EnvE Program PSU 2007

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    What is Environmental

    Engineering?

    Majors Night October 18, 2006

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    Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

    What is Environmental Engineering (What is Environmental Engineering (EnvEEnvE)?)? HistoryHistory

    ExamplesExamples

    Environmental Engineering at Penn StateEnvironmental Engineering at Penn State

    FacultyFaculty

    ResearchResearch CoursesCourses

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    What is Environmental Engineering?What is Environmental Engineering?

    The monitoring, improvement, & protectionThe monitoring, improvement, & protectionof the environment through designof the environment through design

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    Some examples of EnvironmentalSome examples of EnvironmentalEngineering todayEngineering today

    Treatment of surface water,Treatment of surface water,groundwater, waste water, soil, & airgroundwater, waste water, soil, & air

    Management of wetlands & watershedsManagement of wetlands & watersheds

    Disposal of solid & hazardous wastesDisposal of solid & hazardous wastes

    Production of renewable energyProduction of renewable energy

    Design ofDesign ofgreengreenproductsproducts

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    Environmental Engineering atEnvironmental Engineering at

    Penn State UniversityPenn State University

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    Dr. Rachel Brennan Dr. Bill Burgos Dr. Fred Cannon Dr. Brian Dempsey

    Dr. Bruce LoganDr. Bruce Logan Dr. Jack Matson Dr. Jay Regan Dr. Ray Regan

    Environmental Engineering FacultyEnvironmental Engineering Faculty

    at Penn State Universityat Penn State University

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    Environmental Engineering ResearchEnvironmental Engineering Research

    BioEnergyBioEnergy

    ProductionProduction

    Microbial fuel cells, biological hydrogen productionMicrobial fuel cells, biological hydrogen production

    BioremediationBioremediation Perchlorate, metals, radionuclides, acid mine drainage,Perchlorate, metals, radionuclides, acid mine drainage,

    volatile organic compounds, nitratevolatile organic compounds, nitrate Drinking water treatmentDrinking water treatment

    Activated carbon filtration, membrane filtration, coagulationActivated carbon filtration, membrane filtration, coagulation

    Wastewater treatmentWastewater treatment Nitrification, urban runoffNitrification, urban runoff

    Solid waste managementSolid waste management

    EcopreneeringEcopreneering EcoEco--building, ecobuilding, eco--village, ecovillage, eco--products, ecoproducts, eco--etc.etc.

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    BioEnergy Production:Producing Electricity During Wastewater Treatment

    Using Microbial fuel cell (MFC)

    A MFC is a device that use bacteria as a

    biocatalyst to oxidize organic matter andproduce electricity. The bacteria (attached to

    the anode) produce electrons that travel to the

    cathode (current).

    Proton Exchange

    membrane (PEM)

    load

    Anode Cathode

    bacteria

    Oxidation

    products

    (CO2)

    Fuel

    (wastes)

    e-

    e-

    Oxidant

    (O2)

    Reduced

    oxidant

    (H2O)

    H+

    This is a single-chamberedMFC, developed by ProfessorLogans group at Penn State,to treat wastewater andproduce electricity

    Reference: Liu et al.,Environ. Sci. Technol. (2004)

    Bruce Logan, Professor of Environmental Engineering

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    Demonstration of a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)Demonstration of a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)

    See a MFC working in real time: www.engr.psu.edu/mfccam

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    Biological Hydrogen Production

    Hydrogen can be produced by bacteria from

    fermentation of sugars Gas is 60% pure H2 (balance is carbon dioxide)

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    H2- from any biomass using microbial electrolysis cells

    (MECs)

    H2

    Cathode

    CO2 e-

    H+

    e-

    Bacteria

    Anode

    PEM

    No oxygen incathode chamber

    PS

    Ref: Liu et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2005)

    No oxygen inanode chamber

    0.25 V needed(vs 1.8 V for water electrolysis)

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    Drinking water treatment:

    Perchlorate bioremediation 4

    Perchlorate respiringculture (optional)

    Supplemental carbon source with(optional) N, P addition

    Backwash withchlorate, N, P,acetate

    Contaminatedwater source

    Perchloratefree water

    Sandfilter

    ATTRIBUTES:Continuous perchlorate removalClogging avoided by intermittent backwashBiofilm regeneration by side process

    Patent No.

    6214607

    Perchlorate (used in

    rocket propellent)

    can be degraded

    using bacteria.

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    Bioremediation of Groundwater: enhancing the

    transport of pollutant-degrading bacteria

    Saturated Zone

    Injection Well Withdrawal well

    Zone of reactivecolloidal particles

    Using atomic force

    microscopy to

    understand bacterial

    adhesion at the

    nano-scale.

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    Bioremediation of Metals andRadionuclides

    Soluble U(VI) Insoluble UO2(s)

    Soluble Cr(VI) Insoluble Cr(OH)3(s)

    Soluble Tc(VII) Insoluble TcO2(s)

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    Rate 1 Rate 2 Rate 3

    Cell-free

    UO2(s) U(VI)(aq)

    Biogenic UO2(s)nanoparticles

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    How is AMD formed?How is AMD formed?

    Acid mine drainage (AMD) is caused by physical &Acid mine drainage (AMD) is caused by physical &

    chemical weathering of pyrite (fools gold), FeSchemical weathering of pyrite (fools gold), FeS22

    Very common problem in PennsylvaniaVery common problem in Pennsylvania

    Abandoned coal minesAbandoned coal mines

    II--99 construction!99 construction!

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    Yellow BoyYellow BoyFormation from Typical MinesFormation from Typical Mines

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    Elevated aluminum in

    mine water discharge

    Elevated iron in mine

    water discharge

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    Passive treatment

    system for minedischarge

    Untreated mine

    discharge

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    Innovative Treatment of AcidInnovative Treatment of Acid--Mine DrainageMine DrainageJon Dietz & Prof. DempseyJon Dietz & Prof. Dempsey

    Inflow

    MixerAir

    Reactor Tank

    Settling Tank

    Iron Precipitate

    Inflow

    MixerAir

    Reactor Tank

    Settling Tank

    Iron Precipitate

    Inflow

    MixerAir

    Reactor Tank

    Settling Tank

    Iron Precipitate

    Abiotic treatment with recirculation,

    pH 5.5 to 6.8

    IRR > 1000 g/m2

    /dHigh-density sludge

    Temperature Compensated &

    Normalized by Fe(II), Fe(III), & DO

    y = 2.195x - 15.821

    R2= 0.976

    y = 0.9006x - 7.7207

    R2= 0.2257

    -4.2

    -3.5

    -2.8

    -2.1

    -1.4

    5.0 5.4 5.8 6.2 6.6 7.0pH

    log(Ktot/DO/Fe(III))y = 0.6602x

    2- 6.8299x + 18.605

    R2= 0.776

    0

    0.5

    1

    1.5

    2

    2.5

    5 5.5 6 6.5

    pH

    LogNormalized

    [Fe(II)Sorb]

    Model Data Poly. (Data)

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    Field and Laboratory Analyses of PA StreamsField and Laboratory Analyses of PA Streams

    Degraded by AcidDegraded by Acid--Mine DrainageMine DrainageByungtae Park & Prof. DempseyByungtae Park & Prof. Dempsey

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    Evaluation of Porous Pavement & Infiltration toEvaluation of Porous Pavement & Infiltration to

    Prevent to Deal with Flooding and Urban RunoffPrevent to Deal with Flooding and Urban RunoffDavid Swisher & Prof. DempseyDavid Swisher & Prof. Dempsey

    Table 6.2. Chemical Analysis for 6/4/02 Storm Event

    Porous Lot Control Lot

    Ca, mg/L 12.5 13.5Cu, mg/L

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    Membrane Filtration for the Production of PotableMembrane Filtration for the Production of Potable

    Water & for ReWater & for Re--use of Wastewateruse of WastewaterKevin Choi & Prof. DempseyKevin Choi & Prof. Dempsey

    -5.0

    -4.5

    -4.0

    -3.5

    6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5

    pH

    log

    Al

    Alum

    PAC70

    ACH

    ACH w/acid27.5

    38.5

    36.8

    23.8

    11.2

    30.526.1

    ZP = 0

    % removal of TOCis given next to points

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    Drinking Water TreatmentDrinking Water Treatment

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    Wastewater TreatmentWastewater Treatment

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    Environmental BiotechnologyEnvironmental Biotechnology

    AOB

    clones

    from pilot

    plant

    0.1

    Nm.oligotropha Nm45

    Nm.ureaeNm.AL212

    Nm. JL21Nm. aestuarii Nm36

    Nm. marina Nm22

    Nm. cryotoleransNm. europaeaNm. eutropha C91

    Nm. halophila Nm1Nc. mobilis Nc2Nm. communis Nm2

    Nm. nitrosa Nm90Ns. tenuis

    Ns. briensis C128Ns. multiformis 25196

    Gallionella ferrugineaRhodocyclus spPropionivibrio dicarboxylicus

    Ralstonia eutrophaNc. halophilus Nc2Nc. oceanus C27

    Escherichia coliATCC11775T

    2 clones

    3 clones11 clones

    4 clones

    11 clones

    Nitrosomonas oligotropha

    cluster

    marina

    clustereuropaea

    clustercommunis

    clusterNitrosospira

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    Brennan Research GroupBrennan Research Group

    Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering

    The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USAThe Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Enhanced Bioremediation of Soil &Enhanced Bioremediation of Soil &Groundwater Contaminants throughGroundwater Contaminants through

    Alternative Nutrient & Delivery TechniquesAlternative Nutrient & Delivery Techniques

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    Groundwater Contamination byGroundwater Contamination by

    Tetrachloroethene (PCE)Tetrachloroethene (PCE)

    Dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)Dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL)

    Difficult to remove usingDifficult to remove usingpump & treatpump & treat

    Microorganisms can gain energy by degrading PCEMicroorganisms can gain energy by degrading PCE Reductive dechlorination (a.k.a.Reductive dechlorination (a.k.a.halorespirationhalorespiration))

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    SC-80SC-40SC-20

    Chitin from Crab ShellsChitin from Crab Shells

    H

    CH2OH

    H

    HH

    H

    H

    OH

    NH

    C= O

    CH3

    OH

    O

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    PilotPilot-- & Full& Full--scale Chitin Injectionscale Chitin Injection

    at the Distler Brickyard Superfund Site!at the Distler Brickyard Superfund Site!

    Chitin fractured into groundChitin fractured into ground

    3 fracture depths per borehole (~24, 33, & 38 ft3 fracture depths per borehole (~24, 33, & 38 ft bgsbgs))

    250 gallons/frac250 gallons/frac

    150 lb chitin, 550 lb sand, (also guar, crosslinker, & breaker)150 lb chitin, 550 lb sand, (also guar, crosslinker, & breaker)

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    Denitrification of Drinking WaterSupplies using Chitin

    Potentially an efficient & inexpensive method for treatingPotentially an efficient & inexpensive method for treating

    nitratenitrate--contaminated drinking watercontaminated drinking water

    Ex., in underdeveloped countriesEx., in underdeveloped countries

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    Treatment of Mine Drainage Using Chitin

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    Chitin Treatment of AMD Works!Chitin Treatment of AMD Works!

    Acidity & metalsAcidity & metals

    concentrations dropconcentrations droprapidly (in just weeks)rapidly (in just weeks)

    using chitin!using chitin!

    -200

    -100

    0

    100

    200

    300

    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    Time (days)

    Acidity,

    Alkalin

    ity(mg/LasCaCO3)

    3.0

    3.5

    4.0

    4.5

    5.0

    5.5

    6.0

    6.5

    7.0

    pH

    .

    Acidity Alkalinity pH

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    Treatment of PerchlorateTreatment of Perchlorate

    in Vadose Zone Soilsin Vadose Zone Soils

    Thousands of tons of ClOThousands of tons of ClO44-- have been released intohave been released into

    environment since 1950senvironment since 1950s

    GEDIT Technology developed by CDM:GEDIT Technology developed by CDM:

    InjectionWell

    Groundwater

    VadoseVadoseZoneZoneGED

    GED

    GED

    GED

    GED

    GED

    Electron Acceptor(perchlorate)Electron Acceptor(perchlorate)

    Gaseous Electron Donor InjectionGaseous Electron Donor Injection

    GED = Gaseous Electron DonorGED = Gaseous Electron Donor

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    VadoseVadose--Zone Perchlorate RemediationZone Perchlorate Remediation

    Electron Donor

    Sampling Ports

    Humidified N2 (variable flow)

    Site soil contaminated with perchlorateN2 (makeup gas)

    N2

    (constant flow)

    N2

    Mass Flow

    Controllers

    Mass flow controllersMass flow controllers

    HumidificationHumidification

    bottlebottle

    ComputerComputer

    Soil column

    Electron donor

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    Solid Waste ManagementSolid Waste Management

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    EcoEco--Village: an Ultimate EnvironmentalVillage: an Ultimate EnvironmentalEngineering ChallengeEngineering Challenge

    Jack V. Matson PhD, PEJack V. Matson PhD, PE

    Professor of Environmental EngineeringProfessor of Environmental Engineering

    Penn State UniversityPenn State University

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    What is an EcoWhat is an Eco--Village?Village?

    Sustainable:Sustainable: Generates minimal wastesGenerates minimal wastes Economically self sufficientEconomically self sufficient

    Uses renewable energyUses renewable energy

    Produces organic foodProduces organic food

    Follows LEED criteriaFollows LEED criteria

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    LEED Building StandardsLEED Building Standards(Green Building Association)(Green Building Association)

    Leadership in Energy and Environment DesignLeadership in Energy and Environment Design

    Enhance Indoor air qualityEnhance Indoor air quality

    Minimize use of energy and waterMinimize use of energy and water

    Use sustainable materials of constructionUse sustainable materials of construction

    Rely primarily on pedestrian and bicycles forRely primarily on pedestrian and bicycles for

    transportation needstransportation needs

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    EcopreneeringEcopreneering

    Design and build eco villagesDesign and build eco villages Represent eco products,Represent eco products, egeg. wind turbines. wind turbines

    Design eco buildingsDesign eco buildings

    Eco water efficiencyEco water efficiency Eco educationEco education

    Eco creativityEco creativity

    Eco Building

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    Eco-Building

    Exterior

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    Eco-BuildingInterior

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    Environmental EngineeringEnvironmental Engineering

    Courses at Penn State UniversityCourses at Penn State University

    E i t l E i i C t P St tE i t l E i i C t P St t

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    Environmental Engineering Courses at Penn StateEnvironmental Engineering Courses at Penn State

    Required courses in the CERequired courses in the CEundergraduate curriculumundergraduate curriculum(effective Fall 2006 for incoming students):(effective Fall 2006 for incoming students):

    Intro to Environmental Engineering, CE 370

    Elective courses in the CEElective courses in the CE

    undergraduate curriculum:undergraduate curriculum: Water and Wastewater Treatment, CE 371

    Environmental Engineering Design, CE 472W

    Water Quality Chemistry, CE 475

    Solid/Hazardous Wastes, CE 476 Environmental Microbiology, CE 479

    Many graduate level courses openMany graduate level courses open

    toto

    UGsUGs

    with permission!with permission!

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    CE 370CE 370 Introduction to EnvironmentalIntroduction to Environmental

    EngineeringEngineering

    Topics:Topics: Environmental ethics, impact assessmentsEnvironmental ethics, impact assessments

    Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, SuperfundClean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Superfund

    Water & wastewater treatmentWater & wastewater treatment

    Bioremediation & hazardous waste treatmentBioremediation & hazardous waste treatment

    LEED standards, Green construction & designLEED standards, Green construction & design

    Alternative energy production, RecyclingAlternative energy production, Recycling

    Emphasis:Emphasis:Application of ideas to everyday lifeApplication of ideas to everyday life

    Preparation for the FE examPreparation for the FE exam

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    Other ways to get involved inOther ways to get involved in

    Environmental Engineering research:Environmental Engineering research:

    WorkWork--studystudy

    Wage payrollWage payroll

    Independent studyIndependent study

    Honors thesisHonors thesis

    Contact professors directly and discuss your interests!Contact professors directly and discuss your interests!

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