Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system...

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Enterprise Resource Planning Dr. Ebadati Kharazmi University

Transcript of Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system...

Page 1: Enterprise Resource Planningitacademic.ir/upload/ERP-Ch2-1.pdf · down the cost of system implementation into components. ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars Software 30.2 $ 30,000

Enterprise Resource

Planning

Dr. Ebadati

Kharazmi University

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A Foundation

for Understanding

Enterprise Resource

Planning Systems

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Introduction to ERP

O In the past several years, many organizations

have initiated Enterprise Resource Planning

(ERP) systems, using such packages as SAP,

Peoplesoft, Microsoft and Oracle.

O Enterprise resource planning systems are a

major investment. Companies have invested

between $50,000 and hundreds of millions of

dollars in ERP software.

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ERP Definition

O ERP systems are the software tools used to

manage enterprise data. ERP systems help

organizations deal with the supply chain,

receiving, inventory management, customer

order management, production planning,

shipping, accounting, human resource

management, and other business functions

(Somers and Nelson, 2003).

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درسطح جهانERPدکنندگان معروف يتول: ERPصنعت

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درسطح جهان ERPحجم بازار : ERPصنعت .ميليارد دالر بود6/16برابر با1998در سال ERPبازار جهاني

.پيش بيني شده بود% 32رشد ساالنه بازار برابر شركت هاي % 60شركت هاي متوسط و% 30شركت هاي كوچك و% 10در اروپا

.مي باشند ERPبزرگ داراي

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Tier 3 :

< $25 m

Tier 2 :

$25 m to $250 m

Tier 1 :

> $250 m

SAP

Oracle(PeopleSoft / JDE)

SAGE

Microsoft

IFS, LAWSON, ….

Local Software

Top ERP Vendors

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ERP يهاهزينهCost: Between $50,000 and $1,000,000,000

هزينه هاي واقعيخريد سخت افزار و نرم افزار

هزينه هاي پنهانآموزشآزمايش

customization

تبديل داده هامشاوره

جايگزيني بهترين هاهيچگاه كار تيم پياده سازي تمام نميشود

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Statistical Data of ERP Project

The study of 5000 U.S. manufacturing firms conducted by engaged in ERP breaks

down the cost of system implementation into components.

ERP Cost Component Percentage Dollars

Software 30.2 $ 30,000

Hardware 17.8 $ 17,682

Consulting 24.1 $ 23,940

Training 10.9 $ 10,828

Implementation team 13.6 $ 13,510

Other 3.4 $ 3,378

100 % $ 99,337

See Reference:Enterprise Resource Planning Survey of US Manufacturing Firms, Vincent Mabert, Ashok

Soni, and M.A. Venkataramanan, Production and

Inventory Management Journal, 2nd Quarter 2000, pages 52 - 58.

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EVOLUTION OF ERP

O In the 1960s, most software packages included

inventory control capability.

O Material Requirements Planning (MRP)

systems, which were introduced in the 1970s.

O Later on, MRP systems were enhanced by

adding tools for sales planning, customer

order processing, etc.

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EVOLUTION OF ERP (Cont.)

O In the 1980s, MRPII systems incorporated the

financial accounting system along with

manufacturing and materials management

systems.

O MRPII led the way toward an integrated

business system that developed the material

and capacity requirements for production

and translated these requirements

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EVOLUTION OF ERP (Cont.)

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هرشركت ،برنامه ریزي منابع سازماندر جهت حصول به سيستم و راه حل مناسبد ذكر شده را مدنظر داشته و بهبود و اصالح را در هر چهار بعچهارجنبه ذكر شده مي بايست

.و با در نظر گرفتن شرايط و محدوديتهاي موجود اعمال نمايد

انسانینيروي استراتژی

فرآیند )زیرساخت (تکنولوژی

راه حل برنامه ریزی درحوزه نیازسازمانهامنابع سازمان

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ک يدر حوزه استراتژERPيدست آوردهاسازمان

Oانیبه مشتریيبهبود توان پاسخگو

Oيريم گيش جسارت در تصمیافزا

Oت انعطاف سازمانيش قابلیافزا

Oرانهدرانجام اقدامات مبتکيشقدميگسترش جسارت پ

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Oبروزياتيو عملياطالعات مال

Oيبستن دفاتر حسابداريكاهش دوره زمان

Oانبارهايكاهش سطح موجود

Oيانسانيروينه از زمان كار نياستفاده به

Oيتداركاتينه هایكاهش هز

Oدیخرينه هایكاهش هز

Oنهیززات از نظر زمان و هيتجهيس و نگهداریسرويبهبود دوره زمان

Oزاتيتجهيس و نگهداریسرويتهاينظارت كامل بر فعال

سازمانياتيدر حوزه عملERPيدست آوردها

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Oياتيعملينه هایكاهش هز

Oازيمورد نیيكاهش سطح دارا

Oعیه سریبازگشت سرما

Oينگیبهبود گردش نقد

Oيبهبود كنترل منابع مال

سازمانيدر حوزه مالERPيدست آوردها

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Oياده سازيهنگام پيندینگرش فرآERP

Oا ير دنمطمئن به اطالعات سازمان در سراسيامکان دسترسنترنتیق ایازطر

Oيتانداردهااسيريل بکارگياز به آموزش بدليكاهش سطح نشرفته انجام اموريپ

Oياطالعاتيستم هايسيکپارچگی

سازمانيدر حوزه فنERPيدست آوردها

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سازي پروژه فازهاي پياده

آماده سازی پروژه فازاول

طراحی مدل کسب وکارفازدوم

محقق سازیفازسوم

آماده سازی نهايی فازچهارم

( )راه اندازی نهايی وپشتيبانی : فاز پنجم

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Oوكاردر تمامي كمپاني ها در هر اندازه و در هر كسب :

اسكات هميلتون روي نتيجه بررسي هاي: ERPيدست آوردها

ERPازپياده سازي برخي نتايج حاصل

، تا بيشتر كه باعث كاهش هزینه هاي انبار داري% 20از –كاهش انبار داري •.حمل و نقل، بيمه، ماليات، خرابي و اتالف اقالم مي گردد

ننده تا بيشتر، بخاطر انتخاب تامين ك% 5از -كاهش هزینه هاي خرید مواد اوليه•مناسبتر و در اختيار داشتن اطالعات مواد مورد نياز

% 10تا -كاهش هزینه هاي نيروي انساني•

تا بيشتر% 10از –بهبود سرویس به مشتریان و فروش •

ا معموال بهبود مدیریت اعتبارات، پرداخت ها و دریافت ه-بهبود كنترل مالي•. یا بيشتر مي شود% 18باعث كاهش تاخير در دریافت ها تا

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(1)چيست؟ERPعلت برتري

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(2)چيست؟ERPعلت برتري چگونه؟

ات پايگاه داده رايج،اطالعات دقيق و سازگار، گزارشبهبود يافته

پرهيز از ورود چندين داده همانند در پايگاه داده مركزي

كمينه سازي تأخيرات بازيابي و گزارش گيري

تصميم گيري سريعدهي تغييرات در فرآيندهاي تجاري به آساني سازمان

مجدد مي شود

طراحي ماژوالر و ساختاريافتهز فروشنده قراردادهاي درازمدتي را به عنوان بخشي ا

انجام مي دهدخريد

SCMو CRMماژول هاي توسعه يافته مانند

فرهنگ مشاركت

برتري در چه چيز؟

دسترسي به اطالعات معتبر

جلوگيري از افزونگي داده و عمليات

تقليل و كاهش زمان تحويل

كاهش هزينه

تطبيق آسان

بهبود مقياس پذيري

بهبود نگهداري

توسعه سراسري

تجارت الکترونيک، كسب و كار الکترونيک

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چيست؟ERPعلت برتري ERPقبل از ERPبا

عدم امکان قابليت گسترش مهندسي مجدد پيرامون يک مدلتجاري منطبق با بهترين

.تجارب

يان فقدان اطالعات كارا براي مشترو تأمين كنندگان

و تأمين تعامالت مستقيم با مشتريكنندگان از طريق ماژول هاي

.SCMاز قبيل ERPپيشرفته

فقدان يکپارچه گي ارتباط با تأمين كنندگان ومشتريان

تم واسط هاي مبتني بر وب از سيسهاي مجزا و كامپوننت هاي آن

.پشتيباني مي كنند

frontواسط هاي مبتني بر وب، endه سيستم هاي يکپارچ

مي باشند

نظارت فقدان اطالعات تکنيکي برايو كنترل كارآمد بر منابع

سازماني

به اجازه دسترسي ميان عملياتيه اطالعات مشابه براي برنام.ريزي و كنترل مي دهد

يان و فقدان ارتباطات مؤثر با مشترتأمين كنندگان

تريان تسهيل روابط سازماني با مشو تأمين كنندگان

فرآيندهاي تجاري

بهره وري

مديريت زنجيره تأمين

تجارت الکترونيک

اطالعات

ارتباطات

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Business System Point

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Business Stand Point

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ERP Design Alternatives

O In evaluating ERP, most organizations consider

alternative design options and each of these options

has its own price as well as its own advantages and

disadvantages.

O ERP Implementation:

O Insource

O Outsource

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ERP Design Alternatives

(Cont.)O Building an in-house ERP system is the most

time-consuming and expensive alternative,

and it poses considerable risks. The advantage

of this approach is that the organization can

build a software system based upon its own

unique processes, and its software will not

be shared with its competitors as with the

“vanilla” ERP alternative.

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Tangible Benefits of ERP

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Intangible Benefits of ERP

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COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

FOR ERPO The decision to implement an ERP system is a

business investment decision, similar to the

decision to build a new warehouse, hire a new

executive, or invest in a training program.

O The business benefits of ERP include

streamlining business processes, providing

web-based access to information resources,

reducing inventory and personnel, and

improving overall productivity.

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COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

FOR ERP (Cont.)

O The costs of implementing an ERP include

the hardware, software, technical support,

project management, internal team

commitment, external consultants, and

training.

O In their analysis of the cost components of

ERP, both surveys of ERP implementation in

the U.S. (Mabert et al., 2000) and Sweden

(Olhager and Selldin, 2003), indicate that

software cost and consulting costs are

major cost components.

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COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS

FOR ERP (Cont.)O One method of conducting a cost-benefit analysis of an ERP

project is to use net present value. Net present value takes

into consideration the time value of money. The time value of

money can be understood through a simple example. If you

invested $1,000,000, assuming an interest rate of 10%, you

would expect to receive a return of $1,610,510 in five

years. In determining the net present value of a capital

budgeting decision, the time value of money is taken into

account. A five-year timeframe is appropriate in evaluating

an ERP project since a minimum of three years will be

spent in actual implementation. In a large-scale project, the

timeframe for evaluating returns on the investment in ERP

might be as long as ten years.

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ERP Cost Components

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Summary

O In summary, organizations have a business justification for

implementing ERP systems.

O The business benefits of ERP include improved accessibility

of information, realtime access to data across the

organization, improved cycle time for orders, decreased

financial close time, reduced operating costs, and lowered

inventory levels.

O In addition, ERP systems provide the opportunity to re-align

business processes with best practices and to integrate

enterprise-wide information supporting financial, human

resources, manufacturing, and sales and marketing

functions.

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O www.amrresearch.com, Results of vendor surveys

O www.technologyevaluation.com, Market research

O www.computerworld.com/softwaretopics/erp, Links to

useful ERP sites, articles, publications, and chat rooms

O www.erpfans.com, Links to support groups for many

vendors

O www.apics.org/resources/magazine/current, Link to

current APICS news

O https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/dynamics/default.aspx

O www.oracle.com/us/solutions/sap

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

FOR ON-LINE RESEARCH

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موفق باشيد