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EMERGING THREAT REPORT 2017 Drug Enforcement Administra�onSpecial Testing and Research Laboratory
US Department of. . Justice
Drug Enforcement Admini
stra
tion
.
Annual
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
CATHINONES
The Special Tes�ng and Research Laboratory’s Emerging Trends Program compiled the data for this report through a query of archived seizure and analysis informa�on from drug evidence analyzed by the Drug Enforcement Administra�on’s laboratory system. This data is representa�ve of drug evidence seized and analyzed in the date ranges annotated. This is not a comprehensive list of all new psychoac�ve substances and is not representative of all evidence analyzed by DEA. This data is an annual snapshot of the new psychoactive substance market in the United States.
The term new psychoactive substance (NPS) describes a recently emerged drug that may pose a public health threat. This includes synthetic cannabinoids, substituted cathinones, phenethylamines, opioids, tryptamines, benzodiazepines, and a variety of other chemical classes. Due to the ongoing increase in seizures, fentanyl and related compounds are also included in this report.
Summary
NPS, excluding fentanyl and fentanyl-related compounds, accounted for approximately 4% of the exhibits seized in 2017 and analyzed by the DEA laboratory system in 2017.
FUB-AMB was the most reported synthe�c cannabinoid and N-ethylpentylone was the most reported cathinone in 2017.
Fentanyl and fentanyl-related compounds represented approximately 7% of the exhibits seized in 2017 and analyzed by the DEA laboratory system in 2017.
Fentanyl and furanyl fentanyl were the most commonly reported opioids.
There were 15 substances reported for the first �me in CY2017, meaning they have not been encountered for at least the last three years. This equates to one new substance every three weeks. It should be noted that as backlogged samples are analyzed, the date of the first encounter may change.
Most notably, approximately 55% of the opioids iden�fied in CY2017 were seized and iden�fied for the first �me in CY2017.
There was a significant increase in the number of NPS benzodiazepines reported in CY2017. The most prevalent NPS benzodiazepine in CY2017 was e�zolam.
N-Ethylpentylone was the most reported cathinone, accoun�ng for
approximately 54% of the iden�fica�ons during the repor�ng
period. Of the 19 substances iden�fied, α-PPP and MMMP were iden�fied for the first �me in 2017.
OPIOIDS/ANALGESICS
An iden�fica�on is made when authen�cated reference material is available for comparison. When reference material is not available, the drug evidence is iden�fied as “substance unconfirmed.” A single unit of drug evidence may have mul�ple sub-units. For the purposes of this document, each unit of drug evidence counts as one iden�fica�on regardless of the number of sub-units. Some seized drug evidence contains more than one ac�ve ingredient; therefore, more than one iden�fica�on can be made for a single unit.
There were 369 cathinone iden�fica�ons in CY2017.
1873
284186
81747059504943
2510
65
1144
FentanylFuranyl fentanyl
U-47700
THF FentanylU-49900
Benzylfentanyl
There were 2825 iden�fica�ons of fentanyl, fentanyl-related compounds,
and other new synthe�c opioids. This accounts for an approximately 117% increase in iden�fica�ons from 2016. Fentanyl accounted for approximately
66% of the iden�fica�ons. The next most prominent synthe�c opioid, furanyl
fentanyl, accounted for 10% of the iden�fica�ons.
Of the 1873 fentanyl iden�fica�ons, fentanyl was found as the only controlled
substance in ~43% of the identifications and was found with heroin in ~47% of the iden�fica�ons. Other controlled substances seen with fentanyl include heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine, other fentanyl-related compounds, U-47700, 4-ANPP, tramadol, and synthe�c cannabinoids. The following synthe�c opioids were seized and iden�fied for the first �me in CY2017: methoxyacetylfentanyl, THF fentanyl, cyclopropylfentanyl, U-49900, benzoylbenzyl fentanyl, acryl fentanyl, 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl, U-48800, 2-thiofuranyl fentanyl, and benzoylbenzyl fentanyl.
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6421
20
17
14
7
6
3
3
32
2
1
1
1
11
1
N-Ethylpentylone
Dibutylone
4-CEC
α-PVP
Pentylone
Ethylone
α-PHP
TH-PVP
4Cl-α-PVP
4-MMC
4Cl-α-PPP
4F-α-PHP
N-Ethylbuphedrone
Benzoylbenzyl fentanyl
4-ANPP4-FiBF
CarfentanilAcetylfentanyl
CyclopropylfentanylMethoxyacetylfentanyl
Acryl fentanyl
3-MethylfentanylButyryl fentanyl
2-Thiofuranyl fentanylU-48800
MMMP = Methylmethylthiophenyl-morpholinopropanonePBP = PyrrolidinobutiophenoneMMC = MethylmethcathiononePPP = PyrrolidinopropiophenoneCMC = ChloromethcathinoneMeAPP = MethylethylaminopentiophenonePHP = PyrrolidinohexanophenonePVP = PyrrolidinovalerophenoneCEC = Chloroethcathinone
4-MeAPP
4-CMC
α-PPP
Methylone
4-Methylenedioxy-α-PBP
MMMP
8
7
1
5-EAPB
5-MAPB
6-APBBenzofurans
Piperazines
Benzodiazepines
EMERGING THREAT REPORT 2017 Drug Enforcement Administra�onSpecial Testing and Research Laboratory
US Department of. . Justice
Drug Enforcement Admini
stra
tion
.
Annual (continued)
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
43
9
4
3
3
E�zolam
Flubromazepam
Flubromazolam
Diclazepam
Phenazepam
HALLUCINOGENSOTHERSYNTHETIC
CANNABINOIDSThere were 53 instances of unconfirmed substances during the
repor�ng period. This represents an approximately 23% increase in
unconfirmed substances from 2016. There were 5 benzodiazepines,
5 piperazines, and 3 benzofurans reported in CY2017. Addi�onally there
were 17 iden�fica�ons of 3-methoxy-PCP, 10 iden�fica�ons of
mitragynine, 7 iden�fica�ons of 3-fluorophenmetrazine,
7 iden�fica�ons of methoxetamine, 6 iden�fica�ons of
deschloroketamine, 4 iden�fica�ons of DMAA, 3 iden�fica�ons of
2-oxo-PCE, 3 iden�fica�ons of methoxphenidine, and 2iden�fica�ons of 4-fluoroamphetamine. 5-MAPB and 2-oxo-PCE were iden�fied for the first �me during this repor�ng period.
TRYPTAMINES
4-
4-Methyl-N-
7
4
1
1
1
TFMPP
pFPP
MeOPP
BZP
BZP
There were 922 synthe�c cannabinoid iden�fica�ons in CY2017.FUB-AMB was the most reported synthe�c cannabinoid, accoun�ng for approximately 51% of the iden�fica�ons. There
were 21 different synthe�c cannabinoids iden�fied in 2017. This
is a significant decrease from the 37 different substancesiden�fied in 2016.
As a result of the significant increase in NPS benzodiazepine identifications, we will begin reporting these in a designated section of the report in 2018.
Due to the consistently low identification of tryptamines over the last two years, we will be including this class in the “Other” section in future reports.
Questions about this data are welcome and maybe directed to the DEA Emerging Trends Program at 703-668-3300 or [email protected]
There were 4 iden�fica�ons of 25I-NBOMe, 4 iden�fica�ons of DOC, 2 iden�fica�ons of 25C-NBOMe, 2 iden�fica�ons of 2C-B, and 1 iden�fica�on of DOB.
There were 2 iden�fica�ons of 4-OH-MET, 2 iden�fica�ons
of 5-MeO-DMT, 1 iden�fica�on of 4-AcO-DMT, and
1 iden�fica�on of 5-MeO-MiPT. 4-OH-MET was seized and iden�fied for the first �me in CY2017.
PLEASE NOTE:
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112
470
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24
12
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10
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6
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2
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ADB-
MMB-
AB-
5F-UR-
AB-
ADB-
MDMB-
5F-
AB-
FUB-
FUB-
5F-
MDMB-
SDB-
5F-AB-
5F-EMB-
FUB-PB-22
5F-MDMB-PINACA
FUBINACA
CHMICA
FUBINACA
144
CHMINACA
CHMINACA
FUBINACA
AMB
PINACA
AKB48
144
AKB48
CHMICA
NM2201
005
PINACA
PINACA
-22 PB
PX-1
The "other" category includes substances that could not be confirmed, psychoactive plants, PCP-related substances, benzofurans, benzodiazepines, piperizines, and amphetamines.
5F-EMB-PINACA was seized and identified for the first time in 2017.
MAB-CHMINACA = ADB-CHMINACA
FUB-AMB