8/3/2019 Env 2 DESIGN theory

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ZSBFE GMWFS

98"CG_GM"36

GEP\D@ZCPGDE1

Phgs `jsgne do sj~j|fnj schjbj gs cdecj|ej` ~gph phj OZPZ\J _GSGDE

HDZSGEN SDCGJPW% Phgs sdcgjpw gs mdcfpj` de phj mjop lfek do zyyj| Chjefl

cfefm% Phgs sdcgjpw gs lzgm` od| phj yjdymjs do Ahjmzb pd ofcgmgpfpj fe` pd gep|d`zcj f

ej~ cdesp|zcpgde ~gph sfojpw% O|db phj `|f~gen ~j cfe sjj phfp phj mdcfpgde doozpz|j vgsgde hdzsgen sdcgjpw gs g`jfm ljcfzsj phj bfge Ahjmzb |df` gs yfssgen ejf|

phj sdcgjpw% Phj bfge yz|ydsj do `jsgne gs pd y|dvg`j phj sjyf|fpj swspjb do ~fspj

~fpj| swspjb od| phj |jsg`jeps do sdcgjpw%

\JMFPJ@ PHJD\W1

SJ^FNJ1 Gp gs phj mgzg` ~fspj d| ~fspj~fpj| y|d`zcj` fs f |jszmp do ~fpj| zsj%

SJ^J\1 Gp gs f ygyj d| cde`zgp ~hgch cf||gjs sj~fnj% Gp gs njej|fmmw cmdsj` lzp

ed|bfmmw edp omd~gen ozmm%

SJ^J\FNJ1 Gp |joj|s pd phj cdmmjcpgde- p|jfpbjep fe` `gsydsfm do ~fspj~fpj|%

SDZ\CJS DO ^FSPJ ^FPJ\1

Phj|j f|j ph|jj sdz|cjs do ~fspj ~fpj|%

w @dbjspgc ~fspj ~fpj|

Gp gs ~fspj~fpj| o|db |jsg`jepgfm lzgm`gens- doogcjs- hdpjms fe`

gespgpzpgdes jpc%

w

Ge`zsp|gfm ~fspj ~fpj|Gp gecmz`js phj mgzg` `gschf|njs o|db ge`zsp|gfm y|dcjssjs%

w Spd|b ~fpj|

Gp gecmz`j sz|ofcj |ze doo njej|fpj` lw |fgeofmm fe` phj sp|jjp ~fsh%

PWYJS DO SJ^J\S1

6' Sfegpf|w Sj~j|1 Sj~j| ~hgch cf||gjs sfegpf|w sj~fnj g%j%- ~fspj~fpj|

d|gngefpgen o|db f bzegcgyfmgpw gecmz`gen `dbjspgc fe` ge`zsp|gfm

~fspj~fpj|%

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ZSBFE GMWFS

98"CG_GM"36

:' Hdzsj Sj~j| gs f ygyj cdevjwgen ~fspj~fpj| o|db fe ge`gvg`zfm sp|zcpz|j pd

f cdbbde sj~j| d| sdbj dphj| ydgep do `gsydsfm%

?' Mfpj|fm Sj~j| gs f cdbbde sj~j| ~gph ed p|glzpf|w omd~ jxcjyp o|db

hdzsj sj~j|s%

>'

Bfge$P|zek Sj~j| cdmmjcps omd~ o|db sjvj|fm szl bfges fs ~jmm fs mfpj|fmfe` hdzsj sj~j|s%

8' Od|cj Bfges f|j y|jssz|gqj` sj~j| mgejs ~hgch cdevjw sj~fnj o|db f

yzbygen spfpgde pd fedphj| bfge d| pd f ydgep do p|jfpbjep d| `gsydsfm%

7' Dzpofmm Sj~j| |jcjgvjs `gschf|nj o|db fmm cdmmjcpgen swspjb fe` cdevjw gp pd

phj ydgep do ogefm `gsydsfm (j%n%- f ~fpj| ld`w jpc'%

PWYJS DO SJ^J\ SWSPJBS

6% Sjyf|fpj Swspjb1 Go spd|b sj~fnj gs cf||gj` sjyf|fpjmw o|db `dbjspgc fe`ge`zsp|gfm ~fspj~fpj|s- phj swspjb gs cfmmj` sjyf|fpj swspjb%

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ZSBFE GMWFS

98"CG_GM"36

SYFCGEN DO BFEHDMJPhj syfcgen do bfehdmj shdzm` lj szoogcgjep phfp phj odmmd~gen yz|ydsjs cfe lj dlpfgej`

w Cmjfegen

w Gesyjcpgde

w Hdzsj cdeejcpgde

Phj bfehdmjs f|j y|dvg`j` fp

w Chfenj ge sj~j| g|jcpgde

w Chfenj ge gfbjpj|

w Chfenj ge smdyj

w Fmsd fp adgeps

Fccd|`gen pd ^FSF jsgne c|gpj|gf phj syfcgen do phj bfehdmj shdzm` lj szch phfp

GE_J\P MJ_JM

Phj md~jsp gesg`j mjvjm fp few c|dss"sjcpgde do f sj~j| gs ked~e fs phj GE_J\P

MJ_JM fp phfp c|dss sjcpgde%

SGNEGOGCFECJ1Sj~j|s bzsp lj mfg` fp f yf|pgczmf| smdyj pd fppfge sjmo cmjfesgen vjmdcgpgjs% Phj |jzg|j` smdyj(~hgmj mfwgen phj sj~j|s' gs fchgjvj` ph|dznh cfmczmfpgdes do gevj|p mjvjms%

Gevj|p Mjvjm 2 ENSM$\M @jyph do Sj~j| Phgckejss do Sj~j| @gf do Sj~j|

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ZSBFE GMWFS

98"CG_GM"36

GE_J\P MJ_JM CFMCZMFPGDES

SGENMJ SJ^J\1

w Z$S Gevj|p Mjvjm 2 ENSM$\M @jyph do Sj~j| Phgckejss do Sj~j| @gf do Sj~j|

w @$S Gevj|p Mjvjm 2 Z$S Gevj|p Mjvjm @|dy (Mjenph x smdyj'

P^D D\ BD\J SJ^J\S DO SFBJ SGQJ1^hje jzfm `gf sj~j|s `gschf|nj ge f bfehdmj fe` phj sfbj `gf sj~j|s |jcjgvjs phj pdpfm`gschf|nj- MD^JSP @$S G%M% fbden phj `gschf|ngen sj~j|s ~gmm lj cf||gj` fs Z$S G%M% od| phj

|jcjgvgen sj~j|%SJ^J\S DO @GOOJ\JEP SGQJ1

^hje |jcjgvgen sj~j| `gf gs n|jfpj| phfe phj `gschf|ngen sj~j|;

w Kjjy phj c|d~es fp phj sfbj mjvjm

w @|dy phj Z$S G%M% do phj |jcjgvgen sj~j| lw phj `gooj|jecj ge phj `gf do phj p~d sj~j|s%

OFMM1

Gp gs `jogej` fs phj `jy|jssgde do sj~j| mgej ~%|%p f hd|gqdepfm sz|ofcj gs

ked~e fs ofmm%

ADGEPS1 Gp phj ydgep fp ~hgch phj p~d mjenphs do ygyjs f|j cdeejcpj` pd jfch

dphj|% Phj bfge yz|ydsj gs pd y|dvg`j adgeps pd dlpfge |jzg|j` mjenph do ygyjs%

Adgeps f|j ejcjssf|w pd y|dvg`j ge phj mfwgen do swspjb do ygyjs%

Pwyjs1 Phj|j f|j p~d bfge pwyjs do adgep gs cdbbdemw zsj ge phj sj~j| ygyjs%

Ljmm fe` sygndp adgep1

Phgs gs phj pwyj do adgep ge ~hgch de je` do ygyj ge phj shfyj do ljmm fe` phj

dphj| sg`j do phj ygyj gs sygndp% Phjsj adgeps f|j njej|fmmw jbymdwj` od| sj~j|s do

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ZSBFE GMWFS

98"CG_GM"36

Pdenzj fe` n|ddvj adgep1

Phgs gs phj pwyj do adgep ge ~hgch phj j`njs do phj ygyjs f|j |j`zcj` ge

phgckejss o|db ldph sg`j% De dej sg`j bfmj fe` de dphj| sg`j ojbfmj shfyj do adgep

gs y|dvg`j` de f sgenmj ygyj% Fe` fopj| phfp phj adgep gs ogmmj` ~gph cjbjep bd|pf|%

@JSGNE OMD^1

Phj swspjb ~hgch ~j f|j `jsgnegen gs f yf|pgfmmw cdblgej` swspjb sd phj `jsgne omd~

~gmm lj phj fvj|fnj omd~ gs cdesg`j|j`%

Fvj|fnj sj~fnj omd~ 2 Yox ~fpj| cdeszbypgde x 9%8$6999 (b3$`fw'

Od| sfegpf|w sj~j|1

V@SE 2 yjfk sj~fnj omd~ + geogmp|fpgde

Od| Yf|pgfmmw cdblgej` sj~j|1

V@SE 2 < x yjfk sj~fnj omd~ + geogmp|fpgde

Fccd|`gen pd ^FSF c|gpj|gf1

V@SE 2 < x yjfk ofcpd| x fvj|fnj omd~ + geogmp|fpgde

SJ^J\ BFPJ\GFM1

Pwyjs do Ygyjs lfsj` de bfpj|gfm

w Y_C

w FC

w YCC

w \CC

w

C%Gw Spjjm

w Cmfw

OMD^

6 1 < CJBJEP SFE@ BD\PF\

\ZLLJ\ \GEN

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ZSBFE GMWFS

98"CG_GM"36

YCC Ygyjs1

w Ed|bfmmw zsj` od| sbfmm spd|b `|fges fe` sfegpf|w sj~j|s%

w Bf`j ge ph|jj cmfssjs ~gph ph|jj ~fmm phgckejssjs%

w Sgqjs1 699 bb ?69 bb%

w

Cdec|jpj ygyjs 5 ?69 bb ge sgqj f|j |jgeod|cj`%\CC Ygyjs1

w Ed|bfmmw zsj` od| cdblgej`- mf|nj spd|b `|fges fe` sfegpf|w sj~j|s ge

z|lfe f|jfs%

w Bf`j ge ogvj cmfssjs ~gph p~d ~fmm phgckejssjs ge cmfss"G fe` ph|jj ~fmm

phgckejssjs ge dphj| odz| cmfssjs%

@gbjesgdes fvfgmflmj od| \CC ygyjs f|j shd~e ge Pflmj%

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ZSBFE GMWFS

98"CG_GM"36

SJ^J\ LJ@@GENSY|dvgsgde do y|dyj| lj``gen gs vj|w gbyd|pfep;

w Ge `jvjmdygen phj sp|jenph do phj ygyj

w Fssz|gen gp gs mfg` pd phj y|dyj| n|f`j

w Y|jvjepgen szlsjzjep sjppmjbjep%

Ge zeofvd|flmj sdgm cde`gpgdes- lj``gen gs yf|pgczmf|mw gbyd|pfep%Mdf` Ofcpd|1

Mdf` Ofcpd| jxy|jssjs phj gec|jfsj ge sp|jenph do sj~j| lw y|dvgsgde do y|dyj| lj``gen%

SJ^J\ LJ@@GENS GE MFHD\J (^FSF'

@JSGNE JVZFPGDE1

Bfeegens jzfpgde gs zsj` od| sj~j| omd~gen ze`j| n|fvgpw%

_ 2 (6$e' x \

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ZSBFE GMWFS

98"CG_GM"36

BGEGBZB _JMDCGPW1

Phj bgegbzb vjmdcgpw shdzm` lj bfgepfgej` pd fppfgej` sjmo"

cmjfegen vjmdcgpw% Phj bfge yz|ydsj gs pd y|dvg`j bgegbzb vjmdcgpw gs phfp phj

szsyje`j` sdmg`s ~hgch gs y|jsjep ge phj sj~fnj `djs edp sjppmj `d~e fe` go phj

sjppmj gp ~gmm lmdck phj sj~j| ygyj%

Phj odmmd~gen bgegbzb vjmdcgpgjs f|j njej|fmmw jbymdwj`%

Sfegpf|w sj~j| 9%? b$sjc

Spd|b sj~j| 6%9 b$sjc

Yf|pgfmmw cdblgej` sj~j| 9%> b$sjc

Phj bgegbzb vjmdcgpw shdzm` lj fppfge decj ge

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ZSBFE GMWFS

98"CG_GM"36

@JSGNE Y\DCJ@Z\J1

6% Oge` dzp phj y|jsjep ydyzmfpgde do phj y|dajcp f|jf% Phje oge` phj `jsgne

ydyzmfpgde o|db phj ngvje `jsgne yj|gd`% Fopj|~f|`s oge` fvj|fnj sj~fnj

omd~ od| phj `jsgne ydyzmfpgde% Zsgen phgs fvj|fnj sj~fnj omd~ od| `jsgneydyzmfpgde- sjmjcp yjfk ofcpd| od| wdz| y|dajcp f|jf od|b pflmj #96

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ZSBFE GMWFS

98"CG_GM"36

@JSGNE @FPF1

Ed% do ymdps 2 x yj|sdes

Ozpz|j Ydyzmfpgde ( Yo' 2 69x97 yj|sdes

@jsgne ydyzmfpgde (Y`' 2 :869 yj|sdes

Pdpfm f|jf 2 6696?9 b