enterocolitis up to data

Pathology and pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns Author Richard J Schanler, MD Section Editor Steven A Abrams, MD Deputy Editor Melanie S Kim, MD Disclosures: Richard J Schanler, MD Consultant/Advisory Boards: Medela [Breastfeeding (Breast pumps, collection kits)]. Steven A Abrams, MD Grant/Research/Clinical Trial Support: Mead-Johnson [Nutrition (Infant formulas)]. Melanie S Kim, MD Nothing to disclose. Contributor disclosures are reviewed for conflicts of interest by the editorial group. When found, these are addressed by vetting through a multi-level review process, and through requirements for references to be provided to support the content. Appropriately referenced content is required of all authors and must conform to UpToDate standards of evidence. Conflict of interest policy All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete. Literature review current through: Jun 2015. | This topic last updated: Jun 02, 2015. INTRODUCTION — Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the most common gastrointestinal emergency in the newborn infant, is a disorder manifested by ischemic necrosis of the intestinal mucosa [1 ]. It is associated with inflammation, invasion of enteric gas forming organisms, and dissection of gas into the muscularis and portal venous system. NEC occurs in 1 to 3 per 1000 live births and is seen predominately in premature infants with an incidence of about 6 to 7 percent in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight <1500 g). Although early recognition and aggressive treatment of this disorder has improved clinical outcomes, NEC accounts for substantial long-term morbidity in survivors of neonatal intensive care, particularly in VLBW infants. First described in 1965, the etiology of NEC remains uncertain [2-4 ]. The pathology and the current understanding of the pathogenesis of NEC are reviewed here. The clinical features, management, and prevention of this disorder are discussed separately. (See "Clinical features and diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns" and "Management of necrotizing

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neonatologia

Transcript of enterocolitis up to data

Pathology and pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in newbornsAuthorRichard J Schanler, MDSection EditorSteven A Abrams, MDDeputy EditorMelanie S Kim, MDDisclosures: Richard J Schanler, MD Consultant/Advisory Boards: Medela [Breastfeeding (Breast pumps, collection kits)]. Steven A Abrams, MD Grant/Research/Clinical Trial Support: Mead-Johnson [Nutrition (Infant formulas)]. Melanie S Kim, MD Nothing to disclose. Contributor disclosures are reviewed for conflicts of interest by the editorial group. When found, these are addressed by vetting through a multi-level review process, and through requirements for references to be provided to support the content. Appropriately referenced content is required of all authors and must conform to UpToDate standards of evidence. Conflict of interest policyAll topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete. Literature review current through: Jun 2015. | This topic last updated: Jun 02, 2015. INTRODUCTIONNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the most common gastrointestinal emergency in the newborn infant, is a disorder manifested by ischemic necrosis of the intestinal mucosa [1]. It is associated with inflammation, invasion of enteric gas forming organisms, and dissection of gas into the muscularis and portal venous system.NEC occurs in 1 to 3 per 1000 live births and is seen predominately in premature infants with an incidence of about 6 to 7 percent in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight