Environment Friendly Sewage Disposal in Rural Area
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AGEPP_ Case_ Korea 1 AGEPP Korean Case 6 Environment Friendly Sewage Disposal in Rural Area - Chuncheongnam-do - July 2007
Transcript of Environment Friendly Sewage Disposal in Rural Area
AGEPP_ Case_ Korea
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AGEPP Korean Case 6
Environment Friendly
Sewage Disposal in Rural Area
- Chuncheongnam-do -
July 2007
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Executive Summary
Key word
Community Building, Water quality improvement
Background and Objective
Most drinking water is used from rivers and lakes in Korea. The main factor of the water pollution
in rivers and lakes is from household sewages. In order to prevent water pollution, the sewage
disposal facility is established in a city. However, few sewage disposal facilities are located in
rural areas because of its low economic efficiency by the low population and scattered houses.
As this negligence of sewage disposal from rural areas, main rivers are being polluted. Even
though several villages are planning and promoting to establish the facilities, it is lack of
comprehensive perspective.
For solution of sewage disposal in small rural areas, the Council for Green Chungnam
21(regional level, hereinafter Green Chungnam 21) has set an agenda together with local
agenda 21 councils(level of city and county) involved by local NGOs and local governments in
chungcheongnam-do area, and then established a pilot project: Environment Friendly Sewage
Disposal in Rural Areas which is applied the ecological circulation system(introduction of
traditional “Pond” function) with a low budget.
The aim of this project is:
- To propose the alternative and sustainable water quality protection through reducing the
pollution from the houses with environment friendly way;
- To promote a pilot disposal facility in small villages to collect effluent from houses as well
as non-point sources such as agricultural chemicals and the livestock;
- To establish a regional agenda for Chuncheongnam-do to be implemented by cities and
counties;
- To develop a rural agenda for sustainability and an integrated project to be planned and
implemented by the partnership of local government and civil society, and by the
cooperation between local agenda 21 councils.
- To strengthen a network of local agenda 21 councils in Chungcheongnam-do
Activities
Project Schedule
April 2006 Form an experts group of sewage disposal and ecology
Site visit for pre-investigation to plan a project
May 2006 Invite all cities and counties for a pilot project and select 8 villages
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Site investigation of 8 villages to design a facility such as geography and the will
of villager’s participation
Cooperate with local media to publish the project
June 2006 Discuss with villagers and local governments
Suggest a facility design and promote it
July 2006 The 1st education for residents
Sep 2006 The 2nd education for residents
Oct 2006 Workshop of environment friendly sewage disposal way for small villages
Discuss about the outcomes and limitation of the sewage disposal pond
Share pilot project cases
Nov 2006 Site Examination and Reporting Meetings of project in 8 villages
Dec 2006 Good case award ceremony and a final workshop
Publish a case study of ‘Environment friendly sewage disposal in small village’
Evaluation Meeting
<Left: Constructing pond around drainage/ Right: Planting water plants in constructed pond>
Project Contents
- Pre-investigation: Check a participation of experts and the introduction possibility of
environment friendly sewage disposal facility
- Education Program: Educate residents, local government officials and students in order
to increase awareness of environment
- Establishment of Sewage Disposal Pond: Design a Pond considering the infrastructure
of each village and plant water plants
- Establishment of ‘Pond Managers’: Establish a villager group to protect and manage a
pond by themselves
- Workshops: Discussion Meetings with residents and local governments
Evaluation Meeting of pilot projects
- Contest: Award a good case from the projects
- Case Study Book: Publish a Case Study of pilot villages and distribute each city and
county in Chungcheongnam-do
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- Feedback to Policy: Reflect the result of pilot project into local government’s policy for
sewage disposal for small rural villages and Spread out the project to other areas
Outcomes
- Through the environment-friendly facility, it takes a role of a new lounge for villagers and
environment education place for students.
- After established the facility, residents let form a group by themselves to monitor and
manage it.
- In a village which is evaluated as a low economic efficient place to establish a sewage
disposal facility, an environment friendly “Sewage Disposal Pond” is a best alternative to
solve the water pollution with economic budget. It results in reducing local government’s
limited budget and increasing the management efficiency.
- Above all, it is a big outcome to change a villager’s view and attitude on environment
- And also, village leaders including their leadership are developed by the project and
lead villagers to manage the pond.
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Attribution
Korea Institute Centre for Sustainable Development(KICSD)
3F, #613-2, Bulgwang-dong, Eunpyeong-gu
Seoul, 122-706
Republic of Korea
T) +82-2-358-1066 F) +82-2-358-2253
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.kicsd.re.kr
Contact Person
Ms. Denise K.H. Yoon
Researcher
E-mail: [email protected]
The Council for Green Chungnam 21
4F, Provincial Fire Station Head Office
#348-5 Seonwha-dong, Jung-gu
Daejeon Metropolitan, 301-050
Republic of Korea
T) +82-42-220-3521 F) +82-43-223-3901
E-mail: [email protected]
Contact Person
Mr. Bok, Jin-guk
Executive Director
E-mail: [email protected]
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Project Details
Description of Chungcheongnam-do
Chungcheongnam-do(called Chungnam) is located in the central part of the peninsula,
neighboring Gyeonggi-do on the north, Chungcheongbuk-do on the east, and Jeollabuk-do on
the south. It borders the west sea on the west. It also surrounds Daejeon. It is divided into 7
cities(Si in Korean) and 9 counties(Gun in Korean):
- Cities: Cheonan, Gongju, Asan, Boryeong, Seosan, Nonsan, Gyeorong
- Counties: Geumsan, Yeongi, Buyeo, Seocheon, Cheongyang, Hongseong, Yesan,
Tae-an, Dangjin
One third of the province's area is under cultivation. Aside from agriculture, marine products are
of importance. There are 220 square kilometres of exposed beach which is used to produce salt
by solar evaporation. There is coal mining, but gold and silver mines are also found in
Chungcheongnam-do, as is Monazite (a rare thorium bearing mineral) and zircon.
In early 2007, the Republic of Korea government has decided to create a special administrative
district out of part of the present Chungcheongnam-do Province, near what is presently Daejeon.
The new district will be named Sejong Special Autonomous City, and is to replace Seoul as the
future capital of the Republic of Korea.
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[Statistics of Chungcheongnam-do]
- Municipality: Chungcheongnam-do
- Population: 1,982,495(2004)
0~20 ages 532,764
21~40 ages 625,344
41~60 ages 448,467
over 61ages 375,920
- Area: 8,600.5Km2
- Yearly Budget: U$8,342,409,000
- Financial Independence Percentage: 35.3%
- Recipients of National Basic Livelihood Security: 80,162
- Number of Schools
Elementary 466
Middle 190
High 118
Colleges & Univ. 56
- Number of Workers
Total 1,134,000
Agriculture & Forestry, Fishery 435,000
Mining & Manufacturing 155,000
SOC & Services 544,000
Project Details
Background and Objective
Most drinking water is used from rivers and lakes in Korea. The main factor of the water pollution
in rivers and lakes is from household sewages. In order to prevent water pollution, the sewage
disposal facility is established in a city. However, few sewage disposal facilities are located in
rural areas because of its low economic efficiency by the low population and scattered houses.
As this negligence of sewage disposal from rural areas, main rivers are being polluted. Even
though several villages are planning and promoting to establish the facilities, it is lack of
comprehensive perspective.
For solution of sewage disposal in small rural areas, the Council for Green Chungnam
21(regional level, hereinafter Green Chungnam 21) has set an agenda together with local
agenda 21 councils(level of city and county) involved by local NGOs and local governments in
chungcheongnam-do area, and then established a pilot project: Environment Friendly Sewage
Disposal in Rural Areas which is applied the ecological circulation system(introduction of
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traditional “Pond” function) with a low budget.
The aim of this project is:
- To propose the alternative and sustainable water quality protection through reducing the
pollution from the houses with environment friendly way;
- To promote a pilot disposal facility in small villages to collect effluent from houses as well
as non-point sources such as agricultural chemicals and the livestock;
- To establish a regional agenda for Chuncheongnam-do to be implemented by cities and
counties;
- To develop a rural agenda for sustainability and an integrated project to be planned and
implemented by the partnership of local government and civil society, and by the
cooperation between local agenda 21 councils.
- To strengthen a network of local agenda 21 councils in Chungcheongnam-do
Participants
20 from local government, 7 from businesses, 100 from civil society, and 1,000 residents were
participated in the project.
Each group participated in the project has taken a role as follows:
Local Government:
- Cooperate with other local governments as well as Chungcheongnam-do government
- Establish a policy and arrange a budget
Business: Provide a technical information and support technical pond design
Experts: Consult environment friendly sewage disposal facility
Civil Society:
- Propose a project and participate in a process of facility design
- Facilitate villager’s participation in the project
- Plant water plants around ponds together with villagers
- Promote education programs for residents and local government officials
Budget & Finance
Village Organization
Budget from
Green
Chungnam
21
Budget from
provincial
government
Budget from
the Local
Agenda 21
Councils
Total
Amount
Sinsong village
In Dangjin
The Council for
Green Dangjin 21 3,000 - 1,500 4,500
Dolmoru Village in
Cheonan
The Council for
Green Cheonan 21 3,000 - 678 3,678
Solbi Village in
Nonsan
The Nature
Conservation 3,000 810 - 3,810
Gwangsi Village Ever Green Yesan 3,000 - 505 3,505
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In Yesan 21
Sinchon Village in
Boryeong
The Council for
Boryeong 21 3,000 - 500 3,500
Suranggol Village
In Yeongi
The Council for
Green Yeongi 21 3,000 - 2,000 5,000
Suam Village in
Seocheon
The Council for
Green Seocheon 21 3,000 20,000 - 23,000
Jungang Reservoir
in Seosan
The Council for
Green Seosan 3,000 - - 3,000
Final Report &
Workshop
Green Chungnam
21 3,000 - - 3,000
Prize reward - 15,000 - 15,000
67,993
Process
The project was invited for all cities and counties in Chungcheongnam-do and then 8 villages
were selected considering the environment conditions, infrastructures, and the will of villagers to
participate in. Villagers including near schools, local governments, and local NGOs were
participated in the project. In order to settle a managing system by villagers, the education
program and workshops for residents, local government officials, and staff of local agenda 21
councils were made.
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Settled a strategy and project of
Green Chungnam 21
Discuss about the cooperation for the project with
the department of water quality management of
Chungcheongnam-do, and local agenda 21
councils
▼
Invite publicly a pilot village to promote
environment friendly sewage disposal project
Site investigation by each local governments and
local agenda 21 councils
▼
Select a pilot village Site visits and then select a village considering its
conditions
▼
Consulted about education program with
experts
Contact to village leader
Investigation of village infrastructures,
environmental conditions
Workshop with residents about the project
▼
Design the sewage disposal pond Reflect the village condition in the design
Consult with experts
▼
Construct a pond Residents participate in constructing the pond such
as planting water plants
▼
Resident education to manage the pond
The pond is used as an environmental education
place for students and residents
Organize a resident’ group to manage the pond
▼
Village sewage disposal facility Contest in
Chungcheongnam-do Examination a case by site visit
▼
Award ceremony and workshop
Chosen as a good case and published
Workshop for Spreading the environment friendly
sewage disposal facility for small rural village
▼
Evaluation Evaluate each village’s project
▼
Reflect its results into each local
government’s next policy in
Chungcheongnam-do
The result of pilot projects is reflected into local
government’s policy
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<Left: Villagers are participating in planting water plants to establish a sewage disposal pond
Right: Pond after establishment>
Activities
Project Schedule
April 2006 Form an experts group of sewage disposal and ecology
Site visit for pre-investigation to plan a project
May 2006 Invite all cities and counties for a pilot project and select 8 villages
Site investigation of 8 villages to design a facility such as geography and the will
of villager’s participation
Cooperate with local media to publish the project
June 2006 Discuss with villagers and local governments
Suggest a facility design and promote it
July 2006 The 1st education for residents
Sep 2006 The 2nd education for residents
Oct 2006 Workshop of environment friendly sewage disposal way for small villages
Discuss about the outcomes and limitation of the sewage disposal pond
Share pilot project cases
Nov 2006 Site Examination and Reporting Meetings of project in 8 villages
Dec 2006 Good case award ceremony and a final workshop
Publish a case study of ‘Environment friendly sewage disposal in small village’
Evaluation Meeting
Project Contents
- Pre-investigation: Check a participation of experts and the introduction possibility of
environment friendly sewage disposal facility
- Education Program: Educate residents, local government officials and students in order
to increase awareness of environment
- Establishment of Sewage Disposal Pond: Design a Pond considering the infrastructure
of each village and plant water plants
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- Establishment of ‘Pond Managers’: Establish a villager group to protect and manage a
pond by themselves
- Workshops: Discussion Meetings with residents and local governments
Evaluation Meeting of pilot projects
- Contest: Award a good case from the projects
- Case Study Book: Publish a Case Study of pilot villages and distribute each city and
county in Chungcheongnam-do
- Feedback to Policy: Reflect the result of pilot project into local government’s policy for
sewage disposal for small rural villages and Spread out the project to other areas
<Sewage drainage and polluted areas around the drainage and reservoir as not treatment>
<Constructing an environment friendly sewage disposal pond around drainage>
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<Planting water plants in a pond area>
<Sewage disposal pond after construction>
<Drainage in a pond preventing overflowing of water>
<Established Environment friendly sewage disposal facility, a pond which is cleaning effluents
from houses and farmlands>
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<Wildlife water flowers around the sewage disposal pond>
<Environment education for students>
<Site examination by Good Case Award
examination committee>
Summary of project work in 8 village
Sinsong Village(Green Dangjin 21)
- Village Condition: 81 houses, 227 people, 231m2 dimension
- Participants: Residents, Village Youth Club, Bukchang Elementary School, Youlgok
Kindergarten
- Main work: Environment friendly place for environment education, Environment
education for residents, and Workshops
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- Outcomes: Establishment of project promotion team, Establishment of ‘Pond Managers’,
Publish of Case Report
Dolmoru Village(Green Cheonan 21)
- Village Condition: 38 houses, 80 people, 1,089m2 dimension
- Main work: Pre-investigation of village infrastructure, 4 education programs for residents,
and 2 study visits of village leaders
- Outcomes: Installation of an Information Board in village, Establishment of a ‘Dolmoru
Project Promotion Committee’, and Publish of Case Report
Solmi Village(The Nature Conservation-Chungnam)
- Village Condition: 56 houses, 141 people, 660m2 dimension
- Participants: Residents
- Main work: Pre-investigation and education for residents
- Outcomes: Establishment of Environment Village Committee, Connection to Green Tour
Program of Nonsan city, Certificated as an environment friendly agriculture product,
Keep a water quality BOD 3.9ppm(18ppm before the project)
Gwangsi Village(Evergreen Yesan 21)
- Village Condition: 126 houses, 319 people, 182,990m2 dimension
- Participants: Residents and Gwangsi Sae Ma-eul Leader’s Club
- Main work: Workshop and education program for residents, Establishment of sewage
disposal pond and environment education place
- Outcomes: Establishment of Gwangsi Management Committee of Sewage Disposal
Pond and Increase of water quality
Indraft of water Discharge Rise & Fall(%)
BOD
COD
SS
T-N
T-P
153.9
51.6
68.0
34.849
4.046
74.4
39.0
38.0
23.357
2.879
△79.5(48)
△12.6(25)
△30(56)
△11.492(33)
△1.17(29)
Sinchon Village(Green Boryeong 21)
- Village Condition: 250 houses, 700 people, 660m2 dimension
- Participants: Residents, Jugyo-myeon Prosperities
- Main work: Pre-investigation, Education for residents and 2 workshops
- Outcomes: Increase of awareness on environment, Establishment of a village group to
manage a sewage disposal pond
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Suranggol Village(Green Yeongi 21)
- Village Condition: 40 houses, 85 people, 4,353m2 dimension
- Participants: Residents, Jeoneui Elementary School, and Yeongi Youth Club
- Main work: Pre-investigation, Discussion meetings and workshop, Education program
for residents, Establishment of sewage disposal pond, Provide brochures and
information board
- Outcomes: Change of residents’ awareness on environment, Pond conservation activity
by resident’s autonomous committee, Place of environment education for residents and
kindergarten
Munsan Village(Green Seocheon 21)
- Village Condition: 18 houses, 40 people, 2,640m2 dimension
- Main work: Education for residents and Establishment of pond
- Outcomes: Establishment of resident’s group to manage a pond
☞ Interview with a village leader, Mr. Lee, Gwang-suk in Sinsong village
Q: why did you promote a pilot project?
I have tried to find a best way to reduce water pollution because of effluents from a village for a
long time. General sewage disposal facility was not proper to our village because of its small
houses and population. Fortunately, Green Dangjin 21 proposed the project at that time and we
could make a pond using water plants to purify effluents from houses and farmlands in aid of
Green Dangjin 21 and local government.
Q: What are the most difficulties to promote the project?
Our will was enough but lack of experience and information on environment friendly sewage
disposal facility made us hard to promote the project. We needed a help of experts who knows
well on water plants to purify sewage and above all, it was difficult to persuade resident to
participate in the project. Additionally, after construction, the management of pond gave us
another problem. Actually, it was harder to find a best way to manage a pond continuously and
responsibly by residents themselves.
Q: What outcome do you have after the project?
After the establishment of sewage disposal pond, the water pollution of rivers and wetlands is
reduced. Together with the sewage disposal function we have gardened around the pond and
now it is a place for residents to take a rest. Also, it is an environment education place for
students around a village. Our case was carried on a local newspaper and expects to spread out
other areas.
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Q: Is there some change of resident’s awareness on the environment issue?
Before this project, there has been no concern of the environment issue. However, after the
project, our village was awarded from local government as a good case for an environment
friendly community and published on local newspapers, which results in now increasing a pride
of their clean village. And the most important fruit is that the community spirit increases through
this project, which is an opportunity to harmonize and strengthen the unity. Nowadays, people
are careful of dumping trash separately for the recycle.
Bottlenecks
As a lack of information and consultation by experts on water plants and ecology, in some areas
it has been planted any water plants without consideration of the characteristics of each water
plants. And there has been no professionally concerned of the existed ecological system before
planting water plants.
In consultation with experts, it was found that a sewage disposal facility using ecological system
has a limitation to purify sewage a 100% so that it must be established a sewage disposal facility
as a 2nd disposal process.
Evaluation
- Through the establishment of pond, it provides two roles: a rest place for residents and
an environment education site for students. People can recognize that sewage from
houses and farmlands polluted the water and understand why the pond is constructed
and managed continuously.
- The water pollution in rivers reduces to remarkable level, for example, in Solmi village
BOD 18ppm before the project to 3.9ppm.
- After the construction, they made a group to monitor and manage a pond by
themselves.
- As villagers have participated in the project and even its management after the project,
the awareness on environment of residents is changed and increased.
- The success of this pilot project will be able to spread out other villages requiring
sewage disposal facility with small budget.
- For a small village which is a low economic efficiency place for sewage disposal facility,
the environment friendly facility to dispose sewage is a good alternative to reduce the
budget and increase the management efficiency.
- The image of environment friendly village increases, which results in contributing to the
competitiveness of agricultural products from the villages.
- Through the project, village leaders had attention to the environment issue and leaded
the participation of people. To develop their environment friendly leadership is the one of
major outcome.
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- The success of pilot project makes the awareness on partnership with civil society of
local government more positive. And it reflects the result into the policy of water quality
management and budget arrangement.
- Local government, business, academy, civil society, and villagers cooperated with each
other in process of the project. Through the project, it is a chance for the participants to
learn and train partnership and governance.
- The councils for local agenda 21 could have connection with village group through the
project.
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Project Review
Local Sustainability
Socio-cultural implication
Through the project, the image of village became ‘Clean’ and ‘Environment Friendly’, which
makes villagers have pride of their community. Through active participation of residents a
community spirit increases and community unity is strengthen higher. As a result, in order to
preserve the sewage disposal pond, they made a system to monitor and manage it by
themselves.
Economic implication
The budget to construct a sewage disposal facility can be reduced and also the efficient of
management is improved through the participation of residents voluntarily.
The image of environment friendly village increases, which results in contributing to the
competitiveness of agricultural products from the villages.
Environmental implication
The water pollution in rivers reduces to remarkable level, for example, in Solmi village BOD
18ppm before the project to 3.9ppm.
Through the establishment of pond, it provides two roles: a rest place for residents and an
environment education site for students. People can recognize that sewage from houses and
farmlands polluted the water and understand why the pond is constructed and managed
continuously. As villagers have participated in the project and even its management after the
project, the awareness on environment of residents is changed and increased.
Partnership
In planning, civil society, experts, and Chuncheongnam-do government participated in and
coordinate all process together. Civil society organized local leaders, experts provided
information and consulted the pond design, and provincial government coordinated and
supported budget and administrative affairs. Additionally local business participated in
construction of pond and provided technical information. Residents also participated in the
project such as planting water plants and management of the pond after construction. They even
made a village group to manage it together.
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Through Local Agenda 21 councils, all stakeholders could have a place to set an agenda and
discuss about the alternative way to solve water pollution from small villages without sewage
disposal facility. In promoting the project all participants could understand how to partnership and
necessary of local agenda 21.
Case PR and Replication
5 cases of Dangjin, Cheonan, Boryeong, Yesan and Yeongi were reported on the medial:
Internet media such as OhMyNews, regional newspapers such as The Jungbu Daily, The
Jungdo Il-bo, The Daejeon Il-bo, local newspapers such as The Dangjin News, The
Boryeong Shinmun, and The Muhan Shinmun.
<Article in The Dangjin News, left one, and in The Jungbu Daily, right>
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<Article in The Daejeon Il-bo>
