisfy the Class II criteria, with the max. value in Zhenjiang

urban area, being 0. 0 8 3mg/m 3 , at 55. 3% of the limit of Class II criteria.

The maximum value of TSP daily average concentration will be 0. 011mg/m 3 , at

3. 7% of the limit of the Class II criteria. The contribution of TSP at the sensitive

spots will be very small, with the max. not exceeding 0. 001mg/m 3 , at 0. . 3% of the rlimit of the Class II criteria. However, when superposed with the background values,

the daily average concentration values of TSP will be 0. 290mg/M 3 in Zhenjiang urban

area, 96. 7% of Class II criteria, at Jinshan it will be 0. 272mg/zn3 , 90. 6% of Class II

criteria, and at Shouxihu Lake and Yangzhou urban area, it will respectively be 0.

199mg/mr and 0. 282mg/M 3 , at 66. 3% and 94% of the limit of the Class II criteria.

(3) The annual daily average concentration of S0 2 will be very low, with the

max. being 0. 003mg/m 3, far below the Chinese norm of 0. 06mg/mrfor Class Il crite-

ria of atmospheric environmental quality, and is 5% of the limit of the Class II criteria.

(4) The discharge of fluorides from the power plant will have very little impart on

the silkworm seed farms at Zhenjiang, Gaozi and Shima, and its contribution to the

concentration will only be 1. 37%, 1. 1% and 0. 80% of the existing concentrations at

these places, resulting in the increase in the fluorine content of mulberry leaves on

these three farms respectively by 0. 64ppm, 0. 63ppm and 0. 57ppm. The existing fluo-

ride concentration and fluorine content in mulberry leaves in these places are approach-

ing the limit of the Chinese standards, mainly caused by the fluorides discharged from

some medium or small sized brick and tile works and small sized cement plants nearby.

In recent years, urged by Zhenjiang Environmental Protection Bureau a number of

brick and tile works and cement plants have taken comprehensive control measures,

and the production was reduced or shut down in the brick works and cement plants

near the farms during spring silkworm breeding period. Some silkworm seed farms

have taken such measures as installation of water spray devices and washing the picked

leaves to reduce the fluorine content in the leaves, therefore the fluorine pollution has

been apparently mitigated. According to the prediction, the F concentration in the at-

mosphere of silkworm and mulberry areas and the F content in the mulberry leaves can

both satisfy the Chinese national standards after the power plant is put into operation.

2. Impact on the water environment

141

For various chemical waste water, oil-contaminated effluents, living sewage and

coal -contaminated water discharged from the power plant, practicable control and

treatment measures will be taken, so that they will be treated to meet Chinese criteria

prior to discharge, thus imposing no major impact on the water body environment.

As the Changjiang River boasts a very large flow, the thermal water discharged

into the river will be well mixed. Numerical model calculations have shown that there

will be an area of 50XlOOm with a temperature rise of 3WC at the discharge port, and

the area with a temperature rise of MC will never exceed 150X320m, therefore no sig- r.nificant impact will occur on the living things in water.

As the permeability factor of the stratification soil in the ash yard is very small,

there will be very little ash water leaching into the ground, which is not harmful to the

underground water in the depth.

3. The ash and slag will be kept under immersion in the ash yard. When properly

managed, there will be no pollution to the environment by the flying ash and dust.

The ash yard will be covered with soil to turn it into fields after it has been fully used.

Active efforts will be made to the multi-purpose utilization of the ash and slag to turn

this waste into valuable materials.

4. During the construction of the power plant, the main sources of noise affecting

the environment will be the operation of pile drivers and the steam exhausting from

boiler during the commissioning. According to the predetermination for both cases,

the criteria can be satisfied at 85m for the former and at 844m (or nearer when si-

lencers are provided) for the latter. There is no concentrated residential spot within

this area, therefore no significant impact on the environment.

During the operation of the power plant, various measures for noise suppression,

absorption and isolation will be provided for the powerful sources of noise, and the

noise from the main building will be reduced to 6OdB(A) at 240 m, near the fence of

the plant, and to 55dB(A) at 100m outside the plant fence. It will not impose major

impact on the environment.

5. The flying dust arising in the process of coal unloading on the jetty will only af-

fect the working area of the jetty, imposing little impact on the environment. During

coal unloading, about 400 tons of coal will fall into the river each year, 78% of which

will settle down within the area 180m from the jetty, and the remaining 22% of small-

er particle sizes will be carried farther away by the river water. As the river flow is

large, carrying an average of 457. 272 million tons of sand each year, this amount of

142

coal slack will not produce significant influence to the water quality in the river.

6. The alternating electric and magnetic fields produced by the HV transmission rlines will be hardly harmful to the people, animals or crops on the ground. The 500kV

transmission line will only interfere with weak radio signals within the space 183m

from it and will not interfere with strong radio signals.

12.1. 4 Environmental monitoring programme

The following environmental monitoring programme will be implemented during

the construction and operarion of the power plant. r1. Make follow-up investigations on the socioeconomic benefits of the construc-

tion of the power plant, including that on the status of living of the resettled residents.

2. Environmental monitoring items during project construction.

a. Noise from construction machinery and activities,

b. water quality at the effluent discharge port, and

c. flying dust, dead water, muddy soil and construction refuses in the construc-

tion area, which will be cleaned off when found,

d. monitoring of construction site environment recovery.

3. Environmental monitoring during operation of the plant

a. operation conditions of various environmental protection facilities, including

the inlets and outlets of the precipitators, and the discharge ports of various waste wa-

ter and sewage treatment facilities,

b. atmospheric quality monitoring within and around the site area,

c. water quality in the Changjiang River,

d. noise from the plant equipment and the environmental noise, and

e. provision of monitoring wells around the ash yard to monitor the ash water per-

meation and underground water quality.

12. 1. 5 Population relocation plan

The owner will properly relocate the residents to be affected by the project with

respect to their resettlement, land acquisition and their employment. Proper compen-

sation will be given. Their living standards will not be lowered after resettlement. On

the contrary, the employment and living conditions of most of them will be significant-

ly improved as compared with those before relocation (For details see the report "Pop-

ulation Relocation Plan").

12. 1. 6 Summary of comprehensive assessment

For this project, the site has been reasonably selected, the various measures for

143

environmental protection and control are feasible and practicable, and the technologies

to be adopted for environmental protection will reach the advanced level in China. The

various pollutants from the power plant will be treated to meet relevant criteria prior

to discharge and their impact on the environment will be within the permitted limits.

The project will produce substantial comprensine benefits and has been favoured by

people of all circles. The living quality of the people to be resettled will be improved.

Therefore, this project is feasible in the view of environmental protection.

12. 2 Recommendations

1. The pollutant discharge sources in Yantzhou and Zhenjiang urban areas should

be strictly controlled. With control and management of the newly built and improved

industrial kilns and furnaces, the existing industrial boilers, kilns and furnaces in

these two cities should be reformed, especially those in the brick and tile works and

the cement plant near the silkworm seed farm. The city planning should be strength-

ened, industrial layout rationized and industrial structure adjusted, so as to restrict

and adjust enterprises with high energy consumption, low economic benefits and heavy

pollution. The city greening, public hygiene and traffic management should be im-

proved, and the flying dust and automobile waste gas discharge be minimized. The

town gas production should be developed and multi-purpose utilization of fuel be car-

ried out so as to reduce the pollution from stoves for daily life use.

2. The high calcium oxide content in the burning coal will be good for the multi-

purpose utilization of the ash and slag. It is recommended that a more detailed feasibil-

ity study report be prepared by Yangzhou Fly Ash Development Company at an earlier

date, and the ash users and ash supply method be determined. The municipal govern-

ment should give active support with policies to encourage the enterprises using fly ash

as the raw material, so that it can result in good social, economic and environmental

benefits.

144

Appendix 1 Curriculum Vitaes of Authorso

Name Assessment Item Speciality and CV

Xu Aif en Risk assessment Senior engineer, section head, graduated

from Meteorology Dept. of Beijing Agricul-

tural University, 12 years experience In

power plant EA.

Lu Ying EA on coal jettyEnvironmental monitoring Epgineer, graduated from Atmospheric

programme, Economic gain Physics Dept. of Nanjing Meteorology Col-

and loss analysis lege, 9 years experience in power plant EA.

Wang Zhen-Project analysis Assistant engineer, graduated from Shang-

zhouAssessment of present envi- hal Urban Construction College, specialized

ronmental conditions In environment monitoring, 4 years experi-

EA on noise ence in power plant EA

Nie Feng EA on atmosphere Assistant engineer, graduated from Atmo-

EA on water body spheric Physics Dept. of Nanjing Universi-

Alternative schemes ty, 5 years experience in Power Plant EA.

Xia Blng EA on transmission line Assistant engineer, graduated from Envi-

ronmental Engineering Dept. of Tongji U-

niversity, now engaged In Power Plant EA.

Liu Xin E Engineer, graduated from Chemistry Dept.EA on atmosphere

(Southwest of Nanjing University, now engaged inEA on water environment

Institute) Power Plant EA.

145

L L

Appendix 2 References

1. The World Bank Operational Directive 4

2. Environmental Impact Report on Yangzhou New Power Plant Project, 1990

Version, by Southwest Electric Power Design Institute of the Ministry of Energy

3. Assessment Report on Present Environmental Quality for Yangzhou New Pow-

er Plant Project, 1989, by Yangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station 174. Numerical Simulation Report on Warm Water Discharge for Yangzhou New

Power Plant, by Ding Daoyang and Zheng Peixi, Nanjing Water Conservancy Scientific

Research Institute

5. Preliminary Feasibility Study Report on Multi-purpose Utilization of Fly Ash

from Yangzhou New Power Plant, 1989, Yangzhou Fly Ash Development Company

6. Inquiry into Depth of Environmental Assessment Contents for Thermal Power - -

Plants Over the World, compiled and translated by Xu Aifen, East China Electric

Power Design Institute

7. Feasibility Study Report on Jetty works for Yangzhou New Power Plant, 1988,

by Water Transportation Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Communica-

tions

8. Assessment of Electric and Ecologic Effect from Power Transmission Line, by

the Ecologic Study Working Group of Bonneville Power Adrninistration, USA.

146

Appendix 3 Assessment Criteria

1. Ambient air quality (GB3095-82)

Limit value in concentration mg/Nm 3

DescriptionSampling time Class I Class II Class Im

TSP Daily average 0.15 0. 30 0. 50

Annual daily average 0. 02 0.06 0.10

Daily average 0. 05 0. 15 0. 25

NOx Daily average 0. 05 0. 10 0. 15

2. Environmental quality standard for surface water (Class III) (GB3838-88)

Water temperature 'C Max. weekly average temperature rise in summer <1

pH 6.5-8.5

Dissolved oxygen 5 mg/I

CODmn 6 mg/I

BOD5 4 mg/I

As 0.05 mg/I

Hg 0. 0001 mg/I

Pb 0. 05 mg/I

Cd 0. 005 mg/I

Petroleum 0. 05 mg/I

3. General effluent discharge criteria (Class I) in GB8978-88

* Unit: mg/l

r Suspended Total Total Total TotalpH BODS CODcr Petroleum

solids Hg As Pb Cd

6-9 70 30 100 10 0. 05 0.5 1. 0 0.1_

4. Standard of environmental noise of urban area (for dense industrial zones) in

GB3096-82

Unit: Leq(dBA)

Applicable zone Night | Day

Dense industrial zone 65 55

147

Appendix 4 Document from National Environmental Protection -

Administration

(1992) No. 144

Reply Letter on Review Comments over the Environmental

Assessment Programme for the First Phase Project of

Yangzhou No. 2.Power Plant .

of Jiangsu Province

Oct. 7, 1992Jiangsu Provincial Electric Power Bureau,

We refer to you document Sudian-Ji (1992) No. 697. Following our study we

put forth our review comments as below over the environmental Assessment Pro-

gramme for the First Stage Project of Yangzhou New Power Plant:

1. This assessment shall be conducted according to the construction scale as stated

in the Project Proposal for Submission to State Planning Commission, document

Nengyuan-Ji (1992) No. 499 from the Ministry of Energy.

2. We agree in principle the review comments from the specialist group. The pro-

jet briefs and the assessment contents should include three parts of power generation,

coal jetty and the power transmission line, and take into consideration the impact to

the nature, ecology and social environment for the two stages of construction and plant

operation. The existing data and comparative investigation method should be made use

of to the maximum extent.

3. The assessment factors should be choosen according to the characteristics of

the power plant, and the major protection zones to be assessed and the environmental

quality coriteria to be based should be made clear according to the functional zoning re-

quirements for atmosphere and water body within the assessment area.

4. The standard to be adopted for the assessment shall be based on the require-

ments in the official documents from Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Bu-

reau.

5. The cost for the assessment shall be controlled to be within 51,000 Yuan (ex-

cluding the conferrence fees).

Development and Supervision Department

National Environmental Protection

Administration (Seal)

148

Appendix 5

State Planning Commission Document

(1992) No. 1348

Approval and Commentson Yangzhou No. 2

Power Plant First Stage Project Proposal

Ministry of Energy: Aug. 18, 1992

We refer to your document Nengyuan-Ji (1992) No. 499 and hereby give you thefollowing reply:

In order to meet the power demand from economic development and people s living

- in Jiangsu Province, it has been agreed to conduct the feasibility study for Yangzhou

No. 2 Power Plant, the planning capacity of which will be 2400MW and in the first

stage two 600MW coal-fired generating units will be contructed.

This project will consume about 3. 2 million tons of coal each year. upon its com-pletion. This coal will be supplied by Shenfu-Dongsheng Mine, and be transportedfrom the mine via the Shenmu -Shouxian Railway which is now under construction

and the railway from Shouxian to Gangkou which is under planning, then to the plantby water way. Before the completion of transportation channel, coal from other mines

or imported from other countries will be used as a transition period. For the detailed

transportation scheme, further studies should be made in the feasibility study report in

conjunction with the construction schedule of the power plant.

The total investment for the first stage of the project is estimated to be 3. 4 billion

Yuan at the price level of 1990 (including 0. 36 billion Yuan for transmission and trans-

formation works for the power plant), in which about 0. 35 billion USD will be fromthe loads to be provided by the World Bank. It is required that the scope of procure-

ment with foreign funds be defined during the work in the next period. This projectr will be constructed using capitals provided by the National Energy Investment Compa-

ny and Jiangsu Province, at the proportion of 30% and 70%4, and both will share the* foreign capital and repay this capital and the interest accrued therefrom in that propor-

tion. The portion of the National Energy Investment Company (including the interest

and the undertaking fees) will be repaid by it with swapped foreign exchanges.Please carry out the feasibility study according to the above principles.The project No. for using the foreign loan will be: X920000303020.

State Planning Commission of PRC

149

Appendix 6

Letter on Environmental Assessment Criteria for

Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant of Jiangsu Province

(1993) No. 1

Jan. 3, 1993

Jiangsu Provincial Electric Power Bureau,

We hereby inform you of the environmental assessment criteria for Yangzhou No.

2 Power Plant in accordance with the requirements in the reply letter from National

Environmental Protection Administration -- Huanjianjian (1992) No. 144 as fol-

lows:

1. The site is located on the north bank of Changjiang River, for the mixing zone

of the river Class III criteria in ground surface water environmental quality standard

GB3838-88 will be implemented, and the scope of the mixing zone will be determined

according to the results of environmental assessment and should not affect the water __

intake of the nearest potable water plant as a principle; for sewage discharge, Class I _ _

criteria of GB8978-88 "standard of integrated discharge of effluents" will be imple-

mented.

2. The scope of environmental assessment atmospheric should include the Nation-

al Silkworm Research Institute and the provincial silkworm seed farm (Sibaidu area of

Zhenjiang). For this area GB3095-82 "Ambient Air quality standard' Class I criteria

will be implemented, for the fluorides in atmosphere the criteria for sensitive crops in

GB9137-88 "Maximum permissible concentration of atmospheric pollutants for pro-

tection of agricultural plants" will be implemented, i. e. the average concentration for

the growing period is 1. Oug/(dm 2. d) and the daily average concentration 5. Oug/(dm 2 .

d) (It is permissible to convert these figures by empiric formula into 0. 2631ug/m' for

daily average value for the growing period and 0. 8451ug/m' for daily average value).

For other areas Class II criteria in GB3095-82 will be implemented. For the discharge

of atmospheric pollutants, GB13223-91 "Standard of discharge of atmospheric pollu-

tants from coal-fired power plants" will be implemented.

3. As the site is located in the industrial zone under planning along the Changjiang

River by Yangzhou, for the assessment of noise the criteria values for industrial dense

zone in GB3096-82 "Standard of environmental noise of urban area" will be imple-

mented, and for the living quarter the criteria for Class II mixed zone in this standard

should be implemented.

Jiangsu Provincial Environmental

Protection Bureau

(Seal)

150

I i - -

Appendix 7

National Environmental Protection Administration Document

(1993) No. 082

Reply Letter on Review Comments over the Environmental

Assessment Report for the First Stage Project of

Yangzhou No. 2 Power Plant fFeb. 20, 1993.

Ministry of Energy:

We refer to your document Nengyuan Anbao (1993) No. 81. Following the study

of the said document, we hereby raise our review and approval comments on the Envi-

ronmental Assessment Report for the First Stage Project of Yangzhou No. 2 Power

Plant as follows:

1 We agree in principle the pre - review comments from your ministry, and

therefore approval the construction of two 60OMW units on the site of Biangang.

2 We agree that the main environmental protection facilities for the power plant

be implemented according to the following requirements:

2. 1 Both furnaces will share a single double-inner-tube stack bundle, and the

stack height will be 240m.

2. 2 For the high efficiency electrostatic precipitators, the dust removal efficien-

cy should be verified during the preliminary design according to the emission standard

set forth by the state.

2. 3 A closed loop circulation configuration will be adopted for the ash sluicing

water.

3 The silkworm seed base is only 10-20 km from the Biangang site, and the at-

mospheric fluoride concentration in this area during the spring silkworm breeding sea-

son has already approached the control reference value. If no counter-measure is tak-

en, this concentration will somewhat increase after the power plant is put into opera-

tion. The local government has already issued the programme to bring under control

within a specified time period of the fluoride pollution from the small sized brick and

cement works. It is therefore required to strengthen the monitoring over the silkworm

seed breeding area after the power plant is put into operation and to perform a good

verification after the report has been submitted.

4 The environmental protection measures and the monitoring system proposed in

the report should be settled one by one during the preliminary design stage.

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